Digital Commons Network^™

A Correlation Between Object Color And Image Apparent Color In An Aerial Film False Color System, Steven Paes

Theses

This research project proposes to provide an aid to the photo-interpreter so that he can determine more easily objects of importance Kodak Ektachrome Infrared Aero Film, Type 8443, is utilized by this project as the medium through which this aid will be carried out. Films, such as this one, are visibility and near infrared sensitive color films. The wavelength region of the film's sensitivity is 0. 5 to 0. 9 nm. This film, therefore, is very useful, since it uses its near infrared capability to discriminate between objects that have nearly the same visual appearance but different near infrared characteristics. …

Packed Column Simulation, Frederick W. Schmidt

Theses

The most difficult and time consuming aspect of the design of packed columns is the hydraulic part. If the designer wants to try many different conditions, many repetitive calculations will have to be performed. Also, some inaccuracy is incurred when trying to use the U.S. Stoneware curves. The graphs are hard to read and almost impossible to interpolate between the parametric lines. The purpose of the program is to give a more accurate calculation by using equations for the pressure drop lines, interpolating between them and correcting for gas density for each foot of packing. The program also allows changes …

An Economic Evaluation Of A Pressure Sulfuric Acid Manufacturing Plant, Daniel A. Marlin

Theses

The production of Sulfuric Acid at elevated pressures is presented with the economics for operating at one, three, five, seven, nine and thirteen atmospheres. The conventional and pressure plants are compared operating on the same basis.

The basis for a pressure plant design is obtained from an I.B.M. 1130 computer program developed for One Thousand Net Tons per Day of Sulfuric Acid. Recognized operating conditions for a conventional acid plant are incorporated in the pressure plant design program.

Sulfuric Acid manufacture with operating pressures higher than atmospheric, but less than five atmospheres, results in maximum rate of return on investment …

The Computer Evaluation Of The Natural Frequencies Of Vibrating Circular Plates With Free, Fixed And Simply Supported Edges, Thomas Michael Juliano

Theses

The natural frequencies of the transverse vibration of a thin, isotropic, circular plate with free, clamped, and simply supported edge conditions were studied extensively. The frequency equation for each edge condition was derived from the classical partial differential equation of plate vibration. These equations, which are in terms of Bessel functions, were then solved numerically to find the natural frequencies. Since the accuracy of the Bessel function values is very important in evaluating these frequencies, a comprehensive digital computer program was devised to calculate these values to eleven digit accuracy. In this Bessel function program four different methods were required …

The Application Of A Non-Newtonian Rheological Equation To Low-Density Polyethylene, Jeffrey N. Goldstein

Theses

A generalized non-Newtonian equation describing the rheology of molten thermoplastics is verified for low-density polyethylenes. The equation is extended to account for both rheological temperature dependency and polyethylene molecular weight dependency. The prediction of the rheology of new polyethylenes without additional experimentation is thus possible.

The Oxidation Of Sulfur Dioxide In A Regenerative Reactor, Raymond Henry Edgecomb

Theses

A novel dual-unit sulfuric acid converter is depicted that performs in cyclic operation in unsteady state. A mathematical model and IBM 1130 Computer program were developed to show the temperature and conversion profiles in commercial-sized vanadium oxide catalyst beds. In the catalytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide conversions of 95-97% were attained without benefit of conventional heat exchangers. A single exchanger operating in conjunction with the dual-unit system might attain conversions as high as 99%.

Batch Heat Transfer To Suspensions In An Agitated Vessel, John Philip Horzepa

Theses

Batch heat transfer data was experimentally determined for two phase (solid?liquid) systems in a baffled agitated vessel. Three iron oxide and water and two kaolin and water suspensions were evaluated and were found to be pseudoplastic. A total of 231 heating and cooling data points were examined. Each suspension was evaluated using anchor, paddle, propeller and turbine impellers. Various sizes of the latter three impellers were used.

The experimental heat transfer results for suspensions were compared with the Hagedorn and Salamone correlation for pseudoplastic liquids. Only partial agreement with the more dilute suspensions was obtained. Overall, the data for suspensions …

Determination Of The Electronic State Of Aryl Nitrenes In An Intramolecular C-H Insertion Reaction, Ali Mohammad Khonsari

Theses

β,γ-Dideuteriopropylbenzene was obtained in 84% yield from deuteration of allylbenzene. Nitration of this compound resulted in o-nitro (β,γ-dideuteriopropyl)-benzene. Reduction of this compound gave o-(β,γ-aideuterio-propyl)aniline. o-(β,γ-Dideuteriopropyl)phenyl azide was prepared by dizotization of the aniline compound, followed by treatment with sodium azide.

Decomposition of the azide in isooctane solution by photolysis at room temperature gave no trace of deuterio-2-methylindoline (intramolecular insertion product).

Photolysis of the azide at the reflux temperature of the solvent (99?C) resulted in the formation of deuterated-2-methylindoline as the major product (40%) yield. The reaction is presumed to proceed through an aryl nitrene intermediate. Analysis of the nuclear magnetic …

A Comparative Analysis Of Multicomponent Distillation Minimum Reflux Methods, Joesph H. F. Loozen

Theses

One of the most important factors to know in the design of distillation columns is the minimum reflux ratio. Numerous procedures have been developed for the determination of the value of the minimum reflux ratio for multicomponent mixtures requiring various degrees of computational effort. Shortcut techniques are obviously advantageous with respect to computation time. After reviewing the available methods, those by Underwood, Colburn, Scheibel and Montross, Murdoch and Holland, and Shiras et al. were selected for further evaluation, mainly on the basis of practical potential.

Comparison of these procedures was accomplished by calculating the minimum reflux ratio for a large …

The Optimization Of A Catalytic Methanol Reactor Using Quench Feed, John Paul Mcburney

Theses

The production of methanol in a catalytic quench feed reactor is studied by means of a computerized model and optimized in terms of total reactor length necessary to achieve a given production rate. The methanol reaction rate can be maximized in a quench reactor through the use of cold stream feeds along the length of reactor.

Since the methanol reaction temperature is restricted to an upper limit of 405°C, the addition of cold stream feed along the adiabatic reactor enables the desired conversion to be reached. For two given levels of conversion, 12% and 15%, an optimum inlet temperature, quench …

A Computer Program For The Optimization Of Binary Distillation In A Dual-Column System, Richard Vincent O'Lenick

Theses

A computer program is presented for the optimization of a two-column distillation system involving a two-component mixture. The economic reflux ratios in each column are determined using the McCabe-Thiele Method. Activity coefficients are computed by either the Wilson equation, the Margules equation, or both. The program is general and may be used for any binary system where the assumption of constant molal overflow is valid.

Options in the program permit use of either column in separate calculation schemes.

While the optimization effort was prepared in general terms, the initial work was directed toward the acetone-water system. Full data for this …

Effect Of Column Diameter On Mixing In Water Fluidized Beds, Donald P. Schiesl

Theses

In this investigation, the effect of column diameter and flow rate on the mixing characteristics of fluidized beds were studied.

Tests were made on columns of 4, 6, 8 and 10 inches in diameter using water to fluidize glass beads of 0.0185 inches in diameter. The tests were run both at minimum and three times minimum fluidization. Step, impulse, and sinusoidal forcing signals were fed to the columns, using a sodium chloride solution as a tracer with the inlet and outlet concentrations being monitored continuously by a conductivity recorder.

The result of this study showed increased fluid dispersion with increasing …

The Effect Of Polymerization Variables On Reaction Rate And Intrinsic Viscosity, David H. Smith

Theses

The free radical solution polymerization of vinyl acetate in benzene was studied under simulated commercial conditions. The effects of monomer, initiator, inhibitor, and chain transfer agent concentration on the reaction rate and intrinsic viscosity were examined. The initial reaction rates with monomer concentrations from 40% to 70% and AIBN concentrations from 0.2% to 0.5% were in agreement with the kinetic equation, - d[M]/dT = K[M]² [I]^1/2. After the initial reaction there was an increase in the reaction rate apparently associated with high viscosities, which is consistent with the Trommsdorff effect. The addition of hundredths of a percent …

A Study Of The Effects Of The Addition Of Halogen On The Redox Potentials Of Several Sensitizing Dyes, Stephen Noland

Theses

Basic data are lacking in the literature concerning the reactivities of desensitizing dyes to Iodine, and concerning their redox potentials while undergoing such reactions. Such information may be useful in deciding on the mechanism of desensitization, since there is good evidence that the halogen liberated from an Iodobromide emulsion during photolysis is actually Iodine. Therefore, experiments were undertaken to measure the polarographic anodic potential of the first addition product of a series of thiacyanine dyes, if such a species existed. Also, preliminary experiments were undertaken to determine the relative reactivities of the dyes to molecular Iodine and Bromine while they …

The Design And Development Of A Professional Super-8 Movie Camera, Donald Simonini

Theses

None provided.

Fluid Friction Reduction By Water Soluble Linear High Polymers, Arthur Edward Davis

Theses

The effects of various dilute aqueous linear high polymer solutions on turbulent pipe flow were studied to determine the polymer most suitable for testing as the drag reducing component in the proposed coating. Results of this study are presented for commercial schedule 40 1/4 inch NPS black iron pipe. Tests were conducted at Reynolds numbers of 6.2x10⁴,8.3x10⁴ and 9.8x10⁴.

Attempts were made to prepare a coating containing a friction drag reducing polymer - Polyhall 295 polyacrylamide - utilizing various techniques of polymer incorporation into the paint including several grinding and dispersion methods, adding the polymer …

The Stability Of A Nonlinear, Time-Varying Control System, Joseph Connolly

Theses

This thesis investigates the stability of a class of nonlinear, time-varying control systems using the Second Method of Liapunov. A recent investigation of this subject was done by Dr. Z. V. Rekasius when he presented the sufficient conditions for stability for a feedback system containing a single nonlinear, time-varying element whose input-output characteristic is contained in a finite sector. This stability criterion developed by Dr. Rekasius is used to extend the region of stability for a class of nonlinear, time-varying systems represented by the equations ẋ = A x + b f(σ,t) σ = cTx where x is an n-vector …

Experimental Study In Systems Optimization Of An Ansco Model 4 Microdensitometer, George Orton, Mitchell Stevens

Theses

A research project was designed to repair and optimize the performance of a. prototype Ansco Model 4 Microdensitometer which had been inoperative for several years. Repairs were made in the start circuit of the control panel, lamp voltage control and the 2nd cut-in potentiometer to make the instrument operative. Calibrations and alignments were made and an apparatus was designed and implemented to facilitate lateral slit alignment. The original objective of optimization was not met due to insufficient time but the instrument was made operative and accurate to less than 2% over the 0-3.0 density range and 15% above 3.0. Recommendations …

An Examination Of The Conclusion Proposed By W.A. Thornton On The "Luminosity And Color Rendering Capability Of White Light", Mary A. Maier

Theses

A study was recently conducted by W.A. Thornton of Westinghouse Flourescent and Vapor Divisions, on the luminosity and color rendering capability of white light. It is the purpose of this project to investigate the validity of his conclusions. Thornton states that: "The spectral power distribution of white light required to maximize luminous efficiency and the color rendering index is approximated by additive combination of three spectral lines near 450, 540 and 610nm The two wavelength regions near 500 and 580nm are disadvantageous."²

A Comparison Study Of Resolving Power Targets, Robert Mericsko, Kent Collier

Theses

Five high contrast (greater than 100:1) reflection test targets were investigated. The taregts were: (1) USAF 1951, (2) NBS Microcopy, (3) DIN German Standard, (4) RIT, and (5) a Hexagonal test target. The targets .were photo graphed at a reduction of 21X using a microcopying camera. Evaluation of resolving powers was made by the two research partners; independently. Analysis of the resultant data involved' a comparison of resolving power averages and variations for each target type. It was concluded that the five resolving power- targets do not perform similarly over the region investigated. Consistent variability could not be obtained between …

Deflections Of A Ring Due To Normal Loads Using Energy Method And Stiffness Matrix Method, A.J. Rabinowitz

Theses

Deflections and reactions of a ring of 1.855" mean diameter, fixed at one point, simply supported at another point and loaded normally at an arbitrary point were determined using the energy method and the stiffness matrix method. These results were verified experimentally and it was found that the values of displacements and reactions obtained by the two theoretical methods were within 4.5% and 0.5% respectively of experimental results. When effect of transverse shear was included in the computations done using the energy method it increased the values of deflections by less than 1.5% thus confirming that the effect of transverse …

Diffusion Of The Thiosulfate Ion Out Of Photographic Film During Washing, Kenneth Haring

Theses

The thiosulfate ion does not freely diffuse out of a hardened photographic gelatin emulsion. Salts in the washing water displaces the adsorbed thiosulfate ions and allows them to freely diffuse out of the emulsion. The effect of temperature upon the diffusion of the thiosulfate ion is on the order of other diffusion processes. The type and amount of hardening also affects the diffusion of thiosulfate. The diffusion of thiosulfate out of the emulsion is fastest when a non-hardening fixer is used. The use of an alum hardening fixer results in slower diffusion than with formaldehyde prehardening.

A Study Of Consumer Acceptance Of A No-Loss Credit Card Verification System, Dean Arlidge

Theses

This research study focuses upon Credit Cards and a proposed verification method to reduce the risk of fraudulent use. It is anticipated that the proliferation and growing use of credit cards will require the use of security concepts offering built-in point of use protection that is automatic and reliable. A suggested concept is the use of a combined electronic credit card and a memory device. The proposed verification technique combines a user electronic credit card and memory number along with a simple imprinter which would be operated by the person accepting the credit card. Credit cards have become a widely …

The Effect Of Organic And Inorganic Salt On The Relative Volatility Of Non-Aqueous Systems, Glenn W. Lindberg

Theses

The effects of dissolved salts on the vapor-liquid equilibrium of two non-aqueous binary systems have been studied. Vapor-liquid equilibrium data were taken for the binary systems ethanol - n-hexane and ethanol - hexene-1. Then potassium acetate was dissolved in each of the binary systems at a level of 1.5 mole per cent and equilibrium data were collected. The effect of the dissolved potassium acetate at this low concentration was found to be minimal.

Greater levels of salt solubility could be achieved only in the binary systems containing high ethanol concentrations. Consequently, the 15 mole per cent n-hexane in ethanol binary …

P-V-T Properties Of Hydrogen And Mixtures Containing Hydrogen (With A Generalized B-W-R Equation Of State), Arnold Brief

Theses

A Generalized B-W-R Equation of State is tested for hydrogen which is a quantum gas and for systems containing hydrogen.

The gases and systems studied are: hydrogen, nitrogen-hydrogen methane-hydrogen and ethane-hydrogen.

The pressure is calculated using observed P-V-T data and the deviation is computed therefrom. For the pure gas, hydrogen, the generalized equation is compared against the original B-Vi-R equation. For mixtures, the Gunn-Chueh-Prausnitz method which is used to calculate the pseudo-critical conditions of the mixture is compared against the Prausnitz-Gunn method.

The ranges studied in this paper are as follows:pure hydrogen 30-773°K and 1 to 1200 atm., n itrogen-hydrogen …

Correlation Of 1/F Noise With Threshold Drift In Mosfet's, John Peter Rooney

Theses

A brief review of the fundamentals of MOSFET's is given. A correlation between threshold drift and surface states is made, with a following correlation between surface states and 1/f noise. It therefore follows that MOSFET's with a high 1/f noise level will drift more than those with a low level of 1/f noise. Experiments were carried out to show this effect, but no clear cut conclusions can be drawn from the experimental work.

A Computer Program For Determining Hinshelwood Rate Mechanisims From Nonisothermal Pellet Data, Joseph J. Atkins

Theses

Methods of determining Hinshelwood rate correlations from non isothermal catalyst data was studied. It was determined for any chemical system involving a reacting gas mixture over a porous catalyst a node analysis could be used to determine chemical concentration and temperature variation through the pellet. Calculation performed with a spectra 360/Fortran 4 program defined the Hinshelwood equation from estimated surface rates. Then utilising nods analysis to determine concentration and temperature variance, transport and rate equations were integrated through the pellet to obtain a total pellet rate of reaction. For acceptance of Hinshelwood equations the calculated total rate must equal the …

Hypothetical Liquid Fugacity Coefficients, Douglas F. Patterson

Theses

The object of this thesis was to derive values of the hypothetical liquid fugacity coefficient of carbon dioxide for various temperatures and pressures. Most of the temperatures studied were above the critical temperature of carbon dioxide and thus carbon dioxide could not truly exist as a pure liquid. Hence the prefix "hypothetical" was used to acknowledge this apparent discrepancy. Carbon dioxide was purposely chosen for this reason. Also,the necessary data for carbon dioxide were generally more available than for any other normally gaseous solute.

The hypothetical liquid fugacity coefficients were derived from the published binary vapor-liquid equilibrium data of carbon …

The Effect Of Flow Rate And L/D Ratio On The Frequency Response Of Water Fluidized Beds, Arnold Ludke

Theses

In this investigation, the dynamics of a water fluidized bed with varying L/D ratio and flow rate were analyzed both theoretically and experimentally, and the results of the two were compared.

The theoretical analysis was based on the standard method of Laplace transforms and transfer function synthesis.

The experimental investigation was conducted using standard frequency response techniques.

The mathematical model used consisted of a series of non-interacting perfectly mixed cells plus a distance velocity lag.

At low flow rates (3 to 6 times minimum fluidization velocity) the experimental data (in the form of Bode plots) were found to be in …

A New Technique For The Solution Of Free Convection Mass Transfer Boundary Value Problems, James Lewis Putman

Theses

Free convection mass transfer in boundary layer flow due to density difference in an isothermal model was studied. Previous work was examined and a quasilinearization technique was chosen to linearize the system of nonlinear partial differential equations resulting from the boundary layer continuity, momentum, and diffusion equations. This system of linear ordinary differential equations was solved by a computer program utilizing an iterative Gauss Jordan matrix solution technique. Results are presented and the convergence rate of the variables is plotted for each variable as a function of the distance from the boundary layer.