Digital Commons Network^™

New Cohort Of Patients With Cednik Syndrome Expands The Phenotypic And Genotypic Spectra, Annelise Y. Mah-Som, Cristina Skrypnyk, Andrea Guerin, Raafat Hammad Seroor Jadah, Vinayak Nivrutti Vardhan, Robert C. Mckinstry, Marwan S. Shinawi

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Trem2 Is A Receptor For Non-Glycosylated Mycolic Acids Of Mycobacteria That Limits Antimycobacterial Macrophage Activation, Ei'ichi Iizasa, Yasushi Chuma, Takayuki Uematsu, Mio Kubota, Hiroaki Kawaguchi, Masayuki Umemura, Kenji Toyonaga, Hideyasu Kiyohara, Ikuya Yano, Marco Colonna, Masahiko Sugita, Goro Matsuzaki, Sho Yamasaki, Hiroki Yoshida, Hiromitsu Hara

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Endothelial Ether Lipids Link The Vasculature To Blood Pressure, Behavior, And Neurodegeneration, Larry D. Spears, Sangeeta Adak, Guifang Dong, Xiaochao Wei, George Spyropoulos, Qiang Zhang, Li Yin, Chu Feng, Donghua Hu, Irfan J. Lodhi, Fong-Fu Hsu, Rithwick Rajagopal, Kevin K. Noguchi, Carmen M. Halabi, Lindsey Brier, Annie R. Bice, Brian V. Lananna, Erik S. Musiek, Oshri Avraham, Valeria Cavalli, Jerrah K. Holth, David M. Holtzman, David F. Wozniak, Joseph P. Culver, Clay F. Semenkovich

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Dietary Fatty Acid Composition On Lipid Metabolism And Body Fat Accumulation In Ovariectomized Rats, Jhih-Han Yeh, Yu-Tang Tung, Yu-Sheng Yeh, Yi-Wen Chien

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a state of excess energy storage resulting in body fat accumulation, and postmenopausal obesity is a rising issue. In this study using ovariectomized (OVX) rats, we mimicked low estrogen levels in a postmenopausal state in order to investigate the effects of different amounts and types of dietary fatty acids on body fat accumulation and body lipid metabolism.

METHODS: At 9 weeks of age, rats (

RESULTS: After OVX, compared to the S group, the C group showed significantly higher body weight, and insulin and leptin levels. Compared to the C group, the H group had lower hepatic …

Acitretin Mitigates Uroporphyrin‑Induced Bone Defects In Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria Models, Juliana Bragazzi Cunha, Jared S. Elenbaas, Dhiman Maitra, Ning Kuo, Rodrigo Azuero-Dajud, Allison C. Ferguson, Megan S. Griffin, Stephen I. Lentz, Jordan A. Shavit, M. Bishr Omary

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Acceleration Of Small Intestine Development And Remodeling Of The Microbiome Following Hyaluronan 35 Kda Treatment In Neonatal Mice, Hala Chaaban, Kathryn Burge, Jeffrey Eckert, Majoi Trammell, David Dyer, Ravi S Keshari, Robert Silasi, Girija Regmi, Cristina Lupu, Misty Good, Steven J Mcelroy, Florea Lupu

Open Access Publications

The beneficial effects of human milk suppressing the development of intestinal pathologies such as necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants are widely known. Human milk (HM) is rich in a multitude of bioactive factors that play major roles in promoting postnatal maturation, differentiation, and the development of the microbiome. Previous studies showed that HM is rich in hyaluronan (HA) especially in colostrum and early milk. This study aims to determine the role of HA 35 KDa, a HM HA mimic, on intestinal proliferation, differentiation, and the development of the intestinal microbiome. We show that oral HA 35 KDa supplementation for 7 …

Prospective Spect-Ct Organ Dosimetry-Driven Radiation-Absorbed Dose Escalation Using The In-111 (111in)/Yttrium 90 (90y) Ibritumomab Tiuxetan (Zevalin ®) Theranostic Pair In Patients With Lymphoma At Myeloablative Dose Levels, Richard L Wahl, Eric C Frey, Heather A Jacene, Brad S Kahl, Steven Piantadosi, Jesus A Bianco, Richard J Hammes, Miah Jung, Wayne Kasecamp, Bin He, George Sgouros, Ian W Flinn, Lode J Swinnen

Open Access Publications

PURPOSE: We prospectively evaluated the feasibility of SPECT-CT/planar organ dosimetry-based radiation dose escalation radioimmunotherapy in patients with recurrent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma using the theranostic pair of

METHODS: 24 patients with CD20-positive relapsed or refractory rituximab-sensitive, low-grade, mantle cell, or diffuse large-cell NHL, with normal organ function, platelet counts > 75,000/mm

RESULTS: Patient-specific hybrid SPECT/CT + planar organ dosimetry was feasible in all 18 cases and used to determine the patient-specific therapeutic dose and guide dose escalation (26.8 ± 7.3 MBq/kg (mean), 26.3 MBq/kg (median) of

CONCLUSIONS: Patient-specific outpatient

Adolescent Animal Product Intake In Relation To Later Prostate Cancer Risk And Mortality In The Nih-Aarp Diet And Health Study, Tuo Lan, Yikyung Park, Graham A Colditz, Jingxia Liu, Rashmi Sinha, Molin Wang, Kana Wu, Edward Giovannucci, Siobhan Sutcliffe

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Adolescent intake of animal products has been proposed to contribute to prostate cancer (PCa) development because of its potentially carcinogenic constituents and influence on hormone levels during adolescence.

METHODS: We used data from 159,482 participants in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study to investigate associations for recalled adolescent intake of red meat (unprocessed beef and processed red meat), poultry, egg, canned tuna, animal fat and animal protein at ages 12-13 years with subsequent PCa risk and mortality over 14 years of follow-up. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of …

Microbial Sharing Between Pediatric Patients And Therapy Dogs During Hospital Animal-Assisted Intervention Programs, Kathryn R Dalton, Kathy Ruble, Laurel E Redding, Daniel O Morris, Noel T Mueller, Roland J Thorpe, Jacqueline Agnew, Karen C Carroll, Paul J Planet, Ronald C Rubenstein, Allen R Chen, Elizabeth A Grice, Meghan F Davis

Open Access Publications

Microbial sharing between humans and animals has been demonstrated in a variety of settings. However, the extent of microbial sharing that occurs within the healthcare setting during animal-assisted intervention programs is unknown. Understanding microbial transmission between patients and therapy dogs can provide important insights into potential health benefits for patients, in addition to addressing concerns regarding potential pathogen transmission that limits program utilization. This study evaluated for potential microbial sharing between pediatric patients and therapy dogs and tested whether patient-dog contact level and a dog decolonization protocol modified this sharing. Patients, therapy dogs, and the hospital environment were sampled before …

Bnp Facilitates Nmb-Encoded Histaminergic Itch Via Nprc-Nmbr Crosstalk, Qing-Tao Meng, Xian-Yu Liu, Xue-Ting Liu, Juan Liu, Admire Munanairi, Devin M. Barry, Benlong Liu, Hua Jin, Yu Sun, Qianyi Yang, Fang Gao, Li Wan, Jiahang Peng, Jin-Hua Jin, Kai-Feng Shen, Ray Kim, Jun Yin, Ailin Tao, Zhou-Feng Chen

Open Access Publications

Histamine-dependent and -independent itch is conveyed by parallel peripheral neural pathways that express gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and neuromedin B (NMB), respectively, to the spinal cord of mice. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been proposed to transmit both types of itch via its receptor NPRA encoded by

Despite Increasing Aldosterone, Elevated Potassium Is Not Necessary For Activating Aldosterone-Sensitive Hsd2 Neurons Or Sodium Appetite, Frederico S Fazan, Eduardo Colombari, Arthur D Loewy, Joel C Geerling

Open Access Publications

Restricting dietary sodium promotes sodium appetite in rats. Prolonged sodium restriction increases plasma potassium (pK), and elevated pK is largely responsible for a concurrent increase in aldosterone, which helps promote sodium appetite. In addition to increasing aldosterone, we hypothesized that elevated potassium directly influences the brain to promote sodium appetite. To test this, we restricted dietary potassium in sodium-deprived rats. Potassium restriction reduced pK and blunted the increase in aldosterone caused by sodium deprivation, but did not prevent sodium appetite or the activation of aldosterone-sensitive HSD2 neurons. Conversely, supplementing potassium in sodium-deprived rats increased pK and aldosterone, but did not …

Rna-Seq Identifies Genes Whose Proteins Are Upregulated During Syncytia Development In Murine C2c12 Myoblasts And Human Bewo Trophoblasts, Christopher Azar, Mark C Valentine, Julie Trausch-Azar, Lisa Rois, Moe Mahjoub, D Michael Nelson, Alan L Schwartz

Open Access Publications

The fusion of villous cytotrophoblasts into the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast is critical for the essential functions of the mammalian placenta. Using RNA-Seq gene expression, quantitative protein expression, and siRNA knockdown we identified genes and their cognate proteins which are similarly upregulated in two cellular models of mammalian syncytia development (human BeWo cytotrophoblast to syncytiotrophoblast and murine C2C12 myoblast to myotube). These include DYSF, PDE4DIP, SPIRE2, NDRG1, PLEC, GPR146, HSPB8, DHCR7, and HDAC5. These findings provide avenues for further understanding of the mechanisms underlying mammalian placental syncytiotrophoblast development.

Application Of Electrical Stimulation For Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Stimulation Parameters And Future Horizons, Saad Javeed, Amir H. Faraji, Christopher Dy, Wilson Z. Ray, Matthew R. Macewan

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Reproductive Aging In Caenorhabditis Elegans: From Molecules To Ecology, Andrea Scharf, Franziska Pohl, Brian M Egan, Zuzana Kocsisova, Kerry Kornfeld

Open Access Publications

Aging animals display a broad range of progressive degenerative changes, and one of the most fascinating is the decline of female reproductive function. In the model organism

Distinct And Dissociable Eeg Networks Are Associated With Recovery Of Cognitive Function Following Anesthesia-Induced Unconsciousness, Alexander Rokos, Bratislav Mišić, Kathleen Berkun, Catherine Duclos, Vijay Tarnal, Ellen Janke, Paul Picton, Goodarz Golmirzaie, Mathias Basner, Michael S Avidan, Max B Kelz, George A Mashour, Stefanie Blain-Moraes

Open Access Publications

The temporal trajectories and neural mechanisms of recovery of cognitive function after a major perturbation of consciousness is of both clinical and neuroscientific interest. The purpose of the present study was to investigate network-level changes in functional brain connectivity associated with the recovery and return of six cognitive functions after general anesthesia. High-density electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded from healthy volunteers undergoing a clinically relevant anesthesia protocol (propofol induction and isoflurane maintenance), and age-matched healthy controls. A battery of cognitive tests (motor praxis, visual object learning test, fractal-2-back, abstract matching, psychomotor vigilance test, digital symbol substitution test) was administered at baseline, …

Targeting Host Glycolysis As A Strategy For Antimalarial Development, Andrew J Jezewski, Yu-Hsi Lin, Julie A Reisz, Rachel Culp-Hill, Yasaman Barekatain, Victoria C Yan, Angelo D'Alessandro, Florian L Muller, Audrey R Odom John

Open Access Publications

Glycolysis controls cellular energy, redox balance, and biosynthesis. Antiglycolytic therapies are under investigation for treatment of obesity, cancer, aging, autoimmunity, and microbial diseases. Interrupting glycolysis is highly valued as a therapeutic strategy, because glycolytic disruption is generally tolerated in mammals. Unfortunately, anemia is a known dose-limiting side effect of these inhibitors and presents a major caveat to development of antiglycolytic therapies. We developed specific inhibitors of enolase - a critical enzyme in glycolysis - and validated their metabolic and cellular effects on human erythrocytes. Enolase inhibition increases erythrocyte susceptibility to oxidative damage and induces rapid and premature erythrocyte senescence, rather …

The Crossroads Of Glycoscience, Infection, And Immunology, Tanya R Mckitrick, Margaret E Ackerman, Robert M Anthony, Clay S Bennett, Michael Demetriou, Gregory A Hudalla, Katharina Ribbeck, Stefan Ruhl, Christina M Woo, Loretta Yang, Seth J Zost, Ronald L Schnaar, Tamara L Doering

Open Access Publications

Advances in experimental capabilities in the glycosciences offer expanding opportunities for discovery in the broad areas of immunology and microbiology. These two disciplines overlap when microbial infection stimulates host immune responses and glycan structures are central in the processes that occur during all such encounters. Microbial glycans mediate host-pathogen interactions by acting as surface receptors or ligands, functioning as virulence factors, impeding host immune responses, or playing other roles in the struggle between host and microbe. In the context of the host, glycosylation drives cell-cell interactions that initiate and regulate the host response and modulates the effects of antibodies and …

Antidiabetic Dpp-4 Inhibitors Reprogram Tumor Microenvironment That Facilitates Murine Breast Cancer Metastasis Through Interaction With Cancer Cells Via A Ros-Nf-Кb-Nlrp3 Axis, Rui Li, Xin Zeng, Meihua Yang, Jinmei Feng, Xiaohui Xu, Liming Bao, Tingbo Ye, Xin Wang, Bingqian Xue, Yi Huang

Open Access Publications

Improvement of understanding of the safety profile and biological significance of antidiabetic agents in breast cancer (BC) progression may shed new light on minimizing the unexpected side effect of antidiabetic reagents in diabetic patients with BC. Our recent finding showed that Saxagliptin (Sax) and Sitagliptin (Sit), two common antidiabetic dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) compounds, promoted murine BC 4T1 metastasis

Conserved Mechanism Of Bicarbonate-Induced Sensitization Of Catsper Channels In Human And Mouse Sperm, Juan J Ferreira, Pascale Lybaert, Lis C Puga-Molina, Celia M Santi

Open Access Publications

To fertilize an egg, mammalian sperm must undergo capacitation in the female genital tract. A key contributor to capacitation is the calcium (Ca

Phylum-Spanning Neuropeptide Gpcr Identification And Prioritization: Shaping Drug Target Discovery Pipelines For Nematode Parasite Control, Louise E Atkinson, Ciaran J Mccoy, Bethany A Crooks, Fiona M Mckay, Paul Mcveigh, Darrin Mckenzie, Allister Irvine, John Harrington, Bruce A Rosa, Makedonka Mitreva, Nikki J Marks, Aaron G Maule, Angela Mousley

Open Access Publications

Nematode parasites undermine human health and global food security. The frontline anthelmintic portfolio used to treat parasitic nematodes is threatened by the escalation of anthelmintic resistance, resulting in a demand for new drug targets for parasite control. Nematode neuropeptide signalling pathways represent an attractive source of novel drug targets which currently remain unexploited. The complexity of the nematode neuropeptidergic system challenges the discovery of new targets for parasite control, however recent advances in parasite 'omics' offers an opportunity for the

Sensory Percepts Elicited By Chronic Macro-Sieve Electrode Stimulation Of The Rat Sciatic Nerve, Nikhil S Chandra, Weston M Mccarron, Ying Yan, Luis C Ruiz, Eric G Sallinger, Nathan K Birenbaum, Harold Burton, Leonard Green, Daniel W Moran, Wilson Z Ray, Matthew R Macewan

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Rotavirus Susceptibility Of Antibiotic-Treated Mice Ascribed To Diminished Expression Of Interleukin-22, Daniel Schnepf, Pedro Hernandez, Tanel Mahlakõiv, Stefania Crotta, Meagan E. Sullender, Stefan T. Peterson, Annette Ohnemus, Camille Michiels, Ian Gentle, Laure Dumoutier, Celso A. Reis, Andreas Diefenbach, Andreas Wack, Megan T. Baldridge, Peter Staeheli

Open Access Publications

The commensal microbiota regulates susceptibility to enteric pathogens by fine-tuning mucosal innate immune responses, but how susceptibility to enteric viruses is shaped by the microbiota remains incompletely understood. Past reports have indicated that commensal bacteria may either promote or repress rotavirus replication in the small intestine of mice. We now report that rotavirus replicated more efficiently in the intestines of germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice compared to animals with an unmodified microbiota. Antibiotic treatment also facilitated rotavirus replication in type I and type III interferon (IFN) receptor-deficient mice, revealing IFN-independent proviral effects. Expression of interleukin-22 (IL-22) was strongly diminished in the …

Apobec1 Mediated C-To-U Rna Editing: Target Sequence And Trans-Acting Factor Contribution To 177 Rna Editing Events In 119 Murine Transcripts In-Vivo, Saeed Soleymanjahi, Valerie Blanc, Nicholas Davidson

Open Access Publications

Mammalian C-to-U RNA editing was described more than 30 years ago as a single nucleotide modification in small intestinal Apob RNA, later shown to be mediated by the RNA-specific cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. Reports of other examples of C-to-U RNA editing, coupled with the advent of genome-wide transcriptome sequencing, identified an expanded range of APOBEC1 targets. Here we analyze the cis-acting regulatory components of verified murine C-to-U RNA editing targets, including nearest neighbor as well as flanking sequence requirements and folding predictions. RNA secondary structure of the editing cassette was associated with editing frequency and exhibited minimal free energy values comparable …

Mr Elastography Demonstrates Reduced White Matter Shear Stiffness In Early-Onset Hydrocephalus, M E Wagshul, J P Mcallister, D D Limbrick Jr, S Yang, W Mowrey, J T Goodrich, A Meiri, D M Morales, A Kobets, R Abbott

Open Access Publications

INTRODUCTION: Hydrocephalus that develops early in life is often accompanied by developmental delays, headaches and other neurological deficits, which may be associated with changes in brain shear stiffness. However, noninvasive approaches to measuring stiffness are limited. Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) of the brain is a relatively new noninvasive imaging method that provides quantitative measures of brain tissue stiffness. Herein, we aimed to use MRE to assess brain stiffness in hydrocephalus patients compared to healthy controls, and to assess its associations with ventricular size, as well as demographic, shunt-related and clinical outcome measures.

METHODS: MRE was collected at two imaging sites …

Analysis Of Ureteral Diameter And Peristalsis In Response To Irrigant Fluid Temperature Changes In An In Vivo Porcine Model, Roshan M. Patel, Pengbo Jiang, Rajiv Karani, Tarik Phillips, Raphael B. Arada, Lillian Xie, Hyder Said, Shlomi Tapiero, Jaime Landman, Ted Farzaneh, Ramakrishna Venkatesh, Ralph V. Clayman

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Interleukin 33 Triggers Early Eosinophil-Dependent Events Leading To Metaplasia In A Chronic Model Of Gastritis-Prone Mice, Carlo De Salvo, Jason C. Mills, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Fluvoxamine: A Review Of Its Mechanism Of Action And Its Role In Covid-19, Vikas P Sukhatme, Angela M Reiersen, Sharat J Vayttaden, Vidula V Sukhatme

Open Access Publications

Fluvoxamine is a well-tolerated, widely available, inexpensive selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that has been shown in a small, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study to prevent clinical deterioration of patients with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Fluvoxamine is also an agonist for the sigma-1 receptor, through which it controls inflammation. We review here a body of literature that shows important mechanisms of action of fluvoxamine and other SSRIs that could play a role in COVID-19 treatment. These effects include: reduction in platelet aggregation, decreased mast cell degranulation, interference with endolysosomal viral trafficking, regulation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α-driven inflammation and increased melatonin levels, …

Are Fc Gamma Receptor Polymorphisms Important In Hiv-1 Infection Outcomes And Latent Reservoir Size?, Helena Lamptey, Evelyn Y Bonney, Bright Adu, George B Kyei

Open Access Publications

Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) are cell surface glycoproteins which trigger specific effector-cell responses when cross-linked with the Fc portions of immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies. During HIV-1 infection, the course of disease progression, ART response, and viral reservoir size vary in different individuals. Several factors may account for these differences; however, Fc gamma receptor gene polymorphisms, which influence receptor binding to IgG antibodies, are likely to play a key role. FcγRIIa (CD32) was recently reported as a potential marker for latent HIV reservoir, however, this assertion is still inconclusive. Whether FcγR polymorphisms influence the size of the viral reservoir, remains an important …

Eaat5 Glutamate Transporter-Mediated Inhibition In The Vertebrate Retina, Peter D Lukasiewcz, Gregory W Bligard, James D Debrecht

Open Access Publications

Glutamate transporters typically remove glutamate from the synaptic cleft. In addition, all glutamate transporters have a chloride channel, which is opened upon glutamate binding to the transporter. There are five types of glutamate transporter (EAATs 1-5, excitatory amino acid transporters), which have distinct chloride conductances. Some EAATs that have low chloride conductances, remove glutamate from the synaptic cleft most effectively (e.g., EAAT1). By contrast, EAATs that have high chloride conductances, remove glutamate less effectively (e.g., EAAT5). We have studied EAAT5 in the retina. In the retina, light activates a chloride current, mediated by the glutamate activation of EAAT5. EAAT5 is …

Identify. Quantify. Predict. Why Immunologists Should Widely Use Molecular Imaging For Coronavirus Disease 2019, Freimut D Juengling, Antonio Maldonado, Frank Wuest, Thomas H Schindler

Open Access Publications

Molecular imaging using PET/CT or PET/MRI has evolved from an experimental imaging modality at its inception in 1972 to an integral component of diagnostic procedures in oncology, and, to lesser extent, in cardiology and neurology, by successfully offering