Digital Commons Network^™

A Mural For The New Xerox Plaza Midtown Rochester, New York, Leonard Else

Theses

None provided.

Analysis Of The Performance Of The Pressurized-Water Nuclear Reactor By Electrical Simulation - Analog Computer, Philip Bartells

Theses

This thesis demonstrates a method of analog simulation of a Pressurized-Water Reactor (PWR) using simplified techniques. The simulation is for the reactor vessel and is patterned after the "Yankee," the PWR owned and operated by the Yankee Atomic Electric Company of Rowe, Massachusetts, and built by the Westinghouse Corporation of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The entire analysis is based on the one group model (postulated that neutrons in the reactor are of one energy). The areas analyzed are: 1. Reactor kinetics - one delay group 2. Temperature effects on reactivity A. Fuel temperature coefficient B. Moderator and coolant temperature coefficient. 3. Control …

Heat And Mass Transfer In The Absence Of Air, James Joseph Howley

Theses

The effects of heat and mass transfer across a frosted heat exchanger operating in the absence of air was evaluated. It is felt that this work could be applied to processes such as desalination of water or the purification of materials by reverse sublimation.

The system consisted of a single 1/2” O.D. stainless steel tube mounted within a 3" O.D. plexiglas tube with the ends suitably flanged. A vacuum was maintained in the annular space. Refrigerated ethylene glycol passed through the inner tube in laminar flow. A series of runs with substantially air-free water vapor added to the annular space …

Open-Loop Frequency Response Analysis Of A Jacketed Kettle With Internal Heating/Cooling Coil, Wayne P. Brenckle

Theses

This work was performed to investigate the response and stability of a jacketed kettle with internal heating/cooling coils and glasteel thermowell. This system was first analyzed mathematically by deriving transfer functions for each component and then combining all component equations together to give the overall system transfer function. The mathematical model was then checked by frequency response analysis of the system. Bode plots of the system were prepared and the effect of the thermowell was analyzed.

Nyquist plots of the system were used as the criteria for determining stability, and obtaining the open-loop gain necessary to give optimum closed-loop response. …

The Reaction Of Cyclic Acetals With N-Halo Compounds, Nicholas Hrinkevich

Theses

Chemical reactions were carried out to determine the products of the halogenation of cyclic acetals with N-halo compounds (specifically N-bromosuccinimide and N-chlorosuccinimide) under conditions essentially free of those directly associated with free radical mechanisms (photocatalysis, peroxides, azonitriles, etc.).

Cyclic acetals were prepared and halogenated with bromine (Br2) or N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) or N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS). The distilled product from each reaction after workup was analyzed by vapor phase chromatography (VPC). The major components from the VPC were collected and identified by either infrared (IR) or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and elementary analysis.

A mixture of compounds was found in each distilled …

Natural Gas Liquefaction, Travis George Hutchinson

Theses

In this thesis the author has developed a new process by which natural gas is converted into its liquid form. This has been accomplished by cryogenically cooling, condensing and fractionating natural gas. Resultant from this process is the design of natural gas liquefaction with valuable by-product recovery.

A Computer Program For Multicomponent Distillation From Start Up To Steady State, Leo Julian

Theses

A computer program is presented which develops for a multicomponent distillation column a composition and temperature profile as a function of time from initial start-up to steady-state conditions.

The program is written in Kingston Fortran II language for use on an IBM 1620 II machine. It is a Thiele-Geddes type solution, i.e. the total number of plates, feed plate, overhead and bottoms split are specified and the solution gives plate. compositions and temperatures. The material balance at any time is based on the composition at the previous time, increased (or decreased) by the net quantity added and removed as a …

Thermal Conductivity Of Mixtures, Paul Joseph Orosz

Theses

A concentric cylinder type cell was designed and constructed tp measure thermal conductivity of liquids. The materials of construction were stainless steel and teflon, so that a wide variety of liquids could be tested.

The systems studied were aqueous solutions of methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and tertiary-butyl alcohol. Thermal conductivity was studied as a function of composition.

The data obtained were fitted to quadratic equations by least squares analysis. For each system, an equation of the following type was obtained:

k_L = A + Bx_A + Cx_A²

where k_L is thermal …

Approximation Of Reaction Rate Models, Hsu-Tung Lee

Theses

In reaction rate studies, experimental data is interpreted and correlated in terms of various mathematical models. The converse of the modeling of practical problems is the task- of experimental determination of reaction mechanisms. Generally, this approach is classified into integral and differential methods. Both involve trial and error techniques. The mathematical model which satisfies the test becomes the equation for mechanistic representation.

Both the integral and differential methods have been tried. Generally speaking, the differential method is more advantageous than the integral. For one thing, the parameters which are involved in the nodal can be determined directly by the differential …

The Measurement Of Dispersion Coefficients, John Harold Rosenberger

Theses

This work describes a method of determining axial dispersion coefficients in a packed bed chemical reactor. This is done by measurement of the fractional conversion of acetic anhydride to acetic acid, by first order reaction in dilute solution. The reaction is carried out at various flow rates in a four inch diameter reactor packed with one-half inch Raschig rings. analysis is by the aniline-rater method. Calculation of the dispersion coefficients is by trial using a digital computer. The results are presented graphically and compared to results obtained by other methods. The results of this study are found to correspond to …

An Investigation Of Some Properties Of Liquids Near Their Freezing Points, Martin Irwin Pulver

Theses

Five normal alcohols were prepared to greater than 99% purity. Simultaneous viscosity and density measurements were made beginning at 20°C above the reported normal freezing point and ending at incipient crystallization.

It was assumed that viscosity could be expressed as a function of specific volume and absolute volume, and that a simple logarithmic function would give a suitable correlation. The resulting equation yielded viscosities with an average error of less than 0.8% for the entire collection of data.

Deviations from a previously established linear function were observed in the density data from about 5°C above the reported normal freezing point …

Potassium T-Butoxide-Initiated Elimination On Substrate 1,1,2-Trimethoxyethane, James Waldron

Theses

1-bromo-2,2-dimethoxyethane (I) was prepared in 68% yield from the addition of bromine to a solution of vinyl acetate and methanol. A Williamson ether synthesis, using sodium methoxide in methanol and I, gave 1,1,2-trimethoxyethane (II) in 48% yield. The compound (II) was the desired substrate for elimination reactions because it contains poor leaving alkoxide groups.

Many different reactions were investigated to convert II into 1,2-dimethoxyethylene. Among these were pyrolysis, acid catalyzed eliminations, and base initiated elimination reactions.

Best results were obtained using a bomb reactor, compound II as substrate, and potassium t-butoxide as the base. From this reaction, tertiary-butyl methyl ether, …

Case History Of A Test Pile Program For The Redevelopment Of Newark Airport, Patrick De Michele

Theses

A pile load test program was conducted at Newark Airport to determine the most economical piles to be utilized to support the structure in the Redevelopment of Newark Airport. The controlling criteria were the pre-determined design capacity of 50 to 100 tons for the piles and conformance to the Newark Building Code regarding the maximum allowable loads on the Airport's bearing strata and the allowable settlements for test loaded piles. Thirty-four piles, ten timber, four steel H-piles, four pre-stressed concrete, seven cobi shell and nine steel pipe piles, were driven to determine driving characteristics of the piles and the reaction …

The Frequency Response Analysis Of A Reboiler-Condenser Under Condensate Control, Douglas F. Ready

Theses

In this investigation, the dynamics of a reboiler-condenser pair, with the reboiler operating under condensate control, were analyzed both theoretically and experimentally, and the results of the two analyses compared.

The theoretical analysis was performed using the standard method of Laplace transform transfer function synthesis.

The experimental study consisted of a frequency response analysis of the system response to sinusoidal variations of the steam condensate rejection rate.

Two mathematical models were developed, one quite rigorous but extremely cumbersome, the other neglecting all but the most important factors for the sake of simplicity.

The experimental data (in the form of Bode …

Ball Milling Of Non-Newtonian Dispersions, Barry S. Miller

Theses

This investigation attempts to obtain a better understanding of flow behavior of a pigmented dispersion in a ball mill.

A power-law fluid model was used to approximate the rheological behavior of the milled fluid. To correlate power data on each of 276 milled dispersions, this model was used together with power number, Reynolds number, Froude number; and some geometrical variables.

Laboratory size stainless steel jars containing stainless steel balls from 1/8 to 3/4 inches in diameter were used to Mill a pigment/binder/solvent system at various speeds for different periods of time.

A correlation of power number as a function of …

An Estimation Of Accuracy For Star-Oriented Optical Fixes Of Artificial Earth Satellites Produced By Amateur Equipment, David Weishaupt

Theses

The project's intent is to determine the accuracy of simple amateur equipment in producing optical fixes from a reference star background. A standard 4" x 5" Speed Graphic camera is used with a timing device consisting of a short wave radio and a tape recorder to record the time at exposure. The accuracy obtained from two out of four observations is within 1800 feet along the orbital path of the satellite.

A Latent Image Distribution Study Of "Dry-Writing" Photo-Recording Materials, Joseph Geller

Theses

Improving silver halide emulsions used for the direct writing of oscillographic traces is a topic not discussed openly in the technical literature. It has been previously thought that good contrast between image and background depends upon the extreme low-intensity reciprocity law failure of these emulsions combined with their ability to be desensitized by low-intensity light. Evidence presented in this report indicates that low-intensity reciprocity law failure is very desirable for the surface image; however, for the internal image, the most practical* of the three materials tested reveals no reciprocity law failure within the time interval from IO*2 to 10*6 seconds …

[Monobath], William Quan

Theses

A monobath designed for Kodak panatomic-X 35mm film was obtained, which produced similar contrast and 2/3 of a stop increase in speed as compared to Haist' s monobath MM-1 formula. Formulation of monobath was based on his formula by increasing the phenidone from 4 to 7 grams, sodium thiosulfate from 110 to 125 grams; pH and temperature were set at 11.0 and 85 F respectively

A Method Of Calibrating A Photo Optical System For Determining Spatial Relationships, E. Glab, D. Zimmerman

Theses

A technique is described for the calibration of a photo-optical system. This technique yields a response surface. Measurements of image density and image width taken from a microdensitometer trace can be related through this response surface to object dimensions.

An Investigation Of Photographic Edges In Determination Of Modulation-Transfer Functions, Walter Gramiak

Theses

An investigation is developed for determining whether certain factors, which are characteristics of a photographic edge, are of significance in the derivation of the modulation transfer function of a system from the edge. Factors investigated were edge spread, density range (contrast), and background density. The experiment was limited as to levels used but it was determined that the edge spread significant and a minimum allowable edge spread was calculated.

Color Monobath Development, John Plumadore

Theses

Not included.

Melt Rheological Properties Of A Filled Polyethylene, George Lewis Levy

Theses

A procedure was developed to convert shear stress at various melt temperatures into a computed shear stress at a constant temperature in an isothermal system.

The isothermal shear stress was first analyzed at an equilibrium condition before time induced stress reduction for

1) the temperature dependency of shear stress

2) non-newtonian flow behavior

3) a relationship between the independent variables of shear rate, filler concentration and temperature, and shear stress.

A statistical analysis was performed on the data to find an empirical relationship between shear stress and the independent variables, at any time, under stress, for unfilled and filled high …

Carburizing Of Steel Using "Cracked" Methane, Robert Alvin Hesse

Theses

An attempt was made to carburize steel using cracked methane, industrial terminology for methane burned in air over a catalyst to give carbon monoxide and hydrogen, as the carburizing agent. Initial tests in a laboratory scale furnace using steel in chip form showed that, the feasibility of this method was excellent. These tests also indicated that a good method of control of the carburizing would be by a system that could measure the dew point of the gases introduced into the furnace. The next step was to apply the method of carburizing to small production size lots of bearing components. …

Variations In The Spectral Radiometric Function, Measured In The Field, Of Five Different Types Of Terrain As A Function Of Atmospheric Conditions, Solar Altitude, And Viewing Position, Guy Welch

Theses

The purpose of this experiment was to: 1. Determine how closely five different types of terrain, such as sand, cultivated soil, grass, loose rocks, and bushes resembled Lambertian surfaces. 2. Determine how closely the radiometric functions for three wave length bands compared for each type of terrain. 3. Develops the shape of the radiance envelope as defined by the radiometric function for each type of terrain. 4. Determine the effect of changes in solar altitude on the radiometric function. 5. Determine the effect of changing the conditions of irradiance from clear sky to overcast sky on the radiometric function. The …

A Study Of The Low Current Density Electrolysis Of Ammonium Thiosulfate Fixers, John Bowman

Theses

Determinations of the current tolerences of sodium thiosulfate and ammonium thiosulfate fixers are made and compared. The rate of fixation of ammonium thiosulfate fixer before and after electrolysis is studied. The current efficiency of low current density electrolysis in ammonium thiosulfate is found. Causes and forms of sulfiding are discussed and related to the work of the experimenter.

Automatic Merchandising, D. Kenneth Winebrenner

Theses

Not provided.

A Collection Of Writings And Line Drawings, Bonnie Kimpland

Theses

Not provided.

Exploration Of A Corporate Image: "In The Visual Perspective", H. Clapsaddle

Theses

None provided.

Diffusion Coefficients In Alcohol - Water, Frank Gustav Meier

Theses

Diffusion coefficients of potassium, calcium and magnesium ions in ethanol-water solutions have been determined at 20°C. by means of Dowex 50W-X8 under experimental conditions that indicate that the transfer rate is controlled by film diffusion.

This investigation presents, for the first time, diffusion coefficients for these ions in ethanol solutions at concentrations below 0.01N.

The combined effect of viscosity and dielectric Constant of the solvent on the diffusion coefficient of Ions is demonstrated.

Effects Of Non-Constant Molal Flow On Distillation Plate Separation, Joseph Lawrence Niedzwiecki, W. Weissman

Theses

This thesis presents new equations for predicting degree of separation on a distillation plate, recognizing non-constant molal flow effects. A FORTRAN program is included for solving the new equations. Experimental runs were made for comparison to theoretical predictions.

First an equation is derived for predicting separation at a point on a distillation plate. The derivation is analogous to Murphree's point efficiency equation except that the effects of flow between phases are included by applying the Colburn-Drew theory. Finally, an overall plate separation equation is derived analogous to the A.I.Ch.E. eddy diffusion model for Murphree plate efficiency, except that the rate …