Digital Commons Network^™

Understanding Antibiotic Prophylaxis Prescribing In Pediatric Surgical Specialties, Sara M Malone, Natalie S Seigel, Jason G Newland, Jacqueline M Saito, Virginia R Mckay

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Overuse of antibiotics has caused secondary poor outcomes and has led to a current rate of antibiotic resistant infections that constitutes a public health crisis. In pediatric surgical specialties, children continue to receive unnecessary antibiotics.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the factors that contribute to pediatric surgeons' decisions regarding the use of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis.

METHODS: Focus groups included pediatric proceduralists/surgeons from the following specialties: interventional cardiology, otolaryngology, orthopedic surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, and general surgery.

RESULTS: A total of 23 surgeons with a median of 9 years of experience (range, 0.5-29 years) participated in the focus groups that lasted 30-90 minutes …

Identification And Characterization Of Novel Trpm1 Autoantibodies From Serum Of Patients With Melanoma-Associated Retinopathy, Juliette Varin, Margaret M. Reynolds, Nassima Bouzidi, Sarah Tick, Juliette Wohlschlegel, Ondine Becquart, Christelle Michiels, Olivier Dereure, Robert M. Duvoisin, Catherine W. Morgans, José-Alain Sahel, Quentin Samaran, Bernard Guillot, José S. Pulido, Isabelle Audo, Christina Zeitz

Open Access Publications

Melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR) is a rare paraneoplastic retinal disorder usually occurring in the context of metastatic melanoma. Patients present with night blindness, photopsias and a constriction of the visual field. MAR is an auto-immune disorder characterized by the production of autoantibodies targeting retinal proteins, especially autoantibodies reacting to the cation channel TRPM1 produced in melanocytes and ON-bipolar cells. TRPM1 has at least three different isoforms which vary in the N-terminal region of the protein. In this study, we report the case of three new MAR patients presenting different anti-TRPM1 autoantibodies reacting to the three isoforms of TRPM1 with variable binding …

Inappropriate Antibiotic Surgical Prophylaxis In Pediatric Patients: A National Point-Prevalence Study, Brian R Lee, Alison C Tribble, Jeffrey S Gerber, Adam L Hersh, Matthew P Kronman, Jason G Newland

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Deep Learning Assessment Of Breast Terminal Duct Lobular Unit Involution: Towards Automated Prediction Of Breast Cancer Risk, Suzanne C. Wetstein, Ying Liu, Et Al.

Open Access Publications

Terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU) involution is the regression of milk-producing structures in the breast. Women with less TDLU involution are more likely to develop breast cancer. A major bottleneck in studying TDLU involution in large cohort studies is the need for labor-intensive manual assessment of TDLUs. We developed a computational pathology solution to automatically capture TDLU involution measures. Whole slide images (WSIs) of benign breast biopsies were obtained from the Nurses' Health Study. A set of 92 WSIs was annotated for acini, TDLUs and adipose tissue to train deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models for detection of acini, and …

12-Lox Catalyzes The Oxidation Of 2-Arachidonoyl-Lysolipids In Platelets Generating Eicosanoid-Lysolipids That Are Attenuated By Ipla2Γ Knockout, Xinping Liu, Harold F. Sims, Christopher M. Jenkins, Shaoping Guan, Beverly G. Dilthey, Richard W. Gross

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Tumor-Associated Macrophages In Osteosarcoma: From Mechanisms To Therapy, Francesca Cersosimo, Silvia Lonardi, Giulia Bernardini, Brian Telfer, Giulio Eugenio Mandelli, Annalisa Santucci, William Vermi, Emanuele Giurisato

Open Access Publications

Osteosarcomas (OSs) are bone tumors most commonly found in pediatric and adolescent patients characterized by high risk of metastatic progression and recurrence after therapy. Effective therapeutic management of this disease still remains elusive as evidenced by poor patient survival rates. To achieve a more effective therapeutic management regimen, and hence patient survival, there is a need to identify more focused targeted therapies for OSs treatment in the clinical setting. The role of the OS tumor stroma microenvironment plays a significant part in the development and dissemination of this disease. Important components, and hence potential targets for treatment, are the tumor-infiltrating …

Impact Of Trem2r47h Variant On Tau Pathology-Induced Gliosis And Neurodegeneration, Maud Gratuze, Cheryl Eg Leyns, Andrew D Sauerbeck, Marie-Kim St-Pierre, Monica Xiong, Nayeon Kim, Javier Remolina Serrano, Marie-Ève Tremblay, Terrance T Kummer, Marco Colonna, Jason D Ulrich, David M Holtzman

Open Access Publications

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by plaques containing amyloid-β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles composed of aggregated, hyperphosphorylated tau. Beyond tau and Aβ, evidence suggests that microglia play an important role in AD pathogenesis. Rare variants in the microglia-expressed triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) gene increase AD risk 2- to 4-fold. It is likely that these TREM2 variants increase AD risk by decreasing the response of microglia to Aβ and its local toxicity. However, neocortical Aβ pathology occurs many years before neocortical tau pathology in AD. Thus, it will be important to understand the role of TREM2 in …

Proactive Prevention: Act Now To Disrupt The Impending Non-Communicable Disease Crisis In Low-Burden Populations, Benson Njuguna, Angela Brown, Victor G. Davila-Roman, Et Al.

Open Access Publications

Non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention efforts have traditionally targeted high-risk and high-burden populations. We propose an alteration in prevention efforts to also include emphasis and focus on low-risk populations, predominantly younger individuals and low-prevalence populations. We refer to this approach as "proactive prevention." This emphasis is based on the priority to put in place policies, programs, and infrastructure that can disrupt the epidemiological transition to develop NCDs among these groups, thereby averting future NCD crises. Proactive prevention strategies can be classified, and their implementation prioritized, based on a 2-dimensional assessment: impact and feasibility. Thus, potential interventions can be categorized into a …

Core Warming Of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Patients Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation-A Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study, Nathaniel Bonfanti, Emily Gundert, Anne M. Drewry, Kristina Goff, Roger Bedimo, Erik Kulstad

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, is spreading rapidly across the globe, with little proven effective therapy. Fever is seen in most cases of COVID-19, at least at the initial stages of illness. Although fever is typically treated (with antipyretics or directly with ice or other mechanical means), increasing data suggest that fever is a protective adaptive response that facilitates recovery from infectious illness.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a randomized controlled pilot study of core warming patients with COVID-19 undergoing mechanical ventilation.

METHODS: This prospective single-site randomized controlled pilot study will enroll 20 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation …

Pain Relief After Surgical Decompression Of The Distal Brachial Plexus, Richard Morgan, Iain Elliot, Vibhu Banala, Christopher Dy, Briana Harris, Elizabeth Anne Ouellette

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Pif1, Rpa, And Fen1 Modulate The Ability Of Dna Polymerase Δ To Overcome Protein Barriers During Dna Synthesis, Melanie A. Sparks, Peter M. Burgers, Roberto Galletto

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Assaying Three-Dimensional Cellular Architecture Using X-Ray Tomographic And Correlated Imaging Approaches, Peter O. Bayguinov, Max R. Fisher, James A. J. Fitzpatrick

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Complications And Patient-Reported Outcomes After Tram And Diep Flaps: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Waverly Y. He, Leen El Eter, Pooja Yesantharao, Bethany Hung, Haley Owens, Sarah Persing, Justin M. Sacks

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Tetracycline-Inactivating Enzymes From Environmental, Human Commensal, And Pathogenic Bacteria Cause Broad-Spectrum Tetracycline Resistance, Andrew J. Gasparrini, Jana L. Markley, Hirdesh Kumar, Bin Wang, Luting Fang, Sidra Irum, Chanez T. Symister, Meghan Wallace, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Saadia Andleeb, Niraj H. Tolia, Timothy A. Wencewicz, Gautam Dantas

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Use Of Icd-10 Codes For Identification Of Injection Drug Use-Associated Infective Endocarditis Is Nonspecific And Obscures Critical Findings On Impact Of Medications For Opioid Use Disorder, Laura R. Marks, Nathanial S. Nolan, Linda Jiang, Dharushana Muthulingam, Stephen Y. Liang, Michael J. Durkin

Open Access Publications

Background: No International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10), diagnosis code exists for injection drug use-associated infective endocarditis (IDU-IE). Instead, public health researchers regularly use combinations of nonspecific ICD-10 codes to identify IDU-IE; however, the accuracy of these codes has not been evaluated.

Methods: We compared commonly used ICD-10 diagnosis codes for IDU-IE with a prospectively collected patient cohort diagnosed with IDU-IE at Barnes-Jewish Hospital to determine the accuracy of ICD-10 diagnosis codes used in IDU-IE research.

Results: ICD-10 diagnosis codes historically used to identify IDU-IE were inaccurate, missing 36.0% and misclassifying 56.4% of patients prospectively identified in this cohort. …

Financial Evaluation Of Kidney Transplant With Hepatitis C Viremic Donors To Uninfected Recipients, David A. Axelrod, Krista L. Lentine, Ramji Balakrishnan, Su-Hsin Chang, Terek Alhamad, Huiling Xiao, Bertran L. Kasiske, Roy D. Bloom, Mark A. Schnitzler

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Assessment Of Plasma Amyloid-Β42/40 And Cognitive Decline Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults, Kelly Virecoulon Giudici, Philipe De Souto Barreto, Sophie Guyonnet, Yan Li, Randall J. Bateman, Bruno Vellas

Open Access Publications

Importance: Plasma measurement of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides has been associated with cognitive function, but evidence of its ability to identify cognitive decline is still scarce.

Objective: To investigate the associations between plasma Aβ42/40 and cognitive decline over time among community-dwelling older adults with subjective memory concerns.

Design, Setting, and Participants: This multicenter cohort study used data from volunteers in the 5-year study Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT). Participants were aged 70 years or older and observed for a median (interquartile range) of 3.9 (2.0-4.0) years. Recruitment of participants started in May 2008 and ended in February 2011. Follow-up ended in …

Association Between Benzodiazepine Use With Or Without Opioid Use And All-Cause Mortality In The United States, 1999-2015, Kevin Y. Xu, Sarah M. Hartz, Jacob T. Borodovsky, Laura J. Bierut, Richard A. Grucza

Open Access Publications

Importance: Although overall rates of opioid use have been plateauing, coprescriptions of benzodiazepines and opioids have increased greatly in recent years. It is unknown whether this combination is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality as opposed to being more frequently used by persons with a baseline elevated risk of death.

Objective: To evaluate whether benzodiazepine use, with or without opioid use, is associated with increased all-cause mortality relative to the use of low-risk antidepressants.

Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cohort study used a large, nationally representative US data set (the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys [NHANES]) from …

Trends In Diagnosis Related Groups For Inpatient Admissions And Associated Changes In Payment From 2012 To 2016, Ty J. Gluckman, Kateri J. Spinelli, Mansen Wang, Amir Yazdani, Gary Grunkemeier, Steven M. Bradley, Jason H. Wasfy, Abhinav Goyal, Andrew Oseran, Karen E. Joynt Maddox

Open Access Publications

Importance: Hospitals are reimbursed based on Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs), which are defined, in part, by patients having 1 or more complications or comorbidities within a given DRG family. Hospitals have made substantial investment in efforts to document these complications and comorbidities.

Objective: To examine temporal trends in DRGs with a major complication or comorbidity, compare these findings with 2 alternative measures of disease severity, and estimate associated changes in payment.

Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cohort study used data from the all-payer National Inpatient Sample for admissions assigned to 1 of the top 20 reimbursed DRG families at …

The Genetic Architecture Of Sporadic And Multiple Consecutive Miscarriage, Triin Laisk, Avinash Ramu, Donald F. Conrad, Et Al.

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

The Landscape Of Novel Therapeutics And Challenges In Glioblastoma Multiforme: Contemporary State And Future Directions, Karam Khaddour, Tanner M Johanns, George Ansstas

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma multiforme is a malignant intracranial neoplasm that constitutes a therapeutic challenge because of the associated high morbidity and mortality given the lack of effective approved medication and aggressive nature of the tumor. However, there has been extensive research recently to address the reasons implicated in the resistant nature of the tumor to pharmaceutical compounds, which have resulted in several clinical trials investigating promising treatment approaches.

METHODS: We reviewed literature published since 2010 from PUBMED and several annual meeting abstracts through 15 September 2020. Selected articles included those relevant to topics of glioblastoma tumor biology, original basic research, clinical …

Association Between Intake Of Energy And Macronutrients And Memory Impairment Severity In Us Older Adults, National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014, Qinran Liu, Jianjun Guo, Liang Hu, Nicola Veronese, Lee Smith, Lin Yang, Chao Cao

Open Access Publications

Without a cure, dementia affects about 50 million people worldwide. Understanding the effects of dietary habits, a key lifestyle behavior, on memory impairment is critical to inform early behavioral modification to delay further memory loss and progression to dementia. We examined the associations of total energy intake and energy intake from macronutrients with memory impairment among older US adults using data from the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey study 2011-2014. A total of 3623 participants aged ≥60 years were analyzed. Comparing to those with low total energy intake, individuals with high intake were more likely to have …

Cd46 And Oncologic Interactions: Friendly Fire Against Cancer, Michelle Elvington, M Kathryn Liszewski, John P Atkinson

Open Access Publications

One of the most challenging aspects of cancer therapeutics is target selection. Recently, CD46 (membrane cofactor protein; MCP) has emerged as a key player in both malignant transformation as well as in cancer treatments. Normally a regulator of complement activation, CD46 is co-expressed as four predominant isoforms on almost all cell types. CD46 is highly overexpressed on a variety of human tumor cells. Clinical and experimental data support an association between increased CD46 expression and malignant transformation and metastasizing potential. Further, CD46 is a newly discovered driver of metabolic processes and plays a role in the intracellular complement system (complosome). …

Using The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (Sii) As A Mid-Treatment Marker For Survival Among Patients With Stage-Iii Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (Nsclc), Tithi Biswas, Kylie H Kang, Rohin Gawdi, David Bajor, Mitchell Machtay, Charu Jindal, Jimmy T Efird

Open Access Publications

The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) is an important marker of immune function, defined as the product of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet count (P). Higher baseline SII levels have been associated with improved survival in various types of cancers, including lung cancer. Data were obtained from PROCLAIM, a randomized phase III trial comparing two different chemotherapy regimens pemetrexed + cisplatin (PEM) vs. etoposide + cisplatin (ETO), in combination with radiotherapy (RT) for the treatment of stage III non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to determine if SII measured at the mid-treatment window for RT (weeks 3-4) is a …

Status Of Theory Use In Self-Care Research, Tiny Jaarsma, Heleen Westland, Ercole Vellone, Kenneth E Freedland, Carin Schröder, Jaap C A Trappenburg, Anna Strömberg, Barbara Riegel

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Theories can provide a foundation to explain behavior, investigate relationships, and to predict the effect of interventions. The aim of the study was to clarify the use of theories in studies testing interventions to promote self-care.

METHOD: A scoping review. PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO, and CINAHL were searched from January 2008 through January 2019. Nine common chronic conditions were included. We included studies testing a self-care intervention if they used a randomized controlled trial design. The study was registered in PROSPERO (#123719).

RESULTS: The search retrieved 9309 potential studies, of which 233 were included in the review. In total, 76 …

Chemical Mutagenesis Of A Gpcr Ligand: Detoxifying “Inflammo-Attraction” To Direct Therapeutic Stem Cell Migration, Jean-Pyo Lee, Edward B. Han, Et Al.

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Social Jetlag And Prostate Cancer Incidence In Alberta's Tomorrow Project: A Prospective Cohort Study, Liang Hu, Andrew Harper, Emily Heer, Jessica Mcneil, Chao Cao, Yikyung Park, Kevin Martell, Geoffrey Gotto, Grace Shen-Tu, Cheryl Peters, Darren Brenner, Lin Yang

Open Access Publications

We investigated the association of social jetlag (misalignment between the internal clock and socially required timing of activities) and prostate cancer incidence in a prospective cohort in Alberta, Canada. Data were collected from 7455 cancer-free men aged 35-69 years enrolled in Alberta's Tomorrow Project (ATP) from 2001-2007. In the 2008 survey, participants reported usual bed- and wake-times on weekdays and weekend days. Social jetlag was defined as the absolute difference in waking time between weekday and weekend days, and was categorized into three groups: 0-<1 h (from 0 to anything smaller than 1), 1-<2 h (from 1 to anything smaller than 2), and 2+ h. ATP facilitated data linkage with the Alberta Cancer Registry in June 2018 to determine incident prostate cancer cases (

Implementation Of Wearable Sensing Technology For Movement: Pushing Forward Into The Routine Physical Rehabilitation Care Field, Catherine E Lang, Jessica Barth, Carey L Holleran, Jeff D Konrad, Marghuretta D Bland

Open Access Publications

While the promise of wearable sensor technology to transform physical rehabilitation has been around for a number of years, the reality is that wearable sensor technology for the measurement of human movement has remained largely confined to rehabilitation research labs with limited ventures into clinical practice. The purposes of this paper are to: (1) discuss the major barriers in clinical practice and available wearable sensing technology; (2) propose benchmarks for wearable device systems that would make it feasible to implement them in clinical practice across the world and (3) evaluate a current wearable device system against the benchmarks as an …

The Effect Of Smoking During Pregnancy On Severity And Directionality Of Externalizing And Internalizing Symptoms: A Genetically Informed Approach, Mikael O Ekblad, Kristine Marceau, Emily Rolan, Rohan H C Palmer, Alexandre Todorov, Andrew C Heath, Valerie S Knopik

Open Access Publications

The objective was to examine the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy (SDP) and (I) severity and (II) directionality of externalizing and internalizing symptoms in a sample of sibling pairs while rigorously controlling for familial confounds. The Missouri Mothers and Their Children Study is a family study (N = 173 families) with sibling pairs (aged 7 to 16 years) who are discordant for exposure to SDP. This sibling comparison study is designed to disentangle the effects of SDP from familial confounds. An SDP severity score was created for each child using a combination of SDP indicators (timing, duration, and amount). …

Relations Between Sensory Responsiveness And Features Of Autism In Children, Jacob I Feldman, Margaret Cassidy, Yupeng Liu, Anne V Kirby, Mark T Wallace, Tiffany G Woynaroski

Open Access Publications

Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition defined by differences in social communication and by the presence of restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities (RRBs). Individuals with autism also commonly present with atypical patterns of sensory responsiveness (i.e., hyporesponsiveness, hyperresponsiveness, and sensory seeking), which are theorized to produce cascading effects across other domains of development. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in sensory responsiveness in children with and without autism (ages 8-18 years), as well as relations between patterns of sensory responsiveness and core and related features of autism. Participants were 50 children with autism and …