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Palm Vitamin E And Glucosamine Sulphate In The Treatment Of Osteoarthritis Of The Knee, Norhazla M. Haflah, Kamsiah Jaarin, Suhail Abdullah, Masbah Omar
Palm Vitamin E And Glucosamine Sulphate In The Treatment Of Osteoarthritis Of The Knee, Norhazla M. Haflah, Kamsiah Jaarin, Suhail Abdullah, Masbah Omar
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of oral palm vitamin E in reducing symptoms of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee compared to oral glucosamine sulphate. METHODS: This open study was carried out at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia between March 2006 and November 2007. Seventy-nine patients were recruited to receive either 1.5g oral glucosamine sulphate or 400mg oral palm vitamin E for 6 months. Symptoms were assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index and visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS: Sixty-four patients completed the trial (vitamin E n=33, glucosamine sulfate n=31). After …
Perinatal Mortality Rate In Al-Ramadi Maternity And Children's Hospital, Western Iraq, Zaid R. Al-Ani, Sahar J. Al-Hiali, Waleed S. Al-Mashhadani
Perinatal Mortality Rate In Al-Ramadi Maternity And Children's Hospital, Western Iraq, Zaid R. Al-Ani, Sahar J. Al-Hiali, Waleed S. Al-Mashhadani
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the perinatal mortality rate (PMR) in Al-Ramadi city, Iraq, and study its associated causative factors following the 2003 Coalition Forces occupation of Iraq. METHODS: All the hospital stillbirth, and early neonatal death deliveries at the Al-Ramadi Maternity and Children9s Hospital, Al-Anbar Governorate, western Iraq, from 15th June to 15th December 2005 were included in the study. Data collected for the mother includes: age, residence, parity, plurality, mode of delivery, medical and obstetrical history, antenatal care (ANC), and previous perinatal death. For dead babies: gestational age, gender, birth weight, and Apgar scores were also collected. RESULTS: The total …
Effects Of Obesity On Inflammation And Lipid Profile Of Obese Women, Zohreh Mazloom, Najmeh Hejazi, Mohammad-Hosein Dabbaghmanesh
Effects Of Obesity On Inflammation And Lipid Profile Of Obese Women, Zohreh Mazloom, Najmeh Hejazi, Mohammad-Hosein Dabbaghmanesh
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Adipokines And Etiopathology Of Metabolic Disorders, Laila M. Al-Dokhi
Adipokines And Etiopathology Of Metabolic Disorders, Laila M. Al-Dokhi
Saudi Medical Journal
White adipose tissue is an endocrine organ producing numerous proteins known as adipokines, which include leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, and other factors, which are involved in most metabolic disorders. In obesity, plasma leptin concentrations are high due to leptin resistance that may result from the attenuation of leptin signaling in the hypothalamus. Leptin acts to inhibit appetite, stimulate thermogenesis, enhance fatty acid oxidation, decrease glucose, and reduce body weight, and fat. A reduced adiponectin level has been associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis, and its low level is a predictor of later development of type 2 diabetes. Resistin expression …
Oxidative Stress And Nitric Oxide Deficiency In Inflammation Of Chronic Renal Failure. Possible Preventive Role Of L-Arginine And Multiple Antioxidants, Aida A. Korish
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of L-arginine and multiple antioxidants on the inflammatory cytokines level, renal functions, blood pressure and dyslipidemia in chronic renal failure (CRF) rats. METHODS: This study was carried out between December 2007 and November 2008 in the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Chronic renal failure was induced in 40 rats by renal mass reduction (RMR) and 10 rats were sham operated. Renal mass reduction rats were treated for 12 weeks by L-arginine and/or a mixture of antioxidants (L-carnitine, Catechin, Vitamins E and C) and the effect of the …
Early Outcomes Of Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting In Chinese Aged Patients With Diabetes Mellitus, Yu Zhuang, Ming-Di Xiao, Zhong-Xiang Yuan, Cheng-Bao Lu, Lei Lin, Min Yu, Jian-Qiang Mao
Early Outcomes Of Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting In Chinese Aged Patients With Diabetes Mellitus, Yu Zhuang, Ming-Di Xiao, Zhong-Xiang Yuan, Cheng-Bao Lu, Lei Lin, Min Yu, Jian-Qiang Mao
Saudi Medical Journal
Abstract OBJECTIVE: To compare the early outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in aged diabetic patients, and evaluate the affection of diabetes on the early outcomes of CABG in aged patients. METHODS: The study took place in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, China, between January 2000 and July 2008. Five hundred and ninety-three elderly patients (age >/=70-years-old), undergoing isolated CABG were retrospectively divided into diabetic group and non-diabetic group. We analyzed the pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative variables of the 2 groups. The t-test, Chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression were …
Effect Of Nigella (Nigella Sativa L.) Seeds On Hematological Parameters In Rats, Yuksel Kocyigit, Yildiz Atamer, Ersin Uysal, Murat-Sedat Baran
Effect Of Nigella (Nigella Sativa L.) Seeds On Hematological Parameters In Rats, Yuksel Kocyigit, Yildiz Atamer, Ersin Uysal, Murat-Sedat Baran
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Nutritional Knowledge Of Primary Health Care Physicians In Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Mahmood D. Al-Mendalawi
Nutritional Knowledge Of Primary Health Care Physicians In Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Mahmood D. Al-Mendalawi
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Nutritional Assessment Of Patients In A Large Saudi Dialysis Center, Khalid A. Al-Saran, Sameh A. Elsayed, Azeb J. Molhem, Areej S. Aldrees, Huda M. Alzara
Nutritional Assessment Of Patients In A Large Saudi Dialysis Center, Khalid A. Al-Saran, Sameh A. Elsayed, Azeb J. Molhem, Areej S. Aldrees, Huda M. Alzara
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To examine interventions used to manage malnutrition, and obesity, and to share experiences, concerns, and solutions to these problems for management of nutritional disorders in Saudi patients on maintenance hemodialysis. METHODS: The subjects included in this cross-sectional study were chronic hemodialysis patients in the Prince Salman Center for Kidney Diseases (PSCKD), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the period from September 2007 to September 2008. Medical history, examination, baseline laboratory tests, and the nutritional status was assessed using the subjective global assessment score (SGA). RESULTS: Subjects in the study had a mean age of 50±16 years, 108 (54%) were …
Evaluation Of Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence. In Semi-Rural Areas Of Central Anatolia, Turkey, Inci Arikan, Selma Metintas, Cemalettin Kalyoncu, Omer Colak, Ufuk Arikan
Evaluation Of Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence. In Semi-Rural Areas Of Central Anatolia, Turkey, Inci Arikan, Selma Metintas, Cemalettin Kalyoncu, Omer Colak, Ufuk Arikan
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and clustering of components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in semi-rural areas of Central Anatolia, Turkey. METHODS: This study was conducted between January and August 2008 on a randomly selected sample of participants from semi-rural settlement areas of the Eskisehir province, Central Anatolia, Turkey. The MetS was diagnosed as the presence of 3, or more risk factors according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Expert Panel Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. The MetS prevalence was standardized according to age, and logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors affecting prevalence. RESULTS: The study …
The Effect Of Maternal Anemia On Anthropometric Measurements Of Newborns, Mahmood D. Al-Mendalawi, Berrin Telatar, L±Tfi K. Kartal
The Effect Of Maternal Anemia On Anthropometric Measurements Of Newborns, Mahmood D. Al-Mendalawi, Berrin Telatar, L±Tfi K. Kartal
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Challenges In The Management Of Neonatal Surgical Conditions Under The Absence Of Total Parenteral Nutrition, Osarumwense D. Osifo, Mike E. Ovueni
Challenges In The Management Of Neonatal Surgical Conditions Under The Absence Of Total Parenteral Nutrition, Osarumwense D. Osifo, Mike E. Ovueni
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Audit Of Well-Baby Care In Primary Health Care Centers In Buraidah, Saudi Arabia, Abdullah M. Al-Saigul, Mohammed A. Al-Alfi
Audit Of Well-Baby Care In Primary Health Care Centers In Buraidah, Saudi Arabia, Abdullah M. Al-Saigul, Mohammed A. Al-Alfi
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of utilization and documentation of the required process of well-baby care (WBC) visits and immunizations in primary health care centers (PHCCs). METHODS: Ten PHCCs were randomly selected. Of the average annual 7000 registered births, 350 children who had completed their fifth birthday were selected. All registered children who were born during 2 randomly selected months were included. Data were collected in Buraidah city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia9s PHCCs by the investigators from March to December 2005. Data were extracted from children9s files, and well-baby and annual vaccination registers using a pre-designed form based on the …
Current Stand On Supplementation With Antioxidant Vitamins In Cardiovascular Disease, Farouk El-Sabban
Current Stand On Supplementation With Antioxidant Vitamins In Cardiovascular Disease, Farouk El-Sabban
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
The Effect Of Dietary Supplementation Of Nigella Sativa L. On Serum Lipid Profile In Rats, Yukse Kocyigit, Yildiz Atamer, Ersin Uysal
The Effect Of Dietary Supplementation Of Nigella Sativa L. On Serum Lipid Profile In Rats, Yukse Kocyigit, Yildiz Atamer, Ersin Uysal
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of oral treatment of Wistar albino rats with different doses of Nigella sativa L. (NS) powdered seeds on the levels of serum lipids. METHODS: This study was performed in the Medical Science Application and Research Center of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey, from February 2003 to December 2008. A total of 75 Wistar albino male rats, 60 of them with NS supplementation and 15 animals acting as controls, were included in the study. The NS groups were divided into 4 main groups of 15 each. Four doses of NS were used (100, 200, 400, and 600mg/kg/day). …
Hypomagnesemia In Type 2 Diabetic Omani Patients, Magdi E. Al-Osali, Salim S. Al-Qassabi, Medhat K. Elsayed
Hypomagnesemia In Type 2 Diabetic Omani Patients, Magdi E. Al-Osali, Salim S. Al-Qassabi, Medhat K. Elsayed
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To study serum total magnesium (Mg) levels in type 2 diabetic Omani patients, and to find the relation between Mg levels and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), and age of the patient. METHODS: This work was carried out at the Bousher Polyclinic, Muscat, Oman from January to October 2008. We compared 34 type 2 diabetic patients with non-diabetic subjects as regards serum total Mg. We assessed diabetic patients in terms of age, gender, HbA1c, BMI, and their medications. Subjects at risk for apparent causes of hypomagnesemia or hypermagnesemia were excluded. RESULTS: The mean serum total Mg level …
Association Between Thyroid Hormones, Insulin Resistance, And Metabolic Syndrome, Hari K. Kumar, Raj K. Yadav, Jayaram Prajapati, Challa V Reddy, Manchala Raghunath, Kirtikumar D. Modi
Association Between Thyroid Hormones, Insulin Resistance, And Metabolic Syndrome, Hari K. Kumar, Raj K. Yadav, Jayaram Prajapati, Challa V Reddy, Manchala Raghunath, Kirtikumar D. Modi
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between thyroid hormones, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome in euthyroid women. METHODS: Forty-five women with no past medical history were studied in this cross-sectional study at the Department of Endocrinology, Medwin Hospitals, Hyderabad, India, from August 2008 to September 2008. The body fat was estimated using bio-impedance method, and fasting blood sample was analyzed for total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), lipid profile, insulin, and glucose. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 32.6 +/= 9.6 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 29.9 +/= 3.8 kg/m2. …
Age Related Reference Ranges Of Heart Rate For Saudi Children And Adolescents, Mansour M. Al-Qurashi, Mohammad I. El-Mouzan, Abdullah S. Al-Herbish, Abdullah A. Al-Salloum, Ahmad A. Al-Omar
Age Related Reference Ranges Of Heart Rate For Saudi Children And Adolescents, Mansour M. Al-Qurashi, Mohammad I. El-Mouzan, Abdullah S. Al-Herbish, Abdullah A. Al-Salloum, Ahmad A. Al-Omar
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the resting heart rate to define reference values for healthy Saudi children and adolescents. METHODS: To establish representative heart rate (HR) reference values for Saudi Arabian children and adolescents, a sample of children, and adolescents was selected by multi-stage probability sampling of the Saudi population from birth to 20 years of age. The selected sample represents Saudi children from the whole country. Data were collected by a house-to-house survey of all selected households in all the 13 regions in the country. A total of 10,458 Saudi children were included in the study. The HR was measured by …
Arthroscopic Joint Lavage In Osteoarthritis Of The Knee. Is It Effective?, Abdullah S. Al-Omran, Mir Sadat-Ali
Arthroscopic Joint Lavage In Osteoarthritis Of The Knee. Is It Effective?, Abdullah S. Al-Omran, Mir Sadat-Ali
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To assess the benefits of arthroscopic washout in osteoarthritis of the knee (OAK). METHODS: One hundred and fifty patients who underwent arthroscopic washout for early OAK between January 2001 and December 2006, at the King Fahd University Hospital, Al-Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were analyzed. Preoperative assessment of patients included clinical assessment by modified Lequesne grading (MLG), antero-posterior and lateral radiographs of weight bearing of knee joints and the skyline view of the patella, and was graded by Kellegren and Lawrence grading (KLG). Arthroscopically, the knee joint was graded by Outerbridge classification (OC). The data were entered in the …
Factors Contributing To Adolescent Obesity, Manal I. Al-Kloub, Erika S. Froelicher
Factors Contributing To Adolescent Obesity, Manal I. Al-Kloub, Erika S. Froelicher
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Folic Acid Awareness Among Female College Students. Neural Tube Defect Prevention, Mahmood D. Al-Mendalawi, Jameela Kari
Folic Acid Awareness Among Female College Students. Neural Tube Defect Prevention, Mahmood D. Al-Mendalawi, Jameela Kari
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
New Insights Into The Role Of Natriuretic Peptides In The Regulation Of Apoptosis In Cardiovascular System, Pan Gao, Lan Huang
New Insights Into The Role Of Natriuretic Peptides In The Regulation Of Apoptosis In Cardiovascular System, Pan Gao, Lan Huang
Saudi Medical Journal
Natriuretic peptides NPs are a family of structurally similar but genetically distinct peptides with paracrine and autocrine functions of regulating blood volume, blood pressure, ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary hypertension, fat metabolism, and long bone growth. There are 3 main natriuretic peptides: atria natriuretic peptides ANP, brain natriuretic peptides BNP and C-type natriuretic peptides CNP. As investigations of the in vivo activities of natriuretic peptides were expanded, evidence suggested that natriuretic peptides might function as regulators of cell proliferation and/or death in a variety of tissues and cell types. Natriuretic peptides are much more frequently observed in cardiovascular system, the present discussion …
Leptin Expression By Heterotopic Ossification-Isolated Tissue In Rats With Achilles' Tenotomy, Jun-Chang Xu, Tao Wu, Gui-Hua Wu, Zhao-Ming Zhong, Yong-Zhi Tang, Jian-Ting Chen
Leptin Expression By Heterotopic Ossification-Isolated Tissue In Rats With Achilles' Tenotomy, Jun-Chang Xu, Tao Wu, Gui-Hua Wu, Zhao-Ming Zhong, Yong-Zhi Tang, Jian-Ting Chen
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To set up heterotopic ossification (HO) models according to McClure and determine whether leptin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein are expressed in HO-isolated tissue. METHODS: This study was performed in the Department of Spine and Orthopedics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China from November 2007 to June 2008. Thirty-six male rats were randomly divided into sham, partial achilles9 tenotomy (PAT), and achilles9 tenotomy (AT) groups, with 12 rats in each group. X-ray and histological examination were carried out to ensure the formation of HO at 5 and 10 weeks after operation. Specimens from achilles tendons and surrounding tissue were …
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate Variability In Apparently Healthy School Children Aged 10-15 Years In Oredo, Nigeria, Mahmood D. Al-Mendalawi
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate Variability In Apparently Healthy School Children Aged 10-15 Years In Oredo, Nigeria, Mahmood D. Al-Mendalawi
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
The Healing Effects Of Teucrium Polium In The Repair Of Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer In Rats, Davood Mehrabani, Aminallah Rezaee, Negar Azarpira, Mohammad R. Fattahi, Masoud Amini, Nader Tanideh, Mohammad R. Panjehshahin, Mehdi Saberi-Firouzi
The Healing Effects Of Teucrium Polium In The Repair Of Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer In Rats, Davood Mehrabani, Aminallah Rezaee, Negar Azarpira, Mohammad R. Fattahi, Masoud Amini, Nader Tanideh, Mohammad R. Panjehshahin, Mehdi Saberi-Firouzi
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To determine the healing effect of Teucrium polium (T. polium) in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. METHODS: In the fall of 2007, 250 Sprague-Dawley rats provided by the Shiraz University Laboratory Animal Center were divided into 4 equal groups including control (70 rats), and 3 experimental groups (60 rats each), and each group received different doses of T. polium. Ten rats were used to study the induction of gastric ulcer by indomethacin (25 mg/kg/stat). After 24 hours, their stomachs were evaluated for any mucosal ulcer. The T. polium extract was administered orally, 24 hours after indomethacin administration. In the …
Correlation Between Serum 25 Hydroxy Vitamin D3 And Laboratory Risk Markers Of Cardiovascular Diseases In Type 2 Diabetic Patients, Shokoufeh Bonakdaran, Abdolreza Varasteh
Correlation Between Serum 25 Hydroxy Vitamin D3 And Laboratory Risk Markers Of Cardiovascular Diseases In Type 2 Diabetic Patients, Shokoufeh Bonakdaran, Abdolreza Varasteh
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular risk markers among diabetic patients. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, from December 2007 to March 2008 in 119 type 2 diabetic patients. Coronary, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular diseases were confirmed. Blood biochemical parameters including laboratory risk markers of cardiovascular disease were determined. Serum 25 hydoxy (OH) D was measured during winter. The correlation between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular prevalence, and also laboratory variables was determined. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 55.3 ± 11.2 years. The mean 25(OH) D concentration …
The Efficacy Of Self-Care Education On Rehabilitation Of Stroke Patients, Mohammad Sahebalzamani, Leila Aliloo, Ali Shakibi
The Efficacy Of Self-Care Education On Rehabilitation Of Stroke Patients, Mohammad Sahebalzamani, Leila Aliloo, Ali Shakibi
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of self-care education on rehabilitation of hemiplegic stroke patients discharged from hospital. METHODS: For this experimental study, 80 patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups at Urmia University of Medical Sciences Hospitals, Iran, in 2008. First, we recorded the demographic data, and ability performance of both groups, then self-care education was given for the experiment group. Finally, both groups were retested 45 days following the last self-care education section of the experiment group. RESULTS: The results of the study showed a significant difference between the mean acquired distinctions in different performance fields before and after …
Evaluation Of Blood And Serum Markers In Spinal Cord Injured Patients With Pressure Sores, Eda Gurcay, Ajda Bal, Ahmet G. Gurcay, Aytul Cakci
Evaluation Of Blood And Serum Markers In Spinal Cord Injured Patients With Pressure Sores, Eda Gurcay, Ajda Bal, Ahmet G. Gurcay, Aytul Cakci
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate blood and serum markers in traumatic spinal cord injured (SCI) patients, with and without pressure sores. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed at the Ministry of Health Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit, and Numune Education and Research Hospitals, Ankara, Turkey, from 2006-2008. A total of 23 SCI patients with pressure sores (group I) and a control group of 25 SCI patients without pressure sores (group II) were evaluated. Characteristics of sores were examined with respect to duration, location, grade, tissue types, surface area, and exudate amount. Recorded laboratory parameters included erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), hemoglobin (Hb), …
Serum Arylesterase Activity Is Negatively Correlated With Inflammatory Markers In Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes, Tunay Senturk, Emre Sarandol, Sumeyye Gullulu, Selda Erdinc, Osman Ozdabakoglu, Bulent Ozdemir, Ibrahim Baran, Sinan Arslan, Ali Aydinlar
Serum Arylesterase Activity Is Negatively Correlated With Inflammatory Markers In Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes, Tunay Senturk, Emre Sarandol, Sumeyye Gullulu, Selda Erdinc, Osman Ozdabakoglu, Bulent Ozdemir, Ibrahim Baran, Sinan Arslan, Ali Aydinlar
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To examined whether serum paraoxonase (PON1) and arylesterase (ARE) activities are correlated with inflammatory biomarkers (procalcitonin and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Departments of Cardiology and Biochemistry, Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey, from April 2007 to December 2007. Seventy-eight consecutive patients with ACS and 39 healthy controls were investigated. Acute coronary syndrome patients were divided into 3 groups according to their clinical presentation: unstable angina pectoris (UAP) (Braunwald III-B, n=25), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (n=18), and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (n=35). …
The Effect Of Maternal Anemia On Anthropometric Measurements Of Newborns, Berrin Telatar, Serdar Comert, Ayca Vitrinel, Ethem Erginoz, Yasemin Akin
The Effect Of Maternal Anemia On Anthropometric Measurements Of Newborns, Berrin Telatar, Serdar Comert, Ayca Vitrinel, Ethem Erginoz, Yasemin Akin
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation between maternal prenatal hemoglobin concentration and neonatal anthropometric measurements. METHODS: All pregnant women who gave birth at the Obstetrics Department of Dr. LK Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2006, and their newborns were included in this prospective, cross-sectional study. The newborns9 weight, height, head, and chest circumference were recorded. Mothers with hemoglobin concentration less than 11g/dl were evaluated as anemic. The anemic mothers were then grouped into 3 categories according to the corresponding hemoglobin concentration: mild (10.9-9.0g/dl), moderate (8.9-7.0 g/dl), and severe anemic (less than 7 …