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Articles 211 - 240 of 1481
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Leveraging Spatial Metadata In Machine Learning For Improved Objective Quantification Of Geological Drill Core, Lewis J.C. Grant, Miquel Massot-Campos, Rosalind M. Coggon, Blair Thornton, Francesca C. Rotondo, Michelle Harris, Aled D. Evans, Damon A.H. Teagle
Leveraging Spatial Metadata In Machine Learning For Improved Objective Quantification Of Geological Drill Core, Lewis J.C. Grant, Miquel Massot-Campos, Rosalind M. Coggon, Blair Thornton, Francesca C. Rotondo, Michelle Harris, Aled D. Evans, Damon A.H. Teagle
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Here we present a method for using the spatial x–y coordinate of an image cropped from the cylindrical surface of digital 3D drill core images and demonstrate how this spatial metadata can be used to improve unsupervised machine learning performance. This approach is applicable to any data set with known spatial context, however, here it is used to classify 400 m of drillcore imagery into 12 distinct classes reflecting the dominant rock types and alteration features in the core. We modified two unsupervised learning models to incorporate spatial metadata and an average improvement of 25% was achieved over equivalent models …
Atmospheric Radioisotopes In Cryoconite From The Flade Isblink Ice Cap, Ne Greenland, Dylan Beard, Giovanni Baccolo, Caroline Clason, Geoffrey Millward, Edyta Łokas, Sally Rangecroft, Dariusz Sala, Przemyslaw Wachniew, William Blake
Atmospheric Radioisotopes In Cryoconite From The Flade Isblink Ice Cap, Ne Greenland, Dylan Beard, Giovanni Baccolo, Caroline Clason, Geoffrey Millward, Edyta Łokas, Sally Rangecroft, Dariusz Sala, Przemyslaw Wachniew, William Blake
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Under climatic warming and increased melting, glaciers and ice caps are becoming secondary sources of contaminants deposited decades ago. Cryoconite, an organic-rich material found on the surface of many glaciers, is particularly efficient at accumulating airborne contaminants due to biogeochemical exchanges with the organic matter within cryoconite. Atmospherically derived radioactive isotopes, commonly referred to as fallout radionuclides, have now been found to accumulate in cryoconite globally. However, data from the polar regions, especially ice sheets and ice caps, is scarce. This study helps to address this regional gap in understanding fallout radionuclide accumulation in glacial settings. We present the first …
Worldwide Accumulation Of Atmospheric Mercury In Glacier Cryoconite, Agnieszka Pasieka, Kamil Brudecki, Przemysław Niedzielski, Alexandra Proch, Nozomu Takeuchi, Roberto Ambrosini, Philip N. Owens, K Zawierucha, Giovanni Baccolo, Caroline Clason, Dylan Beard, Jacob Clement Yde, Edyta Łokas
Worldwide Accumulation Of Atmospheric Mercury In Glacier Cryoconite, Agnieszka Pasieka, Kamil Brudecki, Przemysław Niedzielski, Alexandra Proch, Nozomu Takeuchi, Roberto Ambrosini, Philip N. Owens, K Zawierucha, Giovanni Baccolo, Caroline Clason, Dylan Beard, Jacob Clement Yde, Edyta Łokas
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Mercury (Hg) is a chemical element recognized as one of the most toxic among all naturally occurring elements, with health risks depending on its form, concentration, route and time of exposure. Mercury appears in the environment as a result of human activities, which include burning coal or lignite, improper waste disposal, oil refining, use of mercury-containing pesticides and fertilizers, and industrial development such as mining, chemical, pharmaceutical and paper industries. The element also appears in the environment as a consequence of natural phenomena, among which are volcanic emissions, rock erosion, biomass burning and geothermal processes, but also as a result …
Observing Change In Pelagic Animals As Sampling Methods Shift: The Case Of Antarctic Krill, Simeon L. Hill, Angus Atkinson, Javier A. Arata, Anna Belcher, Susan Bengtson Nash, Kim S. Bernard, Alison Cleary, John A. Conroy, Ryan Driscoll, Sophie Fielding, Hauke Flores, Jaume Forcada, Svenja Halfter, Jefferson T. Hinke, Luis Hückstädt, Nadine M. Johnston, Mary Kane, So Kawaguchi, Bjørn A. Krafft, Lucas Krüger, Hyoung Sul La, Cecilia M. Liszka, Bettina Meyer, Eugene J. Murphy, Evgeny A. Pakhomov, Frances Perry, Andrea Piñones, Michael J. Polito, Keith Reid, Christian Reiss
Observing Change In Pelagic Animals As Sampling Methods Shift: The Case Of Antarctic Krill, Simeon L. Hill, Angus Atkinson, Javier A. Arata, Anna Belcher, Susan Bengtson Nash, Kim S. Bernard, Alison Cleary, John A. Conroy, Ryan Driscoll, Sophie Fielding, Hauke Flores, Jaume Forcada, Svenja Halfter, Jefferson T. Hinke, Luis Hückstädt, Nadine M. Johnston, Mary Kane, So Kawaguchi, Bjørn A. Krafft, Lucas Krüger, Hyoung Sul La, Cecilia M. Liszka, Bettina Meyer, Eugene J. Murphy, Evgeny A. Pakhomov, Frances Perry, Andrea Piñones, Michael J. Polito, Keith Reid, Christian Reiss
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Understanding and managing the response of marine ecosystems to human pressures including climate change requires reliable large-scale and multi-decadal information on the state of key populations. These populations include the pelagic animals that support ecosystem services including carbon export and fisheries. The use of research vessels to collect information using scientific nets and acoustics is being replaced with technologies such as autonomous moorings, gliders, and meta-genetics. Paradoxically, these newer methods sample pelagic populations at ever-smaller spatial scales, and ecological change might go undetected in the time needed to build up large-scale, long time series. These global-scale issues are epitomised by …
Exchangeable Versus Residual Metals In Naturally Aged Plastic Litter, Sajjad Abbasi, Andrew Turner, Katarzyna Jędruchniewicz, Krzysztof Różyło, Patryk Oleszczuk
Exchangeable Versus Residual Metals In Naturally Aged Plastic Litter, Sajjad Abbasi, Andrew Turner, Katarzyna Jędruchniewicz, Krzysztof Różyło, Patryk Oleszczuk
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Metals may be associated with plastics as additives arising from manufacture or through acquisition from the environment, but these associations are often poorly defined or referred to synonymously when considering metal availability. In this study, samples of plastic litter (n = 22) have been collected from various environmental and industrial compartments of Lublin Province, Poland, and fractionated according to polymer type (polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, expanded polystyrene, polypropylene, and “mixed”) before being micronised to < 2 mm. Composites (n = 89) were subjected to two phases of a standardised and widely employed sequential extraction protocol (Bureau Communautaire de Reference; BCR) in order to define available (acid-soluble and exchangeable) and residual (soluble in boiling aqua regia) concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn. For a given metal, total content, calculated by summing available and residual components, was highly variable, both between locations and amongst polymer categories, reflecting the heterogeneous distribution of a multitude of different additives. Overall, however, concentrations were greatest for Fe, with medians of several hundred to several thousand mg kg−1 amongst the different polymers, and lowest for Cd, Co, and Ni, where nearly all concentrations were below 10 mg kg−1. Median percentage metal …
Basin Scale Sources Of Siltation In A Contaminated Hydropower Reservoir, Claudio Bravo-Linares, Luis Ovando-Fuentealba, Enrique Muñoz-Arcos, Jessica L. Kitch, Geoffrey E. Millward, Ricardo López-Gajardo, Marcela Cañoles-Zambrano, Alfredo Del Valle, Claire Kelly, William H. Blake
Basin Scale Sources Of Siltation In A Contaminated Hydropower Reservoir, Claudio Bravo-Linares, Luis Ovando-Fuentealba, Enrique Muñoz-Arcos, Jessica L. Kitch, Geoffrey E. Millward, Ricardo López-Gajardo, Marcela Cañoles-Zambrano, Alfredo Del Valle, Claire Kelly, William H. Blake
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Siltation and the loss of hydropower reservoir capacity is a global challenge with a predicted 26 % loss of storage at the global scale by 2050. Like in many other Latin American contexts, soil erosion constitutes one of the most significant water pollution problems in Chile with serious siltation consequences downstream. Identifying the sources and drivers affecting hydropower siltation and water pollution is a critical need to inform adaptation and mitigation strategies especially in the context of changing climate regimes e.g. rainfall patterns. We investigated, at basin scale, the main sources of sediments delivered to one of the largest hydropower …
Predicting Lemna Growth Based On Climate Change And Eutrophication In Temperate Freshwater Drainage Ditches, Jared Feller, Mark Taylor, Paul Henry Lunt
Predicting Lemna Growth Based On Climate Change And Eutrophication In Temperate Freshwater Drainage Ditches, Jared Feller, Mark Taylor, Paul Henry Lunt
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The Somerset Levels and Moors, UK is an area of high conservation value, including nationally and internationally protected wetland sites. Duckweed (Lemna) mats in the Somerset Levels and Moors are increasingly common and are an indication of hyper-eutrophication. Duckweed mats can contribute to increased management burdens and decreases in biodiversity. Research suggests duckweed will thrive in temperate regions as the climate warms. This study investigated the impact of climate warming and eutrophication on duckweed growth in the Somerset Levels and Moors using a previously published model to simulate duckweed growth from the years of 2020–2080. Simulated local climate change projections …
Contamination Of Thames Estuary Sediments By Retroreflective Glass Microbeads, Road Marking Paint Fragments And Anthropogenic Microfibres, Zaria West-Clarke, Andrew Turner
Contamination Of Thames Estuary Sediments By Retroreflective Glass Microbeads, Road Marking Paint Fragments And Anthropogenic Microfibres, Zaria West-Clarke, Andrew Turner
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Surface and subsurface sediment samples (n = 16) from the highly urbanised inner Thames Estuary (UK) have been physically and chemically characterised and analysed for anthropogenic microdebris. Sediments were gravelly sands throughout and were heavily contaminated by lead (Pb, up to 12,500 mg kg−1) and zinc (Zn, up to 9500 mg kg−1). Microfibres of mm-dimensions and retroreflective glass microbeads (median diameter = 188 μm) used in road markings were the most abundant types of microdebris present, and concentrations (as numbers, N) on a dry weight basis were spatially heterogeneous (ranging from about 4000 to 60,000 N kg−1 and 100 to …
Complex Erosional Response To Uplift And Rock Strength Contrasts In Transient River Systems Crossing An Active Normal Fault Revealed By 10Be And 26Al Cosmogenic Nuclide Analyses, Sarah J. Boulton, Ángel Rodés, Derek Fabel, M. Cihat Alçiçek, Alexander C. Whittaker
Complex Erosional Response To Uplift And Rock Strength Contrasts In Transient River Systems Crossing An Active Normal Fault Revealed By 10Be And 26Al Cosmogenic Nuclide Analyses, Sarah J. Boulton, Ángel Rodés, Derek Fabel, M. Cihat Alçiçek, Alexander C. Whittaker
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Understanding the influence of bedrock lithology on the catchment-averaged erosion rates of normal fault-bounded catchments and the effect that different bedrock erodibilties have on the evolution of transient fluvial geomorphology remain major challenges. To investigate this problem, we collected 18 samples for 10Be and 26Al cosmogenic nuclide analysis to determine catchment-averaged erosion rates along the well-constrained Gediz Fault system in western Türkiye, which is experiencing fault-driven river incision owing to a linkage event ~0.8 Ma and has weak rocks overlying strong rocks in the footwall. Combined with existing cosmogenic data, we show that the background rate of erosion …
Cigarette Filter Fibres As A Source And Sink Of Trace Metals In Coastal Waters, Andrew Turner, Abigail Louise Cundell
Cigarette Filter Fibres As A Source And Sink Of Trace Metals In Coastal Waters, Andrew Turner, Abigail Louise Cundell
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Cellulose acetate fibres from cigarette filters represent a form of microplastic that has received little attention in the environment. In this study, a ground composite of spent, smoked filter material (FM) has been used to investigate the role of cellulose acetate fibres as a source and a sink of trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in coastal waters. FM suspended in river water and seawater and mixtures thereof representative of an estuarine gradient resulted in the leaching of pre-existent metals derived from the combustion of tobacco, with mean percentages of release ranging from about 40 for Pb …
Bordered Youth: Analysing Citizenship And Identities In Post-Brexit Northern Ireland, Mark Holton, Suzanne Beech, Sara Mcdowell, Amy Reid
Bordered Youth: Analysing Citizenship And Identities In Post-Brexit Northern Ireland, Mark Holton, Suzanne Beech, Sara Mcdowell, Amy Reid
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
“Young people living in the North of Ireland are put into boxes which perhaps do not adequately represent their views and opinions – the Bordered Youth Project seeks to change that”.This project analyses how young people negotiate the complex and overlapping identities and citizenships produced by living in border regions. We are working with young people aged 18 to 24 living in Northern Ireland, using creative participatory methods to assess how their interpretations, imaginations and encounters with bordered spaces shape, or are shaped by, their everyday movements and cultural interactions. The question of citizenship in a Northern Irish context is …
Microplastic Transport And Deposition In A Beach-Dune System (Saunton Sands-Braunton Burrows, Southwest England), Rachael J. Anderson, Andrew Turner
Microplastic Transport And Deposition In A Beach-Dune System (Saunton Sands-Braunton Burrows, Southwest England), Rachael J. Anderson, Andrew Turner
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Although microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous contaminants that have been extensively studied in the marine setting, there remain gaps in our understanding of their transport and fate in the coastal zone. In this study, MPs isolated from surface sediments sampled from a large beach-dune complex in southwest England have been quantified and characterised. Concentrations above a detectable size limit of 30 to 50 μm ranged from about 40 to 560 MP kg−1 dry weight but, despite local sources of plastics such as an estuary and seasonal tourism, there were no significant differences in median concentrations between different orthogonal foreshore transects and …
Locked Out? Navigating The Geographies Of Precarity On Britain's Waterways, Agatha Herman, Richard Yarwood
Locked Out? Navigating The Geographies Of Precarity On Britain's Waterways, Agatha Herman, Richard Yarwood
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Motivations for living on the UK's waterways range from lifestyle to financial, but increasing numbers have been pushed aboard in response to current, and longstanding, cost-of-living and housing crises. However, while more affordable than living on land, our qualitative investigation reveals a diversity of practices and experiences of marginalisation on the waterways, drawing out the impacts of temporal and spatial fluidity to inform our understanding of precarity in a mobile world. The waterways are a contested and politicised space with diverse actors seeking to delineate legitimate practices and users. Liveaboard boaters practice residential subjectivities in what others designate as leisure …
Giant Offshore Pumice Deposit Records A Shallow Submarine Explosive Eruption Of Ancestral Santorini, T Druitt, S Kutterolf, T Ronge, C Hübscher, P Nomikou, J Preine, R Gertisser, J Karstens, J Keller, O Koukousioura, M Manga, A Metcalfe, M Mccanta, I Mcintosh, K Pank, A Woodhouse, S Beethe, C Berthod, S Chiyonobu, H Chen, A Clark, S Debari, R Johnston, A Peccia, Y Yamamoto, A Bernard, Perez T Fernandez, C Jones, Kb Joshi, G Kletetschka, X Li, A Morris, P Polymenakou, M Tominaga, D Papanikolaou
Giant Offshore Pumice Deposit Records A Shallow Submarine Explosive Eruption Of Ancestral Santorini, T Druitt, S Kutterolf, T Ronge, C Hübscher, P Nomikou, J Preine, R Gertisser, J Karstens, J Keller, O Koukousioura, M Manga, A Metcalfe, M Mccanta, I Mcintosh, K Pank, A Woodhouse, S Beethe, C Berthod, S Chiyonobu, H Chen, A Clark, S Debari, R Johnston, A Peccia, Y Yamamoto, A Bernard, Perez T Fernandez, C Jones, Kb Joshi, G Kletetschka, X Li, A Morris, P Polymenakou, M Tominaga, D Papanikolaou
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Large explosive volcanic eruptions from island arcs pour pyroclastic currents into marine basins, impacting ecosystems and generating tsunamis that threaten coastal communities and infrastructures. Risk assessments require robust records of such highly hazardous events, which is challenging as most of the products lie buried under the sea. Here we report the discovery by IODP Expedition 398 of a giant rhyolitic pumice deposit emplaced 520 ± 10 ky ago at water depths of 200 to 1000 m during a high-intensity, shallow submarine eruption of ancestral Santorini Volcano. Pyroclastic currents discharged into the sea transformed into turbidity currents and slurries, forming a …
Sea Ice-Ocean Coupling During Heinrich Stadials In The Atlantic–Arctic Gateway, Naima El Bani Altuna, Mohamed M. Ezat, Lukas Smik, Francesco Muschitiello, Simon T. Belt, Jochen Knies, Tine L. Rasmussen
Sea Ice-Ocean Coupling During Heinrich Stadials In The Atlantic–Arctic Gateway, Naima El Bani Altuna, Mohamed M. Ezat, Lukas Smik, Francesco Muschitiello, Simon T. Belt, Jochen Knies, Tine L. Rasmussen
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The variability of Arctic sea-ice during abrupt stadial-interstadial shifts in the last glacial period remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the millennial-scale relationship, with a focus on Heinrich Stadials (HS), between sea-ice cover and bottom water temperature (BWT) during Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3 and 2 (64–13 ka) in the Fram Strait using new molecular sea ice biomarker data and published benthic foraminiferal BWT records. Widespread spring sea-ice cover (SpSIC) dominated the studied interval, especially in mid-late MIS 3 (45–29 ka). Yet, warm interstadials were characterized by relatively more open-ocean conditions compared to cold stadials. At the transition between a …
Steeper Size Spectra With Decreasing Phytoplankton Biomass Indicate Strong Trophic Amplification And Future Fish Declines, Angus Atkinson, Axel G. Rossberg, Ursula Gaedke, Gary Sprules, Ryan F. Heneghan, Stratos Batziakas, Maria Grigoratou, Elaine Fileman, Katrin Schmidt, Constantin Frangoulis
Steeper Size Spectra With Decreasing Phytoplankton Biomass Indicate Strong Trophic Amplification And Future Fish Declines, Angus Atkinson, Axel G. Rossberg, Ursula Gaedke, Gary Sprules, Ryan F. Heneghan, Stratos Batziakas, Maria Grigoratou, Elaine Fileman, Katrin Schmidt, Constantin Frangoulis
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Under climate change, model ensembles suggest that declines in phytoplankton biomass amplify into greater reductions at higher trophic levels, with serious implications for fisheries and carbon storage. However, the extent and mechanisms of this trophic amplification vary greatly among models, and validation is problematic. In situ size spectra offer a novel alternative, comparing biomass of small and larger organisms to quantify the net efficiency of energy transfer through natural food webs that are already challenged with multiple climate change stressors. Our global compilation of pelagic size spectrum slopes supports trophic amplification empirically, independently from model simulations. Thus, even a modest …
Explosive Sequence Of La Soufrière St Vincent April 2021: Insights Into Drivers And Consequences Via Eruptive Products, Paul D. Cole, J. Barclay, R. E.A. Robertson, B. V. Davies, Sam Mitchell, R. Constantinescu, R. S.J. Sparks, W. Aspinall, A. Stinton
Explosive Sequence Of La Soufrière St Vincent April 2021: Insights Into Drivers And Consequences Via Eruptive Products, Paul D. Cole, J. Barclay, R. E.A. Robertson, B. V. Davies, Sam Mitchell, R. Constantinescu, R. S.J. Sparks, W. Aspinall, A. Stinton
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
This paper forensically reconstructs the timings, impacts and processes that drove the sequence of explosive eruptions of La Soufrière, St Vincent in April 2021 using a combination of field-based stratigraphy and textural dissection of the deposit character together with contemporary visual observations.Explosive activity on 9 April and early on 10 April involved destruction of almost all of the 2020/2021 lava dome, c. 60% of the 1979 dome and formation of a 600 m diameter crater by 2pm UTC on 10 April. Following the initial explosion, plumes rose to altitudes of c. 15 km and pyroclastic density currents (PDCs), formed by …
Contrasting Species-Specific Stress Response To Environmental Ph Determines The Fate Of Coccolithophores In Future Oceans, Nishant Chauhan, Craig J. Dedman, Chloë Baldreki, Adam A. Dowle, Tony R. Larson, Rosalind E.M. Rickaby
Contrasting Species-Specific Stress Response To Environmental Ph Determines The Fate Of Coccolithophores In Future Oceans, Nishant Chauhan, Craig J. Dedman, Chloë Baldreki, Adam A. Dowle, Tony R. Larson, Rosalind E.M. Rickaby
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Molecular mechanisms driving species-specific environmental sensitivity in coccolithophores are unclear but crucial in understanding species selection and adaptation to environmental change. This study examined proteomic and physiological changes in three species under varying pH conditions. We showed that changing pH drives intracellular oxidative stress and changes membrane potential. Upregulation in antioxidant, DNA repair and cell cycle-related protein-groups indicated oxidative damage across high (pH 8.8) and low pH (pH 7.6) compared to control pH (pH 8.2), and correlated with reduced growth rates. Upregulation of mitochondrial proteins suggested higher metabolite demand for restoring cellular homeostasis under pH-induced stress. Photosynthetic rates generally correlated …
Essential Omega‐3 Fatty Acids Are Depleted In Sea Ice And Pelagic Algae Of The Central Arctic Ocean, Katrin Schmidt, Martin Graeve, Clara J.M. Hoppe, S Torres‐Valdes, Nahid Welteke, Laura M. Whitmore, Philipp Anhaus, Angus Atkinson, Simon T. Belt, Tina Brenneis, Robert G. Campbell, Giulia Castellani, Louise A. Copeman, Hauke Flores, Allison A. Fong, Nicole Hildebrandt, Doreen Kohlbach, Jens M. Nielsen, Christopher C. Parrish, C Rad‐Menéndez, Sebastian D. Rokitta, Sandra Tippenhauer, Yanpei Zhuang
Essential Omega‐3 Fatty Acids Are Depleted In Sea Ice And Pelagic Algae Of The Central Arctic Ocean, Katrin Schmidt, Martin Graeve, Clara J.M. Hoppe, S Torres‐Valdes, Nahid Welteke, Laura M. Whitmore, Philipp Anhaus, Angus Atkinson, Simon T. Belt, Tina Brenneis, Robert G. Campbell, Giulia Castellani, Louise A. Copeman, Hauke Flores, Allison A. Fong, Nicole Hildebrandt, Doreen Kohlbach, Jens M. Nielsen, Christopher C. Parrish, C Rad‐Menéndez, Sebastian D. Rokitta, Sandra Tippenhauer, Yanpei Zhuang
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Microalgae are the main source of the omega‐3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), essential for the healthy development of most marine and terrestrial fauna including humans. Inverse correlations of algal EPA and DHA proportions (% of total fatty acids) with temperature have led to suggestions of a warming‐induced decline in the global production of these biomolecules and an enhanced importance of high latitude organisms for their provision. The cold Arctic Ocean is a potential hotspot of EPA and DHA production, but consequences of global warming are unknown. Here, we combine a full‐seasonal EPA and DHA dataset …
Production And Preservation Of Organic Carbon In Sub-Seafloor Tephra Layers, Jack Longman, Hayley R. Manners, Thomas M. Gernon, James Mcmanus, Martin R. Palmer, Steven J. Rowland, Paul A. Sutton
Production And Preservation Of Organic Carbon In Sub-Seafloor Tephra Layers, Jack Longman, Hayley R. Manners, Thomas M. Gernon, James Mcmanus, Martin R. Palmer, Steven J. Rowland, Paul A. Sutton
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The deposition of volcanic ash into the ocean initiates a range of chemical and biological reactions. During diagenesis, these reactions may enhance the preservation of organic carbon (OC) in marine sediments, which ultimately promotes CO2 sequestration from the ocean-atmosphere system. However, this interpretation is reliant on a small number of studies that make a link between tephra and OC burial. Here, we compare organic and inorganic geochemical data from tephra-bearing marine sediments from three sites that differ widely in their location, age, and composition. We show that OC is buried in, and proximal to, tephra layers, in proportions higher than …
Active Deformation Across The Western Anatolian Extensional Province (Türkiye) From Sentinel-1 Insar, Manuel-Lukas Diercks, Ekbal Hussain, Zoe Mildon, Sarah Boulton, Milan Lazecky
Active Deformation Across The Western Anatolian Extensional Province (Türkiye) From Sentinel-1 Insar, Manuel-Lukas Diercks, Ekbal Hussain, Zoe Mildon, Sarah Boulton, Milan Lazecky
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Quantifying interseismic deformation of fault networks which are predominantly deforming in a north-south direction is challenging, because GNSS networks are usually not dense enough to resolve deformation at the level of individual faults. The alternative, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), provides high spatial resolution but is limited by a low sensitivity to N-S motion. We study the active normal fault network of Western Türkiye, which is undergoing rapid N-S extension, using InSAR. Since most faults in the study region are normal faults, we overcome the low N-S sensitivity by focusing on the vertical deformation component, which presents its own challenges. …
Aquatic Connectivity: Challenges And Solutions In A Changing Climate, Paul A. Franklin, Tea Bašić, Phil I. Davison, Katie Dunkley, Jonathan Ellis, Mayuresh Gangal, Alexia M. González-Ferreras, Catherine Gutmann Roberts, Georgina Hunt, Domino Joyce, C. Antonia Klöcker, Rachel Mawer, Timo Rittweg, Velizara Stoilova, Lee Frank Gordon Gutowsky
Aquatic Connectivity: Challenges And Solutions In A Changing Climate, Paul A. Franklin, Tea Bašić, Phil I. Davison, Katie Dunkley, Jonathan Ellis, Mayuresh Gangal, Alexia M. González-Ferreras, Catherine Gutmann Roberts, Georgina Hunt, Domino Joyce, C. Antonia Klöcker, Rachel Mawer, Timo Rittweg, Velizara Stoilova, Lee Frank Gordon Gutowsky
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The challenge of managing aquatic connectivity in a changing climate is exacerbated in the presence of additional anthropogenic stressors, social factors, and economic drivers. Here we discuss these issues in the context of structural and functional connectivity for aquatic biodiversity, specifically fish, in both the freshwater and marine realms. We posit that adaptive management strategies that consider shifting baselines and the socio-ecological implications of climate change will be required to achieve management objectives. The role of renewable energy expansion, particularly hydropower, is critically examined for its impact on connectivity. We advocate for strategic spatial planning that incorporates nature-positive solutions, ensuring …
Optimisation Of Classification Methods To Differentiate Morphologically-Similar Pollen Grains From Ft-Ir Spectra, Laura Scoble, Simon J. Ussher, Mark F. Fitzsimons, Lauren Ansell, Matthew Craven, Ralph M. Fyfe
Optimisation Of Classification Methods To Differentiate Morphologically-Similar Pollen Grains From Ft-Ir Spectra, Laura Scoble, Simon J. Ussher, Mark F. Fitzsimons, Lauren Ansell, Matthew Craven, Ralph M. Fyfe
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
A growing body of research is demonstrating the potential of Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to identify and differentiate morphologically similar pollen taxa. The Poaceae (grass) family is a large and complex with morphologically similar pollen grains. It is not possible to use traditional light microscopy to differentiate Poaceae species, or genus, based on pollen morphological characteristics. This research presents a study of five species from the Poaceae family found across a wide variety of different moorland vegetation communities, to test the extent to which FT-IR microspectroscopy can be used to separate and identify these species and develop statistical approaches for …
Exposure To Air Pollution And Risk Of Respiratory Tract Infections In The Adult Danish Population—A Nationwide Study, Kathrine A. Kaspersen, Sussie Antonsen, Henriette T. Horsdal, Bertram Kjerulff, Jørgen Brandt, Camilla Geels, Jesper H. Christensen, Lise M. Frohn, Clive E. Sabel, Khoa M. Dinh, Ole Hertel, Torben Sigsgaard, Carsten B. Pedersen, Christian Erikstrup
Exposure To Air Pollution And Risk Of Respiratory Tract Infections In The Adult Danish Population—A Nationwide Study, Kathrine A. Kaspersen, Sussie Antonsen, Henriette T. Horsdal, Bertram Kjerulff, Jørgen Brandt, Camilla Geels, Jesper H. Christensen, Lise M. Frohn, Clive E. Sabel, Khoa M. Dinh, Ole Hertel, Torben Sigsgaard, Carsten B. Pedersen, Christian Erikstrup
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Objectives: The association between air pollution and risk of respiratory tract infection (RTI) in adults needs to be clarified in settings with low to moderate levels of air pollution. We investigated this in the Danish population between 2004 and 2016. Methods: We included 3 653 490 persons aged 18–64 years in a nested case-control study. Exposure was defined as the average daily concentration at the individual's residential address of CO, NOX, NO2, O3, SO2, NH3, PPM2.5, black carbon, organic carbon, mineral dust, sea salt, secondary inorganic aerosols, SO …
Impacts And Prospective Hazard Analysis Of Rainfall-Triggered Lahars On St. Vincent 2021–2022, Jeremy Phillips, Jenni Barclay, Paul Cole, Monique Johnson, Victoria Miller, Richard Robertson
Impacts And Prospective Hazard Analysis Of Rainfall-Triggered Lahars On St. Vincent 2021–2022, Jeremy Phillips, Jenni Barclay, Paul Cole, Monique Johnson, Victoria Miller, Richard Robertson
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Lahars are energetic flows of loosely consolidated volcanic debris and water, which have occurred frequently after rainfall events on St Vincent in the Eastern Caribbean since the April 2021 explosive phase of the 2020–21 eruption of La Soufrière volcano. Using scientific observations and information from social media, we have constructed a detailed timeline of the 25 lahar events that occurred during 2021, and summarized lahar impacts and losses. 20 mm daily rainfall on a river catchment is (and remains) sufficient to result in a lahar. We used this threshold, with field estimates of lahar volumes, to conduct both an island-wide …
High-Resolution Quantitative Vegetation Reconstruction In The North China Plain During The Early-To-Middle Holocene Using The Reveals Model, B Li, W Zhang, Ralph Fyfe, Baoshuo Fan, Sai Wang, Qinghai Xu, N Zhang, Guoqiang Ding, Jiaxing Yang, Y Li
High-Resolution Quantitative Vegetation Reconstruction In The North China Plain During The Early-To-Middle Holocene Using The Reveals Model, B Li, W Zhang, Ralph Fyfe, Baoshuo Fan, Sai Wang, Qinghai Xu, N Zhang, Guoqiang Ding, Jiaxing Yang, Y Li
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Understanding the process and pattern of vegetation succession during the early-to-middle Holocene can yield valuable information for better predicting future vegetation evolution. In this study, we investigated the humidity evolution pattern in the North China Plain (NCP) during the early-to-middle Holocene by employing principal component analysis on 93 fossil spectra. Furthermore, by integrating the Regional Estimates of Vegetation Abundance from Large Sites (REVEALS) model, we quantitatively reconstructed the process of vegetation succession and discussed vegetation response to climate change events. Our results indicate that the sample scores of the first principal component axis (PCA axis 1) exhibited a consistent negative …
The Impact Of Area-Level Socioeconomic Status In Childhood On Mental Health In Adolescence And Adulthood: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study In Aotearoa New Zealand, Bingyu Deng, Geraldine F.H. Mcleod, Joseph Boden, Clive E. Sabel, Malcolm Campbell, Phoebe Eggleton, Matthew Hobbs
The Impact Of Area-Level Socioeconomic Status In Childhood On Mental Health In Adolescence And Adulthood: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study In Aotearoa New Zealand, Bingyu Deng, Geraldine F.H. Mcleod, Joseph Boden, Clive E. Sabel, Malcolm Campbell, Phoebe Eggleton, Matthew Hobbs
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Mental health conditions pose a significant public health challenge, and low area-level socioeconomic status (SES) is a potentially important upstream determinant. Childhood exposure might have influences on later-life mental health. This study, utilises data from the Christchurch Health and Development Study birth cohort, examining the impact of area-level SES trajectories in childhood (from birth to age 16) on mental health at age 16 and from age 18–40 years. Findings revealed some associations between distinct SES trajectories and mental health. The study underscores the importance of using a spatial lifecourse epidemiology framework to understand long-term environmental impacts on later-life health.
Drone Imagery And Deep Learning For Mapping The Density Of Wild Pacific Oysters To Manage Their Expansion Into Protected Areas, Aser Mata, David Moffat, Sílvia Almeida, Marko Radeta, William Jay, Nigel Mortimer, Katie Awty-Carroll, Oliver Thomas, Vanda Brotas, Steve Groom
Drone Imagery And Deep Learning For Mapping The Density Of Wild Pacific Oysters To Manage Their Expansion Into Protected Areas, Aser Mata, David Moffat, Sílvia Almeida, Marko Radeta, William Jay, Nigel Mortimer, Katie Awty-Carroll, Oliver Thomas, Vanda Brotas, Steve Groom
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The recent expansion of wild Pacific oysters already had negative repercussions on sites in Europe and has raised further concerns over their potential harmful impact on the balance of biomes within protected areas. Monitoring their colonisation, especially at early stages, has become an urgent ecological issue. Current efforts to monitor wild Pacific oysters rely on “walk-over” surveys that are highly laborious and often limited to specific areas of easy access. Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS), commonly known as drones, can provide an effective tool for surveying complex terrains and detect Pacific oysters. This study provides a novel workflow for automated …
Suitability Of 210pbex, 137cs And 239+240pu As Soil Erosion Tracers In Western Kenya, Sophia M. Dowell, Olivier S. Humphrey, Charles J.B. Gowing, Thomas S. Barlow, Simon R. Chenery, Job Isaboke, William H. Blake, Odipo Osano, Michael J. Watts
Suitability Of 210pbex, 137cs And 239+240pu As Soil Erosion Tracers In Western Kenya, Sophia M. Dowell, Olivier S. Humphrey, Charles J.B. Gowing, Thomas S. Barlow, Simon R. Chenery, Job Isaboke, William H. Blake, Odipo Osano, Michael J. Watts
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Land degradation resulting from soil erosion is a global concern, with the greatest risk in developing countries where food and land resources can be limited. The use of fallout radionuclides (FRNs) is a proven method for determining short and medium-term rates of soil erosion, to help improve our understanding of soil erosion processes. There has been limited use of these methods in tropical Africa due to the analytical challenges associated with 137Cs, where inventories are an order of magnitude lower than in the Europe. This research aimed to demonstrate the usability of 239+240Pu as a soil erosion tracer in western …
Balancing Energy Transition: Assessing Decent Living Standards And Future Energy Demand In The Global South, Souran Chatterjee
Balancing Energy Transition: Assessing Decent Living Standards And Future Energy Demand In The Global South, Souran Chatterjee
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Achieving low energy demand in buildings is crucial in climate change mitigation. In the Global South, however, reducing the energy demand blanketly is not advisable due to critical gaps in access to the basic services supporting Decent Living Standards (DLS). Current energy demand scenarios mostly overlook achievement of DLS. Furthermore, model limitations in representing distributional aspects hinder modelling future energy demands to meet DLS. Supported by new evidence from a set of detailed sectoral and integrated assessment models, this research contributes to bridging this gap by exploring future trends in DLS achievement and linkages with energy demand in the Global …