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Serum Ferritin And Other Iron Parameters In Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Ibrahim A. Al-Omar, Olayide A. Oluboyede Feb 2002

Serum Ferritin And Other Iron Parameters In Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Ibrahim A. Al-Omar, Olayide A. Oluboyede

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.


Impact Of A Mini-Clinic On Diabetic Care At A Primary Health Care Center In Southern Saudi Arabia, Yahia M. Al-Khaldi, Mohd Y. Khan Jan 2002

Impact Of A Mini-Clinic On Diabetic Care At A Primary Health Care Center In Southern Saudi Arabia, Yahia M. Al-Khaldi, Mohd Y. Khan

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a mini-clinic on the quality of diabetic care at a Primary Health Care Center in Aseer region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: All the files of diabetics in Wasat Abha Primary Health Care Center were reviewed at the end of 1997 for diabetic process based on a scoring system of 11 items. Diabetic outcomes were evaluated in accordance with Quality Assurance Protocol. Data of all the files was entered into and analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Relevant statistical tests were used. RESULTS: Files of 198 patients …


Effect Of Dietary Zinc Deficiency On Rat Lipid Concentrations, Samir M. Khoja, Zuhair M. Marzouki, Khaled M. Ashry, Sami A. Hamdi Jan 2002

Effect Of Dietary Zinc Deficiency On Rat Lipid Concentrations, Samir M. Khoja, Zuhair M. Marzouki, Khaled M. Ashry, Sami A. Hamdi

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the lipid profile in serum, liver, and testis of rats fed marginal and severe zinc deficient diets. METHODS: Three groups of rats were treated for 8 weeks with normal diet, marginally zinc deficient diet and severely zinc deficient diet. Lipid concentrations were measured in serum, liver, and testis of these groups. RESULTS: The concentrations of serum lipids were not significantly altered between marginally zinc deficient diet treated and control rats. However, in rats treated with severely zinc deficient diet, the concentrations of serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and phospholipids were significantly increased (P < 0.01) and (P < 0.001), whereas the concentration of triacylglycerol was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). However, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was non-significantly different from controls. The concentrations of liver total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and phospholipids were significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in rats treated with severely zinc deficient diet. The testicular concentration of total cholesterol was increased but this increase was non-significantly different from controls, whereas the testicular concentrations of triacylglycerol and phospholipids were significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in rats treated with severely zinc deficient diet. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that a marginally zinc deficient diet does not play a significant role in altering rat lipid concentrations. However, the changes in serum lipid concentrations could be related to those changes in tissue lipid concentrations.


The Magnitude Of Osteoporosis In Middle Aged Women, Raeda J. Al-Qutob, Salah M. Mawajdeh, Allam A. Khalil, Amy B. Schmidt, Akram O. Hannak, Basel K. Masri Dec 2001

The Magnitude Of Osteoporosis In Middle Aged Women, Raeda J. Al-Qutob, Salah M. Mawajdeh, Allam A. Khalil, Amy B. Schmidt, Akram O. Hannak, Basel K. Masri

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to increase the body of knowledge regarding osteoporosis in the Jordanian context by investigating the magnitude of osteoporosis amongst perimenopausal women, as well as the risk factors associated with the disease. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty one women between the ages of 40 to 60 years were randomly selected from the Orthopedics and Rheumatology out patient clinics at the Major Teaching Hospital in Amman, Jordan. A structured questionnaire, which focused upon risk factors and preventive measures for osteoporosis, was administered by a trained staff nurse to all women. Index women were then referred to a private …


Serum 25-Hydroxy Cholecalciferol In Infants And Preschool Children In The Western Region Of Saudi Arabia. Etiological Factors, Suhad M. Bahijri Nov 2001

Serum 25-Hydroxy Cholecalciferol In Infants And Preschool Children In The Western Region Of Saudi Arabia. Etiological Factors, Suhad M. Bahijri

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: Low vitamin D status has been frequently reported among Saudi subjects of all ages. No attempt has been made to relate this status to dietary intake or to diseases leading to malabsorption, for example diarrhea. This study was performed to investigate the various factors leading to low vitamin D status, and their relative importance in infants and preschool children. METHODS: Nine hundred and thirty-five healthy subjects aged 4-72 months were selected randomly form the Jeddah area of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Medical history, time and frequency of exposure to sunlight and dietary intake were recorded. Blood samples were …


Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of Normal Lumbar Intervertebral Discs, Maher T. Al-Hadidi, Darwish H. Badran, Azmy M. Al-Hadidi, Jamal H. Abu-Ghaida Nov 2001

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of Normal Lumbar Intervertebral Discs, Maher T. Al-Hadidi, Darwish H. Badran, Azmy M. Al-Hadidi, Jamal H. Abu-Ghaida

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To study changes in midpoint lumbar disc heights in an asymptomatic Jordanian sample relative to age, sex, lumbar level and midvertebral heights. METHODS: A total of 153 asymptomatic patients (87 males, age range 20-65 years; mean 43±12.1 and 66 females, age range 22-68 years; mean 47±13.7) were selected during the study period. All underwent midsagittal magnetic resonance imaging to measure the midpoint disc height and midvertebral height of all lumbar spines. Values were statistically analyzed to obtain the significance of differences in the means of midpoint disc heights at different levels in every age group and among other age …


Malnutrition In Children With Congenital Heart Defects, Poothirikovil Venugopalan, Felix O. Akinbami, Khalid M. Al-Hinai, Ajit K. Agarwal Nov 2001

Malnutrition In Children With Congenital Heart Defects, Poothirikovil Venugopalan, Felix O. Akinbami, Khalid M. Al-Hinai, Ajit K. Agarwal

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of malnutrition in children with congenital heart defects in a hospital outpatient setting. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-two children with congenital heart defects (patients), and an equal number of children with innocent cardiac murmurs (controls) attending the Pediatric Cardiology Outpatient Clinic at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman from 1997 to 1998 were prospectively studied. Weight, height and head circumference were used for evaluation of nutritional status. Patients and controls were categorized into acute malnutrition (weight <3rd percentile for age, and height >3rd centile), and chronic malnutrition (weight and height <3rd centile), based on the National Centre for Health Statistics standards. Children with symptomatic congenital heart defects (Group I, number = 73) were also compared with those without symptoms (Group II, number = 79). RESULTS: The study patients showed a higher frequency of both acute (27%) and chronic (24%) malnutrition (p<0.01). Children in Group I had a significant reduction in weight (p<0.01), height (p=0.02) and head circumference (p<0.01) compared to controls, however for those in Group II the differences were not significant. Acute malnutrition was higher in both groups, 31% (p<0.01) and 16% (p=0.04), whilst chronic malnutrition was significantly higher only in Group I, 31% (p<0.01). Infants in Group I were more frequently affected (33/45) compared to older children (13/28; p=0.02). CONCLUSION: Malnutrition remains a problem among children with congenital heart defects, especially in those with either heart failure or cyanosis, and symptomatic infants are the worst affected. Greater attention is required in the dietary management, early diagnosis and intervention to restore normal growth.


Care Of Women In The Middle East, Latif A. Khan, Sarosh A. Khan, Samar Iqbal Nov 2001

Care Of Women In The Middle East, Latif A. Khan, Sarosh A. Khan, Samar Iqbal

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.


Gut Peptides And Elemental Diet In Childhood Crohn's Disease, Fauzi A. Sagher, Vector Miller Nov 2001

Gut Peptides And Elemental Diet In Childhood Crohn's Disease, Fauzi A. Sagher, Vector Miller

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.


Schistosoma Mansoni As A Cause Of Bloody Stool In Children, Nassir A. Haidar Oct 2001

Schistosoma Mansoni As A Cause Of Bloody Stool In Children, Nassir A. Haidar

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To identify the frequency of schistosoma mansoni as a cause of bloody stool or diarrhea and study the clinical, laboratory, radiological characteristics and regional distribution in Hajjah governorate. METHODS: This was a hospital based study conducted in Hajjah town, from April 1997 to May 1999. Medical charts were reviewed for age, sex, area of residency, clinical presentation, number of previous schistosoma mansoni infections, possible causes of bloody stool or diarrhea, number of hospital visits and results of any radiological studies made. RESULTS: Three hundred and sixty patients presented to the pediatric clinic with a history of bloody stool, 156 …


Global Directions For Reforming Health Systems And Expanding Insurance. What Is Suitable For The Arab Gulf Countries?, Samir N. Banoob Sep 2001

Global Directions For Reforming Health Systems And Expanding Insurance. What Is Suitable For The Arab Gulf Countries?, Samir N. Banoob

Saudi Medical Journal

Most countries are exploring and implementing reforms of their health care systems. The Arab countries in the Gulf are no exception after establishing modern governmental health care systems accessible to all and free of charge. Current problems of the Arab systems include financial, managerial and quality issues. The private sector in these countries has no defined national role and is gowing abruptly and unplanned. The paper presents the major global health reform directions, analyzing the current activities in the Arab Gulf countries and proposing certain practical relevant approaches for health reform, and expansion of insurance in these activites.


Physical Activity Profile Of Adult Males In Riyadh City, Saeed A. Al-Rafaee, Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa Sep 2001

Physical Activity Profile Of Adult Males In Riyadh City, Saeed A. Al-Rafaee, Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To assess the patterns and determinants of physical activity among Saudi adult males living in Riyadh. METHODS: Self-administered questionnaires were filled out by 1333 randomly selected Saudi males 19 years and older, during the Fall of 1996. RESULTS: Over 53% of Saudi males were totally physically inactive, and another 27.5% were irregularly active. Only 19% of the entire sample were active on a regular basis. A curvilinear relationship was found between age and inactivity, with the middle age group the least active. Physical activity was lower among those who were married, work in the private sectors, working 2 shifts, …


Blood Lipids And Body Fat In Bahraini Women, Awatif Al-Mannai, Hussain A. Khalfan, J. W. Dickerson, Jane B. Morgan Sep 2001

Blood Lipids And Body Fat In Bahraini Women, Awatif Al-Mannai, Hussain A. Khalfan, J. W. Dickerson, Jane B. Morgan

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine some biomedical parameters of a representative sample from the population of overweight and obese, and average weight Bahraini women visiting 2 health centers in Bahrain. METHODS: This study was conducted over a period of 4 months in 2 health centers in the urban city of Muharraq in Bahrain, namely Muharraq Health Center and Shaikh Salman Health Center. The association was examined between body mass index, and the distribution of body fat determined by the waist hip ratio. Serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as glucose …


Tetanus. A Clinical Review, Juma M. Al-Kaabi, Euan M. Scrimgeour, Andre Louon, Bazdawi M. Al-Riyami Jul 2001

Tetanus. A Clinical Review, Juma M. Al-Kaabi, Euan M. Scrimgeour, Andre Louon, Bazdawi M. Al-Riyami

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: Although tetanus is now uncommon in Oman (The Expanded Program on Immunization was introduced in 1981), patients continue to present from time to time at an average rate of 6 cases per year. Worldwide, the mortality rate for tetanus remains high (ranging from 15-20% in developed countries). At the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, prolonged Intensive Care Unit treatment and multi-disciplinary management is invariably required for tetanus patients. This study was carried out to evaluate our results over the past decade. METHODS: All tetanus patients admitted to the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital from 1991 up to the end …


Teenagers Obstetric Performance, Samuel E. Akinola, Nirmala C. Manne, Eric I. Archibong, Adekunle A. Sobande Jul 2001

Teenagers Obstetric Performance, Samuel E. Akinola, Nirmala C. Manne, Eric I. Archibong, Adekunle A. Sobande

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To study the pregnancy outcome in teenage primigravida women admitted and delivered in our unit between April 1997 and March 1998, and to compare the outcome with other primigravida above 20 years old. METHODS: Data was collected from primigravidae in respect of age, last menstrual period, history of booking at Primary Health Center and complications of pregnancies were identified. The process of labor and delivery were monitored and the outcome recorded. RESULTS: During the period of study, 2,650 women delivered in the unit, 171 (6%) were primigravida, out of which 116 (68%) were teenagers, ages between 13 and 19 …


Iron Deficiency Anemia. A Study Of Risk Factors, Joharah M. Al-Quaiz Jun 2001

Iron Deficiency Anemia. A Study Of Risk Factors, Joharah M. Al-Quaiz

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors for iron deficiency anemia among Saudi women of childbearing age. METHODS: This is a case control study conducted at the primary health care clinics of King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh over a 6-month period. Inclusion criteria included women of childbearing age and hemoglobin level < 120 g/l. Iron deficiency anemia was defined as having iron deficiency and low hemoglobin level < 120 g/l. Controls had hemoglobin level > 120 g/l and were matched with the cases for socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS: Eighty-seven patients and 203 controls were enrolled in the study. Low frequency of eating meat, vegetables or drinking juices right with vitamin C increased the risk of having iron deficiency anemia by 2-4 fold (odds ratio = …


Pattern Of Gastroesophageal Reflux In Children, Mohammed I. El-Mouzan, Asaad M. Abdullah, Abdullah M. Al-Sanie, Salim I. Al-Khalifah May 2001

Pattern Of Gastroesophageal Reflux In Children, Mohammed I. El-Mouzan, Asaad M. Abdullah, Abdullah M. Al-Sanie, Salim I. Al-Khalifah

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common health problem in children worldwide. There are no published data on this disease in children from Saudi Arabia. The objective of this study is, therefore, to report on the pattern of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Saudi children. METHODS: Retrospective review of all children referred to the Pediatric Gastroenterology Division at King Khaled University Hospital in Riyadh. RESULTS: The diagnosis was confirmed in 85 children, all but 2 were Saudi nationals, and the male to female ratio was 1.6. The median age of onset of symptoms was 10 months, whereas the median age at …


Relationship Between Breast-Feeding Duration And Acute Respiratory Infections In Infants, Ismail Abdulmoneim, Saleh A. Al-Ghamdi Apr 2001

Relationship Between Breast-Feeding Duration And Acute Respiratory Infections In Infants, Ismail Abdulmoneim, Saleh A. Al-Ghamdi

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship of breast-feeding duration on the frequency of respiratory tract infections in infants during the first 2 years of life. METHODS: A retrospective study where the files of infants randomly selected from Shamasan Primary Health Care Center were analyzed for different related factors and frequencies of respiratory infections. RESULTS: The mean duration of lactation was shorter than in previous national reports (5.1±3.4months). The frequencies of respiratory infections were high in the first 2 years reaching an average of 9.2±4.1 attacks per infant. The lower respiratory tract suffered more frequent attacks than the upper averaging a rate …


An Epidemiological Study Of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis, Niyaz A. Buch, Sheikh M. Ahmad, Syed W. Ali, Husaini M. Hassan Mar 2001

An Epidemiological Study Of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis, Niyaz A. Buch, Sheikh M. Ahmad, Syed W. Ali, Husaini M. Hassan

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To study epidemiology including various risk factors incorporated in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis in Kashmir. METHODS: A retrospective hospital based study on 3235 neonates admitted in Neonatal Intesive Care Unit of Sheri-Kashmir Institute, were evaluated. Forty two were diagnosed as cases of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis on the basis of various clinical and radiological parameters and grouped in 3 stages as per modified Bell9s classification. The case records of these 42 babies and 303 of the control group were reviewed for the purported risk factors and recorded on pretested proforma and finally statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Over a period of 10 years, …


Living-Related Liver Transplantation, Atef F. Bassas, Sami H. Wali, Hussa F. Al-Husseini, Mona S. Al-Shahed, Haider A. Al-Shuraffa, Muafak T. Jawdat Mar 2001

Living-Related Liver Transplantation, Atef F. Bassas, Sami H. Wali, Hussa F. Al-Husseini, Mona S. Al-Shahed, Haider A. Al-Shuraffa, Muafak T. Jawdat

Saudi Medical Journal

We report here, the first pediatric living-related liver transplant in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East. Our patient is a 2 year old girl with a diagnosis of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, causing intractable pruritis and failure to thrive requiring liver transplantation. The child was successfully transplanted using a segment of her mother9s liver for living-related liver transplantation. Two years post-transplantation the patient is doing well. With the ongoing crises in cadaveric organ availability and the high prevalence of pediatric liver disease, living related liver transplantation is an ideal solution to this difficult and challenging problem.


Caring For Hemodialysis Patients In Saudi Arabia. Past, Present And Future., Mohammed S. Jondeby, Ali M. Al-Ghamdi, Fahad A. Al-Hawas, Dujanah H. Mousa, Mohammed H. Al-Sulaiman, Abdullah A. Al-Khader Mar 2001

Caring For Hemodialysis Patients In Saudi Arabia. Past, Present And Future., Mohammed S. Jondeby, Ali M. Al-Ghamdi, Fahad A. Al-Hawas, Dujanah H. Mousa, Mohammed H. Al-Sulaiman, Abdullah A. Al-Khader

Saudi Medical Journal

There are currently 5706 patients receiving hemodialysis therapy in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - a 15 fold increase when compared to 1983. The annual increase in the number of patients on dialysis for 1999 is 696 (10 fold increase when compared to 1983). Besides the massive increase in the number of patients in the last 20 years, we have noticed a marked increase in the mean age of patients (51.3 years in 1999 as compared to 37.9 years in the early 80s). Diabetes mellitis which was an insignificant contributory etiology (4%) in the early 80s is now a major …


Effect Of Modified Tumor Antigen On Experimentally Induced Sarcomas, Suresh K. Nigam, Venkatakrishna H. Bhatt Feb 2001

Effect Of Modified Tumor Antigen On Experimentally Induced Sarcomas, Suresh K. Nigam, Venkatakrishna H. Bhatt

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To explore the possibility of controlling established tumors by active immunization through specific and nonspecific methods. METHODS: By subcutaneous methylcholanthrene, a fibrosarcoma was produced in adult Swiss male mice. The fibrosarcoma was transplanted into the isogenic strain. The cleared tumor cells were injected subcutaneous into the hind leg of the 1st sarcoma group. The 2nd group received intraperitoneally sensitized spleen cells. One section of the irradiated 3rd tumor group received intraperitoneally sensitized spleen cells and subsequently a mild dose of modified tumor antigen. The 2nd section of the 3rd group was irradiated in between the administration of modified tumor …


Effect Of Maternal Education On The Rate Of Childhood Handicap, Waleed M. Milaat, Sherine Shawky, Bahaa A. Abalkhail, Nadia K. Soliman Jan 2001

Effect Of Maternal Education On The Rate Of Childhood Handicap, Waleed M. Milaat, Sherine Shawky, Bahaa A. Abalkhail, Nadia K. Soliman

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to determine the relation between maternal education and various maternal risk factors, identify the impact of maternal education on the risk of childhood handicap and estimate the proportion of childhood handicap that can be prevented by maternal education. METHODS: Data was collected from all married women attending the two major maternity and child hospitals in Jeddah during April 1999. Women with at least one living child were interviewed for sociodemographic factors and having at least one handicapped child. The risk of having a handicapped child and the population attributable risk percent were calculated. …


Prevalence Of Hypertension In Obese And Non-Obese Saudis, Mohsen A. El-Hazmi, Arjumand S. Warsy Jan 2001

Prevalence Of Hypertension In Obese And Non-Obese Saudis, Mohsen A. El-Hazmi, Arjumand S. Warsy

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: Obesity occurs at a high prevalence in the Saudi population. Studies in literature show that hypertension occurs more frequently in obese individuals.This study was designed to determine the prevalence of hypertension in obese Saudis in comparison with results obtained in non-obese individuals. METHODS: The screening involved a statistically designed household screening program. Only adults 14-70 years of age were included in the study. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) was measured when the individuals were in sitting position and height and weight were used to calculate Body Mass Index. All individuals with Body Mass Index > 30 were classified as obese …


Prevalence And Correlates Of Acute Respiratory Infections In Children Less Than Two Years Of Age, Abdalla A. Saeed, Ibrahim A. Bani Dec 2000

Prevalence And Correlates Of Acute Respiratory Infections In Children Less Than Two Years Of Age, Abdalla A. Saeed, Ibrahim A. Bani

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To study acute respiratory infections of children less than 2 years of age in Riyadh City and their sociodemographic and anthropometric correlates. METHODS: Study subjects included 250 mothers selected by systematic random sampling from mothers attending 5 Primary Health Care Centers selected by simple random sampling from the 5 geographical zones (one from each zone) in Riyadh during a one month period. Data was collected via a structured pilot tested modified questionnaire filled in by trained research assistants who interviewed mothers regarding acute respiratory infections during the past 2 weeks in their children aged less than 2 years. Heights …


Rift Valley Fever, Sherine Shawky Dec 2000

Rift Valley Fever, Sherine Shawky

Saudi Medical Journal

Rift Valley fever is a viral disease that affects domestic animals and humans. In humans, Rift Valley fever causes a flu-like disease but occasionally leads to high morbidity and mortality. The disease is generally known in the African continent. However, cases started to appear in Saudi Arabia and Yemen. The objective of this review is to give a general briefing about the epidemiology, ecology and management of the disease.


Liver Laceration Due To Blunt Abdominal Trauma And Its Management In A Peripheral Hospital, T. N. Rao, El-Samoual A. Gadir, J. K. Elvarsi, Fysal Sabri Oct 2000

Liver Laceration Due To Blunt Abdominal Trauma And Its Management In A Peripheral Hospital, T. N. Rao, El-Samoual A. Gadir, J. K. Elvarsi, Fysal Sabri

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.


Blood Lead Level In The Jordanian Population, Malek A. Dabbas, Mohammad A. Al-Zoubi Oct 2000

Blood Lead Level In The Jordanian Population, Malek A. Dabbas, Mohammad A. Al-Zoubi

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To determine the blood lead level in the non-occupationally exposed Jordanian population as a baseline for comparative studies. METHODS: Seven hundred and forty six blood samples were collected and analyzed using Graphic Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. A representative sample for the Jordanian community was selected. RESULTS: The arithmetic mean for blood lead level in the whole sample was 1.96 µg/d1 which was lower than the other means determined by international studies. CONCLUSION: The blood lead level among the Jordanian population was found to be less than the levels in other countries, this may be partly explained by the low …


Folate Deficiency And Neurologic Complications In Elderly Omani Patients., Dirk Deleu, Philis Okereke, David Gravell, David Nam, Huxley Knox-Macaulay Oct 2000

Folate Deficiency And Neurologic Complications In Elderly Omani Patients., Dirk Deleu, Philis Okereke, David Gravell, David Nam, Huxley Knox-Macaulay

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.


Enquiry Into The Causes Of Misuse Of Antibiotics, Sahal D. Salamah, Mohammad M. Hossain, Tosaddak Ahmed Oct 2000

Enquiry Into The Causes Of Misuse Of Antibiotics, Sahal D. Salamah, Mohammad M. Hossain, Tosaddak Ahmed

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.