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Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Conditions Under Which Arousal Does And Does Not Elevate Height Estimates, Justin Storbeck, Jeanine K. Stefanucci
Conditions Under Which Arousal Does And Does Not Elevate Height Estimates, Justin Storbeck, Jeanine K. Stefanucci
Publications and Research
We present a series of experiments that explore the boundary conditions for how emotional arousal influences height estimates. Four experiments are presented, which investigated the influence of context, situation-relevance, intensity, and attribution of arousal on height estimates. In Experiment 1, we manipulated the environmental context to signal either danger (viewing a height from above) or safety (viewing a height from below). High arousal only increased height estimates made from above. In Experiment 2, two arousal inductions were used that contained either 1) height-relevant arousing images or 2) height-irrelevant arousing images. Regardless of theme, arousal increased height estimates compared to a …
Engagement With Care, Substance Use, And Adherence To Therapy In Hiv/Aids, Patrice K. Nicholas, Suzanne Willard, Clinton Thompson, Carol Dawson-Rose, Inge B. Corless, Dean J. Wantland, Elizabeth F. Sefcik, Kathleen M. Nokes, Kenn M. Kirksey, Mary Jane Hamilton, William L. Holzemer, Carmen J. Portillo, Marta Rivero Mendez, Linda M. Robinson, Maria Rosa, Sarie P. Human, Yvette Cuca, Emily Huang, Mary Maryland, John Arudo
Engagement With Care, Substance Use, And Adherence To Therapy In Hiv/Aids, Patrice K. Nicholas, Suzanne Willard, Clinton Thompson, Carol Dawson-Rose, Inge B. Corless, Dean J. Wantland, Elizabeth F. Sefcik, Kathleen M. Nokes, Kenn M. Kirksey, Mary Jane Hamilton, William L. Holzemer, Carmen J. Portillo, Marta Rivero Mendez, Linda M. Robinson, Maria Rosa, Sarie P. Human, Yvette Cuca, Emily Huang, Mary Maryland, John Arudo
Publications and Research
Engagement with care for those living with HIV is aimed at establishing a strong relationship between patients and their health care provider and is often associated with greater adherence to therapy and treatment (Flickinger, Saha, Moore, and Beach, 2013). Substance use behaviors are linked with lower rates of engagement with care and medication adherence (Horvath, Carrico, Simoni, Boyer, Amico, and Petroli, 2013). This study is a secondary data analysis using a cross-sectional design from a larger randomized controlled trial (n = 775) that investigated the efficacy of a self-care symptom management manual for participants living with HIV. Participants were recruited …
An Overview Of Undergraduate Research In The Cuny Community College System, Avrom J. Caplan, Effie S. Maclachlan Phd
An Overview Of Undergraduate Research In The Cuny Community College System, Avrom J. Caplan, Effie S. Maclachlan Phd
Publications and Research
CUNY community colleges occupy a unique niche because they are part of a larger geographically focused university system in which all faculty members are governed by a single set of standards for professional development. Research is clearly a part of the wider institutional culture, and dedicated faculty members who obtained support from state and federal funding agencies have conducted successful student-research programs. Close partnerships between community colleges and their four-year counterparts can contribute to positive student outcomes and to the subsequent transfer of students. The main roadblock to broadening participation is the small number of students who can be supported …
Functionally Distinct Pi 3-Kinase Pathways Regulate Myelination In The Peripheral Nervous System, Bradley A. Heller, Monica Ghidinelli, Jakob Voelkl, Steven Einheber, Ryan Smith, Ethan Grund, Grant Morahan, David Chandler, Luba Kalaydjieva, Filippo Giancotti, Rosalind H. King, Aniko Naray Fejes-Toth, Gerard Fejes-Toth, Maria Laura Feltri, Florian Lang, James L. Salzer
Functionally Distinct Pi 3-Kinase Pathways Regulate Myelination In The Peripheral Nervous System, Bradley A. Heller, Monica Ghidinelli, Jakob Voelkl, Steven Einheber, Ryan Smith, Ethan Grund, Grant Morahan, David Chandler, Luba Kalaydjieva, Filippo Giancotti, Rosalind H. King, Aniko Naray Fejes-Toth, Gerard Fejes-Toth, Maria Laura Feltri, Florian Lang, James L. Salzer
Publications and Research
Functionally and spatially distinct PI 3-K pathways act either early to promote myelination downstream of axonal Neuregulin1 or late to inhibit myelination downstream of α6β4 integrin and Sgk1.
Between Amyloids And Aggregation Lies A Connection With Strength And Adhesion, Peter N. Lipke, Caleen Ramsook, Melissa C. Garcia-Sherman, Desmond N. Jackson, Cho X. J. Chan, Michael Bois, Stephen A. Klotz
Between Amyloids And Aggregation Lies A Connection With Strength And Adhesion, Peter N. Lipke, Caleen Ramsook, Melissa C. Garcia-Sherman, Desmond N. Jackson, Cho X. J. Chan, Michael Bois, Stephen A. Klotz
Publications and Research
We tell of a journey that led to discovery of amyloids formed by yeast cell adhesins and their importance in biofilms and host immunity. We begin with the identification of the adhesin functional amyloid-forming sequences that mediate fiber formation in vitro. Atomic force microscopy and confocal microscopy show 2-dimensional amyloid “nanodomains” on the surface of cells that are activated for adhesion. These nanodomains are arrays of adhesin molecules that bind multivalent ligands with high avidity. Nanodomains form when adhesin molecules are stretched in the AFM or under laminar flow. Treatment with antiamyloid perturbants or mutation of the amyloid sequence prevents …
Self-Assembled Hydrogel Fibers For Sensing The Multi-Compartment Intracellular Milieu, Praveen Kumar Vemula, Jonathan E. Kohler, Amy Blass, Miguel Williams, Chenjie Xu, Lynna Chen, Swapnil R. Jadhav, George John, David I. Soybel, Jeffrey M. Karp
Self-Assembled Hydrogel Fibers For Sensing The Multi-Compartment Intracellular Milieu, Praveen Kumar Vemula, Jonathan E. Kohler, Amy Blass, Miguel Williams, Chenjie Xu, Lynna Chen, Swapnil R. Jadhav, George John, David I. Soybel, Jeffrey M. Karp
Publications and Research
Targeted delivery of drugs and sensors into cells is an attractive technology with both medical and scientific applications. Existing delivery vehicles are generally limited by the complexity of their design, dependence on active transport, and inability to function within cellular compartments. Here, we developed self-assembled nanofibrous hydrogel fibers using a biologically inert, low-molecular-weight amphiphile. Self-assembled nanofibrous hydrogels offer unique physical/mechanical properties and can easily be loaded with a diverse range of payloads. Unlike commercially available E. coli membrane particles covalently bound to the pH reporting dye pHrodo, pHrodo encapsulated in self-assembled hydrogel-fibers internalizes into macrophages at both physiologic (37°C) and …
An Enzymatic Method To Process Decomposed Non-Human Bone For Forensic Dna Analysis, Richard Li, Melissa Gaud, Smriti Nair
An Enzymatic Method To Process Decomposed Non-Human Bone For Forensic Dna Analysis, Richard Li, Melissa Gaud, Smriti Nair
Publications and Research
Forensic analysis of DNA from non-human bones can be important in investigating a variety of forensic cases. However, decomposed bone is difficult to process for isolating DNA. In this study, a previously established enzymatic method was utilized to process bone samples that simulate decomposed specimens. Our results demonstrated that this enzymatic processing method is effective for removing decomposed soft tissues and outer surface materials such as mineralized bone connective tissue of bone fragment samples. Our data suggested that this method can be used in the initial sample preparation for cleaning the outer surface of decomposed non-human skeletal fragments. This study …
Multilocus Coalescent Analyses Reveal The Demographic History Of Mouse Lemur Sister Species., Christopher Blair, Kellie L. Heckman, Amy L. Russell, Anne D. Yoder
Multilocus Coalescent Analyses Reveal The Demographic History Of Mouse Lemur Sister Species., Christopher Blair, Kellie L. Heckman, Amy L. Russell, Anne D. Yoder
Publications and Research
Debate continues as to whether allopatric speciation or peripatric speciation through a founder effect is the predominant force driving evolution in vertebrates. The mouse lemurs of Madagascar are a system in which evolution has generated a large number of species over a relatively recent time frame. Here, we examine speciation patterns in a pair of sister species of mouse lemur, Microcebus murinus and M. griseorufus. These two species have ranges that are disparately proportioned in size, with M. murinus showing a much more extensive range that marginally overlaps that of M. griseorufus. Given that these two species are …
Impairments In Background And Event-Related Alpha-Band Oscillatory Activity In Patients With Schizophrenia, Ilana Y. Abeles, Manuel Gomez-Ramirez
Impairments In Background And Event-Related Alpha-Band Oscillatory Activity In Patients With Schizophrenia, Ilana Y. Abeles, Manuel Gomez-Ramirez
Publications and Research
Studies show that patients with schizophrenia exhibit impaired responses to sensory stimuli, especially at the early stages of neural processing. In particular, patients’ alpha-band (8–14 Hz) event-related desynchronization (ERD) and visual P1 event-related potential (ERP) component tend to be significantly reduced, with P1 ERP deficits greater for visual stimuli biased towards the magnocellular system. In healthy controls, studies show that pre-stimulus alpha (background alpha) plays a pivotal role in sensory processing and behavior, largely by shaping the neural responses to incoming stimuli. Here, we address whether patients’ ERD and P1 deficits stem from impairments in pre-stimulus alpha mechanisms. To address …
What Students Think They Feel Differs From What They Really Feel - Academic Self-Concept Moderates The Discrepancy Between Students' Trait And State Emotional Self-Reports, Madeleine Bieg, Thomas Goetz, Anastasiya A. Lipnevich
What Students Think They Feel Differs From What They Really Feel - Academic Self-Concept Moderates The Discrepancy Between Students' Trait And State Emotional Self-Reports, Madeleine Bieg, Thomas Goetz, Anastasiya A. Lipnevich
Publications and Research
This study investigated whether there is a discrepancy pertaining to trait and state academic emotions and whether self-concept of ability moderates this discrepancy. A total of 225 secondary school students from two different countries enrolled in grades 8 and 11 (German sample; n = 94) and grade 9 (Swiss sample; n = 131) participated. Students' trait academic emotions of enjoyment, pride, anger, and anxiety in mathematics were assessed with a self-report questionnaire, whereas to assess their state academic emotions experience-sampling method was employed. The results revealed that students' scores on the trait assessment of emotions were generally higher than their …
Periodic Heat Shock Accelerated The Chondrogenic Differentiation Of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Pellet Culture, Jing Chen, Chenghai Li, Sihong Wang
Periodic Heat Shock Accelerated The Chondrogenic Differentiation Of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Pellet Culture, Jing Chen, Chenghai Li, Sihong Wang
Publications and Research
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of diseases that seriously affect elderly people's quality of life. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) offer a potential promise for the joint repair in OA patients. However, chondrogenic differentiation from hMSCs in vitro takes a long time (∼6 weeks) and differentiated cells are still not as functionally mature as primary isolated chondrocytes, though chemical stimulations and mechanical loading have been intensively studied to enhance the hMSC differentiation. On the other hand, thermal stimulations of hMSC chondrogenesis have not been well explored. In this study, the direct effects of mild heat shock (HS) on the differentiation of …
Prenatal Cocaine Exposure Uncouples Mglur1 From Homer1 And Gq Proteins, Kalindi Bakshi, Raminder Parihar, Satindra K. Goswami, Melissa Walsh, Eitan Friedman, Hoau-Yan Wang
Prenatal Cocaine Exposure Uncouples Mglur1 From Homer1 And Gq Proteins, Kalindi Bakshi, Raminder Parihar, Satindra K. Goswami, Melissa Walsh, Eitan Friedman, Hoau-Yan Wang
Publications and Research
Cocaine exposure during gestation causes protracted neurobehavioral changes consistent with a compromised glutamatergic system. Although cocaine profoundly disrupts glutamatergic neurotransmission and in utero cocaine exposure negatively affects metabotropic glutamate receptor-type 1 (mGluR1) activity, the effect of prenatal cocaine exposure on mGluR1 signaling and the underlying mechanism responsible for the prenatal cocaine effect remain elusive. Using brains of the 21-day-old (P21) prenatal cocaine-exposed rats, we show that prenatal cocaine exposure uncouples mGluR1s from their associated synaptic anchoring protein, Homer1 and signal transducer, Gq/11 proteins leading to markedly reduced mGluR1-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in frontal cortex (FCX) and hippocampus. This prenatal cocaine-induced effect …
Altering Murine Leukemia Virus Integration Through Disruption Of The Integrase And Bet Protein Family Interaction, Sriram Aiyer, G.V.T. Swapna, Nirav Malani, James M. Aramini, William M. Schneider, Matthew R. Plumb, Mustafa Ghanem, Ross C. Larue, Amit Sharma, Barbara Studamire, Mamuka Kvaratskhelia, Frederic D. Bushman, Gaetano T. Montelione, Monica J. Roth
Altering Murine Leukemia Virus Integration Through Disruption Of The Integrase And Bet Protein Family Interaction, Sriram Aiyer, G.V.T. Swapna, Nirav Malani, James M. Aramini, William M. Schneider, Matthew R. Plumb, Mustafa Ghanem, Ross C. Larue, Amit Sharma, Barbara Studamire, Mamuka Kvaratskhelia, Frederic D. Bushman, Gaetano T. Montelione, Monica J. Roth
Publications and Research
We report alterations to the murine leukemia virus (MLV) integrase (IN) protein that successfully result in decreasing its integration frequency at transcription start sites and CpG islands, thereby reducing the potential for insertional activation. The host bromo and extraterminal (BET) proteins Brd2, 3 and 4 interact with the MLV IN protein primarily through the BET protein ET domain. Using solution NMR, protein interaction studies, and next generation sequencing, we showthat the C-terminal tail peptide region ofMLV IN is important for the interaction with BET proteins and that disruption of this interaction through truncation mutations affects the global targeting profile of …
Chronic Corticosterone Exposure Persistently Elevates The Expression Of Memory-Related Genes In The Lateral Amygdala And Enhances The Consolidation Of A Pavlovian Fear Memory, Melissa S. Monsey, Lara M. Boyle, Melinda L. Zhang, Caroline P. Nguyen, Hope G. Kronman, Kristie T. Ota, Ronald S. Duman, Jane R. Taylor, Glenn E. Schafe
Chronic Corticosterone Exposure Persistently Elevates The Expression Of Memory-Related Genes In The Lateral Amygdala And Enhances The Consolidation Of A Pavlovian Fear Memory, Melissa S. Monsey, Lara M. Boyle, Melinda L. Zhang, Caroline P. Nguyen, Hope G. Kronman, Kristie T. Ota, Ronald S. Duman, Jane R. Taylor, Glenn E. Schafe
Publications and Research
Chronic exposure to stress has been widely implicated in the development of anxiety disorders, yet relatively little is known about the long-term effects of chronic stress on amygdala-dependent memory formation. Here, we examined the effects of a history of chronic exposure to the stress-associated adrenal steroid corticosterone (CORT) on the consolidation of a fear memory and the expression of memory-related immediate early genes (IEGs) in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA). Rats received chronic exposure to CORT (50 μg/ml) in their drinking water for 2 weeks and were then titrated off the CORT for an additional 6 days followed …
Synergism Between Airborne Singlet Oxygen And A Trisubstituted Olefin Sulfonate For The Inactivation Of Bacteria, Rajib Choudhury, Alexander Greer
Synergism Between Airborne Singlet Oxygen And A Trisubstituted Olefin Sulfonate For The Inactivation Of Bacteria, Rajib Choudhury, Alexander Greer
Publications and Research
The reactivity of a trisubstituted alkene surfactant (8-methylnon-7-ene-1 sulfonate, 1) to airborne singlet oxygen in a solution containing E. coli was examined. Surfactant 1 was prepared by a Strecker-type reaction of 9-bromo-2-methylnon-2-ene with sodium sulfite. Submicellar concentrations of 1 were used that reacted with singlet oxygen by an “ene” reaction to yield two hydroperoxides (7-hydroperoxy-8-methylnon-8-ene-1 sulfonate and (E)-8-hydroperoxy-8-methylnon-6-ene-1 sulfonate) in a 4:1 ratio. Exchanging the H2O solution for D2O where the lifetime of solution-phase singlet oxygen increases by 20-fold led to an ∼2-fold increase in the yield of hydroperoxides pointing to surface activity …
Chagas Disease In The 21st Century: A Public Health Success Or An Emerging Threat?, Kevin M. Bonney
Chagas Disease In The 21st Century: A Public Health Success Or An Emerging Threat?, Kevin M. Bonney
Publications and Research
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is a major public health burden in Latin America and a potentially serious emerging threat to a number of countries throughout the world. Although public health programs have significantly reduced the prevalence of Chagas disease in Latin America in recent decades, the number of infections in the United States and non-endemic countries in Europe and the Western Pacific Region continues to rise. Moreover, there is still no vaccine or highly effective cure available for the approximately 10 million people currently infected with T. cruzi, a third of which will develop potentially …
Cretaceous-Paleogene Dinoflagellate Biostratigraphy And The Age Of The Clayton Formation, Southeastern Missouri, Usa, Natalie R. Dastas, John A. Chamberlain Jr., Matthew P. Garb
Cretaceous-Paleogene Dinoflagellate Biostratigraphy And The Age Of The Clayton Formation, Southeastern Missouri, Usa, Natalie R. Dastas, John A. Chamberlain Jr., Matthew P. Garb
Publications and Research
Sedimentary deposits in Stoddard County, southeastern Missouri, reveal a K-Pg transition sequence represented by the uppermost Maastrichtian Owl Creek Formation and the Paleocene Clayton Formation. The Clayton Formation is characterized by a basal fossiliferous coquinite that contains reworked late Maastrichtian macrofossils. Dinoflagellate biostratigraphy is used to determine the age of the coquinite layer and specifically whether or not it is an end-K tsunamite deposit resulting from the Chicxulub impact event. Results indicate a mixed assemblage of late Maastrichtian and early Danian dinocysts within the basal coquinite of the Clayton Formation. Maastrichtian dinocyst taxa identified are Riculacysta amplexa, Pierceites pentagonus, Phelodinium …
Large Cities Are Less Green, Erneson A. Oliveira, José S. Andrade, Hernán A. Makse
Large Cities Are Less Green, Erneson A. Oliveira, José S. Andrade, Hernán A. Makse
Publications and Research
We study how urban quality evolves as a result of carbon dioxide emissions as urban agglomerations grow. We employ a bottom-up approach combining two unprecedented microscopic data on population and carbon dioxide emissions in the continental US. We first aggregate settlements that are close to each other into cities using the City Clustering Algorithm (CCA) defining cities beyond the administrative boundaries. Then, we use data on CO2 emissions at a fine geographic scale to determine the total emissions of each city. We find a superlinear scaling behavior, expressed by a power-law, between CO2 emissions and city population with average allometric …
Intramolecular Nitrogen Delivery For The Synthesis Of C-Glycosphingolipids. Application To The C-Glycoside Of The Immunostimulant Krn7000, Ahmad Sabri Altiti, David R. Mootoo
Intramolecular Nitrogen Delivery For The Synthesis Of C-Glycosphingolipids. Application To The C-Glycoside Of The Immunostimulant Krn7000, Ahmad Sabri Altiti, David R. Mootoo
Publications and Research
The key reaction in this approach to C-glycosphingolipids is the stereoselective iodocyclization of a sugar-linked homoallylic carbonimidothioate. E and Z reaction substrates were assembled in a convergent fashion via an alkene metathesis strategy and exhibited the same alkene facial selectivity in the iodocyclization irrespective of alkene geometry, although the E alkene was found to be less reactive.
Genome-Wide Methylation Analyses In Glioblastoma Multiforme, Rose K. Lai, Yanwen Chen, Xiaowei Guan, Darryl Nousome, Charu Sharma, Peter Canoll, Jeffrey Bruce, Andrew E. Sloan, Etty Cortes, Jean-Paul Vonsattel, Tao Su, Lissette Delgado-Cruzata, Irina Gurvich, Regina M. Santella, Quinn Ostrom, Annette Lee, Peter Gregersen, Jill Barnholtz-Sloan
Genome-Wide Methylation Analyses In Glioblastoma Multiforme, Rose K. Lai, Yanwen Chen, Xiaowei Guan, Darryl Nousome, Charu Sharma, Peter Canoll, Jeffrey Bruce, Andrew E. Sloan, Etty Cortes, Jean-Paul Vonsattel, Tao Su, Lissette Delgado-Cruzata, Irina Gurvich, Regina M. Santella, Quinn Ostrom, Annette Lee, Peter Gregersen, Jill Barnholtz-Sloan
Publications and Research
Few studies had investigated genome-wide methylation in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Our goals were to study differential methylation across the genome in gene promoters using an array-based method, as well as repetitive elements using surrogate global methylation markers. The discovery sample set for this study consisted of 54 GBM from Columbia University and Case Western Reserve University, and 24 brain controls from the New York Brain Bank. We assembled a validation dataset using methylation data of 162 TCGA GBM and 140 brain controls from dbGAP. HumanMethylation27 Analysis Bead-Chips (Illumina) were used to interrogate 26,486 informative CpG sites in both the discovery …
The Effect Of Age On Neural Processing Of Pleasant Soft Touch Stimuli, April C. May, Jennifer L. Stewart, Susan F. Tapert, Martin P. Paulus
The Effect Of Age On Neural Processing Of Pleasant Soft Touch Stimuli, April C. May, Jennifer L. Stewart, Susan F. Tapert, Martin P. Paulus
Publications and Research
Tactile interactions with our environment stimulate afferent fibers within the skin, which deliver information about sensations of pain, texture, itch and other feelings to the brain as a comprehensive sense of self. These tactile interactions can stimulate brain regions involved in interoception and reward processing. This study examined subjective, behavioral, and neural processing as a function of age during stimulation of A-beta (Aβ) and C tactile (CT) afferents using a soft brush stroke task. 16 adolescents (ages 15–17), 22 young adults (ages 20–28), and 20 mature adults (ages 29–55) underwent a simple continuous performance task while periodically anticipating and experiencing …
Dynamic Association Of Mortality Hazard With Body Shape, Nir Y. Krakauer, Jesse C. Krakauer
Dynamic Association Of Mortality Hazard With Body Shape, Nir Y. Krakauer, Jesse C. Krakauer
Publications and Research
Background A Body Shape Index (ABSI) had been derived from a study of the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004 mortality data to quantify the risk associated with abdominal obesity (as indicated by a wide waist relative to height and body mass index). A national survey with longer follow-up, the British Health and Lifestyle Survey (HALS), provides another opportunity to assess the predictive power for mortality of ABSI. HALS also includes repeat observations, allowing estimation of the implications of changes in ABSI. Methods and Findings We evaluate ABSI z score relative to population normals as a …
C. Elegans Cep-1/P53 And Bec-1 Are Involved In Dna Repair, Sandy Hoffman, Daniel Martin, Alicia Meléndez, Jill Bargonetti
C. Elegans Cep-1/P53 And Bec-1 Are Involved In Dna Repair, Sandy Hoffman, Daniel Martin, Alicia Meléndez, Jill Bargonetti
Publications and Research
p53 is a transcription factor that regulates the response to cellular stress. Mammalian p53 functions as a tumor suppressor. The C. elegans p53, cep-1, regulates DNA-damage induced germline cell death by activating the transcription of egl-1 and ced-13. We used the C. elegans model to investigate how, in the whole animal, different forms of DNA damage can induce p53-dependent versus p53-independent cell death and DNA repair. DNA damage was induced by ultraviolet type C (UVC) radiation, or 10-decarbamoyl mitomycin C (DMC, an agent known to induce mammalian p53-independent cell death). Wild-type or cep-1 loss-of-function mutant animals were assayed for germline …
Disassembly Of The Cystovirus Φ6 Envelope By Montmorillonite Clay, Karin A. Block, Adrianna Trusiak, Al Katz, Paul Gottlieb, Alexandra Alimova, Hui Wei, Jorge Morales, William J. Rice, Jeffrey C. Steiner
Disassembly Of The Cystovirus Φ6 Envelope By Montmorillonite Clay, Karin A. Block, Adrianna Trusiak, Al Katz, Paul Gottlieb, Alexandra Alimova, Hui Wei, Jorge Morales, William J. Rice, Jeffrey C. Steiner
Publications and Research
Prior studies of clay–virus interactions have focused on the stability and infectivity of nonenveloped viruses, yielding contradictory results. We hypothesize that the surface charge distribution of the clay and virus envelope dictates how the components react and affect aggregation, viral stability, and infectivity. The bacteriophage Cystoviridae species φ6 used in this study is a good model for enveloped pathogens. The interaction between φ6 and montmorillonite (MMT) clay (the primary component of bentonite) is explored by transmission electron microscopy. The analyses show that MMT–φ6 mixtures undergo heteroaggregation, forming structures in which virtually all the virions are either sequestered between MMT platelet …
A Review Of Air–Ice Chemical And Physical Interactions (Aici): Liquids, Quasi-Liquids, And Solids In Snow, T. Bartels-Rausch, H-W Jacobi, T. F. Kahan, J. L. Thomas, E. S. Thomson, J. P. D. Abbatt, M. Ammann, J. R. Blackford, H. Bluhm, Chris Boxe, F. Domine, M. M. Frey, I. Gladich, M. I. Guzmán, D. Heger, Th. Huthwelker, P. Klán, W. F. Kuhs, M. H. Kuo, S. Maus, S. G. Moussa, V. F. Mcneill, J. T. Newberg, J. B. C. Pettersson, M. Roeselová, J. R. Sodeau
A Review Of Air–Ice Chemical And Physical Interactions (Aici): Liquids, Quasi-Liquids, And Solids In Snow, T. Bartels-Rausch, H-W Jacobi, T. F. Kahan, J. L. Thomas, E. S. Thomson, J. P. D. Abbatt, M. Ammann, J. R. Blackford, H. Bluhm, Chris Boxe, F. Domine, M. M. Frey, I. Gladich, M. I. Guzmán, D. Heger, Th. Huthwelker, P. Klán, W. F. Kuhs, M. H. Kuo, S. Maus, S. G. Moussa, V. F. Mcneill, J. T. Newberg, J. B. C. Pettersson, M. Roeselová, J. R. Sodeau
Publications and Research
Snow in the environment acts as a host to rich chemistry and provides a matrix for physical exchange of contaminants within the ecosystem. The goal of this review is to summarise the current state of knowledge of physical processes and chemical reactivity in surface snow with relevance to polar regions. It focuses on a description of impurities in distinct compartments present in surface snow, such as snow crystals, grain boundaries, crystal surfaces, and liquid parts. It emphasises the microscopic description of the ice surface and its link with the environment. Distinct differences between the disordered air–ice interface, often termed quasi-liquid …
Engagement With Health Care Providers Affects Self- Efficacy, Self-Esteem, Medication Adherence And Quality Of Life In People Living With Hiv, Wei-Ti Chen, Dean Wantland, Paula Reid, Inge B. Corless, Lucille S. Eller, Scholastika Iipinge, William L. Holzemer, Kathleen Nokes, Elizbeth Sefcik, Marta Rivero-Mendez, Joachim Voss, Patrice Nicholas, J. Craig Phillips, John M. Brion, Caro Dawson Rose, Carmen J. Portillo, Kenn Kirksey, Kathleen M. Sullivan, Mallory O. Johnson, Lynda Tyer-Viola
Engagement With Health Care Providers Affects Self- Efficacy, Self-Esteem, Medication Adherence And Quality Of Life In People Living With Hiv, Wei-Ti Chen, Dean Wantland, Paula Reid, Inge B. Corless, Lucille S. Eller, Scholastika Iipinge, William L. Holzemer, Kathleen Nokes, Elizbeth Sefcik, Marta Rivero-Mendez, Joachim Voss, Patrice Nicholas, J. Craig Phillips, John M. Brion, Caro Dawson Rose, Carmen J. Portillo, Kenn Kirksey, Kathleen M. Sullivan, Mallory O. Johnson, Lynda Tyer-Viola
Publications and Research
The engagement of patients with their health care providers (HCP) improves patients’ quality of life (QOL), adherence to antiretroviral therapy, and life satisfaction. Engagement with HCP includes access to HCP as needed, information sharing, involvement of client in decision making and self-care activities, respect and support of the HCP for the client’s choices, and management of client concerns. This study compares country-level differences in patients’ engagement with HCP and assesses statistical associations relative to adherence rates, self-efficacy, self-esteem, QOL, and symptom self-reporting by people living with HIV (PLHIV). A convenience sample of 2,182 PLHIV was enrolled in the United States, …
Deconstructing A Plant Macromolecular Assembly: Chemical Architecture, Molecular Flexibility, And Mechanical Performance Of Natural And Engineered Potato Suberins, Olga Serra, Subhasish Chatterjee, Merce Figueras, Marisa Molinas, Ruth E. Stark
Deconstructing A Plant Macromolecular Assembly: Chemical Architecture, Molecular Flexibility, And Mechanical Performance Of Natural And Engineered Potato Suberins, Olga Serra, Subhasish Chatterjee, Merce Figueras, Marisa Molinas, Ruth E. Stark
Publications and Research
Periderms present in plant barks are essential protective barriers to water diffusion, mechanical breakdown, and pathogenic invasion. They consist of densely packed layers of dead cells with cell walls that are embedded with suberin. Understanding the interplay of molecular structure, dynamics, and biomechanics in these cell wall-associated insoluble amorphous polymeric assemblies presents substantial investigative challenges. We report solid-state NMR coordinated with FT-IR and tensile strength measurements for periderms from native and wound-healing potatoes and from potatoes with genetically modified suberins. The analyses include the intact suberin aromatic; aliphatic polymer and cell-wall polysaccharides, previously reported soluble depolymerized transmethylation products, and undegraded …
Morphology Of Influenza B/Lee/40 Determined By Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Garrett Katz, Younes Benkarroum, Hui Wei, William J. Rice, Doris Bucher, Alexandra Alimova, Al Katz, Joanna Klukowska, Gabor T. Herman, Paul Gottlieb
Morphology Of Influenza B/Lee/40 Determined By Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Garrett Katz, Younes Benkarroum, Hui Wei, William J. Rice, Doris Bucher, Alexandra Alimova, Al Katz, Joanna Klukowska, Gabor T. Herman, Paul Gottlieb
Publications and Research
Cryo-electron microscopy projection image analysis and tomography is used to describe the overall architecture of influenza B/Lee/40. Algebraic reconstruction techniques with utilization of volume elements (blobs) are employed to reconstruct tomograms of this pleomorphic virus and distinguish viral surface spikes. The purpose of this research is to examine the architecture of influenza type B virions by cryo-electron tomography and projection image analysis. The aims are to explore the degree of ribonucleoprotein disorder in irregular shaped virions; and to quantify the number and distribution of glycoprotein surface spikes (hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) on influenza B. Projection image analysis of virion morphology shows …
The Evolutionary Function Of Conscious Information Processing Is Revealed By Its Task-Dependency In The Olfactory System, Andreas Keller
The Evolutionary Function Of Conscious Information Processing Is Revealed By Its Task-Dependency In The Olfactory System, Andreas Keller
Publications and Research
Although many responses to odorous stimuli are mediated without olfactory information being consciously processed, some olfactory behaviors require conscious information processing. I will here contrast situations in which olfactory information is processed consciously to situations in which it is processed non-consciously. This contrastive analysis reveals that conscious information processing is required when an organism is faced with tasks in which there are many behavioral options available. I therefore propose that it is the evolutionary function of conscious information processing to guide behaviors in situations in which the organism has to choose between many possible responses.
A Broadly Implementable Research Course In Phage Discovery And Genomics For First-Year Undergraduate Students, Tuajuanda C. Jordan, Sandra H. Burnett, Susan Carson, Steven M. Caruso, Kari Clase, Randall J. Dejong, John J. Dennehy, Dee R. Denver, David Dunbar, Sarah C. R. Elgin, Ann M. Findley, Chris R. Gissendanner, Urszula P. Golebiewska, Nancy Guild, Grant A. Hartzog, Wendy H. Grillo, Gail P. Hollowell, Lee E. Hughes, Allison Johnson, Rodney A. King, Lynn O. Lewis, Wei Li, Frank Rosenzweig, Michael R. Rubin, Margaret S. Saha, James Sandoz, Christopher D. Shaffer, Barbara Taylor, Louise Temple, Edwin Vazquez, Vassie C. Ware, Lucia P. Barker, Kevin W. Bradley, Deborah Jacobs-Sera, Welkin H. Pope, Daniel A. Russell, Steven G. Cresawn, David Lopatto, Cherly P. Bailey, Graham F. Hatfull
A Broadly Implementable Research Course In Phage Discovery And Genomics For First-Year Undergraduate Students, Tuajuanda C. Jordan, Sandra H. Burnett, Susan Carson, Steven M. Caruso, Kari Clase, Randall J. Dejong, John J. Dennehy, Dee R. Denver, David Dunbar, Sarah C. R. Elgin, Ann M. Findley, Chris R. Gissendanner, Urszula P. Golebiewska, Nancy Guild, Grant A. Hartzog, Wendy H. Grillo, Gail P. Hollowell, Lee E. Hughes, Allison Johnson, Rodney A. King, Lynn O. Lewis, Wei Li, Frank Rosenzweig, Michael R. Rubin, Margaret S. Saha, James Sandoz, Christopher D. Shaffer, Barbara Taylor, Louise Temple, Edwin Vazquez, Vassie C. Ware, Lucia P. Barker, Kevin W. Bradley, Deborah Jacobs-Sera, Welkin H. Pope, Daniel A. Russell, Steven G. Cresawn, David Lopatto, Cherly P. Bailey, Graham F. Hatfull
Publications and Research
Engaging large numbers of undergraduates in authentic scientific discovery is desirable but difficult to achieve. We have developed a general model in which faculty and teaching assistants from diverse academic institutions are trained to teach a research course for first-year undergraduate students focused on bacteriophage discovery and genomics. The course is situated within a broader scientific context aimed at understanding viral diversity, such that faculty and students are collaborators with established researchers in the field. The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Science Education Alliance Phage Hunters Advancing Genomics and Evolutionary Science (SEA-PHAGES) course has been widely implemented and has been …