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A Nonlocal Spatial Model On Continuous Time And Space, Fan Zhang
A Nonlocal Spatial Model On Continuous Time And Space, Fan Zhang
Open Access Dissertations
In this work we studied a nonlocal spatial model on continuous time and space. Based on Levins’ metapopulation framework, we developed a population model with nonlocal dispersal. The dispersal is modeled by an integro-differential equation. In the first chapter, we studied the well-posedness of a single species model. We established the existence and uniqueness of solution, and proved a version of maxi- mum principal as well as comparison theorem. To study the stability of equilibria, we considered an eigenvalue problem and provided an estimation of the eigenvalue. Then we gave the condition of having a stable positive equilibrium, which biologi- …
Stromatolite Provinces Of Hamelin Pool, Western Australia, Erica Parke Suosaari
Stromatolite Provinces Of Hamelin Pool, Western Australia, Erica Parke Suosaari
Open Access Dissertations
Hamelin Pool, Shark Bay, Western Australia, is home to the most extensive living stromatolite system in the world, providing an analog for Precambrian fossils that dominated the planet for over 80% of Earth’s history. Due to the remote location and restricted access of Hamelin Pool, which is a marine reserve within a World Heritage area, previous geospatial, microstructural and environmental studies in this area are limited in scope. Existing ground truth data comes mainly from the two iconic stromatolite locations located on the western margin (Flagpole Landing and Carbla Point). Additionally, many studies are out of date with current technology …
Immigrant Residential Concentration And Ethnic Economy As Correlates Of Violent Crime Rates: Can Ethnic Enclave Theory Help Solve The Immigrant Paradox?, Feodor Alexeiivitch Gostjev
Immigrant Residential Concentration And Ethnic Economy As Correlates Of Violent Crime Rates: Can Ethnic Enclave Theory Help Solve The Immigrant Paradox?, Feodor Alexeiivitch Gostjev
Open Access Dissertations
A large number of studies show that immigrant residential concentration is associated with lower crime rates. These findings challenge public opinion which consistently links immigration with higher crime rates and the predictions made by some social scientists regarding the life chances of immigrants in America. The negative association between immigration and crime is often referred to as the immigrant paradox. Recently, immigrant enclave theory has emerged as the key explanation of the immigrant paradox. This theory was originally developed by sociology of immigration scholars. In this dissertation I argue that criminologists have failed to properly integrate immigrant enclave theory into …
Learnable Knowledge For Autonomous Agents, Saminda Abeyruwan
Learnable Knowledge For Autonomous Agents, Saminda Abeyruwan
Open Access Dissertations
While computation power has increased and the statistical machine learning methods have made substantial advancement, many problems that would benefit from real-time interpretation have not exploited their combined strengths. For instance, the problem of gathering data from the environment and transforming it into knowledge as well as updating the knowledge as new data become available. Currently, with substantial expressivity and moderate computational cost, high-level languages or first-order predicate logic or model-based machine learning are used for static representation of knowledge, that is used for reasoning and inferring. In this dissertation, we address how an entity dynamically gather knowledge from environmental …
Social Determinants Of Depression Among Hispanic Women, Giovanna Cecilia De Oliveira
Social Determinants Of Depression Among Hispanic Women, Giovanna Cecilia De Oliveira
Open Access Dissertations
Depression is the number one cause of disability in the world, affecting over 350 million people. It is characterized by mood changes, alteration in self-attitude, cognitive functioning, sleep, appetite, and energy level, and causes impairment in social and occupational functioning and a decrease in the quality of life of the depressed person, family, and friends. Across different societies and social contexts throughout the world, depression affects significantly more women than men. The situation is similar in the U.S., where women are 70% more likely than men to experience depression during their lifetime. The age of onset of depression in women …
Design And Fabrication Of Optical Polymer Waveguide Devices For Optical Interconnects And Integrated Optical Coherence Tomography, Guomin Jiang
Open Access Dissertations
Optical interconnects is a promising technique to boost the speed of electronic systems through replacing high speed electrical data buses using optical ones. Optical coherence tomography is an attractive imaging technique that has been widely used in medical imaging applications with capability of high resolution subsurface cross sectional imaging in living tissues. Both the optical interconnects and the optical coherence tomography imaging may benefit from the use of integrated optics technology in particular polymer waveguides that can be designed and fabricated to improve the device capability, system compactness, and performance reliability. In this dissertation, we first present our innovative design …
Early Detection And Intervention Strategies For Acute Cartilage Injury After Intact Joint Impact: In-Vitro Porcine Knee Model, Amaris Aileen Genemaras
Early Detection And Intervention Strategies For Acute Cartilage Injury After Intact Joint Impact: In-Vitro Porcine Knee Model, Amaris Aileen Genemaras
Open Access Dissertations
Traumatic injury to cartilage has been shown to lead to Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis (PTOA). The acute phase of PTOA is characterized with increased expression of aggrecanases and inflammatory cytokines in the injured cartilage. Aberrant regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the cartilage has been associated with the pathogenesis of PTOA. The objective of this dissertation work was to elucidate potential early detection and intervention strategies for acute knee injury based on the miRNA and genetic changes of knee joint tissues. An ex-vivo intact joint impact injury model was created to examine the miRNA and inflammatory and degenerative gene expression in cartilage and …
Functional Characterization Of Fmr4, A Trans- Acting Long Non-Coding Rna Associated With The Fragile X Locus, Veronica J. Peschansky
Functional Characterization Of Fmr4, A Trans- Acting Long Non-Coding Rna Associated With The Fragile X Locus, Veronica J. Peschansky
Open Access Dissertations
CGG repeat expansions in the Fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene are responsible for a family of associated disorders characterized by either intellectual disability and autism (Fragile X Syndrome, FXS), or adult-onset neurodegeneration (Fragile X-associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome, FXTAS). However, the FMR1 locus is complex and encodes several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), whose expression is altered by repeat expansion mutations. The role of these lncRNAs is thus far unknown; therefore we investigated the functionality of FMR4, which we previously identified. “Full”-length expansions of the FMR1 triplet repeat cause silencing of both FMR1 and FMR4, thus we are interested in potential …
The Effects Of Telephone-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management On Inflammation And Symptoms In Myalgic Enchephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Computational Immunology Approach, Emily G. Lattie
Open Access Dissertations
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a multi-systemic and unpredictable medical illness for which effective treatments are lacking. A number of studies have documented immune dysregulation in this patient population, and past research has demonstrated the benefits of stress management training on immune functioning. Due to unpredictable and often severe symptoms, patients with ME/CFS have reported difficulties in attending appointments outside of the home. In consideration of these difficulties, this patient population may particularly benefit from therapeutic services available from one’s own home. This study aimed to examine the impact of telephone-delivered CBSM on inflammation and symptoms in individuals with …
Activation And Inhibition Of Pannexin 1 Channels, David George Jackson
Activation And Inhibition Of Pannexin 1 Channels, David George Jackson
Open Access Dissertations
Pannexin 1 is one of three pannexins, a vertebrate protein family related to the invertebrate innexins. Unlike its innexin relatives, Pannexin 1 does not form gap junctions in vivo, but it does form plasma membrane channels that act as ATP release channels. ATP release through Pannexin 1 serves multiple physiological roles throughout the body, including in the central nervous system, or CNS. Pannexin 1 also plays a pathophysiological role in CNS injury as part of the cell death-inducing P2X7-Pannexin 1 complex. During CNS injury, increased extracellular K+ activates Pannexin 1 by an unknown mechanism. Since Pannexin 1 block might ameliorate …
Rewriting The Past: The Influence Of Written Emotional Expression On Psychosocial Outcomes, Physical Symptoms, Medication Adherence, Cd4 Cell Count, And Viral Load In Hiv., Courtney Biondi Kelsch
Rewriting The Past: The Influence Of Written Emotional Expression On Psychosocial Outcomes, Physical Symptoms, Medication Adherence, Cd4 Cell Count, And Viral Load In Hiv., Courtney Biondi Kelsch
Open Access Dissertations
Psychosocial factors play a role in HIV progression. Expressive writing (EW) interventions have demonstrated positive effects on psychosocial and disease-related outcomes in HIV. Linguistic properties of written essays have been related to psychological outcomes, although such research is sparse in the HIV literature. This project examines the relationship of word usage to psychosocial and disease-related factors in HIV. As part of a larger randomized, controlled trial of EW, this project examined the subset of subjects (n = 121) randomized to write about trauma. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software was used to analyze word usage (pronouns, positive, negative, social, …
Numerical Modeling Of Onshore Plankton Transport, Atsushi Fujimura
Numerical Modeling Of Onshore Plankton Transport, Atsushi Fujimura
Open Access Dissertations
Cross-shore exchange of plankton plays an important role in marine ecosystems and coastal communities. Larvae of many intertidal invertebrate species grow offshore and come back to the shore for settlement by crossing the energetic surf zone: however, shoreward transport mechanisms are not well understood. To test the possible onshore transport mechanisms, numerical simulations are performed based on the field campaigns conducted at Sand City beach (a mildly sloping rip-channeled beach) and Carmel River State Beach (CRSB, a steep pocket beach). The model consists of the 3D hydrodynamic model Delft3D and an individual based model for larval tracking. As weak swimmers, …
S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase-Dependent Ppargamma Denitrosylation Participates In Msc-Derived Adipogenesis And Osteogenesis, Yenong Cao
Open Access Dissertations
Osteogenesis and adipogenesis are two closely linked processes that share the same precursor, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs are a rare population of non-hematopoietic stromal cells, present in bone marrow and almost every type of connective tissue. It is crucial to understand the signals that govern the specificity of MSC differentiation. Adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ can stimulate adipogenesis while inhibit osteogenesis. However, the role of potential regulators of PPARγ activity in this differentiation shift remains unknown. One potential regulator is nitric oxide (NO). NO enhances adipogenesis of human preadipocytes while decreasing cell proliferation. Studies in mice with a …
Heterotrophy And Lipids As Indicators Of Resilience To Climate Change Stress In Scleractinian Corals, Erica K. Towle
Heterotrophy And Lipids As Indicators Of Resilience To Climate Change Stress In Scleractinian Corals, Erica K. Towle
Open Access Dissertations
Coral reefs are biodiverse ecosystems with high biological, cultural, economic, and recreational value that are facing multiple anthropogenic stressors, the greatest of which is global climate change via warming and ocean acidification (OA). Increased warming throughout the century may reach a point where frequent bleaching, the expulsion of corals’ symbiotic algae that can provide the coral with over 90% of its daily metabolic requirements, may cause widespread mortality. OA, a result of increased carbon dioxide dissolving into seawater, changes the chemistry of seawater such that the pH of the ocean becomes more acidic. This decrease in pH is accompanied by …
A Multimethod Assessment Of Emotion Regulation And Associations With Anxiety Symptoms In A Clinical Sample Of School-Age Youth, Emily Laird Bilek
A Multimethod Assessment Of Emotion Regulation And Associations With Anxiety Symptoms In A Clinical Sample Of School-Age Youth, Emily Laird Bilek
Open Access Dissertations
There is a wealth of research demonstrating the relationship between emotion regulation deficits and anxiety symptoms (Zeman, Shipman & Suveg, 2002; Penza-Clyve & Zeman, 2002; Suveg & Zeman, 2004). However, rigorous investigations incorporating multimethod assessments of emotion regulation are rare (Adrian, Zeman & Viets, 2011; Thompson, 2011a). Participants were 153 children, ages 6-13 (Mage = 9.39, 51.6% male), diagnosed with a clinical anxiety disorder. Analyses indicated significant convergence between parent- and child-report of dysregulation, and between informant and observer-reports of dysregulation. No other convergence was observed. Examinations of divergence across parent- and child-report of youth inhibition, dysregulation and coping indicated …
The Role Of Nuclear Factor Of Activated T-Cells In Chronic Kidney Disease, Alexis Joanna Sloan
The Role Of Nuclear Factor Of Activated T-Cells In Chronic Kidney Disease, Alexis Joanna Sloan
Open Access Dissertations
Aberrant elevation in cytoplasmic calcium levels in podocytes cause changes in podocyte morphology and glomerular permeability. The phosphatase calcineurin responds to elevated calcium by dephosphorylating the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT). We have shown that podocyte-specific activation of NFAT in transgenic mice causes rapid proteinuria. Transgenic mice with the podocyte-specific, doxycyclin (Dox)-inducible expression of constitutively active NFAT (NFATc1nuc) were fed Dox chow, and urine albumin levels were monitored. Mice were sacrificed at different time points for histological studies of the kidney, including H&E, TEM analysis of the podocyte foot process (FP) structure and WT1 labeling to determine podocyte numbers. …
The Development And Examination Of A New Walking Executive Function Test For People Over 50 Years Of Age, Arturo Leyva Pizano
The Development And Examination Of A New Walking Executive Function Test For People Over 50 Years Of Age, Arturo Leyva Pizano
Open Access Dissertations
BACKGROUND: Reduction in executive function (EF) performance is one of the most important factors associated with the loss of functional independence among older adults. Computer-based tests are commonly used to evaluate EF; however, these tests are upper limb dominant (mouse and keyboard) while most activities of daily living (ADL) are lower limb dominant. The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of a newly developed walking EF test called the Walking Response and Inhibition Test (WRIT). We not only validated the WRIT by comparing the associations between its results and those of a number of established computer-based tests, …
The Effects Of Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise On Cognition And Arousal In Extrovert And Introvert Personality Types, Deborah Riquelme
The Effects Of Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise On Cognition And Arousal In Extrovert And Introvert Personality Types, Deborah Riquelme
Open Access Dissertations
The present study examined differences in cognitive function between extrovert and introvert personality groups using a modified flanker task that included easy (congruent) and more difficult (incongruent) trials, at rest and during exercise. Dependent variables included amplitude and latency of the N100 component of event-related potentials, and behavioral measures included accuracy and reaction time. Fifteen extroverts and 14 introverts, ages 18-30 (22 women and 7 men), participated in the study. Although there were no significant differences in cognitive function between personality groups for any measures, cognitive function improved from rest to exercise for the entire sample as indexed by decreased …
Psychological Predictors Of Survival And Disease Recurrence In Women With Breast Cancer Following Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management, Jamie M. Stagl
Psychological Predictors Of Survival And Disease Recurrence In Women With Breast Cancer Following Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management, Jamie M. Stagl
Open Access Dissertations
Women diagnosed with early stage breast cancer experience elevated psychological distress associated with diagnosis and treatment that may have long term implications for disease progression and overall survival. Group-based Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) has been shown to improve quality of life (QOL) and depressive symptoms in women with early stage breast cancer up to 12 months post-surgery. The current study aimed to examine whether women who received CBSM have better survival, breast cancer specific survival, and disease free interval at 8-15 year follow-up. The study also aimed to determine whether women in the CBSM group report less depressive symptoms and …
Evolution Of Polyspora ( = Gordonia; Theaceae) In Sri Lanka, Liyana Arachchilage Anuradha Himashi Gunathilake
Evolution Of Polyspora ( = Gordonia; Theaceae) In Sri Lanka, Liyana Arachchilage Anuradha Himashi Gunathilake
Open Access Dissertations
This dissertation examined the evolutionary relationships and evolutionary history of four endemic species of the genus Polyspora (= Gordonia) in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka is part of the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hot spot with extraordinarily high species richness and endemism. In spite of its diversity and uniqueness, the biogeography of this region, especially of the flora, remains grossly understudied. My research aimed to fill this void by using the four endemic species of the genus Polyspora in Sri Lanka in phylogenetic, biogeographic, and morphological analyses. All four species of Polyspora in Sri Lanka are restricted to the wetzone of …
Synchronous Control Of A Reinforcement Learning Based Brain-Machine Interface With Biological Feedback, Noeline W. J. A. L. Prins
Synchronous Control Of A Reinforcement Learning Based Brain-Machine Interface With Biological Feedback, Noeline W. J. A. L. Prins
Open Access Dissertations
Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMIs) have the potential of restoring functionality of persons suffering from paralysis and amputations. At present, BMIs have been developed to use cortical neural signals and control prosthetic devices or to stimulate paralyzed limbs. However, these BMIs rely on an external training signal (usually desired kinematics) as a reference to infer an error signal to be able to adapt the decoder appropriately and learn the task. For amputees and paralyzed persons, a desired kinematic cannot be measured directly. We propose to acquire an error or reward signal from the brain itself as a training signal for motor decoders. …
Automated Brain Lesion Detection And Segmentation Using Magnetic Resonance Images, Nooshin Nabizadeh
Automated Brain Lesion Detection And Segmentation Using Magnetic Resonance Images, Nooshin Nabizadeh
Open Access Dissertations
Automated segmentation of brain lesions in magnetic resonance images (MRI) is a difficult procedure due to the variability and complexity of the location, size, shape, and texture of these lesions. In this study, four algorithms for brain lesion detection and segmentation using MRI are proposed. In the first algorithm, an automatic algorithm for brain stroke lesion detection and segmentation using single-spectral MRI is proposed, which is called histogram-based gravitational optimization algorithm (HGOA). HGOA is a novel intensity-based segmentation technique that applies enhanced gravitational optimization algorithm on histogram analysis results to segment the brain lesion. The ischemic stroke lesions are segmented …
Dopaminergic Variants In Siblings At High Risk For Autism: Associations With Joint Attention And Behavior Problems, Devon Nicole Gangi
Dopaminergic Variants In Siblings At High Risk For Autism: Associations With Joint Attention And Behavior Problems, Devon Nicole Gangi
Open Access Dissertations
Infant siblings at risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD; high-risk siblings) exhibit lower levels of joint attention and higher levels of behavior problems than low-risk siblings (siblings with no family history of ASD), but also exhibit high levels of variability in these domains. The neurotransmitter dopamine is linked to brain areas associated with attention, reward, and motivation. Common genetic variants affecting dopamine neurotransmission, DRD4 and DRD2, have been associated with attention difficulties and behavior problems in typically developing children. We examined whether these variants explain variability in ASD-relevant behaviors in high-risk siblings. DRD4 and DRD2 genotypes for high-risk and low-risk …
Eulerian Dynamics And Lagrangian Transport At The Submesoscale And Below, Jean A. Mensa
Eulerian Dynamics And Lagrangian Transport At The Submesoscale And Below, Jean A. Mensa
Open Access Dissertations
The goal of this work is to study the Lagrangian and Eulerian properties of the scales below the mesoscale. In the last few years, developments in the observations and numerical modeling capabilities allowed to venture in the domain of the submesoscale (SM) opening a broad range of questions on the dynamics of these scales and their role in the ocean circulation. In the first part of this dissertation we investigate some of the properties of these scales while in the last part we enter the domain of the fully 3D dynamics with a study of dynamics of the convective mixed …
Small-Molecule Probes For The Modulation Of Ligand-Receptor Interactions Within The Tnf Superfamily, Yun Song
Small-Molecule Probes For The Modulation Of Ligand-Receptor Interactions Within The Tnf Superfamily, Yun Song
Open Access Dissertations
The activation and clonal expansion of T cells requires not just engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR), but also a functionally defined second co-stimulatory signal. Interactions between several co-stimulatory molecules within the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily (TNFSF) expressed by T cells and various other immune and non-immune cell types are central to T-cell function. Modulation of these interactions holds remarkable therapeutic promise as confirmed by various animal models of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, transplant rejections, and cancer. Following the recent identification of the first small-molecule inhibitors of the CD40–CD40L co-stimulatory protein-protein interaction (PPI) in our group, the present …
Progerin Expression Disrupts Critical Adult Stem Cell Functions That Mediate Tissue Repair Primarily Through A Mechanism That Permanently Farnesylates Lamin A, Laurin Marie Pacheco
Progerin Expression Disrupts Critical Adult Stem Cell Functions That Mediate Tissue Repair Primarily Through A Mechanism That Permanently Farnesylates Lamin A, Laurin Marie Pacheco
Open Access Dissertations
Vascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Vascular repair, essential for tissue maintenance, is critically reduced during vascular disease and aging. Efficient vascular repair requires functional adult stem cells unimpaired by aging or mutation. One protein candidate for reducing stem cell-mediated vascular repair is progerin, a truncated and permanently farnesylated splice variant of lamin A. Progerin expression significantly increases during aging, and is detected in aged, atherosclerotic tissues. Mutations triggering progerin overexpression cause the premature aging disorder Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), in which patients die at approximately 13-years of age due to atherosclerosis. Non-specific farnesylation inhibitors are currently …
Shark Vulnerability To Fishery Interactions: Assessing Ecological, Physiological, And Social Agents Of Risk, Austin J. Gallagher
Shark Vulnerability To Fishery Interactions: Assessing Ecological, Physiological, And Social Agents Of Risk, Austin J. Gallagher
Open Access Dissertations
The impacts of fisheries capture on the physiology, behavior, and survival of sharks have previously been investigated via both laboratory and field studies, and have primarily been conducted in temperate waters on species commonly encountered in pelagic commercial fisheries, or with juveniles of small species which can be easily maintained in captivity. In contrast, relatively little attention has been directed towards shark capture stress and survival research in subtropical or coastal areas which contain a higher diversity of species that can also be fished nearly year-round by both commercial and recreational industries. Furthermore, the vast majority of previous work to …
Expression And Functions Of Dab2 In The Mouse Model, Wensi Tao
Expression And Functions Of Dab2 In The Mouse Model, Wensi Tao
Open Access Dissertations
Disabled-2 (Dab2) is a widely expressed endocytic adaptor with a phosphotyrosine-binding domain (PTB) that binds to NPXY motifs found in many transmembrane receptors. Dab2 also contains a proline-rich domain that binds to Grb2 in competition with Sos1, thus Dab2 modulates Ras/MAPK activation. We produced Dab2 conditional knockout mice using Sox2-cre to delete the floxed dab2 allele. Both copies of the dab2 gene were efficiently deleted in the embryos but not in the extraembryonic endoderm. The Dab2 conditional knockout mice were viable and grossly normal. However, our investigation of these mutant mice revealed multiple biological deviations. Firstly, Dab2-deficient mammary glands showed …
Temporal And Spatial Patterns In Coral Reef Soundscapes And Their Relevance For Larval Fish Orientation, Erica R. Staaterman
Temporal And Spatial Patterns In Coral Reef Soundscapes And Their Relevance For Larval Fish Orientation, Erica R. Staaterman
Open Access Dissertations
Most coral reef fish adults have limited home ranges, but their pelagic larvae have the potential to disperse over great distances. At the end of the pelagic phase, these larvae must seek appropriate settlement habitat. Which environmental signals do they use to find the reef? It has been suggested that fish larvae utilize a combination of visual, olfactory, and acoustic cues at different ontogenetic stages and different distances from the reef. At least ten experiments in the last decade have tested the response of reef fish larvae to sounds of a coral reef, resulting in more than 650 citations. This …
Leafwing Population Dynamics (Genus Anaea, Lepidoptera; Nymphalidae) And Viability Of The Endangered Florida Leafwing, Robert M. Mcelderry
Leafwing Population Dynamics (Genus Anaea, Lepidoptera; Nymphalidae) And Viability Of The Endangered Florida Leafwing, Robert M. Mcelderry
Open Access Dissertations
Butterfly populations are in decline in Florida. An example is the Florida leafwing, Anaea troglodyta floridalis (Nymphalidae), a species endemic to the pine rocklands in South Florida. I used a variety of approaches to investigate the population dynamics of leafwing butterflies, including two widespread congeners, A. aidea and A. andria. This dissertation describes two population models, one that evaluated the extinction risk and sensitivity of A. t. floridalis to disturbances such as fire, and the other evaluated the sensitivity of annual population dynamics in response to seasonal life history. Using demographic data from field surveys and laboratory experiments, my work …