Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- Saudi Arabia (43)
- Obesity (7)
- Bibliometric analysis (5)
- Diabetes mellitus (4)
- Acute kidney injury (3)
-
- Artificial intelligence (3)
- Barriers (3)
- Biomarkers (3)
- Body mass index (3)
- Chronic kidney disease (3)
- Computed tomography (3)
- Emergency department (3)
- GLP-1 receptor agonists (3)
- Heart failure (3)
- Hospitalization (3)
- Incidence (3)
- Machine learning (3)
- Patient safety (3)
- Public health (3)
- Quality of life (3)
- Research productivity (3)
- Risk factors (3)
- Albuminuria (2)
- Arab world (2)
- COVID-19 (2)
- Cardiopulmonary bypass (2)
- Challenges (2)
- Child (2)
- Children (2)
- Critically ill (2)
- Publication Year
Articles 4351 - 4380 of 5073
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Congratulations And Cooperation, Francesco Marotta, Ossama Shobokshi
Congratulations And Cooperation, Francesco Marotta, Ossama Shobokshi
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Branching Pattern Of The Left Coronary Artery And An Important Branch. The Median Artery, Huseyin S. Surucu, Suleyman T. Karahan, Ercan Tanyeli
Branching Pattern Of The Left Coronary Artery And An Important Branch. The Median Artery, Huseyin S. Surucu, Suleyman T. Karahan, Ercan Tanyeli
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to assess the variations in the branching pattern and diameters of the terminal branches of the left coronary artery and discuss various names given to the third branch. METHODS: Hearts of 21 autopsies and 19 cadavers were fixed with 10% formalin and their coronary arteries were examined by dissecting the epicardium. The dissections were performed at the Anatomy Departments of Faculties of Medicine, Ankara and Hacettepe Universities, Ankara, and Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey, between April 2001 and June 2003. RESULTS: There were 2 branches in 19 hearts, 3 branches in 19 …
Leptin Level In Pregnant Mothers At Term And Cord Blood And The Effect Of Newborns Gender, Zainab A. Babay, Arjumand S. Warsy, Mohsen A. El-Hazmi, Mohammed H. Addar
Leptin Level In Pregnant Mothers At Term And Cord Blood And The Effect Of Newborns Gender, Zainab A. Babay, Arjumand S. Warsy, Mohsen A. El-Hazmi, Mohammed H. Addar
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the leptin level in healthy pregnant mothers at term and in their newborns and its relationship to their body mass index (BMI) and gender of the newborn. METHODS: The leptin level was measured in serum of 187 pregnant women at term delivering at the King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in July 2001 and their newborns. Correlation studies were made between leptin level and their growth parameters, and gender of the newborns. RESULTS: Leptin level of the mothers was significantly higher compared to their newborns. There was a significant correlation between leptin level in …
Age At Menarche In Jordanian Girls, Fawaz L. Ammari, Heitham K. Ajlouni, Kamel M. Ajlouni
Age At Menarche In Jordanian Girls, Fawaz L. Ammari, Heitham K. Ajlouni, Kamel M. Ajlouni
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Spectrum Of Malignant Lymphomas In Bahrain. Leitmotif Of A Regional Pattern, Durjoy K. Shome, Sara M. George, Fayek Al-Hilli, Ali A. Satir
Spectrum Of Malignant Lymphomas In Bahrain. Leitmotif Of A Regional Pattern, Durjoy K. Shome, Sara M. George, Fayek Al-Hilli, Ali A. Satir
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinicopathologic features of malignant lymphomas in Bahraini patients. METHODS: A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted. All new cases of malignant lymphoma diagnosed during the period January 1996 to December 2001 at the Salmaniya Medical Complex in Bahrain were included in the study. RESULTS: Seventy-two cases met the inclusion criteria. This included 24 (33.3%) cases of Hodgkin9s disease (HD) and 48 (66.7%) cases of Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). A young age at presentation (median 20 years) mixed cellularity histology, lack of extra nodal involvement and rare marrow involvement characterized HD. The majority of NHL showed diffuse high or …
The Cytokine Tnf-Alpha. Genetics And Suitability For Prenatal Risks Assessment, El-Harith A. El-Harith
The Cytokine Tnf-Alpha. Genetics And Suitability For Prenatal Risks Assessment, El-Harith A. El-Harith
Saudi Medical Journal
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) is a cytokine known as a mediator of inflammation and immunity. The genes coding the tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta are considered part of class III major histocompatability complex. The 2 involved genes have been mapped to chromosome 6. Certain mutations in the TNF-alpha gene are believed to be causative for increased production of the cytokine. In this respect, the most common variant is the TNF2 allele, a single nucleotide substitution of guanine by adenine at position -308 relative to the promoter transcription site of the gene. Elevated production of TNF-alpha has been found …
Evaluation Of Disability Of Occupational Illness Claims For Workers' Compensation, Sultan T. Al-Otaibi
Evaluation Of Disability Of Occupational Illness Claims For Workers' Compensation, Sultan T. Al-Otaibi
Saudi Medical Journal
Occupational physicians are faced with the challenge of estimating the contribution of occupational and non-occupational risk factors to a particular work-related illness for workers9 compensation. This paper proposes guidelines for occupational physicians to evaluate claims for presentation to a compensation board. Occupational bladder cancer was taken as an example. Relevant literature was obtained and reviewed. A worksheet was designed to record pertinent information on occupational illness. The procedure for handling a claim is described. Failure to follow such an approach may lead to gross inequities.
Knowledge, Attitudes And Intention Of High School Students Towards The Nursing Profession In Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia, Badran A. Al-Omar
Knowledge, Attitudes And Intention Of High School Students Towards The Nursing Profession In Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia, Badran A. Al-Omar
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To determine the knowledge, attitudes, and intention among the Saudi high school students towards the nursing profession. In addition, the study aims to identify students9 perception of causes preventing them to become nurses. It also aims to determine the factors influencing the Saudi high school students9 choice of nursing profession. METHODS: We used the descriptive analytical research design. Stratified random sampling procedures were employed to represent the Saudi high school students, 3 male and 3 female schools scattered in all areas of Riyadh city were selected. A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed and 503 questionnaires were returned, of …
Cytotoxic Effects Of Some Animal And Vegetable Extracts And Some Chemicals On Liver And Colon Carcinoma And Myosarcoma, Vahdettin Bayazit
Cytotoxic Effects Of Some Animal And Vegetable Extracts And Some Chemicals On Liver And Colon Carcinoma And Myosarcoma, Vahdettin Bayazit
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To study, the cytotoxic effects of some biological and chemical agents on G1, S, G2, M and G0 phases of liver and colon carcinomas and myosarcoma cells obtained with chemical carcinogens dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) and cadmium chloride. METHODS: Eight rabbit livers, colon carcinoma and myosarcoma cell lines were obtained by injection of DMBA in the Biology Laboratory, of the University of Dumlupinar, Kutahya, Turkey between January 2001 and June 2003. All lines were grown at 37degrees celsius and 5% carbon dioxide in sterile RPMI-1640 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum after addition of glutamate, penicillin (50 units/ml) and streptomycin (50 …
Comparison Of Some Risk Factors Between Non-Familial And Familial Breast Cancer Females In Jordan, Manar F. Atoum, Huda M. Al-Hourani
Comparison Of Some Risk Factors Between Non-Familial And Familial Breast Cancer Females In Jordan, Manar F. Atoum, Huda M. Al-Hourani
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To compare the risk factors such as age, menopause, menarche, age at the first pregnancy, number of pregnancies and breast feeding period between the familial and non-familial breast cancer females in Jordan. METHODS: This study was carried out in Al-Basheer Hospital, Amman, Jordan during the period 2000 and 2002. A questionnaire was used to collect information from 99 females who were histologically and pathologically diagnosed with breast cancer. Data of the questionnaire were entered and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences. RESULTS: The highest percentage of non-familial and familial breast cancer occurrence was among age group 51-60 years. …
Endocarditis Prophylaxis In Children With Congenital Heart Disease. A Parent's Awareness, Abdullah S. Al-Jarallah, Amer A. Lardhi, Amina A. Hassan
Endocarditis Prophylaxis In Children With Congenital Heart Disease. A Parent's Awareness, Abdullah S. Al-Jarallah, Amer A. Lardhi, Amina A. Hassan
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the parental knowledge of bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis (BEP). METHODS: Parents of 205 patients attending the Pediatric Cardiology Clinics at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, King Fahad University Hospital, Al-Khobar and Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from July 1999 to June 2000, were interviewed by a standard questionnaire pertaining to their knowledge of their child9s cardiac disease, medications, and BEP. The patients9 cardiac lesions and current medications were verified by a review of medical records. Each patient9s need for BEP was determined according to American Heart Association recommendations. …
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Phenotypes In Patients With Lung, Prostate And Breast Cancer, Zeyad J. El-Akawi, Fatin K. Al-Hindawi
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Phenotypes In Patients With Lung, Prostate And Breast Cancer, Zeyad J. El-Akawi, Fatin K. Al-Hindawi
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: Determination of Alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1-AT) phenotypes in Jordanian patients with lung, prostate and breast cancer to find a prevalent phenotype that could be recommended for the early diagnosis of cancer. METHODS: This study was conducted at Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, during the period May 2001 to May 2002. Alpha1-AT phenotypes for 83 Jordanian cancer patients distributed as follows, 25 lung cancer, 25 prostate cancer and 33 with breast cancer, were tested using isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis and immunofixation techniques. RESULTS: Isoelectric focusing results demonstrated that 96% of lung cancer patients were of PiMM phenotype and 4% …
Effect Of Diclofenac Alone Or In Combination With Alpha-Tocopherol On The Oxidative Activity Of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes In Healthy And Osteoarthritic Individuals, Abdurhman S. Al-Arfaj, Suliman R. Alballa, Ali A. Mustafa, Ali S. Al-Tuwaijri, Abdullah N. Al-Dalaan, M. S. Al-Humayyd
Effect Of Diclofenac Alone Or In Combination With Alpha-Tocopherol On The Oxidative Activity Of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes In Healthy And Osteoarthritic Individuals, Abdurhman S. Al-Arfaj, Suliman R. Alballa, Ali A. Mustafa, Ali S. Al-Tuwaijri, Abdullah N. Al-Dalaan, M. S. Al-Humayyd
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of diclofenac alone or when combined with alpha-tocopherol on the oxidative activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in healthy and osteoarthritic (OA) patients. METHODS: The study was carried out at the College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, over the period 1999 to 2000. Twelve healthy controls and 12 osteoarthritic patients were recruited to the study. Twelve healthy controls and osteoarthritic patients were given diclofenac 50 mg thrice daily orally, initially for 5 days then alpha-tocopherol at 200 mg thrice daily orally, was added for another 5 days. Blood samples were drawn …
Prevalence Of Hepatitis C Virus Among Bilharziasis Patients, Zaheer A. Khan, Ibrahim S. Alkhalife, Sami E. Fathalla
Prevalence Of Hepatitis C Virus Among Bilharziasis Patients, Zaheer A. Khan, Ibrahim S. Alkhalife, Sami E. Fathalla
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with concurrent Schistosoma mansoni infestation has emerged as a major cause of chronic liver disease and liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HCV among bilharzia patients. METHODS: The study was conducted at the Viral Diagnostic and Parasitology Departments, Regional Laboratory and Blood Bank, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from August 1999 to July 2000. Sera from a total of 405 patients, including 356 Saudi nationals and 49 non-Saudis, who had a clinical suspicion of bilharziasis were tested, using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for HCV infection and indirect …
The Effect Of Glycemic Control In Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Diabetes-Related Dyslipidemia, Abdel-Gayoum A. Abdel-Gayoum
The Effect Of Glycemic Control In Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Diabetes-Related Dyslipidemia, Abdel-Gayoum A. Abdel-Gayoum
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: The study was planned to investigate whether the serum lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus was different between groups of patients classified as having good, satisfactory or poor glycemic controls, depending on their serum fructosamine levels. METHODS: The study was carried out in the Department of Laboratory, Dammam College for Health Sciences, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between February 2003 to June 2003. Clinical laboratory data from diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were used in the study. One hundred and nineteen patient9s data were randomly selected, and according to their serum fructosamine levels, the patients were divided into …
Cigarette Smoking Behavior Among Male Secondary School Students In The Central Region Of Saudi Arabia, Saleh A. Al-Damegh, Mahmoud A. Saleh, Mohammed A. Al-Alfi, Ibrahim A. Al-Hoqail
Cigarette Smoking Behavior Among Male Secondary School Students In The Central Region Of Saudi Arabia, Saleh A. Al-Damegh, Mahmoud A. Saleh, Mohammed A. Al-Alfi, Ibrahim A. Al-Hoqail
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to examine the smoking habits among male secondary school students in Al-Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and to assess their knowledge and attitudes towards smoking. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Qassim region, KSA during March 2003. Randomly selected was 14 out of 110 government male secondary schools. In the sample section, care was taken to represent urban and rural communities. In urban areas, 8 schools with the largest number of students were selected. This is in addition to 3 schools, which were the only schools with special education on Islamic, Commercial and …
Portal Vein Thrombosis After Splenectomy For Beta-Thalassemia Major, Zakaria M. Al-Hawsawi, Ammar S. Haouimi, Ahmad M. Tarawah
Portal Vein Thrombosis After Splenectomy For Beta-Thalassemia Major, Zakaria M. Al-Hawsawi, Ammar S. Haouimi, Ahmad M. Tarawah
Saudi Medical Journal
Portal vein thrombosis is a recognized complication after splenectomy in beta-thalassemia major due to the chronic hypercoagulable state which has been recognized to exist in childhood thalassemia and contribute to thromboembolic events. We are reporting one patient with beta-thalassemia major developed portal vein thrombosis following splenectomy.
Primary Actinomycosis Of The Abdominal Wall, Kamran Khalid, Shabir A. Qazi, Khalid A. Al-Saleh
Primary Actinomycosis Of The Abdominal Wall, Kamran Khalid, Shabir A. Qazi, Khalid A. Al-Saleh
Saudi Medical Journal
Primary actinomycosis of the abdominal wall is a rare clinical entity. Only 7 adequately described cases have been reported in the English literature. We report a case of isolated abdominal wall actinomycosis involving the left lower quadrant of the abdominal wall in a 32-year-old diabetic male. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination. Surgical drainage of the abscess followed by long-term administration of penicillin resulted in cure. The clinicopathological spectrum of actinomycosis is reviewed and isolated involvement of the abdominal wall is characterized in light of the knowledge acquired from the available literature on this rare clinical presentation. The significance …
Katayama Syndrome, Mohamed I. Yasawy
Katayama Syndrome, Mohamed I. Yasawy
Saudi Medical Journal
Two schoolboys from a non-endemic region visited an endemic area of Schistosomiasis in Yemen. They developed cutaneous itching after swimming in infected ponds. Five weeks later both brothers were admitted to the hospital with high fever, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. The blood results exhibited marked eosinophilia and schistosomal serological test showed an evidence of exposure. Initially, stool examinations were negative, but the sigmoidoscopy was suggestive for acute bilharzial colitis and the biopsy showed schistosoma ova; a finding consistent with Katayama syndrome. Both patients treated with Praziquantel, and they became asymptomatic, and the eosinophilia normalized. This report shows the importance …
Perinatal Mortality Rate In A Teaching Hospital In Sudan. Review Of 15 Years, Saad E. Dafallah, Hydar Elhadi
Perinatal Mortality Rate In A Teaching Hospital In Sudan. Review Of 15 Years, Saad E. Dafallah, Hydar Elhadi
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Barbexaclone Use In Pregnancy, Fusun Yaris, Mine Kadioglu, Murat Kesim, Cunay Ulku, Ersin Yaris, Nuri I. Kalyoncu
Barbexaclone Use In Pregnancy, Fusun Yaris, Mine Kadioglu, Murat Kesim, Cunay Ulku, Ersin Yaris, Nuri I. Kalyoncu
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
No Evidence Of Persistent Helicobacter Pylori Infection In Peripheral Blood Of Patients With Coronary Heart Disease, Abdulaziz S. Al-Khattaf
No Evidence Of Persistent Helicobacter Pylori Infection In Peripheral Blood Of Patients With Coronary Heart Disease, Abdulaziz S. Al-Khattaf
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Physical Assault On A Medical Resident, Mohammad A. Bakhotmah, Mansour M. Al-Nozha, Abdullah H. Al-Zayed, Anwar A. Jammah
Physical Assault On A Medical Resident, Mohammad A. Bakhotmah, Mansour M. Al-Nozha, Abdullah H. Al-Zayed, Anwar A. Jammah
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Food Poisoning In Saudi Arabia. Potential For Prevention?, Yagob Y. Al-Mazrou
Food Poisoning In Saudi Arabia. Potential For Prevention?, Yagob Y. Al-Mazrou
Saudi Medical Journal
Food poisoning is becoming a very important health problem both internationally and in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Salmonella species (spp) is the most important pathogen, but due to the extensive effort carried by the health authorities to prevent or eradicate communicable diseases, new pathogens are now emerging such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Norwalk like viruses. This review paper highlights the magnitude and determinants of food poisoning internationally and in KSA, and proposes some recommendations on its prevention. Clearly, there is a steady increase in the food poisoning accidents in KSA, especially during the summer months and …
Intestinal Parasites Among Presumably Healthy Individuals In Lebanon, Bassem R. Saab, Umaya Musharrafieh, Nabil T. Nassar, Mustafa Khogali, George F. Araj
Intestinal Parasites Among Presumably Healthy Individuals In Lebanon, Bassem R. Saab, Umaya Musharrafieh, Nabil T. Nassar, Mustafa Khogali, George F. Araj
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence period of intestinal parasites among presumably healthy subjects in Lebanon. METHODS: One stool specimen from 2634 presumably healthy Lebanese subjects, mean age 32.1 years with a range of 14-71 years, resident of different areas in Lebanon was examined for the presence of parasites. The analysis took place in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon, over 25-months between 1995-1997. RESULTS: The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 12.4%. The most common parasites identified were Escherichia coli (3.8%), Giardia lamblia (3.1%) and Entamoeba histolytica (2.3%). CONCLUSION: …
The Watched Structure Clinical Examination (Wasce) As A Tool Of Assessment
The Watched Structure Clinical Examination (Wasce) As A Tool Of Assessment
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: Assessment of medical students9 clinical competencies is still evolving. The aim of this study was to find out the effectiveness of a new tool of assessment to assess medical students at the end of clinical rotations. METHODS: A new tool has been developed in the College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain, called the Watched Structure Clinical Examination (WASCE). It was used at the end of the Family Medicine clinical rotation during the academic year 2000-2001 involving 62 final year students. RESULTS: The study found a significant statistical correlation between the students9 results in the …
Effects Of Short Term Metformin Administration On Androgens In Diabetic Men, Nadima S. Shegem, Anwar M. Batieha, Hatem El-Shanti, Kamel M. Ajlouni
Effects Of Short Term Metformin Administration On Androgens In Diabetic Men, Nadima S. Shegem, Anwar M. Batieha, Hatem El-Shanti, Kamel M. Ajlouni
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: Metformin, an oral hypoglycemic agent, has several other metabolic and hormonal effects. This study aims at identifying the metabolic effect of metformin on androgens in diabetic men. METHODS: The study was conducted at The National Center for Diabetes Endocrinology and Genetics, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan from April 2001 to September 2001. We studied 15 men with type 2 diabetes mellitus by measuring fasting serum glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, total and free testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, 17-OH progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone before and after a short course of metformin. RESULTS: There was a …
A Major Pitfall In The Search Strategy On Pubmed, Ghazi O. Tadmouri, Nisrine Bissar-Tadmouri
A Major Pitfall In The Search Strategy On Pubmed, Ghazi O. Tadmouri, Nisrine Bissar-Tadmouri
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Prevalence Of Hbv, Hcv, Hiv-1, 2 And Htlv-I/Ii Infections Among Blood Donors In A Teaching Hospital In The Central Region Of Saudi Arabia, Malak M. El-Hazmi
Prevalence Of Hbv, Hcv, Hiv-1, 2 And Htlv-I/Ii Infections Among Blood Donors In A Teaching Hospital In The Central Region Of Saudi Arabia, Malak M. El-Hazmi
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: Several infectious diseases are transmissible by blood transfusion, especially viral infections. The most common blood-transmitted viruses are hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These viruses cause fatal, chronic and life-threatening disorders. The prevalence of these viruses varies by nationality and geography. The purpose of this study was to establish the current prevalence of hepatitis viruses (B and C) and human retroviruses (HIV-1, 2 and human T-lymphotropic virus type I and II, HTLV-I /II) among blood donors at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS: Serological markers of …
The Effect Of Ramadan Fasting On Amniotic Fluid Volume, Zahra Kamyabi, Tayebeh Naderi
The Effect Of Ramadan Fasting On Amniotic Fluid Volume, Zahra Kamyabi, Tayebeh Naderi
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the influence of Ramadan fasting on amniotic fluid volume. METHODS: For this purpose 2 groups of fasting (n=28) and non-fasting (n=25) pregnant women were investigated for amniotic fluid index (AFI) and deepest vertical pocket of amniotic fluid in November (Ramadan month) of 2001-2002 in Kerman Prenatal Clinics in Kerman, Iran. Mean of gestational age based on the last menstrual period and ultrasound reports were 29.6 +/- 5.8 week and 29.5 +/- 4.2 week in fasting and non-fasting groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in age, gestational …