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A Model For Calculating Desert Aerosol Turbidity Over The Oceans From Geostationary Satellite Data, Carl C. Norton, Frederick R. Mosher, Barry Hinton, David W. Martin, David Santek, William Kuhlow

Publications

A technique has been developed to infer the optical thickness of Saharan dust from Synchronous Meteorological Satellite (SMS) brightness measurements at visible wavelengths. The scattering model consists of an air layer, a dust layer and a lower boundary of variable albedo. Single-scatter properties of the dust computed from Mie theory were the basis for calculations by plane-parallel theory of radiative transfer in the dust layer. Radiative interactions between air and dust layers and the lower boundary were calculated with an adding version of the doubling scheme. Optical thickness was determined from satellite brightness measurements through a lookup table produced by …

Study For The Building Owners And Managers Association Of Omaha, Inc., Joan V. Holley

Publications

In 1908 the National Association of Building Owners and Managers was organized. The 1979 membership form of the local affiliate group stated, "Most lines of business discovered years ago that it pays to organize. The office building business was one of the first to demonstrate the value of collective thought and action." In 1969 at the annual convention of the organization, the name was changed to BOMA International.

Dendritic Cells Are Accessory Cells For The Development Of Anti-Trinitrophenyl Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes, Michel C. Nussenzweig, Ralph M. Steinman, Badma Gutchinov, Zanvil A. Cohn

Publications

This study establishes that dendritic cells (DC) are the critical accessory cells for the development of anti-trinitrophenol (TNP) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vitro. We developed a model in which nylon wool-nonadherent spleen cells were used both as the responding and stimulating cells, the latter having been TNP-modified and x-irradiated. Thy-1-bearing CTL developed in C57BL/6, B6D2F₁, and CBA mice only when small numbers of DC were added. Maximal responses in 5-d cultures were achieved with 0.5-1 DC/100 responding T cells. The DC did not have to be TNP modified directly. Anti-Ia and complement inactivated accessory cells, whereas similar …

Contribution Of Dendritic Cells To Stimulation Of The Murine Syngeneic Mixed Leukocyte Reaction, Michel C. Nussenzweig, Ralph M. Steinman

Publications

We have studied the proliferative response of unprimed T cells to syngeneic dendritic cells (DC) (syngeneic mixed leukocyte rection [SMLR]) in cultures of mouse spleen and lymph node. T cells purified by passage over nylon wool contain few DC and exhibit little proliferative activity during several days of culture. Addition of small numbers of purified syngeneic DC induces substantial, dose-dependent, T cell-proliferative responses that peak at day 4-5. B cells purified on anti-Ig-coated plates do not respond to DC at all doses tested. DC cultures medium does not induce proliferation, and coculture of DC and T cells is required. Purified …

The Membrane Proteins Of The Vacuolar System Ii. Bidirectional Flow Between Secondary Lysosomes And Plasma Membrane, William A. Muller, Ralph M. Steinman, Zanvil A. Cohn

Publications

Lactoperoxidase covalently coupled to latex spheres (LPO-latex) has been used to selectively iodinate the phagolysosome (PL) membrane within living macrophages, as discussed in the accompanying article. This procedure labeled ~24 polypeptides in the PL membrane; these were similar to those iodinatable on the external surface of the plasma membrane (PM). We now report on the translocation and fate of these proteins when the cells are returned to culture. TCA-precipitable radioactivity was lost from cells with biphasic kinetics. 20-50% of the cell-associated radiolabel was rapidly digested (t_1/2 ≅ 1 h) and recovered in the culture medium as monoiodotyrosine. 50-80% of …

Dendritic Cells Of The Mouse: Identification And Characterization, Ralph M. Steinman, Margit D. Witmer, Michel C. Nussenzweig

Publications

We have identified and characterized a distinctive population of dendritic cells (DCs) in mouse spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, and liver. Dendritic cells can adhere to tissue culture surfaces but otherwise differ considerably from macrophages, the other major class of adherent cell. Morphological differences are evident by phase contrast and electron microscopy, and by cytochemistry. Dendritic cells exhibit little or no binding and phagocytosis of opsonized particles. During culture, they retain their unusual morphological features and surface markers, but lose the capacity to adhere. All DCs express and synthesize Ia antigens for several days in vitro, whereas only a subpopulation of …

Selective Iodination And Polypeptide Composition Of Pinocytic Vesicles, Ira S. Mellman, Ralph M. Steinman, Jay C. Unkeless, Zanvil A. Cohn

Publications

We describe a method for the specific radioiodination of pinocytic vesicles (PVs) based upon the simultaneous endocytosis of lactoperoxidase (LPO) and glucose oxidase (GO). Initial experiments indicated that LPO was interiorized by the macrophage cell line J774 by fluid phase pinocytosis and without detectable binding to the plasma membrane (PM). Interiorization varied linearly with enzyme concentration and exposure time, was temperature dependent, and was undetectable at 4 °C. Employing EM cytochemistry, LPO activity was restricted to PVs after a 3- to 5-min pulse at 37° C. These results formed the basis of the method for iodinating the luminal surface of …

Lymphokine Enhances The Expression And Synthesis Of Ia Antigens On Cultured Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages, Ralph M. Steinman, Natalia Nogueira, Margit D. Witmer

Publications

Soluble products from antigen stimulated Trypanosoma cruzi-immune spleen cells enhanced the expression of Ia antigens on proteose-peptone-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages (Mphi). Acquisition of Ia paralleled Mphi activation, previously shown to be mediated by this same source of lymphokine (LK). Expression of Ia and four other plasma membrane antigens was monitored by quantitative binding and radioautographic studies with ¹²⁵I-monoclonal antibodies. Immune LK selectively enhanced expression of Ia and, to a lesser extent, H-2D relative to control LK from antigen-stimulated noninfected spleen. The levels of three other non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, including the trypsin-resistant Fc receptor, were similar in cells …

Executive Summary For Mcc, Murray Frost

Publications

The Educational Needs Assessment and Impact Survey of the Metropolitan Technical Community College conducted by the Center for Applied Urban Research of 'the University of Nebraska at Omaha was an extensive effort involving almost two dozen individual reports based on data from more than 7,000 surveys.

Employer And Training Needs: Report 10 Wastewater Treatment Plant Operator, Marian Meier

Publications

The purpose of this study is to determine the employer and training needs in the metropolitan Omaha area for the occupation of waste water treatment plant operator. The term "sewage treatment plant operator" is considered to be synonymous.

Aquatic Insects Of Upper Three Runs Creek, Savannah River Plant, South Carolina. Part 1: Orders Other Than Diptera, John C. Morse, Jay W. Chapin, David D. Herlong, Ray S. Harvey

Publications

Upper Three Runs Creek and its tributary sources, located mostly on property of the Savannah River Plant near Aiken, South Carolina (Fig. 1), is well-known as an unpolluted, blackwater drainage system which is probably typical of smaller, Sandhills waterways of primeval southeastern North America. Probably no other stream at the Plant's Flowing Stream Laboratory (or Thermal Effects Laboratory) has been documented by a research team from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (A.N.S.P.).

The Membrane Proteins Of The Vacuolar System I. Analysis By A Novel Method Of Intralysosomal Lodination, William A. Muller, Ralph M. Steinman, Zanvil A. Cohn

Publications

A method has been developed to deliver an iodinating system into the confines of the phagolysosome, allowing us to study the nature of the phagolysosomal membrane. Lactoperoxidase (LPO) is covalently coupled to carboxylated latex spheres (LPO-latex) in a stable, enzymatically active form. The addition of LPO-latex to cultured macrophages leads to their rapid attachment, ingestion, and enclosure in a plasma membrane-derived phagocytic vacuole. These organelles rapidly fuse with preexisting lysosomes and are converted to phagolysosomes (PL) that demonstrate both acid phosphatase and lactoperoxidase activities. The exposure of LPO-latex containing cells to ¹²⁵l- and an extracellular peroxide-generating system, glucose oxidase-glucose, …

Review Of Applied Urban Research 1980, Vol. 08, No. 06, Center For Public Affairs Research (Cpar)

Publications

This issue of Review of Applied Urban Research features "Interests, Preferences of Central Business District Employees," by Joan V. Holley and R. K. Piper.

A 15 percent population gain in suburban areas and a 4 percent population loss in the central cities between 1970 and 1980 was reported in the preliminary 1980 Census data.¹ Vincent B. Barabba, director of the Census Bureau, has stated that a back-to-the-city movement has had a negligible impact on declining cities and will not affect cities much in the future.² However, the quantity of recent articles on urban housing in professional journals and …

Employer And Training Needs: Report 11 Media Production, Carole Davis

Publications

The purpose of this study is to determine the employer and training needs in the metropolitan Omaha area in the field of media production with the main focus on the field of film production.

Shallow Convection On Day 261 Of Gate: Mesoscale Arcs, C. Warner, J. Simpson, D. W. Martin, D. Suchman, F. R. Mosher, R. F. Reinking

Publications

On 18 September 1974, a cloud cluster growing in the GATE [Global Atmospheric Research Program] ship array was examined using aircraft flying close to one another at different heights, the geostationary satellite SMS-1, and radar, rawinsonde and ship data, with a view to elucidating mechanisms of convection. In this paper we concentrate analysis on cloudy convection in the moist layer.

In and above southerly surface monsoon flow approaching the cluster, clouds indigenous to the moist layer took the form of rows of tiny cumulus, and of arcs of cumulus mediocris, with patterns different from those of deeper clouds. From satellite …

Review Of Applied Urban Research 1979, Vol. 07, No. 11, Center For Public Affairs Research (Cpar)

Publications

This issue of Review of Applied Urban Research features "Burglary Offender Characteristics Can Be Predicted: Enhancing Investigation Efficiency Through the Development of Probability Models¹," by Chris W. Eskridge.

Crime is not a new phenomenon in American living. For decades, researchers have documented and projected the growth and devastating complexity of the crime problem in the United States, its causes, and its destructive effects on national life. The intense damage to innocent persons, property, and spirit, coupled with the lingering fear of unprovoked, unpredictable violence are indeed familiar entities in all realms of society.

An Investigation Of Surface Albedo Variations During The Recent Sahel Drought, Carl C. Norton, Frederick R. Mosher, Barry Hinton

Publications

Applications Technology Satellite (ATS) 3 green sensor data are used to measure surface reflectance variations in the Sahara/Sahel during the recent drought period 1967–74. The magnitude of the seasonal reflectance change is shown to be as much as 80% for years of normal precipitation and less than 50% for drought years. Year-to-year comparisons during both wet and dry seasons reveal the existence of a surface reflectance cycle coincident with the drought intensity. The relationship between the green reflectance and solar albedo is examined and estimated to be about 0.6 times the reflectance change observed by the green channel.

Review Of Applied Urban Research 1979, Vol. 07, No. 06, Center For Public Affairs Research (Cpar)

Publications

This issue of Review of Applied Urban Research features "New Migration Patterns Emerge in U.S.: The Movement of Metropolitan Populations to Nonmetropolitan America: Anomaly or Trend?" by David R. DiMartino.

Internal migration patterns have shifted markedly in the United States during the twentieth century. The exodus of rural populations to urban centers which dominated internal migration during the nineteenth century continued into the twentieth. By mid-century, however, that earlier pattern had given way to different, dominant trends. On the one hand, urban centers had grown massively and were sprawling rapidly out· ward, creating a pattern of decentralized metropolitan populations in …

Survey Of Nebraska Women's Employment Participation, Attitudes, And Needs, Murray Frost

Publications

The purpose of this report is to present an analysis of the survey data collected by the Center for Applied Urban Research concerning Nebraska women and their participation in the labor force.

The survey, conducted in November and December, 1978, involved a random telephone survey of 1,640 women between the ages of 18 and 64. The survey focused on three broad areas: 1) current labor force characteristics and other questions related to current work, 2) attitudes and perceptions related to work and working women, and 3) needs for·training and information. The first three sections of this report present these data. …

Identification Of A Novel Cell Type In Peripheral Lymphoid Organs Of Mice: V. Purification Of Spleen Dendritic Cells, New Surface Markers, And Maintenance In Vitro*, Ralph M. Steinman, Gilla Kaplan, Margit D. Witmer, Zanvil A. Cohn

Publications

[No abstract available]

Service To Communities, Center For Public Affairs Research (Cpar)

Publications

The Center for Applied Urban Research, a research and service arm of the College of Public Affairs and Community Service of the University of Nebraska at Omaha, exists to provide professional services in the areas of:
• Applied Research
• Technical Assistance
• Community Education

Comparison Of Tolerance To High Moisture Conditions Of The Soil Among Crop Plants: Studies On The Comparative Plant Nutrition [English Translation], Toshiaki Tadano, Kiyokazu Kirimoto, Isao Aoyama, Arika Tanaka

Publications

Tolerance to high moisture conditions in the soil was compared for eighteen crop species, and factors causing differences among species were studied: 1) When the moisture content of a soil was kept high, the soil air contained 10.5 - 17.5% of O2 and 5.0 - 9.8% of CO2, and the soil solution was not very high in Fe, Mn or NO2-N. 2) Cruciferae, Solanaceae, sugar beet, field bean, pea, cucumber and Chrysanthemum coronarium were very susceptible to this condition, but maize, soybean, and onion were tolerant. Rice grew better under this condition than under ordinary upland conditions. 3) Tolerance to …

Utilization Of Services By Omaha's Older Mexican-Americans, Genevieve Burch, Carol M. Davis

Publications

Today's elderly population has become a major focus of concern. Modern technology and improved health care have contributed to longevity and consequently increased the senior citizen population. Lay (1975) has estimated that by the year 2000 approximately 25 million elderly will be living in the United States.

Public Awareness Of The Nebraska Regional Poison Control Center, Michale A. Montwill, Matilda S. Mcintire, James J. O'Donnell, Margaret A. Nelson, Murray Frost

Publications

A Poison Control Center needs to continually update its impact on the community it serves. At the Nebraska Regional Poison Control Center, a telephone survey was performed to ascertain baseline data for ongoing poison awareness programs. Our data shows that 36.6% of the population would call the PCC in the case of acute poisoning. There is a need to stress that the PCC is not only a center for information but also for treatment at home. Distribution of the PCC phone number to be attached to the phone needs to be increased. Many people obtained the phone number through time …

Presidential Power And Administrative Rulemaking, Harold H. Bruff

Publications

No abstract provided.

S-Process Studies: Xenon And Krypton Isotopic Abundances, Donald D. Clayton, Richard A. Ward

Publications

We propose an analysis of the s-process contributions to the isotopes of xenon and krypton. The object is to aid studies of the possibility that meteorites may contain gas that was carried in presolar grains that were grown in stellar ejecta and that were not degassed prior to incorporation into parent bodies. That model suggests routine interstellar fractionation of s-isotopes from r-isotopes owing to differential incoporation into dust. We show that a deficiency of s-process nuclei cannot yield details of Xe-X, but the gross similarities are strong enough to lead one to think that such a deficiency may play a …

An Interpretation Of Special And General Isotopic Anomolies In R-Process Nuclei, Donald D. Clayton

Publications

My analysis of new discoveries by McCulloch and Wasserburg of Ba and Nd isotopic anomalies in inclusions of the Allende meteorite argues that (1) these anomalies contain special extinct radioactivities resulting from radioactive decay within grains formed in and ejected from the supernova interior, (2) the inclusions studied are fused assemblies of interstellar grains that were never totally vaporized, and (3) theoretical separation into r and s abundances suggests that fluctuations between r and s components has occurred during the accumulation processes. These points lend support to a new chemical picture of the early solar system that I have developed, …

On Strontium Isotopic Anomalies And Odd-A P-Process Abundances, Donald D. Clayton

Publications

Several aspects of the nucleosynthesis of Sr isotopes are considered in an attempt to shed light on the problem of the Sr isotopic anomalies discovered in an inclusion of the Allende meteorite. Decomposition of the Sr isotopes into average r-, s-, and p-process nucleosynthetic classes is performed. It is suggested that the Allende inclusion most likely has an excess of s-process Sr and that the initial Sr-87/Sr-86 isotopic ratio is probably slightly more primitive than basaltic achondrites. The results also show that Sn-115 is mostly due to the r-process and that odd-A yields are very small. It is concluded that …

Review Of Applied Urban Research 1978, Vol. 06, No. 07, Center For Public Affairs Research (Cpar)

Publications

This issue of Review of Applied Urban Research features "Bemis Park: A Study of Neighborhood Change," by Garneth O. Peterson.

The 1970's have been marked by a rebirth of inner city neighborhoods for commerce and housing. Developers in Boston, Washington and other cities have begun to rehabilitate old structures rather than destroy them, and thus preserve the visual character of neighborhoods. Residents of older neighborhoods have also banded together into homeowner's associations to lead the attempts to redevelop and rejuvenate their surroundings. 1 The viability of older central city neighborhoods has come to be recognized as essential to the economic …

Auxiliary Appendixes For Juvenile Justice Program Collaboration, Center For Public Affairs Research (Cpar)

Publications

This appendix contains: Auxiliary Tables; Rationale of Organizational Analysis of Local Agencies Involved in the Juvenile Justice Collaborations; Research Instruments; Bibliography; and Internal Organization of Juvenile Justice Collaborations.