Digital Commons Network^™

Studies Of Nitro-Pah On Ambient Air Particulate Matter, Yadan Wang Chen

Theses

A rapid, simple method for routine trace analysis of four isomeric nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAH) (1-nitropyrene, 2-nitropyrene, 2-nitrofluoranthene and 3-nitrofluoranthene) in ambient air particulate matter is described. Two types of air particle sample (TSP and IP10) were collected and particle extracts were prefractionated by thin layer chromatography and the appropriate zones of interest analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC with UV and fluorescence detection. The study of Zn/Si post-column reaction chamber and oxygen scrubber for catalytic reduction of target compounds is also described. Six nitro-PAH compounds were identified in TSP and five in IP10 air particle samples. The results of identification and …

Benzo(A)Pyrene Ingested From Composite Meals : Analysis And Method Development Related To Total Human Exposure, Che-Han Hsu

Theses

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons including benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) have been known for many years to be environmental carcinogen. Moreover, B(a)P has often been used as an indi¬cator for the carcinogenic potency of environmental matter. One of its exposure pathways, ingestion, may possibly be more important than other routes, conventionally studied such as inhalation. The purposes of this thesis are 1) to analyze the B(a)P concentrations in weekly composite and some daily meals obtained in the Total Human Exposure to Environmental Substances (THEES) study, 2) to develop techniques which can measure the levels of B(a)P in foods accurately and effici¬ently, 3) to compare …

Quantitative Determination Of Formaldehyde In Ambient Air, Wen-Shao Chou

Theses

Formaldehyde has been shown in the laboratory to play a critical role in the chemistry of polluted air. The method which we discuss in this paper was evaluated under practical field conditions in the Northern New Jersey Staten Island Urban Air Toxics Project. Formaldehyde in ambient air is concentrated and derived by passing a known quantity of air through a silica column impregnated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). The silica is eluted with acetonitrile and the concentration of formaldehyde is determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) with UV detection. A description of procedural details for coating silica cartridges with 2,4-DNPH acidified …

The Kinetics And Mechanism Of Photo-Oxidation Of Acrylonitrile And Acetonitrile With Hydrogen Peroxide And Ozone In Wastewater, Jung-Yuan Yeh

Theses

The study presents three types of Advanced Oxidation Processes , Ozone with UV, Ozone with Hydrogen Peroxide in the presence of UV, Various Hydrogen peroxide dosages and PH levels in the presence of UV.

A reaction kinetic model was proposed. The reaction rate constants and mass transfer coefficients are determined by a series of experiments and the use of the Rosenbrock Hillclimb Optimization Algorithm in conjuction with the Fourth ¬Order Runge - Kutta method on a digital computer.

Experimental results indicated that the Hydrogen peroxide with UV at low PH level has been proven more effective for the treatment of …

The Magnetotransport Analysis Of Hemt Structures At Low Fields, Naghmeh Nouri

Theses

On the basis of a study on numerous HEMT structures, a simple and useful technique was established for the characterization of 2DEG layers. This technique utilizes the magnetic field-dependence of the resistivity and Hall coefficient of the HEMT structure, to determine the values of the sheet density and mobility of 2DEG in the presence of other parallel conductive layers. This method of analysis was compared with previously used techniques such as Shubnikov-de Haas and the etch removal of the parallel conductive layers. Through this comparison and several measurements it was found that this procedure gives reproducible values for the 2DEG …

Degradation Of Refractory Organic Pollutants In Tar, Water And Soil Matrices By Ozone Or Hydrogen Peroxide With Ultraviolet Light, Liang-Jiun Uang

Theses

The objective of this research is to develop a method to degrade refractory Tar materials, higher molecular weight 3-5 ring Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH's) or degrading these highly refractory PAH structures so that they are amenable to further treatment by biological or chemical methods. The process utilized to achieve this is to treat contaminated soils or tar materials with hydrogen peroxide or ozone plus ultraviolet light. Analysis of 27 specific PAH's was done by gas chromatograph (Flame Ionization Detection) for the reactants and products. The contaminated soil showed significantly lower levels of these PAH's after treatment.

Concept And Analysis Of The Application Software Development Pool, Paul Walter Bette

Theses

This study investigated a new organizational structure within the data processing field. In an attempt to curb job turnover and improve job satisfaction within a typical application software development environment, the concept of the Application Software Development Pool (ASDP) was developed. To identify differences and employee reactions to implementing ASDP's organizational structure versus a more conventional data processing organizational structure, 15 employees participated in a conventional DP group and 15 were assigned to the ASDP group. Job satisfaction questionnaires were distributed both before and after the six month implementation period. Data analysis revealed significant differences between the two groups. The …

Investigation Of The Fluid Dynamics Of Bioprosthetic Heart Valves, Carol A. Calta

Theses

There is a strong connection between altered arterial blood flow and vascular disease. The presence of disturbed flow and/or excessive turbulence is an indication of an abnormality within the cardiovascular system. The examination of cardiovascular fluid dynamics provides insights into the working of the cardiovascular system and ways to improve the design of implantable bioprosthetic valve designs. This investigation examines the fluid flow of arterial systems, and ways to apply this knowledge to the valves implanted into patients.

This thesis involves an investigation of the testing of bioprosthetic valves within simulated left heart flow loops. These systems include pulse duplicators …

Synthesis Of Strained Lactams And Study Of Their Energetics And Bonding, Jung-Chou Tsai

Theses

In order to measure nitrogen and oxygen ionization energies of planar and nonplanar lactams, four compounds were synthesized successfully. The comparison of these ionization energies provides a qualitative insight into how the charge distribution of strained lactams varies with molecular geometry. Of special interest was the different ability of amides to exhibit resonance, monitored most sensitively by the core electron energy of nitrogen in the compounds. The nitrogen core (1s) ionization energies for the two nonplanar amides, 1,3-di-tert-butyl aziridinone (405.00 ev) and 1-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-2-one (405.47) each having pyramidal nitrogens, indicated a nitrogen more negative than that in the comparable planar amide. …

Adaptive Fir Digital Filter Design And Simulation In The Noise Reduction System, Jack Jiabing Pang

Theses

The adaptive FIR digital filter is designed to suppress the noise in the tape recording and audio communication systems. The cutoff frequency of the digital FIR filters can be varied adaptively depending on the energy level of the input signal. In audio communication, especially, in tape recording systems, the noise obviously gets much bigger, when the frequency band of the system increases. The noise reduction system makes use of a phenomenon called masking, where the big signal-to-noise ratio makes human ears not sensitive to the noise. In a constant interval time, the system detects the signal level and compares the …

Sputter Deposition And Characterization Of High Tc Superconducting Thin Films, Vipulkumar Patel

Theses

Preparation of thin superconducting films by direct RF sputter deposition on Si, MgO, SrTiO₃ and quartz substrates and silver and Sl3N4 buffer layers (deposited on silicon substrates) was studied. To study resistance versus temperature characteristics of thin films and bulk materials, a computerized measurement system was developed. 1-1.5 pm thick YBaCuO films deposited on Si₃N₄/Si were found to be insulating with room temperature resistance higher than 236KΩ, while films with Ag as a buffer and/or a passivating layer exhibited metallic behavior with room temperature resistances lower than 700mΩ. The area directly under the 2.25 inches …

Development Of A Flexible Control And Automated Data Acquisition System For Wear Testing, Wen-Long Yao

Theses

The purpose of this work is to develop a flexible control and automated data acquisition system for wear testing procedure. A programmable logic controller (PLC) control philosophy and PC-based automated data acquisition system (DAS) were designed and organized for the wear testing machine in Surface Engineering Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering Department. The designed and performed separation of control and acquisition strategies saved a lot of engineering interface communication time. Several instrumentations and mechanism designs, such as selected RTD sensor, modified testing shoe for RTD installation, designed controlled lubrication mechanism, and designed load-unload mechanism, have been performed to fulfill the concerned …

Data Security: The Securing Of Computer Installations And Data Sets, Willy B. Kuehnle

Theses

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Of Life-Script Decisions To Occupational Interests, Jacqueline Holler

Theses

This study considered the relationship of life-script decisions to an individual's occupational interests. A variety of definitions and functions of work were discussed, and the influences or early family parenting styles and mode-ling were explored.

The theory of Transactional Analysis was used as the basis tor explaining emotional and psychological needs of individuals. The origins of the three ego states, Parent, Adult, and Child, were described and defined The life script, or life plan, of individuals, developed from decisions: which are based on messages and modeling from parental figures, was used to determine the executive ego states of the subjects. …

The Use Of Quality Cost Measurement Systems For Improving Profitability, Daniel J. Boehm

Theses

The focus of this study was to determine if t he use of a quality cost measurement system will allow companies to track and analyze costs and provide a means of improving profitability. Focusing on the philosophies and theories developed by W. Edwards Deming, J .M. Juran, and Philip Crosby, three of the leading authorities in the quality control field, a quality control system can be designed to track and analyze quality costs. Quality costs have been grouped into three categories : Prevention costs, Appraisal costs, and Failure costs. Prevention costs are those associated with preventing poor quality such as, …

Noncommissioned Officer Education : The Need For Academic And Training Standards, Frederick Kelly Read

Theses

The purpose of this paper was to examine the high failure rate at the U. S. Army Reserve's noncommissioned officer academies . Specifically, this paper addressed three hypotheses which may influence the failure rate. The are : (a) The development of a procedures manual for instructors would be beneficial , (b) the current curriculum should be changed, and (c) students should be pre-tested.

To ascertain which of these interventions may reduce the failure rate, the researcher : (a) conducted an extensive literature review, (b) developed opinion surveys for students, instructors, and administrators , and (c) conducted on site visits.

The …

Direct And Inferential Communication: An Investigation Of The Development Of Oral Communication Styles In Children Through Converging Methods, James H. Hoerchler

Theses

In an investigation involving 43 residents of a children's residential treatment facility, communication styles were determined through correlation of data from three converging measures. The participants received commands ranging from unspoken gestures to direct oral instructions. Communication styles were determined through three measures: Physical responses to seven commands (CT), written responses to a variation of the Zajonc line test (LT), and a psychometric instrument (DIPT).

The purpose of this study was twofold: To determine if communication style are observable and measurable, and to design a psychometric instrument specifically for this population, the Direct/Inferential Psychometric Test (DIPT), to measure direct and …

Ray Tracing For Constructive Solid Modeling, Anju Sharma Mccanna

Theses

This thesis describes a system for the creation and realistic depiction of non-geometric, complex, three dimensional solid models by utilizing a ray tracing algorithm and a graphics relational database. Geometric primitives such as a sphere, cylinder, block, and cone are combined together by using the Boolean set operations of union (+), intersection (&), and difference (-). The three dimensional solid models are built based on the concept of constructive solid geometric modeling. The database provides functions for the creation, transformation, and deletion of the primitives and models. A model may be displayed as a wireframe for a fast display or …

A Workshop For Teachers Using Manipulative Math Materials, Connie Rauch Burbes

Theses

The purpose of this paper was to justify the need for teachers to realize the value and accessibility of manipulatives in their classrooms. Principals in the Francis Howell School District felt the need from the comments made from their respective teaching staffs. A flyer sent to all K-2 district teachers describing the purpose of the workshop, substantiated the principals' feelings. A workshop with funding for each participant was set up for July 18. Research of literature and attendance at manipulative workshops by the presenter helped to build the knowledge and techniques that would be used in the presentation. An outline …

Crt-Based Dialogs: Theory And Design, Jonathan Levine

Theses

CRT (cathode ray tube) based, direct selection dialogs for computing machines and systems were apparently a cure for issues like ease of learning and ease of use. But unforeseen ~ and probably unforeseeable problems arose as increasingly sophisticated systems and dialogs were developed. This paper describes some of the emerging problems in CRT-based dialog design, develops theories about why they occur, and discusses potential solutions for them as a basis for future research. This investigation also provides a survey of the research into what makes programming and programming languages difficult, and what makes them simple.

Exploiting Implicit Parallelism In Sparc Instruction Execution, Todd Michael Austin

Theses

One way to increase the performance of a processing unit is to exploit implicit parallelism. Exploiting this parallelism requires a processor to dynamically select instructions in a serial instruction stream which can be executed in parallel. As operations are computed concurrently, an execution speedup will occur. This thesis studies how effectively implicit parallelism could be exploited in the Scalable Pro cessor Architecture (SPARC)[9], a reduced instruction set architecture developed by Sun Microsystems. First an analysis of SPARC instruction traces will determine the optimal speedup that would be realized by a processor with infinite resources. Next, an analytical model of a …

Shift-Invariant Image Reconstruction Of Speckle-Degraded Using Bispectrum Estimation, Steven M. Wear

Theses

Coherent speckle noise is modeled as a multiplicative noise process that has a negative exponential probability density function. Using a homomorphic transfor mation, this speckle noise is converted to a signal-independent, additive process. The speckled images are randomly jittered from frame-to-frame against a uniform background to simulate image motion and/or platform jitter. Multiple images are logarithmically transformed and ensemble averaged in the bispectral domain. The bispectrum ignores this image motion so no blurring results from the ensemble averaging. Object Fourier magnitude and phase information are also retained in the bispectrum so that the resultant image can be uniquely reconstructed. This …

Modeling Of Light Absorption In Solid State Imagers, Robert H. Philbrick

Theses

In this paper, a model for predicting the quantum efficiency and responsivity of silicon based solid state photodiodes is presented. The model is first developed using semiconductor theory and then implemented in a computer software program. Correct operation of the modeling program is verified by comparing the published reflectance curves of several silicon dioxide-silicon substrate samples with the reflectance curves produced by the modeling program. Next, a system capable of measuring photodiode quantum efficiency and responsivity is presented and used to measure quantum efficiency and responsivity for a photodiode specimen. Finally, the measured and modeled quantum efficiency and responsivity results …

Parallelism In Declarative Languages, Catherine Eleftherios Chronaki

Theses

Imperative programming languages were initially built for uniprocessor systems that evolved out of the Von Neumann machine model. This model of storage oriented computation blocks parallelism and increases the cost of parallel program development and porting. Declarative languages based on mathematical models of computation, seem more suitable for the development of parallel programs. In the first part of this thesis we examine different language families under the declarative paradigm: functional, logic, and constraint languages. Functional languages are based on the abstract model of functions and (lamda)-calculus. They were initially developed for symbolic computation, but today they are commonly used in …

Using Conformal Mapping To Aid In Computer Animation, Highland Mary Agnello

Theses

Not provided.

Uncertainty Reasoning And Representation: A Comparison Of Several Alternative Approaches, Barbara S. Smith

Theses

Much of the research done in Artificial Intelligence involves investigating and developing methods of incorporating uncertainty reasoning and representation into expert systems. Several methods have been proposed and attempted for handling uncertainty in problem solving situations. The theories range from numerical approaches based on strict probabilistic reasoning to non-numeric approaches based on logical reasoning. This study investigates a number of these approaches including Bayesian Probability, Mycin Certainty Factors, Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence, Fuzzy Set Theory, Possibility Theory and non monotonic logic. Each of these theories and their underlying formalisms are explored by means of examples. The discussion concentrates on a …

Automated Boundary Detection Of Echocardiograms, Rolando Raqueño

Theses

Two-dimensional echocardiograms of the left ventricle of the heart have been used to produce three-dimensional wire frame reconstructions of the inner wall of the left ventricle chamber. Currently, this process is accomplished by tracing the boundary of the images manually after applying simple image processing algorithms. This manual interaction is a very tedious and time consuming step in the three-dimensional and four-dimensional reconstruction process. It would be desirable to remove as much operator interaction as possible from the process to improve repeatability and decrease throughput time.

This thesis investigated and implemented several basic and novel image processing algorithms which automatically …

Simulation And Analysis Of A Digital Scanning System, Eugene A. Rogalski

Theses

The analysis and simulation of the motion of a digitally-controlled digital imaging system is presented. The dynamic system consists of a scanning carriage, power transmission elements, a prime mover, and a control subsystem. The prime mover is a permanent magnet DC motor that is positioned by a direct digital control system. The scan carriage motion is mathematically modeled and simulated using ACSL and DADS simulation software. T he simulation results are compared to empirical data. It is shown that the dynamic response of the actual scan system can be predicted quite well using such simulations. Furthermore, these simulations can aid …

Application Of Microwave Technology To Effect On-Site Regeneration Of Gac, K.C. Mahesh

Theses

The off-site regeneration of granulated activated charcoal(GAC), spent as a result of stripping of organics from aqueous waste streams, represents a burdensome cost both because of the actual cost of regeneration and legal liability associated with shipping a hazardous waste off-site: that liability is reflected in huge potential costs associated with mishaps enroute for the self-insured or high premiums paid to the casualty insurance companies for those generators that are insured by third parties. Thus there is a need for the development of a process to effect on-site regeneration of spent GAC cost-effectively.

This thesis mainly focuses on the technical …

Aqueous Absorption Of Nox Induced By Sodium Chlorite Oxidation, Chen-Lu Yang

Theses

Aqueous scrubbing in alkaline media for the removal of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) from flue gases using NaClO₂ as an oxidant is being investigated in the Chemical Engineering Department of New Jersey Institute of Technology. This thesis presents the findings of an experimental program that was conducted to estimate the capability of NaClO₂ aqueous solution to oxidize insoluble NO to soluble NO₂ in order to increase its solubility and thus prevent NO_x emission from entering the atmosphere from flue gases emitted by municipal incinerators or power plants.

The key findings of this program are:

* …