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Articles 151 - 180 of 2203
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The Kingian Nonviolence Conflict Reconciliation Training Program: Outcomes For High School Students’ Cultural, Social, And Emotional Learning, Khadijah Nelly Cyril
The Kingian Nonviolence Conflict Reconciliation Training Program: Outcomes For High School Students’ Cultural, Social, And Emotional Learning, Khadijah Nelly Cyril
Open Access Dissertations
Violence refers to any act or behavior that causes harm (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2018), and is considered a serious public health issue. Violence puts a burden on individuals, families, and communities, which in turn cause physical and psychological damage. Kingian Nonviolence Conflict Reconciliation Program (Kingian Nonviolence) is an introductory program that serves to address the root causal conditions of violence within oneself and the greater community. Kingian Nonviolence operates on the principle that nonviolence is the only antidote for violence. Core concepts discussed in Kingian Nonviolence include: violence, nonviolence versus non(-hyphen)violence, compassion, values, conflict, conflict resolution, …
Multicultural Research In Forensic Psychology: Where Are We Now?, Rebecca J. Aguiar
Multicultural Research In Forensic Psychology: Where Are We Now?, Rebecca J. Aguiar
Open Access Dissertations
Introduction: Forensic psychology is one of the fastest-growing areas in psychology. Over the past few decades, forensic psychology research has had significant impact on legal outcomes and clinical practice. Further, the population served by forensic psychologists has become increasingly diverse. However, past reviews of forensic psychology research indicates cultural factors are not always prominent variables of interest. Accordingly, this study examined how cultural variables are captured within forensic psychology research, and identified the proportion of articles in major forensic psychology journals focused on multicultural research. This study aimed to extend previous work by examining the incorporation of cultural variables capturing …
Black Parent-Adolescent Conversations About Sex: A Mixed-Methods Study Of Parent Perspectives, Teressa Davis
Black Parent-Adolescent Conversations About Sex: A Mixed-Methods Study Of Parent Perspectives, Teressa Davis
Open Access Dissertations
The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to explore parental attitudes about adolescent sexual behavior among middle-income Black families. This study also examined the interactions between religion, parental attitudes about adolescent sexual behavior, and the frequency/quality of conversations regarding sexual topics. A total of 108 participants completed a survey via Qualtrics that examined these topics. Results found that parents generally have negative attitudes about adolescent sexual behavior. It was also found that parents discussed some topics more frequently than others and the quality of these conversations was neither overly negative nor positive. Results of stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated spirituality …
The Role Of Kindergarten Vocabulary Knowledge And Language Status On Early Reading Comprehension, Jennifer Cruz
The Role Of Kindergarten Vocabulary Knowledge And Language Status On Early Reading Comprehension, Jennifer Cruz
Open Access Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of receptive vocabulary knowledge on first and second grade reading comprehension for 340 Kindergarten Dual Language Learners (DLLs) and monolingual students. An additional purpose of the study was to examine the effect of a Tier 2 vocabulary intervention on students’ reading comprehension abilities. Linear regression analyses found statistically significant interactions between initial vocabulary knowledge and DLL status, as well as initial vocabulary knowledge and intervention treatment condition on first grade reading comprehension. Vocabulary at the end of Kindergarten and the change in vocabulary scores also significantly predicted first grade comprehension. …
Untangling The Complexities Of Patient Navigation Interventions For Engagement In Care Among People Living With Hiv Who Use Drugs Or Alcohol, Sharleen M. Traynor
Untangling The Complexities Of Patient Navigation Interventions For Engagement In Care Among People Living With Hiv Who Use Drugs Or Alcohol, Sharleen M. Traynor
Open Access Dissertations
Engaging and retaining individuals with HIV who also use drugs or alcohol in care is essential to reducing HIV-related morbidity and mortality in the United States. HIV-infected individuals who use substances are less likely to access care, adhere to treatment plans, and achieve viral suppression compared to those who do not report substance use. This leads to uncontrolled infection and contributes to ongoing disease transmission. Multiple factors are associated with poor engagement in HIV care and often include a combination of syndemic psychosocial factors, comorbid conditions, and structural barriers to healthcare utilization. Patient Navigation (PN) is a client-centered intervention designed …
Reimagining Gender Violence: Understanding Community-Based Organizations’ Use Of Restorative And Transformative Justices As Social Change Strategies, Ahjané D. Billingsley
Reimagining Gender Violence: Understanding Community-Based Organizations’ Use Of Restorative And Transformative Justices As Social Change Strategies, Ahjané D. Billingsley
Open Access Dissertations
Currently, the “violence against women” (VAW) frame that informs dominant responses to gender violence has had limited success. This frame often excludes victims who are men, gender diverse, and those of sexual minorities, and the omissions have resulted in collateral harms to victims and communities. Scholars and community psychologists have noted the need for multilevel, ecological, and multidimensional gender violence interventions and preventions. Some community-based organizations are responding to the limitations of the VAW frame by using restorative justice and/or transformative justice/community accountability social change strategies within social settings to understand and address gender violence. This study used interpretive phenomenology …
The Effect Of A High Intensity Interval Exercise Bout On Addictive Behaviors In Overweight/Obese Adults, Sarah Zaldivar
The Effect Of A High Intensity Interval Exercise Bout On Addictive Behaviors In Overweight/Obese Adults, Sarah Zaldivar
Open Access Dissertations
Addictive snacking can contribute to excessive caloric intake having an adverse effect on body weight and the obesity pandemic. Studies have reported that moderate intensity exercise decreases chocolate consumption. However, the effect of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on addictive snacking is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a brief HIIE bout on cravings, affect (affective valence and affective activation), and attentional bias to chocolate. Twelve regular chocolate eaters (10 premenopausal females; 2 males; mean age: 30.5 ± 7.37 years, mean BMI: 28.67 ± 4.5 kg/m2) abstained from chocolate consumption for 24 h prior to evaluation. Participants …
Perceptual Experience And Understanding Language, Seong Oh
Perceptual Experience And Understanding Language, Seong Oh
Open Access Dissertations
Can we literally see and hear meanings? In my dissertation, I argue first that we have a conscious understanding experience which is (1) non-inferential, (2) cognitively impenetrable, and (2) with a specific sensory modal. Under the characterization of the experience, I conclude that the experience is literally perceptual. Thereafter, I argue that this characterized understanding experience is conceptual by virtue of being a high-level perceptual experience, and then plays the role of epistemic justifier for the belief of what an utterance means just as high-level perceptual experience in general performs as a justifier for perceptual belief.
High Rate Quasi-Steady-State Pattern Visual Evoked Potentials For Brain-Computer Interface, Ibrahim Kaya
High Rate Quasi-Steady-State Pattern Visual Evoked Potentials For Brain-Computer Interface, Ibrahim Kaya
Open Access Dissertations
Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) are electrophysiological signals recorded from occipital areas of the scalp in response to visual stimulation. VEPs are used for clinical monitoring of diseases and Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). Depending on the stimulation rate, there are two types of VEPs, transient (low stimulation rates < 3Hz) and Steady-State (higher stimulation rates >5Hz). However, a novel VEP stimulation paradigm was developed at the University of Miami, Neurosensory Laboratory. This paradigm generates low jittered VEPs similar to Steady-State VEP (SSVEP) and called Quasi-Steady State VEPs (QSS-VEPs). QSS paradigm has proven itself in the fast acquisition of Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABRs) and Pattern Electroretinograms (PERGs). One major advantage …
Food Insecurity: Deconstructing Its Predictors And Relationship To Hiv Medication Adherence, Lacey Critchley
Food Insecurity: Deconstructing Its Predictors And Relationship To Hiv Medication Adherence, Lacey Critchley
Open Access Dissertations
In recent years, increasing attention and research has been placed on how to better engage people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) in the HIV care continuum, as treatment for HIV/AIDS is now extremely effective. However, several marginalized populations continue to be disproportionately affected by the virus, hampering efforts to end the epidemic. Substance users remain one of the most difficult groups to engage and retain in HIV care and often have unsuppressed poorly controlled HIV infection as a result of inadequate antiretroviral (ART) adherence. Research shows substance users are also more likely to have multiple co-occurring social syndemics and engage in …
The Association Of Breastfeeding Practices And Postpartum Depression Risk, Christine Toledo
The Association Of Breastfeeding Practices And Postpartum Depression Risk, Christine Toledo
Open Access Dissertations
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant maternal health problem afflicting nearly 800,000 new mothers in the United States every year. Mothers suffering from PPD endure feelings of sadness, anxiety, extreme fatigue that makes it difficult to care for one’s self or for others, feeling worthless, and even thoughts of harming oneself or child. Mothers who are not treated for PPD may have negative health outcomes, including difficulty bonding with and caring for their children, chronic anxiety, and are at an increased risk for substance abuse. PPD is considered the single greatest risk factor for maternal suicide and infanticide. The important …
The Fake News Phenomenon: Impact Of Heuristic Cues On Perceived Credibility And Sharing On Social Media, Khudejah Iqbal Ali
The Fake News Phenomenon: Impact Of Heuristic Cues On Perceived Credibility And Sharing On Social Media, Khudejah Iqbal Ali
Open Access Dissertations
The growing global health threat of vaccine hesitancy is believed to be fueled by anti-vaccine movements around the world. Overall, the strong presence of anti-vaccination groups on the Internet, particularly social media, are important for bringing attention and attracting people to the cause. Such platforms are an ideal medium for the dissemination of anti-vaccination ideas, which often entail the spread of false or “fake” news and information questioning vaccine efficacy and safety. As this epidemic of online fake news is causing major disruptions in vaccine programs around the world, the current study employed the Heuristic Systematic model (HSM) to elucidate …
Externalizing Problems And Hispanic/Latinx Adolescents: A Bioecological Approach, Evan Thomas Stanforth
Externalizing Problems And Hispanic/Latinx Adolescents: A Bioecological Approach, Evan Thomas Stanforth
Open Access Dissertations
Externalizing problems often develop during adolescence and cause harm to the individuals with these problems and to others in society. Hispanic/Latinx adolescents develop externalizing problems at relatively higher rates and in ways that involve systemic influences. The present study aimed to enhance clarity in this area by examining externalizing problems as a dimension of psychopathology and applying constructs of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory (2005). This was attempted by examining: a) externalizing problems as a continuous spectrum, b1) relations the problems have with proximal processes of adolescent-caregiver relations, b2) and exploring differences across contexts specified as three immigration-based groups (1st generation immigrant, …
Role Of The Conserved Ndr/Lats Kinase Orb6 In Controlling Cell Growth And Stress Adaptation, Chuan Chen
Role Of The Conserved Ndr/Lats Kinase Orb6 In Controlling Cell Growth And Stress Adaptation, Chuan Chen
Open Access Dissertations
Adaptation to the nutritional environment is critical for all cells. RAS GTPase is a highly conserved GTP binding protein with crucial functions for cell growth and differentiation in response to environmental conditions. Inappropriate activation of human RAS GTPase has a causal role in cancer, congenital malformations, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Our lab previously found that the conserved NDR kinase Orb6 regulates the mRNA and protein levels of Ras1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Efc25, by controlling the coalescence of the mRNA-binding protein Sts5 into ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules. However, it is still unclear whether the Orb6-Sts5 axis regulates RAS GTPase activity in …
Social Determinants Of Hiv Treatment Engagement Among Postpartum Black Women Living With Hiv (Wlwh), Emmanuela Nneamaka Ojukwu
Social Determinants Of Hiv Treatment Engagement Among Postpartum Black Women Living With Hiv (Wlwh), Emmanuela Nneamaka Ojukwu
Open Access Dissertations
Engagement in postpartum Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment is critical to decreasing maternal morbidity and mortality, and poor infant health outcomes. HIV-related maternal morbidity is one of the leading causes of death among women of reproductive age, with as many as 8,500 HIV-infected women giving birth annually in the US. The risk of HIV-related maternal morbidity is greater for Black women who are disproportionately affected by the disease with an infection rate of 59% compared to 20% for Whites, and 21% for other minorities. Black women also have the highest rates of unintended pregnancies, HIV-related mortality, and being lost to …
Characterization And Optogenetic Manipulation Of The Affective Itch Circuit In Mouse Models Of Itch, Kristen Marie Sanders
Characterization And Optogenetic Manipulation Of The Affective Itch Circuit In Mouse Models Of Itch, Kristen Marie Sanders
Open Access Dissertations
Itch consists of both sensory and affective components. For chronic itch patients, the affective component of itch affects both quality of life (leading to psychological comorbidities) and disease prognosis (by promoting scratching of itchy skin). We found that acute and chronic itch stimuli induced anxiety-like behavior and increased activity (c-Fos expression) in the amygdala in adult male C57BL/6 mice. Itch stimuli also increased activity in projection areas to the amygdala, suggesting that these regions form a circuit for affective itch processing. Selective optogenetic activation of histamine-responsive amygdala neurons in adult male and female Fos:CreERT2;R26Ai14 mice using the …
African American Women's Experiences Of Race-Based Traumatic Stress, Amina Y. Simmons
African American Women's Experiences Of Race-Based Traumatic Stress, Amina Y. Simmons
Open Access Dissertations
Assessments of racism are linked to increased risk of anxiety (Soto, Dawson- Andoh, & BeLue, 2011), depression (Lee & Turney, 2012), and increased symptoms of PTSD (Polanco-Roman, Danies, & Anglin, 2016), leading scholars to infer racism may be a type of traumatic stress (Carter, 2007; Helms, Nicolas, & Green, 2010). African American men and women report similar frequency and levels of racism-related stress (Jackson, Shestov, & Saadatmand, 2017; Kwate & Goodman, 2015) however, the impacts appear significant for Black women (Chyu and Upchurch, 2011; Jackson, Shestov, & Saadatmand, 2017). This exploratory study sought greater understanding of Black women’s experiences with …
Impacts Of Demographics, Symptom Presentation, And Clinical Factors On Tf-Cbt Service Utilization, Lucia M. Walsh
Impacts Of Demographics, Symptom Presentation, And Clinical Factors On Tf-Cbt Service Utilization, Lucia M. Walsh
Open Access Dissertations
Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a common trauma, but up to half of youth who demonstrate associated symptoms do not obtain treatment in a timely manner. Demographic variables have been examined to better understand service utilization patterns in CSA youth, but more complex factors (e.g., symptom profiles) remain relatively ignored. This study sought to understand the relationship between symptoms, commonly examined demographics, and service utilization in a large sample of CSA youth. Youth were ethnically and linguistically diverse, predominantly low-income, and referred for evaluation and treatment at a Child Advocacy Center. Latent profile analysis was used to create profiles of …
A Pilot Randomized Trial Of A Medication Possession Intervention To Improve Medication Adherence And Health Outcomes Of Patients With Heart Failure After Hospital Discharge, Lila De Tantillo
Open Access Dissertations
Heart failure is a chronic disease that increases mortality, reduces quality of life, and increases health care system costs. About 6.5 million people in the United States and 26 million worldwide have heart failure. Patients with heart failure often take multiple prescription medications. Medication adherence is crucial to improving health outcomes, but patients face multiple barriers to medication adherence. The World Health Organization (2003) describes these barriers as patient factors, therapy-related factors, condition-related factors, social/economic factors, and health care/system factors, and recommends medication adherence interventions address multiple barriers simultaneously. To date, there are no studies of medication possession interventions for …
Examining The Validity Evidence For The Family Provider/Teacher Relationship Quality-Family Report (Fptrq-F) With Ethnically Diverse Toddlers In Early Head Start, Johayra Bouza
Open Access Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine the validity evidence of the Family Provider/Teacher Relationship Quality- Family Report (FPTRQ-F) with ethnically diverse toddlers enrolled in Early Head Start programs. There were three aims: (1) to examine the underlying factor structure of the FPTRQ-F, (2) to examine concurrent validity through associations with another teacher-family relationship quality measure, and (3) to examine concurrent associations between teacher-family relationship quality and toddler’s developmental skills, assessed in language and social-emotional domains. Confirmatory factor analyses suggested inadequate fit of our data to the published structure for the three FPTRQ-F domains. Results from exploratory factor analyses …
The Moderating Role Of Race/Ethnicity And Cultural Factors On The Relationship Between Internalized Stigma, Discrimination And Help-Seeking Attitudes, Ana Martinez De Andino
The Moderating Role Of Race/Ethnicity And Cultural Factors On The Relationship Between Internalized Stigma, Discrimination And Help-Seeking Attitudes, Ana Martinez De Andino
Open Access Dissertations
Research indicates grave underutilization of mental health services among racial/ethnic minorities (REM) as compared to their Caucasian counterparts (SAMHSA, 2012; U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 2001). The current study is aimed at examining reasons that might explain why REMs are less likely to seek mental health services when in need. Some research indicates that internalized mental health stigma and greater experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination may decrease the likelihood that REMs seek professional psychological help. However, little attention has been paid to the study of help-seeking in multicultural individuals, or those who, from birth, belong to more than one …
Expanding Perceptions Of Identity In The U.S.: The Chinese Jamaican Immigrant Experience, Kimberly S. Ho Misiaszek
Expanding Perceptions Of Identity In The U.S.: The Chinese Jamaican Immigrant Experience, Kimberly S. Ho Misiaszek
Open Access Dissertations
This qualitative study aimed to understand the experience of Chinese Jamaican immigrants in the U.S. and how they construct their identity. Participants were 15 immigrants who self-identified as Chinese Jamaican or other variations of the term (e.g. Jamaican Chinese, Jamaican with Chinese heritage) who participated in qualitative interviews with this researcher. A grounded theory approach was used to conduct an inductive analysis of the interview data. Results revealed five themes: (1) Flourishing, but pushed and pulled to leave for various reasons, (2) Feeling safer and better off, but missing home, (3) Key community values influence us and our views on …
Chronic Condition Patterns In The Us Population And Their Associations With Health Outcomes, Dandan Diane Zheng
Chronic Condition Patterns In The Us Population And Their Associations With Health Outcomes, Dandan Diane Zheng
Open Access Dissertations
Advances in modern medicine have substantially increased life expectancy and improved the outcomes of previously fatal diseases. As a result, more and more people are living into old age and developing chronic conditions. Persons with multiple chronic conditions are more likely to be hospitalized, have poor daily functioning, and elevated risk of death. A disproportionate share of health expenditures is incurred by individuals with multiple chronic conditions. Visual impairment (VI) is among the most disabling conditions. VI and visual disorders often co-occur with other disabling chronic conditions. The health effects of living with multiple chronic conditions in the presence of …
Defying The Stereotypes - Factors That Influence The Persistence Of Black Males In The Community College, Carol Anne Clinton
Defying The Stereotypes - Factors That Influence The Persistence Of Black Males In The Community College, Carol Anne Clinton
Open Access Dissertations
Research on the success of Black male students in higher education at four-year institutions came to the forefront in the 1990s, but largely ignored Black males attending community colleges. In spite of their high rate of attendance at these two-year institutions, Black males were not persisting in numbers commensurate with their enrollment. Black males attending community colleges are often less academically, socially, and culturally prepared than their counterparts at four-year institutions. Yet, some do persist in spite of the barriers. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the factors that influence the persistence of this population. The setting …
Observing Self-Regulation In Context In Head Start Classrooms And Dual Language Learners’ School Readiness, Elizabeth M. Frechette
Observing Self-Regulation In Context In Head Start Classrooms And Dual Language Learners’ School Readiness, Elizabeth M. Frechette
Open Access Dissertations
The purpose of this study is to examine the association between the self-regulation skills, classroom context, and academic achievement in a sample of Spanish-English speaking Dual Language Learners (DLLs) from low-income homes. Considering the national focus on improving early education for DLL children enrolled in early childhood programs, it is important to examine the measurement of developmental skills, like self-regulation, that contribute to later success. The current study (1) examined the association between a direct assessment and an ecobehavioral observation of self-regulation skills, (2) examined which contexts of the preschool classroom were associated with children's use of self-regulated behaviors, and …
Sociocultural Variables That Predict Attrition From A Culturally Informed Group Therapy For Patients With Schizophrenia And Their Family Members, Jessica Maura
Open Access Dissertations
Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders appear to be at high risk for dropout from treatment. Despite these findings, few studies have examined the potential impact that sociocultural variables may play in treatment dropout within this vulnerable population. Moreover, very little work has examined the function of these variables in group therapy (an approach that has increased in popularity and may be less susceptible to attrition) and even less work has examined how these variables function among racial/ethnic minorities, who appear to be at higher risk for treatment dropout than Whites. The current study aimed to expand upon the literature by …
A Case Study: Programs For Black Males At Predominantly White Institutions, Liana C. Mentor
A Case Study: Programs For Black Males At Predominantly White Institutions, Liana C. Mentor
Open Access Dissertations
Despite prevailing evidence of black males under performing in comparison to their peers, there are programs that illuminate potential pathways PWIs have utilized to support success of Black males on college campuses. A multiple-case study approach was utilized to describe and examine three existing programs for Black males at PWIs that are designed to support their undergraduate academic and social experiences. This study describes how best practices and curricula of programs for black males at PWIs play an instrumental role in developing interpersonal relationships which may benefit the academic achievement and overall well-being of black males in addition to enhancing …
Diffusion Of Innovations Over Large Social Networks, Xu Dong
Diffusion Of Innovations Over Large Social Networks, Xu Dong
Open Access Dissertations
Studying the dynamics of information flow over social networks is important in understanding the rate and extent of the diffusion of innovations, the propagation of news and fake news, the proliferation of rumors, and the spread of infectious diseases. The learnings from such an endeavor can be used for new product sales forecasting, forecasting sales of an existing product in a new market, and controlling the rate and extent of information and disease propagation. This research focuses on the diffusion of innovations and first establishes how the structural properties of a large social network such as its size, connectivity, clustering, …
Provider Autonomy Support Across Adolescence: Impacts On Health Outcomes Among Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes, Christina J. Nicolais
Provider Autonomy Support Across Adolescence: Impacts On Health Outcomes Among Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes, Christina J. Nicolais
Open Access Dissertations
More than 200,000 youth in the United States have type 1 diabetes (T1D; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017), with approximately 17,900 newly diagnosed cases between 2011 and 2012. Treatments are complex, including multiple daily insulin injections or insulin pump use, monitoring of blood glucose levels and carbohydrate intake, and exercise (Wysocki, Buckloh, & Pierce, 2017). Only 21% of adolescents in the United States meet American Diabetes Association recommended goals for glycemic control (Wood et al., 2013). Multiple factors influence adherence in adolescence and subsequent health outcomes, including normative developmental tasks, parental involvement, and transition readiness. Research suggests that …
Examining The Role Of Varying Levels Of Classroom Quality For Toddlers In Early Head Start And Subsidized Child Care Programs: Understanding Threshold Effects, Krystal Bichay Awadalla
Examining The Role Of Varying Levels Of Classroom Quality For Toddlers In Early Head Start And Subsidized Child Care Programs: Understanding Threshold Effects, Krystal Bichay Awadalla
Open Access Dissertations
The Toddler Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS-T) is one of the most commonly used measures to assess the quality of teacher-child interactions in toddler classrooms. Cut-points on the CLASS-T scores are being used to determine Quality Rating and Improvement Systems (QRIS) ratings of programs as high or low quality, and therefore have policy implications for program funding and for parent consumers. Despite widespread use of the CLASS-T for these purposes, few studies have examined the construct validity of the CLASS-T for use in Early Head Start (EHS) and subsidized child care programs serving low-income, ethnically and linguistically diverse children and …