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Meningococcal Meningitis Epidemic. A New Role For Single-Dose Oily Chloramphenicol, Asim A. Hussein
Meningococcal Meningitis Epidemic. A New Role For Single-Dose Oily Chloramphenicol, Asim A. Hussein
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To compare the orthodox use of 5 days crystalline penicillin and an alternate regime of single intramuscular injection of long acting oily chloramphenicol during the 1999 cerebrospinal meningitis epidemic that occurred in Abu Jubeha, South Kordofan, Sudan. METHODS: All 793 patients with meningococcal meningitis admitted to Abu Jubeha hospital in the eastern parts of South Kordofan State, were investigated. Through a quasi-experimental design some 140 patients were treated with crystalline penicillin for 5 days while the remaining majority, after the exhaustion of penicillin stocks, were put on single-dose intramascular injections of oily long-acting chloramphenicol. RESULTS: Males were slightly more …
Periductal Mastitis. Clinical Characteristics And Outcome, Fuad F. Ammari, Rami J. Yaghan, Abdel-Karim H. Omari
Periductal Mastitis. Clinical Characteristics And Outcome, Fuad F. Ammari, Rami J. Yaghan, Abdel-Karim H. Omari
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To review our experience with periductal mastitis and address the clinical characteristics, management and outcome. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out at Princess Basma Teaching Hosptal, Irbid, Jordan. Thirty-five patients with the diagnosis of periductal mastitis from the year 1994 through to 2000 were reviewed. Patients presenting with periareolar non-lactating inflammation, a periareolar inflammatory mass, abscess, mammary fistula, or nipple inversion were included in the study. RESULTS: The mean age was 33 years. Pain and pus nipple discharge were the most frequent symptoms. A periareolar mass, induration, mammary duct fistula, or nipple deformity were found in 49%, 43%, …
Growth Status Of Saudi Patients With Cleft Lip And Palate, Sahar F. Barakati, Eman A. Alkofide
Growth Status Of Saudi Patients With Cleft Lip And Palate, Sahar F. Barakati, Eman A. Alkofide
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine if the type of cleft had any influence on the growth achievement of the affected patients. METHODS: The height, weight and head circumference of 63 cleft patients attending the Orthodontic clinic at the College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between the year 2000-2001, were compared with each other according to the type of cleft present. In addition, a comparison was made between the height and weight of cleft subjects with that of the normal population. RESULTS: The most common type of cleft present was unilateral cleft …
The Fibular Incisura Of The Tibia With Recurrent Sprained Ankle On Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ayfer Mavi, Hanifi Yildirim, Hasan Gunes, Turan Pestamalci, Erdem Gumusburan
The Fibular Incisura Of The Tibia With Recurrent Sprained Ankle On Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ayfer Mavi, Hanifi Yildirim, Hasan Gunes, Turan Pestamalci, Erdem Gumusburan
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the fibular incisura of the tibia in type I and II recurrent sprained ankle. METHODS: A total of 18 limbs (9 right, 9 left) were examined for the fibular incisura of the tibia by magnetic resonance imaging at Gunmar Magnetic Resosnace Imagaing Center between September 2000 to May 2001. This group consisted of 10 males and 8 females and their age ranged between 18-61 years. The control group was made up of 75 participating volunteers without previous history of trauma in the ankle. RESULTS: The measurements of the length of the …
Rapidly Growing Mycobacterial Pulmonary Infection In Association With Severe Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Abdullah F. Al-Mobeireek
Rapidly Growing Mycobacterial Pulmonary Infection In Association With Severe Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Abdullah F. Al-Mobeireek
Saudi Medical Journal
Pulmonary infection due to rapidly growing mycobacteria (Runyan group IV) is uncommon and may be overlooked or misdiagnosed. Esophageal disorders have been recognized as a potential risk factor predisposing for this infection. A 35-year-old Sri Lankan patient, with severe gastroesophageal reflux disease and a hiatus hernia, contracted a pulmonary infection with Mycobacterium fortuitum-chelonae. He had severe airway obstruction and focal bronchiectasis, and responded to treatment with ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin. The case is reported to alert clinicians to the pathogenic potential of these organisms and to the prompt institution of appropriate chemotherapy once infection is recognized.
Protein C Deficiency. Biatrial Thrombus Presentation, Akram A. Saleh
Protein C Deficiency. Biatrial Thrombus Presentation, Akram A. Saleh
Saudi Medical Journal
Protein C deficiency is an inherited thrombophilia presented in adults with venous thrombosis at different sites. Symptomatic biatrial thrombus presentation of protein C deficiency has not, to my knowledge, been described. This report investigates a man with protein C deficiency who presented with dyspnea and recurrent attacks of dizziness associated with biatrial thrombus. Complete disappearance of the symptoms and thrombi was observed within less than 3 weeks of anticoagulation.
Salt Losing Nephropathy Simulating Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia In An Infant, Jameela A. Kari, Hussain A. Bamashmous, Abdulmoein E. Al-Agha, Hisham A. Mosli
Salt Losing Nephropathy Simulating Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia In An Infant, Jameela A. Kari, Hussain A. Bamashmous, Abdulmoein E. Al-Agha, Hisham A. Mosli
Saudi Medical Journal
Pseudo-hypoaldosteronism occurring predominately in male infants has been reported in association with a spectrum of urologic diseases including obstructive uropathy. This is thought to reflect tubule unresponsiveness to aldosterone. We report a case, which was misdiagnosed as a case of congenital adrenal hyperplasia and treated inappropriately with hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone for 12-months before he had a urinary tract infection and was discovered to have obstructive uropathy on ultrasound. He presented with vomiting, dehydration, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia and metabolic acidosis. His initial 17 hydroxyprogestrone was high. His electrolytes improved to normal after relieving the obstruction by vesicostomy and his treatment weaned slowly …
Spontaneous Rupture Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Faisal M. Al-Mashat, Abdulrahman M. Sibiany, Rashid H. Kashgari, Abdulraouf A. Maimani, Asim O. Al-Radi, Ibrahim A. Balawy
Spontaneous Rupture Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Faisal M. Al-Mashat, Abdulrahman M. Sibiany, Rashid H. Kashgari, Abdulraouf A. Maimani, Asim O. Al-Radi, Ibrahim A. Balawy
Saudi Medical Journal
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common malignancy among males and the 7th among female patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This is due to the endemicity of hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma is rare. We report 4 cases of spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma. Initial control of bleeding was achieved surgically in 3 patients and by embolization in the 4th patient. All patients had very good hepatic reserve as reflected by Child-Pough scoring (A & B). We found that the incidence of ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma among 85 patients was 4.7%. The prognosis of this …
Fungi That Grow On Formalin-Fixed Cadavers, Elsebai F. Hammad, Abbas A. Al-Janabi, Shadia A. Mohamed
Fungi That Grow On Formalin-Fixed Cadavers, Elsebai F. Hammad, Abbas A. Al-Janabi, Shadia A. Mohamed
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Antibiotic Resistance: The Need For Restriction Policies In Hospitals, Abimbola O. Osoba
Antibiotic Resistance: The Need For Restriction Policies In Hospitals, Abimbola O. Osoba
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Modern Aspects Of Continuous Medical Education, Ibrahim Mansoor
Modern Aspects Of Continuous Medical Education, Ibrahim Mansoor
Saudi Medical Journal
Continuous medical education represents the final and often most poorly understood stage of physician education. It is defined as any and all ways by which doctors learn after the formal completion of their training. While evidence-based medicine is defined as "the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions for the care of individual patients. The practice of evidence-based medicine means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research." The primary purpose of this article is to discuss the modern and technological aspects of continuing medical education and how it …
Pyoderma Among Hajj Pilgrims In Makkah, Mohamad I. Fatani, Syed Z. Bukhari, Khalid A. Al-Afif, Talal M. Karima, Magdy R. Abdulghani, Mohamad I. Al-Kaltham
Pyoderma Among Hajj Pilgrims In Makkah, Mohamad I. Fatani, Syed Z. Bukhari, Khalid A. Al-Afif, Talal M. Karima, Magdy R. Abdulghani, Mohamad I. Al-Kaltham
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: Bacterial skin infections have been considered as a possible health problem of the Hajj pilgrims. Significant increase in the rate of resistance to commonly used antibiotics against gram positive organisms has been observed. The present study was planned to obtain the microbiological profile of bacterial skin infections and their susceptibility to antimicrobials. METHODS: Pyodermas were investigated clinically and bacteriologically by a prospective study conducted on patients attending the dermatology clinic at the King Faisal Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during 2 Hajj periods (2000 - 2001). RESULTS: Of a total of 80 pyoderma patients, 52.5% were primary and …
Epidemiology Of Neonatal Meningitis In Qatar, Mahmoud F. El-Said, Mohammed S. Bessisso, Mohammad A. Janahi, Lina H. Habob, Sittana S. El-Shafie
Epidemiology Of Neonatal Meningitis In Qatar, Mahmoud F. El-Said, Mohammed S. Bessisso, Mohammad A. Janahi, Lina H. Habob, Sittana S. El-Shafie
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: Neonatal meningitis is responsible for thousands of neonatal deaths annually all over the world. Our study was conducted to determine the epidemiology, management and best preventive measures for neonatal meningitis in Qatar. METHODS: A retrospective study reviewed the records of bacterial meningitis patients under the age of one month. The study was carried out at Hamad Medical Hospital, the only hospital that provides health care at Qatar and the study period was between January 1998 to December 2000. RESULTS: Thirteen patients were included. Sixty percent of patients had early onset meningitis. Causative organisms were group B Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella …
Short And Long Term Complications Of Abdominal And Vaginal Hysterectomy For Benign Disease, Hanan M. Al-Kadri, Haifa A. Al-Turki, Ahmed M. Saleh
Short And Long Term Complications Of Abdominal And Vaginal Hysterectomy For Benign Disease, Hanan M. Al-Kadri, Haifa A. Al-Turki, Ahmed M. Saleh
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To describe the indications, short, intermediate and long term complications for total abdominal versus vaginal hysterectomy, in women with benign pelvic disease. METHODS: This study was carried out at King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Chart review was conducted from 1995 to 1999, for all patients who had hysterectomy for benign disease. We compared indications, short, intermediate and long term complications of total abdominal versus vaginal hysterectomy. A total of 108 patients who had hysterectomy were available for analysis. Group one consisted of patients who had total abdominal hysterectomy (N=82), and group 2 consisted of …
Comparison Of Maternal And Infant Outcomes Between Vacuum Extraction And Forceps Deliveries, Ratib A. Mesleh, Hussein M. Al-Sawadi, Ahmed M. Kurdi
Comparison Of Maternal And Infant Outcomes Between Vacuum Extraction And Forceps Deliveries, Ratib A. Mesleh, Hussein M. Al-Sawadi, Ahmed M. Kurdi
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the instrumental deliveries carried out at the Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the year 2000 and compare the outcome of ventouse and forceps deliveries. METHODS: A retrospective case note review of all instrumental deliveries, carried out at the Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh, during the year 2000. RESULTS: Three hundred and four vaginal deliveries, of whom 258 were ventouse and 46 were forceps deliveries, were assisted. Seventy percent of forceps deliveries were carried out in primigravida as compared to 49% of ventouse deliveries. Fetal distress was the indication in 81.4% of ventouse deliveries as …
Direct Coronary Artery Stenting Without Balloon Predilation, Waqar H. Ahmed
Direct Coronary Artery Stenting Without Balloon Predilation, Waqar H. Ahmed
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: Direct stenting of coronary stenosis without balloon predilation has shown to reduce the cost, the duration and the radiation exposure associated with the stenting of coronary artery stenosis. We sought to study the feasibility, safety and immediate learning curve of direct stenting in a Cardiac center in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: We prospectively studied 76 consecutive patients with coronary artery stenoses who underwent direct stenting without balloon predilation. This study was carried out at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, during the period January 2000 through to November 2001. Patients were selected by …
Insulin Enhances Amylase And Lipase Activity In The Pancreas Of Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats. An In Vivo Study, Adib A. Aughsteen, Faisal I. Mohammed
Insulin Enhances Amylase And Lipase Activity In The Pancreas Of Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats. An In Vivo Study, Adib A. Aughsteen, Faisal I. Mohammed
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the biochemical effect of in vivo insulin therapy on the amylase and lipase activities in the pancreatic acinar cells of streptozotocin-diabetic rats, and to detect any possible regeneration in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans using transmission electron microscopy. METHODS: Adult male albino Fischer-344 rats were divided into 3 groups, the first group received drug vehicle and served as controls, the 2nd group was made diabetic with a single intravenous dose of streptozotocin (75 mg/kg body weight), while the 3rd group was made diabetic as in its 2nd group but the rats were treated with …
The Effect Of Chewing Khat Leaves On Human Mood, Nageeb A. Hassan, Abdallah A. Gunaid, Fouad M. El-Khally, Iain M. Murray-Lyon
The Effect Of Chewing Khat Leaves On Human Mood, Nageeb A. Hassan, Abdallah A. Gunaid, Fouad M. El-Khally, Iain M. Murray-Lyon
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: Chewing fresh leaves of the Khat plant (Catha edulis), represents a widespread habit with a deep-rooted sociocultural tradition in Yemen. Khat is chewed for its central stimulant properties and to dispel feeling of fatigue and its use is believed to be associated with disturbance of mood. We studied the effect of chewing Khat leaves on human mood by using a standard questionnaire method, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana9a during the period January to June 2000. It comprised of 200 healthy volunteers, …
Placenta Percreta With Painless Uterine Rupture At The 2nd Trimester, Salah M. Baloul, Afaf R. Al-Sayali, Amer M. Basha, Nusrat J. Gangoo
Placenta Percreta With Painless Uterine Rupture At The 2nd Trimester, Salah M. Baloul, Afaf R. Al-Sayali, Amer M. Basha, Nusrat J. Gangoo
Saudi Medical Journal
A pregnant lady at 27 weeks and 2 days gestation with a known placenta previa major and a history of previous lower segment cesarean section had a sudden severe painless vaginal bleeding. At laparotomy a uterine rupture was noted, no hemoperitoneum found and placenta percreta was diagnosed. This is the first case reported in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, it is rare, only 3 cases of silent or asymptomatic uterine rupture secondary to placenta percreta were reported in the literature in the last 30-years. Non-invasive methods could help in the diagnosis or increase suspicion of placenta percreta, therefore, proper management …
Pilonidal Sinus In Males: To Preserve Or To Obliterate The Natal Cleft, Abdulrahman S. Al-Mulhim, Mohammed A. Sultan, Hamdoun H. Ahmed
Pilonidal Sinus In Males: To Preserve Or To Obliterate The Natal Cleft, Abdulrahman S. Al-Mulhim, Mohammed A. Sultan, Hamdoun H. Ahmed
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
The Abo Blood Groups And Rh Phenotypes In Eastern Saudi Arabia And Bahrain, Fayek Al Hilli, Layla Bashawri
The Abo Blood Groups And Rh Phenotypes In Eastern Saudi Arabia And Bahrain, Fayek Al Hilli, Layla Bashawri
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Early Diagnosis And Interventional Therapy In Cerebral Palsy, Mohammed M. Jan
Early Diagnosis And Interventional Therapy In Cerebral Palsy, Mohammed M. Jan
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
A Comparison Between The Effects Of Diltiazem And Isosorbide Dinitrate On Digoxin Pharmacodynamics And Kinetics In The Treatment Of Patients With Chronic Ischemic Heart Failure, Afaf A. Mahgoub, Azza H. El-Medany, Ahmed S. Abdulatif
A Comparison Between The Effects Of Diltiazem And Isosorbide Dinitrate On Digoxin Pharmacodynamics And Kinetics In The Treatment Of Patients With Chronic Ischemic Heart Failure, Afaf A. Mahgoub, Azza H. El-Medany, Ahmed S. Abdulatif
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of an arteriolar dilator (diltiazem hydrochloride) versus a venodilator (isosorbide dinitrate) on digoxin kinetics and to estimate the efficacy and tolerability of these vasodilators when combined with digoxin for 10 days therapy in patients with congestive heart failure secondary to ischemic heart disease. METHODS: A double blind randomized cross over study was carried out to investigate the effect of an arteriolar dilator (diltiazem hydrochloride 180 mg/day orally) versus a venodilator (isosorbide dinitrate 30 mg/day orally) on digoxin kinetics (0.25 mg/day orally), after 10 days therapy in patients with heart failure due to ischemic heart disease. …
Thyroid Disease And Pregnancy, Omar M. Malkawi
Thyroid Disease And Pregnancy, Omar M. Malkawi
Saudi Medical Journal
Several important issues must be considered when thyroid disorders occur during pregnancy. These include establishing the diagnosis (including an understanding of the effect of pregnancy and its hormonal changes on the immune system in general and the thyroid function in particular) treatment and uneventful maternal and neonatal outcome. The evaluation and treatment of women with thyroid disease during pregnancy parallels that of nonpregnant women and men, but presents unique problems. In addition some types of thyroid disorders occur only during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Pregnancy complicated by some thyroid disorders is associated with an increased rate of complications to …
Job Satisfaction Of Nurses In Ministry Of Health Hospitals In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Hanan A. Al-Ahmadi
Job Satisfaction Of Nurses In Ministry Of Health Hospitals In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Hanan A. Al-Ahmadi
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To examine the magnitude and determinants of job satisfaction in nurses working in Ministry of Health hospitals Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A modified version of the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire is used to survey 500 nurses in 9 Ministry of Health hospitals in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Three hundred and sixty six nurses from different nationalities responded to the questionnaire (response rate 73%). Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, t-tests, one way-analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. RESULTS: Overall job satisfaction was found to be moderate. The most important determinants of job satisfaction are: …
Are Women At An Increased Risk Of Gestational Thyrotoxicosis?, Hassan A. Nasrat, Abdulrahim A. Rouzi, Bader E. Mustafa
Are Women At An Increased Risk Of Gestational Thyrotoxicosis?, Hassan A. Nasrat, Abdulrahim A. Rouzi, Bader E. Mustafa
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relative importance of thyroid hormones and human chorionic gonadotropin in relation to the risk of gestational thyrotoxicosis in Saudi women living in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on Saudi healthy pregnant women (N=406) at 12-15 weeks of gestation and compared with healthy non-pregnant controls (N=200). Maternal serum levels of free thyroxine free triiodothyronine, thyrotropin, human chorionic gonadotropin and free b-human chorionic gonadotropin together with urinary iodine excretion were determined. Analysis of variance was used to examine differences among the groups for different variables and the Bonferroni criterion was used when …
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation And Massive Obstetric Hemorrhage. Management Dilemma, Lulu A. Al-Nuaim, Mohamed S. Mustafa
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation And Massive Obstetric Hemorrhage. Management Dilemma, Lulu A. Al-Nuaim, Mohamed S. Mustafa
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this retrospective study is to reflect on our experience on an optimal management for major postpartum hemorrhage, which would prevent the occurrence and complications of disseminated intravascular coagulation and minimize maternal mortality and morbidity. METHODS: Ten cases out of the 30,000 of total deliveries of severe obstetric hemorrhage associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation were studied. This study was carried out over a 7 year period, October 1988 through to September 1995, at the Obstetric Unit, King Khalid University Teaching Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. RESULTS: All of the 10 women received packed red blood cells, …
Restorative Proctocolectomy With Ileal Reservoir, Maad M. Rahman, Maytham H. Shihed
Restorative Proctocolectomy With Ileal Reservoir, Maad M. Rahman, Maytham H. Shihed
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: Restoractive proctocolectomy with ileal reservoir is a procedure that eliminates mucosal disease of the colon and rectum yet it preserves fecal continence. It has become the operation of choice for most patients with chronic ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis. METHODS: The study was carried out at Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq, during the period January 1988 through to January 2001, we carried out 30 cases of restoractive proctocolectomy with ileal reservoir. At the beginning we used the S pouch (3 cases), then the J pouch (8 cases), finally we shifted to the extended J pouch (19 …
Rate And Risk Factors Of Surgical Site Infections With Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Yahia A. Raja'a, Aisha R. Salam, Yahia A. Salih, Mosleh S. Salman, Lyla S. Al-Baseer, Najib A. Al-Kirshi, Najib S. Al-Jalal
Rate And Risk Factors Of Surgical Site Infections With Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Yahia A. Raja'a, Aisha R. Salam, Yahia A. Salih, Mosleh S. Salman, Lyla S. Al-Baseer, Najib A. Al-Kirshi, Najib S. Al-Jalal
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed at determining the incidence of surgical site infections, with antibiotic use. Furthermore, to correlate infection with type of operations, length of intervention, number of stitches, pre-operative hospitalization, age and sex of the patient. METHODS: All Yemeni patients (N=601) who underwent surgical intervention, with preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, at Al-Kuwait University Hospital, Sana9a, Republic of Yemen, during 1st August 2000 through to 30th November 2000 were followed up until stitch removal or discharge. Data was registered in a spreadsheet and processed statistically by statistical package for social sciences 10.0. RESULTS: Overall incidence of surgical site infections was …
Treatment Of Thoracolumbar Fractures, Awad A. El-Awad, Walid Othman, Khalaf R. Al-Moutaery
Treatment Of Thoracolumbar Fractures, Awad A. El-Awad, Walid Othman, Khalaf R. Al-Moutaery
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To study the outcome of patients with thoracolumbar fracture treated surgically or conservatively at the Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between the year 1989 through to 1999. METHODS: The medical and surgical record of all patients diagnosed as having thoracolumbar fracture (thoracic 10-lumbar 12) between the years 1989 to 1999 were reviewed. The parameter studies included the personal patient data, type of fracture, mechanism and cause of injury and neurological affection. For the outcome, the method of treatment and recovery from neurological deficit, return to pre-injury activity and work as well as complications were noted. RESULTS: …