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Health Disparities Among Sickle Cell Disease Patients: A Grounded Theory Model, Raha Forooz Sabet
Health Disparities Among Sickle Cell Disease Patients: A Grounded Theory Model, Raha Forooz Sabet
Open Access Dissertations
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most commonly diagnosed genetic blood disorder in the United States. Although SCD can occur in other ethnic groups, in the U.S. it primarily affects individuals who are Black, and, as such, has come to be conceptualized as a “racialized” disease. This inherited disease causes chronic and acute pain episodes, resulting in frequent hospitalizations. Alarmingly, SCD patients are at disproportionate risk for early mortality during the transition period between pediatric and adult care. Hypotheses exist to explain this occurrence, but the contextual and individual-level factors underlying it are not well understood. Therefore, in this grounded …
Teachers’ Experiences In Serving Late-Entering Central American Refugees With Limited Or Interrupted Formal Education, Kristin W. Kibler
Teachers’ Experiences In Serving Late-Entering Central American Refugees With Limited Or Interrupted Formal Education, Kristin W. Kibler
Open Access Dissertations
The overarching purpose of this study was to fill a gap in the academic literature not only by shedding light on the experiences and perceptions of teachers of late-entering Central American students with limited or interrupted formal education (SLIFE), all of whom teach in segregated, high-poverty, under-resourced, urban high schools, but in looking at what works in those challenging contexts. Therefore, the research questions asked what the teachers’ experiences have been in serving the focal students, what challenges the teachers have faced and how they have addressed them, how they effectively leveraged the focal students’ strengths and languaging practices in …
Social Avoidance Behavior Modulates Automatic Action Tendencies And Neural Activation To Social Conflict, Travis C. Evans
Social Avoidance Behavior Modulates Automatic Action Tendencies And Neural Activation To Social Conflict, Travis C. Evans
Open Access Dissertations
Previous research suggests that social avoidance behavior (SAB) serves as a transdiagnostic mechanism that underlies numerous phenotypes of psychopathology. Dual-process models propose automatic action tendencies and regulatory processes to approach or avoid affective facial expressions contribute in parallel to SAB. However, no research to date has examined the relationship between SAB and automatic action tendencies to affective facial expressions. Additionally, past research has exclusively used stereotypic facial expressions communicating intense social reward (100%Happy) or social threat (100%Angry), which are not ecologically valid or sensitive to individual differences. Instead, social communication is characterized by ambiguous facial expressions that communicate varying degrees …
Toward A Theory Of Ethical Mindedness: Moral Psychology And The Evolution Of Human Nature, Jordan B. Ainsley
Toward A Theory Of Ethical Mindedness: Moral Psychology And The Evolution Of Human Nature, Jordan B. Ainsley
Open Access Dissertations
The current dissertation is an examination of research and theoretical frameworks for explaining ethical mindedness, or the human propensity to be concerned with morality and ethics. Despite a pervasive belief that morality is central to what it means to be human, the idea of ethical mindedness as a basic feature of human nature is often assumed but not fully explained by the extant research and theory. Given evidence that such a shared quality exists, it is concerning that we appear to lack of a cogent, systematic explanation for a basic feature of human nature. The research questions guiding this dissertation …
“Estamos Buscando Acorns!”: Examining Dual Language Learning Head Start Children’S Conceptual Science Knowledge Across Languages, Brooke Rumper
“Estamos Buscando Acorns!”: Examining Dual Language Learning Head Start Children’S Conceptual Science Knowledge Across Languages, Brooke Rumper
Open Access Dissertations
Children from low-income homes are at risk for an academic achievement gap that spans the domains of language, math, and science. Latino Dual Language Learning (DLL) children are disproportionately more likely to come from low-income homes than their peers, making them more likely to face additional risks to their academic achievement. Science has recently been recognized on a national level as an area of importance for early childhood education. Science is a key content area for DLL children because it provides opportunities to learn vocabulary through hands-on activities, develop social-emotional skills, engage in critical-thinking, and problem-solving. High quality early science …
The Effects Of Cognitively Guided Instruction (Cgi) On The Use Of Representational Modeling By First And Second Grade English Language Learners (Ells) During Individualized Assessments Of Arithmetic Word Problem Solving., Edwing A. Medina
Open Access Dissertations
Cognitively Guided Instruction (CGI) is a professional development framework that informs participating teachers regarding research-based knowledge of elementary arithmetic-problem types and children’s developmental strategies for solving them. A classroom taught led by CGI participants includes one where heterogeneous learners (including English Language Learners, ELLs) are using and discussing representational systems and modeling tools (such as base-10 blocks, snap cubes, fingers, and verbal narratives) as part of the collaborative whole-class and small group problem solving process. This exploratory study investigated the effects of classroom instruction by CGI teachers on ELLs’ use of representational systems as they independently solved arithmetic word problems. …
Effects Of Outcomes-Based Funding On Hispanic Student Retention And Graduation Rates At Two-Year Community Colleges, Sean Mcclain
Effects Of Outcomes-Based Funding On Hispanic Student Retention And Graduation Rates At Two-Year Community Colleges, Sean Mcclain
Open Access Dissertations
Higher education funding formulas have been implemented by state legislation since the 1800s to align state and institutional goals. Outcomes-based funding, or “performance-based funding 2.0,” emphasizes student performance measures such as retention and graduation rates, and is rapidly becoming the nation’s most popular funding policy as the calls for accountability increase. In this shift to outcomes-based funding, Hispanic students may be marginalized because of their tendency to have less college preparation, to enroll in two-year colleges, and to attend classes part-time. This study explored the effects of outcomes-based funding on Hispanic students from 2011 to 2015 across 50 states, with …
An Econometric Analysis Of The Regional Resilience Of The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia’S Economy To Oil Shocks, Khaled Nasser S Alqahtani
An Econometric Analysis Of The Regional Resilience Of The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia’S Economy To Oil Shocks, Khaled Nasser S Alqahtani
Open Access Dissertations
Oil is the primary source of income for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA); fluctuations in prices have a direct impact on KSA’s economy. Large fluctuations, usually sudden dips in oil price such as those seen in 2015 when oil prices dropped to below $40 per barrel, are leading to large deficits in KSA’s economy (on the order of $103.626 billion in 2015). These fluctuations and resulting deficits result in social and economic uncertainty and unrest. KSA is, therefore, attempting to make systematic investments in infrastructure and technology to make its economy less susceptible to fluctuations in oil prices. The …
Effects Of Institutional Factors On College Students’ Self- Disclosure Of Disability Status And Their Utilization Of Disability Services, Justine Green
Open Access Dissertations
In the past few decades, higher education institutions have seen a large increase in enrollments of students with disabilities. Even with federal legislation such as Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) protecting the rights of students with disabilities, they are less likely to persist and complete a degree and less likely to become employed than their nondisabled peers. While the number of college students reporting some form of disabilities continues to rise, research suggests that a large percentage of college students do not self-disclose their disability status to their institution. Therefore, students who …
Offensive Uses Of Language: Slurring And Synecdochical Utterances, Amanda Mcmullen
Offensive Uses Of Language: Slurring And Synecdochical Utterances, Amanda Mcmullen
Open Access Dissertations
Be advised that some offensive language is mentioned in the following abstract. ‘That woman’s a dyke’. ‘She’s a piece of ass’. The former utterance is an example of a slurring utterance, and the latter is an instance of an utterance that I call a Synecdochical Utterance Targeting Women (SUTW). A synecdochical utterance targeting women is one in which an anatomical part term is predicated of a woman. What these utterances have in common is that, in many contexts in which either is uttered, the speaker does something at least alienating, if not disrespectful or worse. I argue, in this dissertation, …
Genetic Risk For Childhood Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Breanne A. Danzi
Genetic Risk For Childhood Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Breanne A. Danzi
Open Access Dissertations
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly prevalent in children exposed to disasters. Yet, there are several widely discrepant diagnostic models of PTSD (DSM-IV, DSM-5, DSM-5 Preschool, and ICD-11); evidence suggests that these models may diagnose different groups of children (Danzi & La Greca, 2016, 2017; La Greca, Danzi, & Chan, 2017). Genetic biomarkers have been identified as a promising diagnostic tool for identifying risk for PTSD (National Research Action Plan, 2013). A large number of studies have investigated candidate genes in adult samples, but this research has not been extended to children. This project investigated genetic risk for PTSD in …
Mechanisms And Health Impact Of Insomnia As An Hiv Comorbidity, Brooke Genkin Rogers
Mechanisms And Health Impact Of Insomnia As An Hiv Comorbidity, Brooke Genkin Rogers
Open Access Dissertations
Insomnia is a highly prevalent and interfering comorbidity to HIV infection, yet relatively understudied compared to other mental and behavioral health comorbidities. Nearly 80% of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) experience significant sleep difficulties characteristic of insomnia. This represents nearly 1 million of Americans with HIV/AIDS. Efforts have been made to identify factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of insomnia in PLWHA. However, no one pathway has been identified that could explain the overabundance of sleep problems in this population. Most limiting is that extant studies have studied sleep problems, but not clinical insomnia; and, often, those data …
An Analysis Of Change Processes In The Transdiagnostic Treatment Of Emotional Disorders In Adolescents, Jamie Alexa Sherman
An Analysis Of Change Processes In The Transdiagnostic Treatment Of Emotional Disorders In Adolescents, Jamie Alexa Sherman
Open Access Dissertations
Anxiety, depression, and related emotional disorders are prevalent and impairing (Merikangas et al., 2010). They not only have high levels of symptom overlap but also share underlying temperament factors such as high neuroticism (Barlow, Sauer-Zavala, Carl, Bullis, & Ellard, 2014; Tonarely, Sherman, Grossman, Shaw, & Ehrenreich-May, under review) and low extroversion (Barlow et al., 2014; Tonarely, Sherman, & Ehrenreich-May, 2017). The Unified Protocols for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents (UP-C and UP-A, respectively; Ehrenreich-May et al., 2018) and similar core dysfunction-focused transdiagnostic therapy approaches may lead to successful treatment by targeting higher-order factors that cut across …
The Influence Of Intersectionality On Bullying, Teen Dating Violence, And Suicide Risk Among Bisexual Adolescents, Ariel Uniqua Smith
The Influence Of Intersectionality On Bullying, Teen Dating Violence, And Suicide Risk Among Bisexual Adolescents, Ariel Uniqua Smith
Open Access Dissertations
Suicide is a significant health problem for sexual minority youth (SMY) in general, and for bisexual youth, who currently have the highest risk for suicide compared to lesbian/gay and heterosexual adolescents in the U.S. Bisexual youth experience “bisexual-specific” stigma and discrimination due to their sexual orientation, and both stigma and discrimination have been linked to increased suicidality and negative mental health outcomes among bisexual individuals. This cross-sectional, descriptive study is guided by the Intersectional Minority Stress theoretical model and uses a secondary analysis of pooled 2015 and 2017 national YRBSS data to examine three specific aims. All analyses are conducted …
Expand, Connect, Thrive: Increasing Positive Health Behaviors In At-Risk Adolescents, Ruth M. Bernstein
Expand, Connect, Thrive: Increasing Positive Health Behaviors In At-Risk Adolescents, Ruth M. Bernstein
Open Access Dissertations
Purpose/Objective: Behaviors shaped and defined in childhood and adolescence can have long-term implications for morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Effective interventions to increase positive health behaviors (e.g., healthy eating habits, physical activity, stress management), in adolescence are vital. Per the American Dietetic Association (ADA), effective interventions to promote positive health behaviors in adolescents should include nutrition education, regular physical activity, and behavioral counseling (ADA, 2006). Yet, interventions to promote positive health behaviors have been less effective in minority populations. Motivational interviewing (MI) has demonstrated effectiveness at promoting change behaviors in a variety of contexts (e.g., substance abuse, health behaviors, treatment …
A Daily Diary Study Of Lifestyle Behaviors, Psychological Distress, And Well-Being, Austen Rex Anderson
A Daily Diary Study Of Lifestyle Behaviors, Psychological Distress, And Well-Being, Austen Rex Anderson
Open Access Dissertations
Many lifestyle behaviors such as diet, exercise, and sleep are related to physical and mental health. However, very little research has been done on the day-to-day influence of these activities on both psychological distress (PD) and more holistic conceptions of overall well-being. This study seeks to investigate the patterns of common lifestyle behaviors and their relationships with daily PD and well-being. The central research questions are 1) what lifestyle behaviors are associated with PD and well-being, and 2) do the seven lifestyle behaviors predict the three outcome variables at different degrees of strength? Seventy-six adult participants were recruited online and …
Extending Objectification Theory: An Exploratory Model Of Body Appreciation Among Breast Cancer Survivors, Emaan Noor Lehardy
Extending Objectification Theory: An Exploratory Model Of Body Appreciation Among Breast Cancer Survivors, Emaan Noor Lehardy
Open Access Dissertations
The purpose of the present study was to develop and empirically test an exploratory model that examines how objectification theory variables (i.e., internalization of sociocultural attitudes toward appearance, objectified self-surveillance) and positive body image variables (i.e., body acceptance by others, self-compassion) work together to predict body appreciation among breast cancer survivors. Data were gathered from 158 breast cancer survivors (stages I-III) who had completed primary treatment. Participants completed the following standardized measures: Body Acceptance by Others Scale, Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire–Internalization, Objectified Body Consciousness Scale–Self-Surveillance, Self-Compassion Scale–Short Form, and the Body Appreciation Scale. Path analysis was conducted on the …
Psychosocial Reserve Capacity As Moderator Of The Relationship Between Chronic Stress And Cardiovascular Health: Results From The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, Samantha A. Foti
Open Access Dissertations
Chronic stress can result in long-term changes that influence susceptibility to disease, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Perceptions of stressors such as relationship struggles, financial burden, and job strain, differ based on availability of both tangible and intangible resources, such as level of education, emotional support, and health insurance coverage. The availability of these resources, which comprise an individual’s psychosocial reserve capacity, may moderate the relationship between chronic stress burden and cardiovascular health. Since chronic stress has been inconsistently operationalized in literature, the current study examined a latent variable model of chronic stress in relation to components of the metabolic syndrome …
Voices From The Borderlands: The Experiences Of Latina Women Who Have Sex With Women (Wsw), Zamira Castro
Voices From The Borderlands: The Experiences Of Latina Women Who Have Sex With Women (Wsw), Zamira Castro
Open Access Dissertations
This study sought to contribute to psychological understandings of Latina women who have sex with women (WSW) via a qualitative, phenomenological inquiry. Grounded in a feminist, intersectional framework, this study followed Smith and Osborn’s (2015) interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to gain a better understanding of what it means to be a Latina WSW and how this experience is influenced by multiple stressors related to racial, ethnic, and sexual identity. Interviews were conducted with 13 participants and subsequently analyzed using Smith and Osborn’s (2015) guidelines for interpretation, thematic labeling, and narrative synthesis. Emergent themes characterizing participants’ experiences as Latina WSW were …
Parent-Child Separations And The Process Of Reunification In Transnational Hispanic Families: A Collective Case Study, Virginia Alfonso
Parent-Child Separations And The Process Of Reunification In Transnational Hispanic Families: A Collective Case Study, Virginia Alfonso
Open Access Dissertations
This collective case study aimed to gain a better understanding of how families experience prolonged parent-child separations due to migration and the reunification process thereafter. Research thus far shows congruent accounts of child and adolescent distress and ambivalence upon reunification and parental confusion and anger at the difficulties in reconnecting with their child. This study was designed to examine both parent and adolescent experiences with each process, in more depth. Through within and cross-case analysis, I identified factors that make separation and reunification more difficult and that foster family well-being. A total of 3 families (3 mothers, 3 adolescents) participated …
The Role Of Histone Deacetylase 3 (Hdac3) In Alzheimer's Disease (Ad)-Related Pathologies In Vitro And In The Triple Transgenic Ad Mouse Model, Karolina J. Janczura
The Role Of Histone Deacetylase 3 (Hdac3) In Alzheimer's Disease (Ad)-Related Pathologies In Vitro And In The Triple Transgenic Ad Mouse Model, Karolina J. Janczura
Open Access Dissertations
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of age-related dementia. Neuropathological hallmarks of AD include brain deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and accumulation of both hyperphosphorylated and acetylated tau. Here, we demonstrate that HDAC3 is a negative regulator of AD pathophysiology. RGFP-966, a brain-penetrant and selective HDAC3 inhibitor, or HDAC3 knockdown increases BDNF expression, increases histone H3 and H4 acetylation, decreases tau phosphorylation and tau acetylation at disease-associated sites, reduces β-secretase cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and decreases Aβ1-42 accumulation in HEK-293 cells over-expressing APP with the double Swedish mutation (HEK/APPsw). In the triple transgenic AD mouse model …
Leoš Janácek: The Theory Of Speech Melody In His Piano Sonata 1.X.1905 And In The Mists., Mirette Hanna
Leoš Janácek: The Theory Of Speech Melody In His Piano Sonata 1.X.1905 And In The Mists., Mirette Hanna
Open Access Dissertations
Janáček’s fascination with the intonation of speech started at an early age, and it accompanied him throughout his life. The study outlines elements of speech found in Janáček’s two piano works: the piano sonata “1. X. 1905” and the piano cycle “In the Mists” based on comparing and drawing parallels between his speech melody snippets that he collected during his lifetime with a number of motifs and techniques he employed in those studied works. This parallelizing process also relies on Janáček’s written articles, interviews and essays, as well as on research conducted on his operas and vocal works. Their importance …
The Economic Effects Of Daca And State Policy On Undocumented Students And Society, Vanesa Del Socorro Lougheed
The Economic Effects Of Daca And State Policy On Undocumented Students And Society, Vanesa Del Socorro Lougheed
Open Access Dissertations
In 2012, President Obama signed the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program (DACA) into effect, a policy that provided limited protections to approximately 800,000 immigrants brought to live in the United States by their parents at a tender age, but that did not address equitable access to higher education. States have since decided whether DACA recipients could attend public colleges and universities at a reduced, instate tuition cost. Such a practice was controversial as many argued that the cost was not worth the investment. In 2017, President Trump initiated a repeal of DACA, which was put on hold by court …
The After Effects Of Choice: How Choice Influences Consumers' Self-Perceptions And Subsequent Behavior, Carter Morgan
The After Effects Of Choice: How Choice Influences Consumers' Self-Perceptions And Subsequent Behavior, Carter Morgan
Open Access Dissertations
Previous consumer research illuminates the cyclical nature of the self-concept in consumers’ decision-making process. People are motivated to understand and develop an accurate view of themselves, and rely on perceptions of their own choices as important information to do so. In this dissertation, I examine two situations linking choice with the formation of critical self-perceptions. Specifically, I identify two contexts where consumers view choice as indicative of the self-importance of the characteristics and identities they possess. Consequently, these choices serve as drivers of consumers’ subsequent behavior in seemingly unrelated yet important decision contexts. I explore these effects within two avenues …
Deficits In Hindbrain Activity Underlie Sensory-Motor Hyporeactivity In An Autism Spectrum Disorder Zebrafish Model, Robert A. Kozol
Deficits In Hindbrain Activity Underlie Sensory-Motor Hyporeactivity In An Autism Spectrum Disorder Zebrafish Model, Robert A. Kozol
Open Access Dissertations
Sensory deficits have recently been added to the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Research suggests that between 65-90% of individuals with ASD have problems with sensory perception, reactivity, or have sensory fixations. These sensory deficits require animal modeling to determine the neuropathology underlying these sensory-motor behaviors. Zebrafish provide a unique animal model for studying neurodevelopmental disorders like ASD. For instance, zebrafish develop stereotyped embryonic behaviors that can be used to identify early critical periods impacted by neurodevelopmental gene mutations. Zebrafish embryos and larvae are also small, allowing for high-throughput behavioral screens, and optically transparent, providing in vivo visualization …
Winded: Creating A Set Of Parameters To Assess The Effectiveness Of Popular Breathing Exercises In Asthmatic Wind Instrumentalists, Steven Joseph Eckert
Winded: Creating A Set Of Parameters To Assess The Effectiveness Of Popular Breathing Exercises In Asthmatic Wind Instrumentalists, Steven Joseph Eckert
Open Access Dissertations
The aim of this study is to develop an understanding of the effects on the respiratory system caused by breathing exercises popular among musicians and to definitively classify which exercises are helpful or hurtful to the asthmatic wind instrumentalist in order that s/he may cope with the difficulties of performing with the breathing disorder. First the identification of breathing exercises most frequently used by wind instrumentalists was necessary to broaden the definition of breathing pedagogy for musicians from all families of woodwind and brass instruments. This was assessed by way of a voluntary pilot survey in which participants indicated the …
Essays In Behavioral Finance, Sarah Khalaf
Essays In Behavioral Finance, Sarah Khalaf
Open Access Dissertations
My dissertation contains three essays in behavioral finance. The first essay investigates the asset pricing implications of the strategic incentives of analysts. I find that deviations between consensus analyst optimism across forecasts and recommendations for the same firm lead to temporary price movements. For example, among firms with differences between recommendation and forecast optimism, those that are predicted to appeal most (least) to retail investors (i.e. high recommendation optimism) underperform (overperform) annually by a risk-adjusted 1.26% (2.99%). Information habitats created by strategic incentives, generate excess coordinated investor demand, and provide the mechanism for which temporary price movements occur. This habitat-based …
Current Views On Teacher Word Choice In American College Flute Lessons, Hannah Christine Weiss
Current Views On Teacher Word Choice In American College Flute Lessons, Hannah Christine Weiss
Open Access Dissertations
The purpose of this study is to explore the factors that influence a teacher’s word choice in American private college-level flute lessons. Most of the research that has been conducted on music instruction focuses on technical methods for the purpose of enhancing curricula. Some research exists which explores the more psychological side of teaching and learning; however, the research that studies the private music lesson often seeks to understand either the teacher-student relationship through the eyes of students, or to understand music teacher perceptions on the ways in which their teaching informs their performing. While many studies and publications indirectly …
Religion And The Psychology Of Coalitions, Joseph Billingsley
Religion And The Psychology Of Coalitions, Joseph Billingsley
Open Access Dissertations
Recent psychological research supports the existence of a suite of cognitive adaptations that function to detect alliances. This mechanism (1) monitors the social environment for cues that sets of individuals are predisposed to affiliate with one another, (2) categorizes these individuals as members of the same coalition, and (3) uses these categories to guide behavior. Empirical tests of the alliance detection hypothesis support a key claim that racial categorization, long believed to be stable and inflexible, is a by-product of the alliance detection mechanism, such that categorization by race is reduced in the presence of coalitional cues uncorrelated with race. …
Wives Writing Privacy, 1640-1670, Lauren Mamolite
Wives Writing Privacy, 1640-1670, Lauren Mamolite
Open Access Dissertations
Wives Writing Privacy, 1640-1670 investigates how seventeenth-century women writers imagine novel, yet appropriate, forms of publicly constitutive privacy for married women, including retirement, exchanging gifts with female friends, and occupying roles as collaborative producers of culture. Anne Bradstreet, Katherine Philips, and Margaret Cavendish depict women who experiment with forms of privacy different than those considered proper for femes covert or assumed potential wives to adopt. Instead, they use the rhetoric of household labor, chastity, modesty, discipline, and friendship to insist that these innovative forms of wifely privacy legitimize wives’ public authority. Wives’ publicly generative wifely privacy is presented as parallel …