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Bilateral Multicystic Renal Dysplasia With Potter Sequence, Fuad I. Abbag, Ahmet Dursun
Bilateral Multicystic Renal Dysplasia With Potter Sequence, Fuad I. Abbag, Ahmet Dursun
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Analysis Of Saudi Medical Journal Publications In Pubmed, January 2001-November 2006, Mustafa Afifi
Analysis Of Saudi Medical Journal Publications In Pubmed, January 2001-November 2006, Mustafa Afifi
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Prevalence Of Passive Smoking In Children And Adolescents In Kahramanmaras, Turkey, Mustafa Celik, Hasan C. Ekerbicer, Ufuk G. Ergun, Ekrem Guler, Deniz Kaya
Prevalence Of Passive Smoking In Children And Adolescents In Kahramanmaras, Turkey, Mustafa Celik, Hasan C. Ekerbicer, Ufuk G. Ergun, Ekrem Guler, Deniz Kaya
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Reconstruction Of Diabetic Foot Ulcers By Lateral Supramalleolar Flap, Huseyin S. Yercan, Tackin Ozalp, Guvenir Okcu
Reconstruction Of Diabetic Foot Ulcers By Lateral Supramalleolar Flap, Huseyin S. Yercan, Tackin Ozalp, Guvenir Okcu
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To report a series of 8 diabetic patients in whom the reconstruction of large-sized defect of the foot was performed using lateral supramalleolar flap. METHODS: Coverage of the soft tissue defect was carried out by a lateral supramalleolar flap in 8 patients who had large-sized, non-healing ulcers at the Celal Bayar University, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Manisa, Turkey, between 1998-2003. The mean age was 54 years. Preoperatively Doppler flowmeter evaluation was performed, and the ischemic index was calculated in all patients. RESULTS: The flaps survived except for one patient who had a large defect on the heel with …
Effects Of Standard And Low Dose 17beta-Estradiol Plus Norethisterone Acetate On Body Composition And Leptin In Postmenopausal Women At Risk Of Body Mass Index And Waist Girth Related Cardiovascular And Metabolic Disease, Ali R. Odabasi, Hasan Yuksel, Aslihan Karul, Didem Kozaci, Selda D. Sezer, Ergun Onur
Effects Of Standard And Low Dose 17beta-Estradiol Plus Norethisterone Acetate On Body Composition And Leptin In Postmenopausal Women At Risk Of Body Mass Index And Waist Girth Related Cardiovascular And Metabolic Disease, Ali R. Odabasi, Hasan Yuksel, Aslihan Karul, Didem Kozaci, Selda D. Sezer, Ergun Onur
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of standard and low dose of 17beta-estradiol/norethisterone acetate (E2/NETA) on body composition and leptin in postmenopausal women at risk of body mass index (BMI) -and waist girth (WG) related cardiovascular and metabolic disease. METHODS: Ninety postmenopausal women aged 45-55 years with BMI >/= 25 kg/m2 participated in this 6-month prospective, randomized, single-blinded and controlled study, conducted between September 2004 and April 2006 at Adnan Menderes University Hospital. According to their WG, the subjects were divided into 2 risk groups: WG <88 cm (Group increased risk [IR], n=48) or WG >/= 88 cm (Group high risk [HR], n=42). The subjects in each group were equally …
A Forgotten Complication Following Pancreatic Resection. Visceral Artery Pseudo-Aneurysms, Yao-Kuang Huang, Ming-Shian Lu, Feng-Chun Tsai, Po-Jen Ko, Hung-Chang Hsieh, Pyng-Jing Lin
A Forgotten Complication Following Pancreatic Resection. Visceral Artery Pseudo-Aneurysms, Yao-Kuang Huang, Ming-Shian Lu, Feng-Chun Tsai, Po-Jen Ko, Hung-Chang Hsieh, Pyng-Jing Lin
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Is Hepatocellular Carcinoma Preventable?, Bandar Al Knawy
Is Hepatocellular Carcinoma Preventable?, Bandar Al Knawy
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Comparison Of Arterial And Venous Blood Gases Analysis In Patients With Exacerbation Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Ebrahim Razi, Gholam A. Moosavi
Comparison Of Arterial And Venous Blood Gases Analysis In Patients With Exacerbation Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Ebrahim Razi, Gholam A. Moosavi
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether venous blood gases (VBG) test can be replace by an arterial blood gases (ABG) in exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: From October 2005 to March 2006, at the Emergency Room of Kashan Beheshti Hospital, the data of 107 patients with exacerbation of COPD were assessed. Arterial blood gases and VBG samples were obtained simultaneously, and indexes of pH, carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3), oxygen partial pressure (PO2) and Oxygen (O2) saturation level were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean ± SD of indexes in ABG and VBG samples were as follows: pH = …
Comparison Of Blood Lead Levels Of Mothers And Cord Blood In Intrauterine Growth Retarded Neonates And Normal Term Neonates, Ramin Iranpour, Amir A. Besharati, Fatemeh Nasseri, Mahin Hashemipour, Mahdi Balali-Mood, Roya Kelishadi
Comparison Of Blood Lead Levels Of Mothers And Cord Blood In Intrauterine Growth Retarded Neonates And Normal Term Neonates, Ramin Iranpour, Amir A. Besharati, Fatemeh Nasseri, Mahin Hashemipour, Mahdi Balali-Mood, Roya Kelishadi
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To compare the blood lead levels of mothers and cord blood in intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) neonates and normal term neonates. METHODS: From April to December 2005, we carried out a cross-sectional, prospective study in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Blood lead levels were measured in the umbilical cord and maternal venous blood samples in 32 mother-infant pairs with IUGR full term neonates, and 34 mother-infant pairs with normal full term neonates. Blood-lead levels were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. RESULTS: The mean lead concentration in neonates of IUGR and normal groups was not significantly different (107.47 …
A National Study Of Gynecological Morbidities In Oman. Effect Of Women's Autonomy, Asya Al-Riyami, Mustafa Afifi, Magdi Morsi, Ruth Mabry
A National Study Of Gynecological Morbidities In Oman. Effect Of Women's Autonomy, Asya Al-Riyami, Mustafa Afifi, Magdi Morsi, Ruth Mabry
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of gynecological morbidities and other related morbidities; and to examine the effect of women empowerment on the reproductive tract infections among currently married Omani women. METHODS: This study is a part of the National Health Survey in the Sultanate of Oman, conducted between January and March 2000. The total number of households selected was 1968 with a total of 2037 ever-married women aged 15-49 years, of them 1662 were eligible to complete the gynecological morbidity symptoms questionnaire and to be clinically examined for gynecological morbidities. RESULTS: Despite the free facilities provided, one in every 4 …
Relationship Of Body Weight And Volume Of Liver. A Morphometrical And Stereological Study, Berrin Z. Altunkaynak, Muhammed E. Altunkaynak
Relationship Of Body Weight And Volume Of Liver. A Morphometrical And Stereological Study, Berrin Z. Altunkaynak, Muhammed E. Altunkaynak
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between high-fat diet induced obesity and hepatomegaly, and to investigate whether obesity, or hepatomegaly, or both are related to gender. METHODS: This study was performed in 2003 at Ataturk University, Erzurum Turkey. Ten adult Sprague Dawley rats (5 male, 5 female) were fed with a diet that constituted highly of fat (30%) for duration of 3 months. Ten control animals (5 male, 5 female) were maintained with standard chow. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed with Sevorane. The body mass index (BMI) of all animals was calculated. Finally, the removed livers were …
Helicobacter Pylori Prevalence Among Medical Students In A High Endemic Area, Majid A. Almadi, Abdulrahman M. Aljebreen, Fadi A. Tounesi, Ayman A. Abdo
Helicobacter Pylori Prevalence Among Medical Students In A High Endemic Area, Majid A. Almadi, Abdulrahman M. Aljebreen, Fadi A. Tounesi, Ayman A. Abdo
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) among Saudi medical students. METHODS: Volunteer medical students were randomly selected in the College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from January 2005 to May 2005. A urea breath test (UBT) was performed for each medical student. Important demographic data was recorded. Each student had to answer a questionnaire on upper gastrointestinal (UGI) symptoms before the UBT. RESULTS: A total of 120 students were recruited (73 males [61%] and 47 females [39%]) with a mean age of 22.2 years (age varied from 18 to 28 years). The prevalence …
Effect Of Salt Intake On Blood Pressure In Diabetic Hypertensive Patients In Saudi Arabia, Abdulkareem Alsuwaida
Effect Of Salt Intake On Blood Pressure In Diabetic Hypertensive Patients In Saudi Arabia, Abdulkareem Alsuwaida
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To understand the impact of salt intake on blood pressure and to assess the application of international management guidelines in Saudi diabetic hypertensive patients. METHODS: We recruited 112 consecutive diabetic hypertensive patients visiting the diabetic and nephrology clinic at the King Khalid University Hospital between July 2005 and January 2006. Participants received complete medical assessment and their 24 hours urine sodium was measured. Patients on diuretics were excluded from the study. RESULTS: A significant correlation between 24 hours urine sodium and diastolic blood pressure concentration was observed (r = 0.25, p=0.04) but not with systolic blood pressure (r =0.06, …
Tracheobronchial Straight Metallic Pin Aspiration In Young Jordanian Females, Haytham M. El-Khushman, Abdelmonem M. Sharara, Manaf A. Hijazi
Tracheobronchial Straight Metallic Pin Aspiration In Young Jordanian Females, Haytham M. El-Khushman, Abdelmonem M. Sharara, Manaf A. Hijazi
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To define the clinical spectrum of tracheobronchial straight metallic pin aspiration in adults, assess predisposing conditions, evaluate the efficacy of bronchoscopy, and determine the outcome and complications at the largest 2 hospitals in Jordan. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 60 consecutive clinical cases from 2 referral-based medical centers (32 patients at King Hussein Medical Center [KHMC] and 28 patients at Al-Basheer Hospital). Medical records of adult patients (>13 years of age) who presented with history of straight metallic pin aspiration over 6-year period (July 2000 and July 2006) were analyzed. Clinico-radiological features and location of the pins were studied. …
Sleep Medicine Service In Saudi Arabia. A Quantitative Assessment, Ahmed S. Bahammam, Bandar Aljafen
Sleep Medicine Service In Saudi Arabia. A Quantitative Assessment, Ahmed S. Bahammam, Bandar Aljafen
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To assess quantitatively sleep medicine services in Saudi Arabia (KSA) and identify obstacles that face specialists and hospitals and preclude the establishment of this service. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to 53 major governmental and private hospitals in KSA on September 2005. The response rate was 69.8%. Data were coded and analyzed. RESULTS: The survey identified 9 sleep disorders facilities in KSA; 7 were defined as sleep disorders centers and 2 as sleep laboratory using the American Academy of Sleep Medicine definitions. The per capita polysomnography (PSG) rate was 7.1 PSG/year/100,000 population, which was much lower than the …
A Randomized Trial Of Smoking Cessation. Medication Versus Motivation, Meral Uyar, Ayten Filiz, Nazan Bayram, Osman Elbek, Hasan Herken, Ayfer Topcu, Oner Dikensoy, Erhan Ekinci
A Randomized Trial Of Smoking Cessation. Medication Versus Motivation, Meral Uyar, Ayten Filiz, Nazan Bayram, Osman Elbek, Hasan Herken, Ayfer Topcu, Oner Dikensoy, Erhan Ekinci
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: A prospective randomized study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness and side effect profiles of nicotine patch and bupropion therapies for smoking cessation. METHODS: Three hundred and fifty patients were referred to our smoking cessation program in the Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Gaziantep University between September 2002 and July 2003. Of these, only 131patients fulfilled the trial criteria. We randomized the patients into nicotine patch (n=50), bupropion (n=50) and control groups (n=31). Cases were followed up for 24 weeks. Questionnaires including the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence and Beck Depression Inventory were carried out at initial evaluation. Declaration of …
Multiple Authorship Trends In Prestigious Journals From 1950 To 2005, Sami Shaban
Multiple Authorship Trends In Prestigious Journals From 1950 To 2005, Sami Shaban
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: Editors of many established journals have noticed throughout the years an increase in the number of authors per article. I wish to put this theory to rest by calculating this linear increase for several prestigious journals. METHODS: I chose several prestigious journals and obtained authorship information for all articles published throughout the existence of these journals from the PubMed website. The data collection was performed on January 22, 2006, and was performed for the years from 1/1/1950 to 12/31/2005 for each journal. With the use of several self-developed software programs and database queries, I was able to calculate the …
Spirituality, Religiosity, And Dealing With Illness In Arabic And German Patients, Arndt Bussing, Wael M. Abu-Hassan, Peter F. Matthiessen, Thomas Ostermann
Spirituality, Religiosity, And Dealing With Illness In Arabic And German Patients, Arndt Bussing, Wael M. Abu-Hassan, Peter F. Matthiessen, Thomas Ostermann
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of spirituality and religiosity (SpR) in Arabic patients with a Muslim background as compared to patients from Western Germany. METHODS: A total of 66 Arabic patients with hypertension were recruited between November 2005 and June 2006 consecutively at Al-Razi Hospital and Khalil Sulaiman Hospital in Jenin (Palestine) and completed the translated SpREUK questionnaire (SpREUK is an acronym of the German translation of spiritual and religious attitudes in dealing with illness). One hundred and eighty German patients were matched according to age, marital status, gender, and chronic diseases. RESULTS: Arabic patients with a Muslim background had …
Malignant Mesochymal Tumor Of The Spermatic Cord. A Rare Para Testicular Tumor, Theophilus V. Bhushan, Santhosh Patil, Rajkumar D. Mastolilmath
Malignant Mesochymal Tumor Of The Spermatic Cord. A Rare Para Testicular Tumor, Theophilus V. Bhushan, Santhosh Patil, Rajkumar D. Mastolilmath
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Isoniazid Susceptibilities Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis On Blood Agar, Cilem Yildiz, Mahmut Ulger, Gonul Aslan, Gurol Emekdas
Isoniazid Susceptibilities Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis On Blood Agar, Cilem Yildiz, Mahmut Ulger, Gonul Aslan, Gurol Emekdas
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Is Easily Mistaken For More Common Lung Diseases, Wanis H. Ibrahim, Hilal B. Shawki
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Is Easily Mistaken For More Common Lung Diseases, Wanis H. Ibrahim, Hilal B. Shawki
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Intrauterine Device And Oral Contraceptive On Vaginal Flora And Epithelium, Sabahattin Ocak, Meryem Cetin, Sibel Hakverdi, Kenan Dolapcioglu, Arif Gungoren, Ali U. Hakverdi
Effects Of Intrauterine Device And Oral Contraceptive On Vaginal Flora And Epithelium, Sabahattin Ocak, Meryem Cetin, Sibel Hakverdi, Kenan Dolapcioglu, Arif Gungoren, Ali U. Hakverdi
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the microbial and cytopathological changes and genital symptoms in oral contraceptive pill (OCP) and intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) users. METHODS: Included in the study were 34 women using OCP and 34 women using IUCD for 24 to 36 months period and 34 women as control group. We conducted the study between March to September 2005 in Antakya Maternity Hospital, Turkey. Vaginal discharge was subjected to wet mount examination, gram staining, and culture. Cervical smears were examined and reported using the Bethesda system as reference. RESULTS: In the IUCD group, women with intermediate score was 20.6%, while those …
Five-Year Surveillance Of Chickenpox In Qassim, Central Saudi Arabia, Saulat Jahan, Abdullah M. Al-Saigul, Shamandy A. Hamed
Five-Year Surveillance Of Chickenpox In Qassim, Central Saudi Arabia, Saulat Jahan, Abdullah M. Al-Saigul, Shamandy A. Hamed
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Comparison Between Intraarticular Triamcinolone Acetonide And Methylprednisolone Acetate Injections In Treatment Of Frozen Shoulder, Riyadh A. Sakeni, Marwan Sm Al-Nimer
Comparison Between Intraarticular Triamcinolone Acetonide And Methylprednisolone Acetate Injections In Treatment Of Frozen Shoulder, Riyadh A. Sakeni, Marwan Sm Al-Nimer
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg) and methylprednisolone acetate (60 mg) in Iraqi patients with primary and secondary frozen shoulder. METHODS: A total number of 135 (93 males and 42 females) patients with frozen shoulder, allocated at outpatient clinic of rheumatology in Al-Yarmook Teaching Hospital (Baghdad-Iraq) from January 2004 to December 2005, were enrolled in non-controlled clinical trial. The diagnosis of frozen shoulder was made using the guidelines for shoulder complaint issued by the Dutch College of General Practitioners. Intraarticular injections of 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide (46 males and 22 females) or 60 mg methylprednisolone acetate …
Hearing Threshold In Patients With Chronic Renal Failure, Akeem O. Lasisi, Babatunde L. Salako, Mohammed A. Kodiya, Mohammed A. Amusat, Wemimo P. Osisanya
Hearing Threshold In Patients With Chronic Renal Failure, Akeem O. Lasisi, Babatunde L. Salako, Mohammed A. Kodiya, Mohammed A. Amusat, Wemimo P. Osisanya
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To determine the pattern of hearing loss among patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). METHODS: This is a case control study carried out jointly by the Otorhinolaryngology and Nephrology Departments of the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria between December 2004 and March 2006. Consecutive CRF patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria were recruited, the patients had not had hemodialysis prior to inception of the study. Parameters like age, gender, duration of illness and blood pressure were recorded and pure tone audiometry was carried out. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. RESULTS: Thirty-three CRF patients …
The Cost Of New Therapies In Cardiovascular Care. Time For Hope Or Despair For Developing Countries, Abdallah F. Omeish
The Cost Of New Therapies In Cardiovascular Care. Time For Hope Or Despair For Developing Countries, Abdallah F. Omeish
Saudi Medical Journal
In recent years, remarkable therapeutic advances have been made in the field of interventional cardiology with the introduction of statins, thienopyridines, such as clopidogrel and drug-eluting stents. Only a small minority in developing countries can afford these new treatment modalities, while the public health system would be rapidly bankrupted if it were to provide these modalities for all patients who might benefit from it. The purpose of this review article is to provide insight regarding the cost-effectiveness of these new treatment strategies and to address the added costs resulting upon their adoption and their appropriateness in developing countries.
Expression Of P21 And P27 In Gallbladder Cancer, Fawzi M. Alsheyab, Moroug T. Ziadeh, Kamal E. Bani-Hani
Expression Of P21 And P27 In Gallbladder Cancer, Fawzi M. Alsheyab, Moroug T. Ziadeh, Kamal E. Bani-Hani
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of p21 and p27 factors in gallbladder cancer (GBC), and to correlate their expression with clinicopathological parameters: age, gender, stage, invasion, and grade. METHODS: Thirty-two surgically resected specimens were collected between 1994-2001 from different health centers in north Jordan. Tissues belong to 25 females and 7 males were examined immunohistochemically. The study took place in the Pathology Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan. RESULTS: Levels of p21 were found in 75% and p27 in 25%. Furthermore, p21 was expressed in 50% of the specimens which are belong to patients with ages <64 years, whereas all specimens for ages >64 years …
Homeostasis Status Between Prooxidants And Antioxidants As A Potent Marker In Iranian Preeclamptic Patients, Mohammad H. Dehghan, Ahmad Daryani, Robabeh Dehghanan
Homeostasis Status Between Prooxidants And Antioxidants As A Potent Marker In Iranian Preeclamptic Patients, Mohammad H. Dehghan, Ahmad Daryani, Robabeh Dehghanan
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To measure the plasma oxidant, lipid peroxidation and antioxidants, ascorbate, to magnify the prooxidants and antioxidants status as a marker of pre-eclampsia. METHODS: Included in the study were 50 preeclamptic and 100 normotensive pregnant women of singleton gestations in their third trimester, presented in Allavi Hospitals in Ardabil province of Iran from August 2004 to April 2005. Among these patients plasma malonaldehyde (MDA) and vitamin C concentration were analyzed. Blood samples (5 ml) were collected aseptically in heparin bulb. Spectrophotometric methods were employed to determine the plasma concentrations of vitamin C. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences software was …
Utilization Of Antenatal Care Services By Sudanese Women In Their Reproductive Age, Adil H. Ibnouf, Hubertus W. Van Den Borne, Johannes A. Maarse
Utilization Of Antenatal Care Services By Sudanese Women In Their Reproductive Age, Adil H. Ibnouf, Hubertus W. Van Den Borne, Johannes A. Maarse
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To describe the current antenatal care situation in Sudan with regard to routine utilization of antenatal health care services and application of tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccination in urban and rural areas. METHODS: The study was conducted in Khartoum State, Sudan, between August and December 2002. Interviews were held among a representative sample of 400 married women aged 15-49 years from both urban and rural localities. Utilization of antenatal care and TT vaccine for pregnant women were used as dependent variables while socio-economic status, place of resident, women9s education, quality of care and walk-time were applied as independent variables. RESULTS: …
Level Of Health Awareness Of Saudi Patients On Renal Replacement Therapy, Fayez F. Hejaili, Hani Tamim, Ghormullah A. Ghamdi, Ahmed I. Flaiw, Abdulaziz A. Al-Juhani, Saadi M. Taher, Abdulgader M. Jumani, Mohamed B. Ghalib, Abdulmalik M. Katheri, Amal S. Al-Shami, Abdulla A. Al-Khader
Level Of Health Awareness Of Saudi Patients On Renal Replacement Therapy, Fayez F. Hejaili, Hani Tamim, Ghormullah A. Ghamdi, Ahmed I. Flaiw, Abdulaziz A. Al-Juhani, Saadi M. Taher, Abdulgader M. Jumani, Mohamed B. Ghalib, Abdulmalik M. Katheri, Amal S. Al-Shami, Abdulla A. Al-Khader
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To assess health awareness in patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional survey using a 22-item questionnaire in 143 randomly selected adult RRT patients [40 on hemodialysis (HD), 61 on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 42 with renal transplant (TX)]. The study was carried out at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Riyadh in April 2006. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate patients9 knowledge in 5 areas: 1. causes of renal failure, 2. biology of the kidneys, 3. symptoms of kidney disease, 4. therapeutic options available, 5. national kidney patients support facilities. The association between …