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Uterine Neoplasm Resembling An Ovarian Sex Cord Tumor, Sarah Kuruvila, Dushyanti Samarasinghe, Sosamma Thomas
Uterine Neoplasm Resembling An Ovarian Sex Cord Tumor, Sarah Kuruvila, Dushyanti Samarasinghe, Sosamma Thomas
Saudi Medical Journal
Uterine neoplasm resembling an ovarian sex cord tumor is a rare neoplasm. Patients are generally of reproductive age, although a few may be perimenopausal or post menopausal. This neoplasm produces abnormal vaginal bleeding and uterine enlargement, suggesting leiomyoma or polyps. Based on the histology and clinical outcome, this tumor can be classified into 2 groups, namely one with focal areas resembling sex cord elements with a tendency to recur or metastasize and another with exclusive sex cord elements which runs a benign course. Immunohistochemical stains of the sex cord elements may show positively for vimentin, cytokeratin, actin and desmin in …
Donor Lymphocyte Infusion. An Adaptive Cellular Immunotherapy For Treatment Of Hematological Malignancies, Tarek M. Owaidah
Donor Lymphocyte Infusion. An Adaptive Cellular Immunotherapy For Treatment Of Hematological Malignancies, Tarek M. Owaidah
Saudi Medical Journal
The application of immunotherapy in the treatment of hematological malignancies is relatively new. Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is a form of adaptive cellular therapy where the transfer of cells from immunocompetent donor to patient with cancer who relapsed after bone marrow transplantation results in destruction of the malignant cells. Hereby, we review the concepts, mechanisms, and results of the application of DLI in treatment of some hematological malignancies.
Immunohistochemical And Morphometric Study Of The Development Of Fetal And Newborn Rat Pancreatic Islets, Mohammed H. Badawoud
Immunohistochemical And Morphometric Study Of The Development Of Fetal And Newborn Rat Pancreatic Islets, Mohammed H. Badawoud
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to perform a detailed morphometric immunohistochemical study of the development of fetal and newborn rat pancreatic islets. METHODS: Twenty-four pancreases were obtained from 19 and 21-day-old fetal rats, one and 4-day-old newborn rats. They were fixed in buffered neutral formalin, dehydrated and embedded in paraplast. Sections were stained with anti-insulin antibodies. A morphometric study was performed on the pancreatic islets at the Department of Anatomy, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between 2001 and 2002. RESULTS: The volume density of B cells showed a gradual increase during the last days of …
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy. Incidence And Risk Factors In North Western Saudi Arabia, Bashir A. Itoo, Zakaria M. Al-Hawsawi, Anwar H. Khan
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy. Incidence And Risk Factors In North Western Saudi Arabia, Bashir A. Itoo, Zakaria M. Al-Hawsawi, Anwar H. Khan
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To find the incidence, early outcome and the associated risk factors of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) in Madina Al-Munawara, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and compare it with other centers. Also, to find out whether any of these risk factors are preventable. METHODS: We conducted a case controlled study of HIE in Madina Maternity and Children9s Hospital, Madina Al-Munawara, KSA over a one-year-period, from June 1995 to May 1996. All the inborn term babies without major congenital malformations that developed HIE were included in the study. A term baby born next to the index case was taken as a control …
Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Genital Prolapse. A Multicenter Study, Salah M. Mawajdeh, Raeda J. Al-Qutob, Abdul M. Farag
Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Genital Prolapse. A Multicenter Study, Salah M. Mawajdeh, Raeda J. Al-Qutob, Abdul M. Farag
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to describe the prevalence of genetal prolapse and its risk factors in semi urban and rural communities. We ultimately hope to heighten the attention of providers of care and program managers to the high prevalence of genital prolapse despite the presumed improved access to care, availability of well-trained staff and high rates of hospital deliveries. METHODS: This study was carried out in Giza, Egypt and Ein El-Basha, Jordan in 1997. Presence or absence of genital prolapse was assessed using well-trained physicians who performed full clinical assessment including vaginal examination. RESULTS: The study results …
How Common Is Back Pain In Al-Qaseem Region, Abdurhman S. Al-Arfaj, Salman S. Al-Saleh, Suliman R. Alballa, Abdullah N. Al-Dalaan, Sultan A. Bahabri, Mohammed A. Al-Sekeit, Mohammed A. Mousa
How Common Is Back Pain In Al-Qaseem Region, Abdurhman S. Al-Arfaj, Salman S. Al-Saleh, Suliman R. Alballa, Abdullah N. Al-Dalaan, Sultan A. Bahabri, Mohammed A. Al-Sekeit, Mohammed A. Mousa
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of back pain in the adult population of Al-Qaseem Central Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and to find associated features and factors. METHODS: A house-to-house survey covering 1,000 household in the towns and villages of Al-Qaseem province was carried out over a period of 18 months extending from September 1993 until the end of February 1995. A total of 5,894 adults, aged 16 years and above, were questioned by trained staff regarding back pain, and the demographic data in addition to general, medical and social history. RESULTS: A response …
Clinical Spectrum Of Primary Hyperparathyroidism, Nidal A. Younes, Imad S. Al-Trawneh, Nader M. Albesoul, Bassem R. Hamdan, Ahmad S. Sroujieh
Clinical Spectrum Of Primary Hyperparathyroidism, Nidal A. Younes, Imad S. Al-Trawneh, Nader M. Albesoul, Bassem R. Hamdan, Ahmad S. Sroujieh
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: Primary hyperparathyroidism (1HPT) is now being diagnosed with increasing frequency. Simultaneously there has been an apparent change in the presentation of the disease and indications for surgery. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical presentation, indications for surgery, and outcomes of neck explorations for primary hyperparathyroidism. METHODS: This study was carried out over a 12 year period, January 1990 to April 2002 at Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan. Information on the indications, procedure performed, pathology and complications of all neck explorations for 1HPT was obtained from a retrospective thyroid/parathyroid surgical database. A minimum of 12 months …
Clinical Spectrum Of Swyer-James-Macleod Syndrome In Adults, Abdullah A. Abba, Abdullah F. Al-Mobeireek
Clinical Spectrum Of Swyer-James-Macleod Syndrome In Adults, Abdullah A. Abba, Abdullah F. Al-Mobeireek
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to describe the clinical and imaging features of Swyer-James-Macleod syndrome (SJMS) in 9 adults. METHODS: We reviewed the charts of 9 patients diagnosed with SJMS at the King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia over a 10 year period. RESULTS: The patients mean age was 38.1 years; males were more affected than females (7:2). Seven of the patients had symptoms referable to the chest and a similar number had compatible abnormalities on physical examination. The left lung was involved in all cases. Bronchiectasis was present in 7 (77.8%). Eight patients who …
Penetrating And Blunt Diaphragmatic Injuries, Najeeb S. Jabbo
Penetrating And Blunt Diaphragmatic Injuries, Najeeb S. Jabbo
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to analyze the ruptured diaphragm retrospectively in regard to mechanism of injury, diagnosis and treatment; and to discuss the difficulties in their diagnosis. METHODS: Thirty patients were included in the study and the study was carried out at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, over a 9 year period (1992-2001). Their demographic data, diagnosis and treatment were recorded. RESULTS: Twenty-one patient had civilian penetrating injuries, while 9 suffered blunt trauma. Young males were the predominant victims. Three cases of the blunt trauma group had a delayed diagnosis, (2 after repeated chest radiography and one …
Percutaneous Versus Open Epiphysiodesis, Adnan G. Alzahrani, Yaser M. Behairy, Mohammad H. Alhossan, Faisal S. Arab, Abdulaziz A. Alammari
Percutaneous Versus Open Epiphysiodesis, Adnan G. Alzahrani, Yaser M. Behairy, Mohammad H. Alhossan, Faisal S. Arab, Abdulaziz A. Alammari
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: Epiphysiodesis is used for the treatment of leg-length discrepancy in skeletally immature patients. Phemister described an open technique that requires surgical dissection with potential morbidity. Recently, minimally invasive approaches that utilize intraoperative fluoroscopy have been introduced. The aim of this study is to compare our experience using the open and the minimally invasive percutaneous techniques. METHODS: A prospective follow-up of 87 consecutive patients undergoing epiphysiodesis for correction of post traumatic leg-length discrepancy using either the open or the percutaneous technique at the Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between January 1993 and December 2000. RESULTS: Out of …
Osteochondroma Of The Mandibular Condyle, Ravikiran Ongole, Rajeev S. Pillai, Auswaf K. Ahsan, Keerthilatha M. Pai
Osteochondroma Of The Mandibular Condyle, Ravikiran Ongole, Rajeev S. Pillai, Auswaf K. Ahsan, Keerthilatha M. Pai
Saudi Medical Journal
Osteochondroma is one of the most common benign tumors of the axial skeleton, but is rarely found in the facial bones. When present, the tumor is most often reported to affect the mandibular coronoid process. Osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle is extremely rare. A case is presented of a massive osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle leading to facial asymmetry and disturbed occlusion. The diagnosis was confirmed by radiological and histological examination.
Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhages And Hemorrhagic Pleural Effusion After Thrombolytic Therapy With Streptokinase For Acute Myocardial Infarction, Muhammad Ayyub, Shahid Barlas, Mohammad Iqbal, Samira M. Khurshid
Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhages And Hemorrhagic Pleural Effusion After Thrombolytic Therapy With Streptokinase For Acute Myocardial Infarction, Muhammad Ayyub, Shahid Barlas, Mohammad Iqbal, Samira M. Khurshid
Saudi Medical Journal
Thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase is commonly used in acute myocardial infarction and has markedly reduced morbidity and mortality from this condition. However, it can cause various hemorrhagic and immunological complications.We report a patient who developed diffuse pulmonary hemorrhages and bilateral hemorrhagic pleural effusion after thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction. This was recognized by a drop of hematocrit, pulmonary infiltrates, hemorrhagic pleural effusion and hypoxemia. The diagnosis was confirmed by demonstration of iron-laden macrophages (siderophages) in bronchoalveolar lavage. The patient required mechanical ventilation and recovered successfully. This combination of pulmonary hemorrhages and hemorrhagic pleural effusion following streptokinase therapy …
The Penile Support. A New Method For The Treatment Of Impotence (Erectile Dysfunction), Ahmed N. Al-Maleky
The Penile Support. A New Method For The Treatment Of Impotence (Erectile Dysfunction), Ahmed N. Al-Maleky
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
A Guide To Asperger Syndrome, Abdullah Al-Hathloul
A Guide To Asperger Syndrome, Abdullah Al-Hathloul
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Improving Resource Utilization In The Intensive Care Units. A Challenge For Saudi Hospitals, Yaseen Arabi, Abdullah Al-Shimemeri
Improving Resource Utilization In The Intensive Care Units. A Challenge For Saudi Hospitals, Yaseen Arabi, Abdullah Al-Shimemeri
Saudi Medical Journal
In the face of increasing demand of intensive care services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as well as the high cost of delivering such services, systematic steps must be undertaken in order to ensure optional utilization and fair allocation of resources. Strategies start prior to intensive care units (ICU) admission by the proper selection of patients who are likely to benefit from ICU. Less resource-demanding alternatives, such as intermediate care units, should be used for low-risk patients. Do-not-resuscitate status in patients with no meaningful chance of recovery will prevent futile admissions to ICUs. Measures known to improve the efficiency …
Eye Diseases In Children In Southern Jordan, Jamal F. Maaita, Linna F. Sunna, Mousa V. Al-Madani, Suhair M. Horrani
Eye Diseases In Children In Southern Jordan, Jamal F. Maaita, Linna F. Sunna, Mousa V. Al-Madani, Suhair M. Horrani
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of refractive errors and certain eye diseases in children in southern Jordan. METHODS: In the period between May 2001 and April 2002, 1725 patients (6-14 years of age) visiting the Pediatric Clinics in Prince Ali Hospital, Jordan for non ophthalmologic complaints were tested by a pediatrician for their visual acuity (VA) using a Snellen9s E-chart. Patients with suspected eye abnormalities and those with VA of <6/12 were referred for further detailed eye examination. RESULTS: Twelve patients had bilateral VA of <6/12, and an additional 5 patients had unilateral VA of <6/12. Strabismus was seen in 9 patients (0.5%), and amblyopia in 5 patients (0.3%). Vernal keratoconjunctivitis was seen in 26 patients (1.5%). CONCLUSION: It is important to conduct a large study, perhaps a multicenter study to evaluate the eye diseases in developing countries.
Early Presentation Of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis In Arab Children, Jameela A. Kari
Early Presentation Of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis In Arab Children, Jameela A. Kari
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: Idiopathic membranoproliferative glomer-ulonephritis (MPGN) is a relatively uncommon cause of progressive renal disease characterized by immune complex deposition resulting in mesangial proliferation and endocapillary inflammation with capillary wall thickening. It has a variable clinical expression and usually thought of as a disease of older children and young adults. In this study we report the spectrum of MPGN in Arab children. METHODS: Eight Arab patients with MPGN type I and type II were described and studied retrospectively. This study was carried out at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during a 6 year period, 1996-2002. RESULTS: Their …
Cryptorchidism And Testicular Neoplasia, Kamal E. Bani-Hani, Yousef S. Matani, Ibrahim H. Bani-Hani
Cryptorchidism And Testicular Neoplasia, Kamal E. Bani-Hani, Yousef S. Matani, Ibrahim H. Bani-Hani
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: Traditionally there is a concern about the possibility of developing testicular tumors as a consequence of undescended testis. This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between testicular tumors and undescended testis. METHODS: Medical records of all patients with testicular germ cell cancer were seen and examined at the Princess Basma Teaching Hospital, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, between 1990 and 2000 (group 1) for any evidence of undescended testis. All males with undescended testis attending the infertility clinic during the period 1999-2001 (group 2) were re-evaluated for any evidence of testicular tumors. The operative records …
Estrogen Receptors In Human Thyroid Gland. An Immunohistochemical Study, Shoukat A. Arain, Munawar H. Shah, Sultan A. Meo, Qamar Jamal
Estrogen Receptors In Human Thyroid Gland. An Immunohistochemical Study, Shoukat A. Arain, Munawar H. Shah, Sultan A. Meo, Qamar Jamal
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: Thyroid diseases affect women approximately 3 times more frequently than men. It has been suggested that the female sex steroids stimulate thyroid growth such as in the breast. Seventeen beta-estradiol, the major estrogen in the body acts via estrogen receptors (ER) present in the nucleus of the cell. The aim of the study is to determine the ER status in the thyroid gland tissues. METHODS: Our study was based on immunohistochemical staining for ER. Fifty previously diagnosed cases of various thyroid lesions were selected from the Surgical Pathology Records of Pathology Department, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical …
Effects Of Low Fat And Low Calorie Diet On Plasma Lipid Levels In The Fasting Month Of Ramadan, Abbas Afrasiabi, Susan Hassanzadeh, Reza Sattarivand, Mohamad Nouri, Soltanali Mahbood
Effects Of Low Fat And Low Calorie Diet On Plasma Lipid Levels In The Fasting Month Of Ramadan, Abbas Afrasiabi, Susan Hassanzadeh, Reza Sattarivand, Mohamad Nouri, Soltanali Mahbood
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: In Ramadan, which is one month of the Hijra year, Muslims change their eating habits from 3 times to 2 times daily. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fasting with low fat and low calorie diet on anthropometric parameters and plasma lipid profiles in hyperlipidemic men during the month of Ramadan. METHODS: This study was carried out at the Madani Heart Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran during the year of 1997. Twenty-eight hyperlipidemic healthy men in a fasting group and 10 healthy men with top normal lipid levels in a non-fasting …
Anemia Among Adolescents, Shatha S. Al-Sharbatti, Nada J. Al-Ward, Dhia J. Al-Timimi
Anemia Among Adolescents, Shatha S. Al-Sharbatti, Nada J. Al-Ward, Dhia J. Al-Timimi
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of anemia in a group of apparently healthy school adolescents selected from 2 distinct socio-economic areas (SEAs) in Baghdad; and to assess the importance of diet and some other factors which could be relevant in the epidemiology of anemia in adolescents. METHODS: A random sample of 1051 adolescents were included in the present study, 46% of them (487 adolescents) were from Al-Mansoor area for high socio-economic area (HSEA) and 54% of them (564 adolescents) were from Al-Horya area for low socio-economic area (LSEA) in Baghdad, Iraq. Collection of data was carried out during the period …
Laparoscopic Management Of Non-Communicating Rudimentary Horn In A Dysmenorrheic And Infertile Patient, Ahmed M. Saleh, Safiah F. Sultan, Hussain M. Al-Jawad, Sahar D. Al-Ghazali, Nashmia J. Al-Shalahi
Laparoscopic Management Of Non-Communicating Rudimentary Horn In A Dysmenorrheic And Infertile Patient, Ahmed M. Saleh, Safiah F. Sultan, Hussain M. Al-Jawad, Sahar D. Al-Ghazali, Nashmia J. Al-Shalahi
Saudi Medical Journal
A case of laparoscopic excision of non-communicating rudimentary horn. The anatomical features of this case were unique. A 19-year-old nulligravida presented with severe dysmenorrhea and primary infertility. Hysterosalpingogram revealed a left uterine horn that had a solitary patent tube. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a left unicornuate uterus continuous with the cervix and the vagina, and a rudimentary right uterine horn. This confirmed the diagnosis of non-communicating cavitated right rudimentary horn. At laparoscopy the patient had stage III endometriosis, and non-communicating right rudimentary horn, which was attached to the unicornuate uterus by a long fibrous band. The rudimentary horn was freed …
Sickle Cell Hemoglobin C Disease In Saudi Arabia, Zakaria M. Al-Hawsawi, Mohammed S. Islam, Nabil S. Shehata
Sickle Cell Hemoglobin C Disease In Saudi Arabia, Zakaria M. Al-Hawsawi, Mohammed S. Islam, Nabil S. Shehata
Saudi Medical Journal
Sickle cell hemoglobin C (HbSC) is a disease confined to people of West African ancestry and it has not been reported in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). We are reporting 2 patients with HbSC disease from the western province of KSA (Madinah); one patient presented with severe form of the disease which include transient hypertension.
An Upsurge Of New Cases Of Kaposi's Sarcoma In Iraqi Patients, Makram Al-Waiz, Khalifa E. Sharquie, Ghannam A. Al-Hamdani
An Upsurge Of New Cases Of Kaposi's Sarcoma In Iraqi Patients, Makram Al-Waiz, Khalifa E. Sharquie, Ghannam A. Al-Hamdani
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Total Endoscopic Management Of Complicated Urinary Stone Disease, Mohd S. Ansari, Monish Aron
Total Endoscopic Management Of Complicated Urinary Stone Disease, Mohd S. Ansari, Monish Aron
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Spironolactone Responsive Familial Hypertension. A Potentially High Prevalence Of Mineralocorticoid Disease In Oman, Nicholas J. Woodhouse, Omiema T. Elshafie, Ali Mehar, W. J. Johnston, Juma M. Al-Kaabi
Spironolactone Responsive Familial Hypertension. A Potentially High Prevalence Of Mineralocorticoid Disease In Oman, Nicholas J. Woodhouse, Omiema T. Elshafie, Ali Mehar, W. J. Johnston, Juma M. Al-Kaabi
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Restorative Proctocolectomy With Ileal Reservoir, Alaa S. Abduljabbar
Restorative Proctocolectomy With Ileal Reservoir, Alaa S. Abduljabbar
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Detection, Staging And Clinical Implications Of Renal Cell Carcinoma, Ibrahim F. Ghalayini, Ibrahim H. Bani-Hani
Detection, Staging And Clinical Implications Of Renal Cell Carcinoma, Ibrahim F. Ghalayini, Ibrahim H. Bani-Hani
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To compare the epidemiologic, clinical, and pathologic characteristics of symptomatic and incidental renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in Jordan, with some emphasis on age distribution and its potential effect in defining groups of patients that may benefit from early detection programs. We compared our results with the published western figures. METHODS: Records of 119 patients with renal tumors diagnosed during the period January 1992 to December 2001 at Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan were reviewed. Age, gender, discovery circumstances of the tumor, radiologic and biologic workup, treatment, tumor node metastasis classification, and histologic features of the tumor …
Effects Of Ramadan Fasting On Serum Lipid Profiles On 2 Hyperlipidemic Groups With Or Without Diet Pattern, Abbas Afrasiabi, Susan Hassanzadeh, Reza Sattarivand, Soltanali Mahboob
Effects Of Ramadan Fasting On Serum Lipid Profiles On 2 Hyperlipidemic Groups With Or Without Diet Pattern, Abbas Afrasiabi, Susan Hassanzadeh, Reza Sattarivand, Soltanali Mahboob
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: The effects of Ramadan fasting, with low fat and low calorie diet, on blood lipid and lipoprotein levels were studied. Results revealed reduction of plasma lipid levels and anthropometric parameters in the hyperlipidemic cases. To find out whether such reductions were due to nutritional diet or Ramadan fasting, we conducted a study to evaluate effects of Ramadan fasting on 2 separate hyperlipidemic groups with or without nutritional diet regimen. METHODS: This study was carried out at Madani Heart Hospital, Tabriz, Iran, during the year 1998. Thirty-eight hyperlipidemic healthy men voluntarily enrolled into 2 groups, group I, 22 men on …
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infections Among Yemeni School Pupils In Relation To Environmental Conditions, Talal A. Sallam, Yahia A. Raja'a, Tawfeek K. Al-Zubiery, Khaled S. Al-Shaibani, Adil A. Al-Shamiri, Hameed S. Thobala, Ahmed S. Marett, Abdullah A. Al-Abbasy, Mohammed A. Alqubati
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infections Among Yemeni School Pupils In Relation To Environmental Conditions, Talal A. Sallam, Yahia A. Raja'a, Tawfeek K. Al-Zubiery, Khaled S. Al-Shaibani, Adil A. Al-Shamiri, Hameed S. Thobala, Ahmed S. Marett, Abdullah A. Al-Abbasy, Mohammed A. Alqubati
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed at establishing the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infections among school pupils in Sana9a, Republic of Yemen, and to explore the association of infection with environmental and social factors. METHODS: A total of 787 school children, 529 boys and 258 girls, were randomly selected for enrollment in this study. Four hundred and twenty-nine were from 4 schools in Sana9a city, and 358 from 3 rural schools around Sana9a, Republic of Yemen. Questionnaire forms were filled in for each child to investigate environmental and social factors. Sera were tested for anti Chlamydia trachomatis IgG antibodies using enzyme-linked …