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P27 Drives Pi3k-Dependent Cancer Metastasis By Activating Emt Transcription Factors To Induce An Emt Program, Alexandra Besser
P27 Drives Pi3k-Dependent Cancer Metastasis By Activating Emt Transcription Factors To Induce An Emt Program, Alexandra Besser
Open Access Dissertations
In normal cells, p27 regulates cell cycle and functions as an atypical tumor suppressor. Unlike typical tumor suppressors such as p16 and pRb, p27 gene deletions or mutations are rarely observed in human cancers. Instead, p27 is deregulated through either excess degradation or through key C-terminal phosphorylations, in human cancers. Phosphorylation at T157 or T198 by different PI3K effector kinases allows p27 to take on new binding partners and promote oncogenic transformation. This thesis addresses the functional contribution of T157 and T198-phosphorylated, deregulated p27 to cancer progression and metastasis. By studying the effects of a transfected cell cycle defective (CK-) …
Identification And Tracking Of Coherent Agulhas Current Rings, Yan Wang
Identification And Tracking Of Coherent Agulhas Current Rings, Yan Wang
Open Access Dissertations
Recent advancements in nonlinear dynamical systems theory have led to the development of a methodology, called geodesic eddy detection, for the objective (i.e., frame-independent) framing and tracking of coherent Lagrangian eddies in two-dimensional unsteady flows. Such eddies have material boundaries that do not stretch or fold over long periods of time, thereby providing an explicit mechanism of transport of fluid and distinguished properties, such as temperature and salinity. Eddies identified from Eulerian criteria (e.g., as regions enclosed by streamlines where rotation dominates over strain instantaneously) do not possess this property as such criteria either depend on the choice of reference …
Phenotypic Assays For Reactive Gliosis: Towards Multicellular Polypharmacology For Spinal Cord Injury, Samuel Robert Beckerman
Phenotypic Assays For Reactive Gliosis: Towards Multicellular Polypharmacology For Spinal Cord Injury, Samuel Robert Beckerman
Open Access Dissertations
Following traumatic central nervous system (CNS) injury, most severed axons fail to regenerate beyond the glial scar. This results in persistent deficits, including paralysis. Regenerative failure is due to neuron-intrinsic and extrinsic factors (i.e. CNS glial cells). Astrocytes are interesting extrinsic factors because they are a major constituent of the glial scar. After injury, astrocyte phenotypes change in a process called reactive gliosis. Reactive astrocytes are characterized by expansion of their glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) cytoskeleton and increased expression of axon-growth inhibitory chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). As there are no FDA-approved drugs that enhance regeneration or functional recovery, there …
Stability, Structure, And Reactivity Of Biotemplated Metal Nanoparticles, Nicholas A. Merrill
Stability, Structure, And Reactivity Of Biotemplated Metal Nanoparticles, Nicholas A. Merrill
Open Access Dissertations
Metal nanomaterials are used for a variety of applications ranging from biomedical to electronics. Gold nanomaterials are of particular interest due to their unique optical and electronic properties and the ability to easily functionalize the gold surface. One disadvantage to using gold nanorods in biological applications is the lack of particle stability during surface modification processes. In this regard, the surfactant concentration during gold nanorod washing was studied for multiple washing steps where a minimum CTAB concentration of 0.5 mM was required to maintain stability throughout 10 wash cycles. While there are numerous routes to synthesize metal nanomaterials, biomolecules such …
A Consensus On The Definition And Knowledge Base For Computer Graphics, Michael Alden Roller
A Consensus On The Definition And Knowledge Base For Computer Graphics, Michael Alden Roller
Open Access Dissertations
Despite several decades of historical innovation, measurable impacts, and multiple specializations the existing knowledge base for Computer Graphics (CG) lacks consensus, and numerous definitions for it have been published based on distinct contexts. Disagreement among post-secondary academics has divided CG programs into three contextual areas that emphasize different topics. This division has resulted in the decontextualization of CG education, and CG programs now face several challenges in meeting the needs of industry. Employing the Delphi Method, this investigation explored the perceptions among post-secondary educators and industry professionals about the definition of CG and how it is identified in terms of …
Pubertal Maturation And Depressive Symptoms Among Developing Young Women: Examining The Moderating Influence Of Parent-Daughter Relationship Quality., Courtney L. Whitt
Pubertal Maturation And Depressive Symptoms Among Developing Young Women: Examining The Moderating Influence Of Parent-Daughter Relationship Quality., Courtney L. Whitt
Open Access Dissertations
Given the heightened incidence of depression among girls of pubertal age, this study sought to examine the interrelationships between pubertal advancement, the nature and stability of parent-daughter relationship quality, and depressive symptomology. Grounded in an Integrated Life Course model, and drawing upon diathesis-stress, stress-buffering, and family life cycle perspectives, an essential aim of this research was to identify risks and resources in the parent-daughter relationship that may actualize or attenuate the emergence of depressive symptomology in puberty. Study hypotheses were examined in a diverse, nationally representative sample of girls, ages 12 to 16, who participated in the National Longitudinal Study …
Examining The Role Of Nef In The Resistance Of Siv–Infected Macrophages To Cd8+ T Cell Suppression, Jennifer Nina Rainho
Examining The Role Of Nef In The Resistance Of Siv–Infected Macrophages To Cd8+ T Cell Suppression, Jennifer Nina Rainho
Open Access Dissertations
SIV–specific CD8+ T cells kill SIV–infected CD4+ T cells in an MHC Class I (MHC–I) dependent manner. However, they are reportedly less efficient at killing SIV–infected macrophages. Since the viral accessory protein, Nef, has been shown to down–regulate MHC–I molecules and enhance CTL evasion in HIV–1 infected CD4+ T cells, we examined whether Nef played a role in protecting SIV–infected macrophages from killing by SIV–specific CD8+ T cells. To explore the role of Nef in CD8+ T cell evasion, we compared the ability of freshly sorted SIV–specific CD8+ T cells to readily suppress viral replication or eliminate CD4+ T cells …
Role Of Cdc37 In The Structural Proofreading Of Erbb Receptor Tyrosine Kinases, Wenjun Liu
Role Of Cdc37 In The Structural Proofreading Of Erbb Receptor Tyrosine Kinases, Wenjun Liu
Open Access Dissertations
Folding and maturation of most protein kinases require chaperone assistance. In higher eukaryotes, CDC37 is the predominant cochaperone that facilitates the transfer of kinase clients to Hsp90. Kinase recognition is thought to occur through the N-terminal domain, which has, thus far, eluded structure determination. Client processing requires phosphorylation of the N-terminal tail at Ser13 by the protein kinase, CK2 (casein kinase 2). How phosphorylation alters the molecular properties of CDC37 is not understood. We show that phosphorylation at Ser13 induces a large shift towards a more compact structure, based on ANS fluorescence, while modestly increasing the secondary structure. Moreover, this …
Growth, Mortality, And Availability Of Eastern Pacific Sailfish, Mark Daniel Fitchett
Growth, Mortality, And Availability Of Eastern Pacific Sailfish, Mark Daniel Fitchett
Open Access Dissertations
The Indo-Pacific sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus, has significant ecological and socioeconomic importance in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO). It is caught as bycatch in tuna commercial fisheries, but targeted in economically important catch-and-release recreational fisheries. The sustainability of this valuable resource had not been successfully assessed due to poor fishery landings and effort data with unreliable demographic estimates for sailfish. The goal of this dissertation was to assess lifetime demographics and stock mortality rates of sailfish and to infer ecosystem dynamics that drive availability of sailfish to recreational fisheries. This dissertation developed a new age and growth model for sailfish …
Role Of Astrocytes In Ischemic Preconditioning-Induced Neuroprotection, Srinivasan Narayanan
Role Of Astrocytes In Ischemic Preconditioning-Induced Neuroprotection, Srinivasan Narayanan
Open Access Dissertations
Cerebral ischemia, most notably in the form of stroke, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality resulting in long-term disability in the United States (U.S.). Investigating therapies that could be preemptively administered to individuals with a risk factor for stroke could improve prognosis following this devastating condition. One such prophylactic therapy could be represented by ischemic preconditioning (IPC). IPC is the intrinsic neuroprotective response from a brief sub-lethal ischemic event which increases the tolerance towards a future lethal ischemic event. However, previous preconditioning studies in the brain have been studied mainly from the perspective of neurons; as a result, …
Rho Gtpases And Neuron Morphology: Bridging The Gap With Fret Imaging, Nima Sharifai
Rho Gtpases And Neuron Morphology: Bridging The Gap With Fret Imaging, Nima Sharifai
Open Access Dissertations
Obtaining high-resolution information from a complex network while maintaining its natural context is a key challenge in biology. This is especially true of molecular networks, largely governed by protein-protein interactions, which underlie life’s dynamic processes. Despite the invaluable information they have provided, genetic interaction screens and biochemical assays lack either evidence of direct protein association or an intact endogenous environment, respectively. As a result, the static interaction maps we currently possess do not reveal when and where interactions take place within a living system, limiting our ability to recreate or control processes at the cellular level. Using optically transparent Drosophila …
The Stress Of Adolescence: The Impact Of Self-Perceived Body Development On Adult Health, Isabelle Christine Beulaygue
The Stress Of Adolescence: The Impact Of Self-Perceived Body Development On Adult Health, Isabelle Christine Beulaygue
Open Access Dissertations
Extant research indicates that early and mid adolescence are times of notable pubertal changes, which are accompanied by rapid physical, cognitive, and social transitions. For young women, these changes are particularly stressful. The female body changes extensively and is subject to societal ideals of beauty, thinness, and objectification. The current dissertation offers a novel bio-psycho-social perspective to the study of adolescent self-perceived development. Utilizing data from Waves, I III, and IV of Add Health, I constructed a composite index of self-perceived body development during adolescence and examined its impact on four health outcomes. After running several regression models, and testing …
Hedgehog Signaling In Cancer, Jun Long
Hedgehog Signaling In Cancer, Jun Long
Open Access Dissertations
Two major biological questions regarding Hedgehog (HH) signaling were investigated in this dissertation. The first important question is the role of lipid modification in HH ligand function, while the second one is epigenetic regulation in HH-driven cancer. In the second chapter, identification of lipid modifications in HH ligands from different contexts and pertinent functional studies were performed to elaborate the role of lipids in regulating the biological properties of HH. This is the first description of heterogeneous fatty acylation in a fully processed form of HH ligand, and shows that such a profile of lipidation is dynamic in different cellular …
Nutrient Dynamics In The Coral-Algal Symbiosis: Developing Insight From Biogeochemical Techniques, Quinn B. Devlin
Nutrient Dynamics In The Coral-Algal Symbiosis: Developing Insight From Biogeochemical Techniques, Quinn B. Devlin
Open Access Dissertations
This work addresses the threats of nitrogen loading to coral reefs and encompasses many unanswered questions on the topic of dissolved inorganic (DIN) utilization by Scleractinian corals and their endosymbiotic algae. Experimental efforts were made to understand the conditions under which NO3- or NH4+ leads to declines in calcification and identify other physiological changes in the coral-algal symbiosis which may accompany such growth declines. The synergistic influences of NH4+ and CO2 were investigated in order to gain insight on the potential influences of elevated DIN on corals in a high CO2 world. The study of NO3- and NH4+ uptake and …
Peptide-Capped Nanoparticles For Catalysis And Assembly, Beverly D. Briggs
Peptide-Capped Nanoparticles For Catalysis And Assembly, Beverly D. Briggs
Open Access Dissertations
Nature possesses methods for the formation and manipulation of inorganic materials with controlled size, shape, and compositions. Biomolecules, such as peptides, are known to be responsible for the generation of such inorganic materials on the nanoscale, where the enhanced properties can be exploited for various applications. Pd nanoparticles, capped with the Pd-specific Pd4 peptide (TSNAVHPTLRHL), were found to be active catalysts for Stille coupling, where the debated mechanism of oxidative addition was explored. Furthermore, the same Pd4-capped nanoparticles were found to be active in Suzuki coupling, another C-C coupling reaction that undergoes catalysis following a similar mechanism. Other considerations with …
Adaptive Dynamic Walking And Motion Optimization For Humanoid Robots, Andreas Seekircher
Adaptive Dynamic Walking And Motion Optimization For Humanoid Robots, Andreas Seekircher
Open Access Dissertations
An essential ability of a robot is to act in its environment by generating motions for locomotion or manipulation. This can be a challenging problem on a robot with high degrees of freedom. Although biped robots have shown drastic improvements with regard to motion skills over the past few years, many approaches for generating motions still require tedious and time-consuming manual calibration due to variances in the hardware or inaccurate sensors and actuators. This research focuses on generating motions for humanoid robots automatically without manual calibration. The first approach discussed uses parameter optimization (e.g. CMA-ES, PSO) to directly optimize the …
Role Of Fanca In Dna Damage Repair, Anaid Benitez
Role Of Fanca In Dna Damage Repair, Anaid Benitez
Open Access Dissertations
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a severe genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, developmental defects, chromosomal instability, and predisposition to cancer. FA cells are hypersensitive to DNA crosslinking compounds including mitomycin C (MMC), cisplatin, and diepoxybutane, which make defective interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair mechanisms a hallmark for the disease. Of the 17 genes associated with FA, mutations in the complementation group A (FANCA) account for ~64% of all patient cases. Studies explored in this dissertation comprise the biochemical details for the functional role of FANCA in DNA ICL repair and the first biochemical evidence for its possible role in double-strand …
Farming In The Commons, Fishing In The Congress, And U.S. Aquaculture In The 21st Century, Aaron Welch
Farming In The Commons, Fishing In The Congress, And U.S. Aquaculture In The 21st Century, Aaron Welch
Open Access Dissertations
Fisheries and aquaculture policy in the United States exhibits a peculiar duality. Commercial fishing is functionally open-access, heavily subsidized, and regulated by a federal bureaucracy staffed in part by fishing industry representatives. Marine aquaculture, in contrast, is effectively forbidden. Today there are no functioning fish farms anywhere in the federal waters of the United States, largely due to a regulatory environment that discourages applications for aquaculture permits. This bifurcated policy does not seem to be dependent on any specific environmental or economic rationale. Instead, this policy appears to be the product of a series of individual assumptions and policy choices …
Targeted Drug Delivery: Dendrimer Technology For The Delivery Of Biologically Active Therapeutics, Keryn Effie Hughes
Targeted Drug Delivery: Dendrimer Technology For The Delivery Of Biologically Active Therapeutics, Keryn Effie Hughes
Open Access Dissertations
This proof of principle study explores dendrimer based technology in designing and implementing tissue-specific targeting dendrimers that can act as carriers of biologically active proteins in the treatment of disease. Here, we show a dendrimer based delivery system is effective in delivering a functionally active protein to a tissue-specific target, in this case skeletal muscle, and show in vivo therapeutic effects in the treatment of Type II Diabetes. Out of the many proteins involved in glycolysis within skeletal muscle cells whose mis-regulation can be observed in the diabetic disease state, we have selected one, PROTEIN A, for use in this …
Scaling Limit Of A Generalized Pólya Urn Model, Zhe Zhang
Scaling Limit Of A Generalized Pólya Urn Model, Zhe Zhang
Open Access Dissertations
We derive a fluid limit for a multi-type urn model, also known as a hydrodynamic limit, in the sense that random trajectories of the microscopic process are shown to follow, as the scaling factor L, proportional with the initial population, approaches infinity, a unique trajectory characterized as the strong global solution of a specific dynamical system (the macroscopic equation). The result is a weak Law of Large Numbers of random variables with values in the Skorokhod space of right continuous with left limits functions with values in R^k , where k is the number of types. We obtain that while …
Does Religion Promote Modesty? Correlational And Experimental Tests, Liana S.E. Hone
Does Religion Promote Modesty? Correlational And Experimental Tests, Liana S.E. Hone
Open Access Dissertations
Based on theorizing that long-term mating strategies are associated with greater religiosity, studies demonstrating that exposure to religious stimuli down-regulates characteristics associated with short-term mating strategies in men, and tentative evidence that women might sometimes pursue short-term mating strategies, I evaluated the effects of religiosity on modesty, a trait associated with women’s mating strategies. I predicted that females’ (but not males’) baseline religiosity would be positively correlated with their modesty, that is, negatively correlated with their skin exposure, on the premise that modesty is a characteristic typically associated with women’s (but not with men’s) short-term mating strategies. I also predicted …
Development Of Immunomodulatory Biomaterials For The Islet Transplant Niche, Ethan Y. Yang
Development Of Immunomodulatory Biomaterials For The Islet Transplant Niche, Ethan Y. Yang
Open Access Dissertations
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a life-long autoimmune disease where immune cells destroy the beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans, eliminating the patient’s ability to secrete insulin in response to glucose. While the implantation of allogeneic islets into T1D patients can restore glucose control, the duration of the islet transplant is compromised by immune attack through both innate and adaptive pathways. Therefore, we sought to engineer biomaterial strategies to lessen immunological attack and improve transplant outcomes. This dissertation presents immunomodulatory biomaterials seeking to modulate the local transplant microenvironment, specifically: 1) the chemoselective tethering of TGF-β1 to PEG brush surfaces …
Design Of Novel Bioluminescent Nucleic Acid Sensing Systems For Clinical Analysis, Eric A. Hunt
Design Of Novel Bioluminescent Nucleic Acid Sensing Systems For Clinical Analysis, Eric A. Hunt
Open Access Dissertations
Nucleic acids can be pointed biomarkers for a variety of diseases, medical disorders, and even injuries. Their importance is ever growing in the modern clinical setting, which is seeing rapid development in technologies, such as high-throughput sequencing of genomic content, utilizing large data sets to make new correlations, ultimately leading to the discovery of more novel biomarker targets. In the wake of these rapidly accumulating discoveries, there is a need for the creation of biosensor technologies capable of distilling the data-heavy discoveries into clinically applicable diagnostic tests. Herein, work pertaining to the development of nucleic acid biosensors, and the continued …
An Analysis Of The Environmental Physical Conditions During Karenia Brevis Blooms On The West Florida Shelf, Grace Marie Maze
An Analysis Of The Environmental Physical Conditions During Karenia Brevis Blooms On The West Florida Shelf, Grace Marie Maze
Open Access Dissertations
The most frequent and intense harmful algal blooms caused by the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis occur on the West Florida Shelf. Causes of these blooms remain poorly known, including environmental conditions during their occurrence. Here the position of the Loop Current, freshwater discharge, and along- and cross-shore wind are analyzed using both real and modeled data. A spectral analysis shows several common spectral peaks at frequencies less than one cycle per 2.5 years, one cycle per year, and one cycle per 6 months with the real data, and one cycle per 2.5 years, one cycle per 9 months and one …
Pegylation And Bioactive Modification Of Pancreatic Islet Surfaces To Enhance Graft Survival In Cell Therapy For Type I Diabetes, Jaime A. Giraldo
Pegylation And Bioactive Modification Of Pancreatic Islet Surfaces To Enhance Graft Survival In Cell Therapy For Type I Diabetes, Jaime A. Giraldo
Open Access Dissertations
Islet transplantation is a promising therapy for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of the insulin producing beta cells pivotal to regulation of blood glucose. Despite vigorous and often injurious systemic immunosuppression, host inflammatory and immune responses lead to islet dysfunction and destruction over time. PEGylation, the grafting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to the periphery of cells or cell clusters, has the potential to mitigate inflammation and immune recognition via generation of a steric barrier. While explored as a plausible immunoprotective barrier in previous studies, this dissertation seeks to fully characterize the impact of …
A Welfare Interdependence Approach To Third-Party Punishment, Eric J. Pedersen
A Welfare Interdependence Approach To Third-Party Punishment, Eric J. Pedersen
Open Access Dissertations
Third-party punishment—the targeted infliction of costs on behalf of another by an unaffected third party—has been demonstrated in several species, including humans. Here I propose that one of the functions of third-party punishment is to deter future harm to victims with whom the punisher’s welfare is interdependent. Additionally, I propose that this function is governed by psychological mechanisms that use internal regulatory variables called welfare trade-off ratios (WTRs) to guide social behavior via their outputs to motivational systems. Specifically, I propose that WTRs are used by the psychological mechanisms that regulate whether witnesses become angry in response to harms imposed …
Novel Mechanism Of Breast Cancer Prevention And Treatment Using Natural Extract Of Pimenta Dioica, Lei Zhang
Novel Mechanism Of Breast Cancer Prevention And Treatment Using Natural Extract Of Pimenta Dioica, Lei Zhang
Open Access Dissertations
Plant-derived dietary compounds have shown potential as chemopreventive and anticancer agents to prolong survival and reduce breast cancer deaths. Lack of specific mechanism of action is the leading concern for adopting these edible compounds as chemopreventive or adjuvant therapeutics against breast and other cancers. The unripe berries of Pimenta Dioica, also called Allspice, are widely used in cuisines worldwide, contain a cornucopia of bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic properties. Limited studies on the potential anticancer compounds present in Allspice prompted us to hypothesize and test potential antiproliferative agents in an aqueous extract of Allspice (AAE). The potential anti-tumor activity of …
Nonlinear Dynamics Of Some Ecological And Epidemiological Models, Jing Chen
Nonlinear Dynamics Of Some Ecological And Epidemiological Models, Jing Chen
Open Access Dissertations
In studying some biological problems, the descriptive features of biological systems are delivered by differential equations which can be studied quantitatively by both analytical and computational methods. The obtained results can be interpreted back to the biological level, then explain some phenomena and also provide some strategies. In this thesis, both of ecological and epidemiological problems have been studied. In the first chapter, I studied the nonlinear dynamics of some ecological models to understand how seasonal harvesting affects ecological systems. I proposed a predator- prey model with a non-monotone functional response and seasonal prey harvesting, which is described by a …
Marijuana Use And Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Throughout Adulthood: An Analysis Of The National Health And Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2005-2010, Denise Christina Vidot
Marijuana Use And Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Throughout Adulthood: An Analysis Of The National Health And Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2005-2010, Denise Christina Vidot
Open Access Dissertations
Background. Rates of marijuana use in the United States are the highest recorded over the past decade. Little is known about its relationship with Metabolic Syndrome. The aim of this study were to: Therefore, the aims of this study were to: AIM 1: Estimate the prevalence of cardiometabolic disease risk factors and metabolic syndrome among a nationally representative sample of marijuana users in early adulthood (20-to-30 years), adulthood (31-to-44 years), and middle-aged adulthood (45-to-59 years) using a nationally representative sample. AIM 2: Describe the relationship between marijuana use and metabolic syndrome at each stage of adulthood using a nationally representative …
Aequorin Mutants With Site-Specifically Incorporated Non-Natural Amino Acids For Biomedical Applications, Kristen Marie Grinstead
Aequorin Mutants With Site-Specifically Incorporated Non-Natural Amino Acids For Biomedical Applications, Kristen Marie Grinstead
Open Access Dissertations
Light emitting molecules are an indispensable part of detection and reporting in many fields and are employed in a variety of biomedical applications. Bioluminescent light, or living light, from bioluminescent proteins in particular has many beneficial characteristics, including their lack of a need for an outside excitation source and detection at as low as subattomole levels. Aequorin is a well-characterized bioluminescent photoprotein that has found application in in vitro and in vivo studies. Despite the many advantages of aequorin, its application has been limited by the finite number of canonical amino acids restricting the engineering of aequorin. In order to …