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Cadmium Explains, In Part, The Cardiovascular Toxicity Of Cigarette Smoking, Eric M. Hecht
Cadmium Explains, In Part, The Cardiovascular Toxicity Of Cigarette Smoking, Eric M. Hecht
Open Access Dissertations
Cigarette smoking is a well-known cardiovascular risk factor associated with an estimated 311 premature cardiovascular deaths per 100,000 smokers in the United States each year. The mechanism of arterial damage due to tobacco smoke is not fully elucidated. One plausible theory suggests that toxic exposure to one or more chemical constituents found in tobacco smoke causes persistent inflammatory changes at the level of the endothelial cell, which leads to arterial damage and atherosclerosis. The toxic elements found in tobacco smoke currently thought to be most responsible for cardiovascular toxicity include nicotine, carbon monoxide (CO), oxidant gases, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), …
Spasticity And Pain After Spinal Cord Injury: Relationships To Physiological, Functional, And Quality Of Life Measures, Jacqueline Anne Tibbett
Spasticity And Pain After Spinal Cord Injury: Relationships To Physiological, Functional, And Quality Of Life Measures, Jacqueline Anne Tibbett
Open Access Dissertations
Spasticity and chronic pain are both prevalent consequences of spinal cord injury (SCI), are commonly considered problematic, and are associated with reduced quality of life after SCI. This study investigated factors that contribute to the perceived impact of spasticity on daily life and how pain and spasticity are related. Analysis to characterize the strength of relationships between the impact of spasticity on life and physiological, environmental, and psychosocial factors can aid in identifying factors most strongly related to negative or positive impacts of spasticity. These factors may become candidates for experimental interventions aimed at reducing the problematic impact of spasticity …
Age By Stage Modeling Of Dynamic Heterogeneity, Shayna Bernstein
Age By Stage Modeling Of Dynamic Heterogeneity, Shayna Bernstein
Open Access Dissertations
Mortality modeling has come a long way since the demographer Benjamin Gompertz (1779-1865). We address populations where mortality is structured by the joint effects of age and state and individuals can change state at each age. Dynamic states are the most complex and interesting states to consider and we focus on three categories of states: being married or unmarried, being below or above a particular income threshold, or being in one of four income states. We examine how the transience of our particular states at each age drives the cohort dynamics such as the demographic structure and lifespan inequalities within …
Structural Optimization And Behavioral Analysis Of Antagonists Of The Insect Odorant Receptor Co-Receptor Subunit, Devin Kepchia
Structural Optimization And Behavioral Analysis Of Antagonists Of The Insect Odorant Receptor Co-Receptor Subunit, Devin Kepchia
Open Access Dissertations
Response to volatile environmental chemosensory cues is essential for insect survival. The odorant receptor (OR) family is an important class of receptors that detects volatile molecules. Importantly, olfaction is a key component of the multimodal approach used by mosquitoes to target and feed on humans. Current repellents have drawbacks, necessitating development of more effective agents. Insect ORs are odorant-gated ion channels, consisting of a variable odorant specificity subunit and a conserved odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco) subunit. The Orco subunit possesses an allosteric site to which modulators can bind and inhibit odorant activation of ORs. All insect ORs contain Orco, and …
Role Of C-Kit In Atherosclerosis: A Mechanistic Study, Lei Song
Role Of C-Kit In Atherosclerosis: A Mechanistic Study, Lei Song
Open Access Dissertations
Rationale: c-Kit, as a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), is present in multiple cell types including vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). However, so far, limited progress has been made to understand how c-Kit mediates SMC biology, and whether the presence of this receptor is critical for vascular pathogenesis such as atherosclerosis. Objectives: In this dissertation, I investigated the roles of c-Kit in atherosclerosis and underlying mechanisms. Methods: c-Kit distribution was determined in both murine and human aortae using a combination of KitBac-eGFP reporter mice, immunofluorescence (IF), and Western blot. c-Kit deficiency studies were performed in c-Kit mutant (KitW/W-v) mice on an …
Testing A Eudaimonic Theory Of Goal Hierarchy, Laura Meredith Cohen
Testing A Eudaimonic Theory Of Goal Hierarchy, Laura Meredith Cohen
Open Access Dissertations
This study utilized Eudaimonic Theory (ET), an Aristotelian perspective on humanflourishing (eudaimonia), to explore new eudaimonic goal hierarchy hypotheses. The ET model distinguishes between two types of well-being: Eudaimonic Well-Being (EWB) and Hedonic Well-Being (HWB), and two dimensions of goal pursuit: the Communal Dimension and the Agency Dimension. HWB refers to experiencing high positive affect, low negative affect and high life satisfaction. EWB is assessed through factors such as purpose, personal growth and positive relationships giving. The Communal Dimension refers to a distinction between individual goals, which can only be pursued by one person and shared goals, which are completely …
Treatment And Moderator Effects In A Randomized Controlled Trial Of Culturally Informed And Flexible Family Treatment For Adolescents (Ciffta): An Investigation Of The Relationships Between Stress, Acculturation, And Parenting Practices, Marc Puccinelli
Open Access Dissertations
The present study investigated how acculturation, acculturative stress, and change in acculturative stress impact parenting practices among 141 Hispanic families randomly assigned to either Culturally Informed and Flexible Family Treatment for Adolescents (CIFFTA) or Individual Treatment As Usual (ITAU). Data were obtained from a parent study investigating the efficacy of CIFFTA vs. ITAU in addressing internalizing and externalizing disorders, and preventing future drug use and risky sexual behavior among 200 at-risk adolescents 11-14 years of age. A series of mixed model ANOVAs were conducted to investigate how Hispanic stress and parenting practices change pre to post-treatment (four months post-baseline), and …
Towards A Sociocultural And Contextual Paradigm Of Court-Mandated Client Resistance, Adam D. Rosen
Towards A Sociocultural And Contextual Paradigm Of Court-Mandated Client Resistance, Adam D. Rosen
Open Access Dissertations
This grounded theory analysis explored the perspectives of court-mandated psychological service providers to generate new theoretical explanations regarding the cultural and contextual influences on the resistance this clinical population often demonstrates towards their treatment. The study was conducted across multiple mental health care facilities across South Florida. A total of 9 local clinicians participated in interviews and provided feedback on the iterative analysis employed by the current investigation. The ultimate outcomes of the study entailed the co-construction of three major themes and sixteen categories outlining the most salient issues representing how clinicians understand and address resistance in the local context. …
Peer Victimization And Adolescents' Academic Functioning, Caroline Jane Ehrlich
Peer Victimization And Adolescents' Academic Functioning, Caroline Jane Ehrlich
Open Access Dissertations
Background. Peer victimization (PV) has been linked to poor psychological adjustment in adolescence. Research in younger populations has linked PV to poor academic functioning, but few studies have examined this relationship during the high school years. Low academic functioning (e.g., lower GPA, more school absences, and more disciplinary action brought against the student) has been linked to higher school dropout rates and poorer mental health in adulthood. The current study examined the trajectories of academic achievement across one year of high school for 9th, 10th, and 11th graders, and the extent to which PV was associated with those trajectories. Gender …
Neuroprotective Mechanisms Of Ischemic Tolerance Induced By Resveratrol Preconditioning, Kevin B. Koronowski
Neuroprotective Mechanisms Of Ischemic Tolerance Induced By Resveratrol Preconditioning, Kevin B. Koronowski
Open Access Dissertations
Ischemic stroke is a devastating neurological disorder that currently has no clinically approved neuroprotective treatments. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol that protects against cerebral ischemic injuries when administered in a prophylactic manner. Yet, the molecular underpinnings of resveratrol-induced neuroprotection are still unclear. This is partly because the metabolic adaptations induced by a major target of resveratrol, the NAD+-dependent deacetylase Sirt1, have not been characterized in the brain. The goal of this study was to better understand the efficacy of resveratrol as a therapeutic agent in ischemic stroke and the metabolic pathways regulated by brain Sirt1 that promote ischemic tolerance. …
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Induces Cardiac Hypertrophy, Karla Schramm
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Induces Cardiac Hypertrophy, Karla Schramm
Open Access Dissertations
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a diabetes-associated cardiovascular disease (CVD), which causes heart dysfunction. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a key feature of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Molecular mechanisms underlying this condition are largely unknown. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21, an adipokine that regulates metabolism, has been found to be elevated in the circulation of type 2 diabetic patients. This thesis evaluates the long-term effects of increased serum FGF21 levels on the heart. It reveals that FGF21 induces hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes via FGF receptor (FGFR) 4-dependent activation of the pathological and pro-hypertrophic PLCγ/calcineurin/NFAT pathway, but independently of β-klotho, the canonical co-receptor for FGF21 …
Toward A Law Of The Underground: Assessing The Physical And Perceptual Risks Of Geologic Carbon Capture And Storage, Caitlin Marina Augustin
Toward A Law Of The Underground: Assessing The Physical And Perceptual Risks Of Geologic Carbon Capture And Storage, Caitlin Marina Augustin
Open Access Dissertations
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies have both potential economic benefits and potential climate change mitigation impacts. However, CCS is not without physical and perceptual risks. In this dissertation, I followed two parallel research tracks regarding potential leakage of carbon dioxide out of CCS storage reservoirs. I completed three technical projects using data from the global-to-local level. First, I used Bayesian modeling to understand the potential for a surface release of carbon dioxide. These models allowed me to conclude that discrete, large-volume events are unlikely but not impossible events and draw similar risk conclusions as research from other disciplines. Second, …
Development And Validation Of Real-Time Methods For Estimating Temporal-Spatial Parameters And Knee Joint Angles During Gait Using Inertial Measurement Units, Eric Klaus Allseits
Development And Validation Of Real-Time Methods For Estimating Temporal-Spatial Parameters And Knee Joint Angles During Gait Using Inertial Measurement Units, Eric Klaus Allseits
Open Access Dissertations
Clinically oriented Inertial Measurement Unit sensor systems consisting of several sensors tethered to a mobile device are emerging as a powerful tool for continuous monitoring of gait in the community setting. Inertial Measurement Units provide indirect information regarding movement of the lower limbs and require gait parameter estimation algorithms to transform their raw kinematic output into physiologically meaning gait parameters. Mobile IMU applications operate under battery life, sensor number, and bandwidth limitations that constrain the information available to use as inputs. This research investigated whether there is sufficient information in lower limb angular velocity signals acquired at low sampling rates …
Remote Sensing Of Open Water Fraction And Melt Ponds In The Beaufort Sea Using Machine Learning Algorithms, Macarena D. Ortiz
Remote Sensing Of Open Water Fraction And Melt Ponds In The Beaufort Sea Using Machine Learning Algorithms, Macarena D. Ortiz
Open Access Dissertations
Classification of open water fraction (OWF) from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images in the marginal ice zone can be significantly difficult during the summer months, where melt-onset can alter the backscatter and melt ponds contaminate OWF estimates. In this dissertation, we explore five different machine learning algorithms including Neural Networks, Linear Support Vector Machines, Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor and Discriminant Analysis to quantify OWF using TerraSAR-X Stripmap images during the boreal summer of 2014. To validate our methods, we use nearly-coincident high resolution panchromatic optical images. We find that overall, the classification algorithms attained comparable accuracies, however the Naïve Bayes …
Towards Bio-Inspired Cementitious Materials: The Effect Of Organic Polymeric Materials On The Nanostructure And Nanomechanical Properties Of Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate, Mahsa Kamali
Open Access Dissertations
This study aims to obtain a fundamental understanding of the effect of polymeric materials with distinct functional groups on the nanostructure and nanomechanical response of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H). Nature has created biological materials with hierarchical microstructure and superior mechanical and functional properties. This is achieved in nature through certain biopolymers with specific structures and functionalities directing growth, microstructure and macroscopic performance of biological materials. C-S-H comprises the primary component of the cement hydration product and plays a fundamental role in determining the mechanical and long-term characteristics of cement-based materials. The different size and molecular structure of polymers, and the complex structure …
Bromodomain And Extraterminal Domain-Containing Protein Inhibition Decreases Inflammation After Spinal Cord Injury, Michelle Diane Rudman
Bromodomain And Extraterminal Domain-Containing Protein Inhibition Decreases Inflammation After Spinal Cord Injury, Michelle Diane Rudman
Open Access Dissertations
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition resulting in loss of function below the level of injury. Inflammation after SCI promotes cell death, increases injury size, and decreases functional recovery. The inflammatory response is coordinated by many different signaling modalities including the epigenetic modification of promoters and enhancers. Bromodomain and extraterminal domain-containing proteins (BETs) are epigenetic readers that bind acetylated lysines in promoters and enhancers to promote pro-inflammatory transcription. BET inhibition suppresses inflammation in multiple animal models, including rheumatoid arthritis and sepsis. However, the role of BETs in neuroinflammation is not well understood. Using quantitative PCR, I demonstrated BET …
Quicksilver Politics: Mercury Narratives And Environmental Governance, Andrew Pearce Carter
Quicksilver Politics: Mercury Narratives And Environmental Governance, Andrew Pearce Carter
Open Access Dissertations
Environmental mercury poses a potentially serious health threat to human populations, particularly through bioaccumulation and biomagnification processes which can concentrate ambient mercury to dangerous levels in fish, a food source for a significant percentage of the earth’s population. Emitted from both natural and anthropogenic sources, mass industrialization over the past few decades has significantly increased the amount of mercury in the environment, increasing health risks for humans and other organisms. A pollutant of both local and global concern, regulating environmental mercury risk has proven exceedingly difficult due to scientific uncertainty and numerous cultural, psychological, economic, and political factors. This dissertation …
Enhancement Of Nutrient Transport And Energy Production Of The Intervertebral Disc By The Implantation Of Polyurethane Mass Transfer Device, Yu-Fu Wang
Open Access Dissertations
Low back pain is a common problem that most people experience at some point in their life. Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration has been considered closely associated with low back pain. Since the IVD is the largest avascular tissue in the human body, insufficient nutrient supply has been suggested to be one of the etiologies for IVD degeneration. Therefore, enhancing the nutrient transport into the IVD could be a potential treatment strategy for disc degeneration. Mass transfer devices have been used for the purpose of drug delivery and hemodialysis, and similar concept could be applied to the IVD. A porous material …
Sedimentary Record Of Holocene And Pleistocene Sea-Level Oscillations In The Exuma Cays And New Providence, Bahamas, Kelly London Jackson
Sedimentary Record Of Holocene And Pleistocene Sea-Level Oscillations In The Exuma Cays And New Providence, Bahamas, Kelly London Jackson
Open Access Dissertations
The Holocene and Pleistocene sedimentary strata in the Exuma Cays and New Providence Island, Bahamas, record sea-level oscillations during orbitally-driven sea-level highstands. Together, the orbital and sub-orbital sea-level changes primarily control shallow-water carbonate deposition, island accretion and preservation, resulting in extreme lateral and vertical heterogeneity of depositional facies. Field mapping and coring in the Exuma Cays document that exposed strata display a complicated array of stacked and laterally accreting marine and eolian deposits. Stratigraphic relationships, corroborated with age dating, are used to identify stratigraphic units and environments of deposition. Lateral accretion is a common motive in this shallow-water environment but …
The Neuroprotective Compound P7c3-A20 Promotes Neurogenesis And Improves Functional Outcomes After Focal Cerebral Ischemia, Zachary Balmuth-Loris
The Neuroprotective Compound P7c3-A20 Promotes Neurogenesis And Improves Functional Outcomes After Focal Cerebral Ischemia, Zachary Balmuth-Loris
Open Access Dissertations
Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of adult long-term disability in the United States. Despite its prevalence, there are few therapeutic interventions available. The neuroprotective compound P7C3-A20 (A20) has been shown to reduce mature neuronal cell death while also increasing the net magnitude of postnatal neurogenesis in models of neurodegeneration and acute brain injury. A20 compounds demonstrate protection by enhancing the flux of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in mammalian cells, a proposed therapeutic approach to treating cerebral ischemia. The studies carried out in this dissertation sought to investigate the effectiveness of A20 …
Stress Appraisal, Coping Behaviors, And Level Of Distress In An Ethnically Diverse Sample Of Mothers With A Child In The Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Mary E. Ernst
Open Access Dissertations
Having a child in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) places parents at risk for Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) symptoms. ASD symptoms, or primary negative responses to a traumatic event, may increase parents’ risk for developing long-term Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) one or more months later. The purpose of this study is to examine the stress appraisal, coping behaviors, and level of distress due to ASD in an ethnically diverse sample of mothers with a child in the PICU, while controlling for socioeconomic factors. A quantitative cross-sectional design, which surveyed mothers with a child age one day to 17 years …
An Integrated Architecture For Distributed Estimation, Navigation And Control Of Aerospace Systems, Thanh Vu
An Integrated Architecture For Distributed Estimation, Navigation And Control Of Aerospace Systems, Thanh Vu
Open Access Dissertations
Distributed autonomous systems have demonstrated many advantageous features over their centralized counterparts. In exchange for their scalability and robustness, there are additional complexities in obtaining a global behavior from local interactions. These complexities stem from a coordination problem while being provided a limited information set. Despite this information constraint, it is still desirable for agents to construct an estimate of the entire system for coordination purposes. This work proposes an architecture for the coordination and control of a multi-agent system while being limited in external communication. This architecture will examine how to internally estimate states, assign goals, and finally execute …
Energy Efficiency Improvement Of Vfd-Motor-Pump/Fan Systems, Koosha Kiamehr
Energy Efficiency Improvement Of Vfd-Motor-Pump/Fan Systems, Koosha Kiamehr
Open Access Dissertations
Pumps and fans, which are driven by electrical motors, are the integral parts of heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and a lot of research have been dedicated to improve the efficiency of them. Recent developments, increased the complexity of these systems, made them hard to study and model. To improve the energy efficiency of the system, variable frequency drives (VFDs) are widely applied on the electric motors of pumps and fans to reduce energy consumption. VFDs have two functions: reducing frequency to reduce the speed and match the reduced load and reducing voltage to reduce motor power. VFDs …
Ecohydrology Of Coastal Wetland In South Florida Under Sea Level Rise: A Combination Of Stable Isotope Analysis, Mathematical Modeling, And Spatial Analysis, Lu Zhai
Open Access Dissertations
In southern Florida, conservation of coastal wetlands is facing two challenges under sea level rise (SLR): (1) How to estimate and predict encroachment of mangroves and other halophyte vegetation into the areas previously covered by freshwater species? (2) How to allocate more freshwater from Lake Okeechobee in middle Florida to the coastal wetlands (e.g., Everglades) to counteract increasing saltwater intrusion? Fundamental to the above challenges is saltwater intrusion associated with SLR, which can increase the soil pore water salinity to levels where freshwater species cannot survive. The overall aim of my dissertation is to access the potential changes in vegetation …
Toward An Understanding Of The Experiences Of Commercially Sexually Exploited Children, Lauren Gutman Suarez
Toward An Understanding Of The Experiences Of Commercially Sexually Exploited Children, Lauren Gutman Suarez
Open Access Dissertations
There is a paucity of systematic research examining the experiences of commercially sexually exploited children (CSEC). Notably absent from the discourse are the voices of survivors themselves, impeding the provision of effective and culturally appropriate services to survivors and the prevention of youth victimization (Godziak, 2008). This dissertation aims to address a dearth in the literature surrounding CSEC using Photovoice, an innovative and arts-based methodology grounded in the principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR) (Wang, 1999). A group of 15 female survivors participated in the study, contributing to the field’s understanding of childhood commercial sexual exploitation. Survivors ranged in age …
The Children Of The Cuban Revolution In The Diaspora: From Internationalism To Transnational And Cosmopolitan Imaginaries, Marelys Valencia
The Children Of The Cuban Revolution In The Diaspora: From Internationalism To Transnational And Cosmopolitan Imaginaries, Marelys Valencia
Open Access Dissertations
My dissertation investigates the intermingling of discourses of migration and aesthetics within global market dynamics in the cultural production of late Cuban émigrés in the U.S. and Europe, to whom I refer as “the children of the revolution” —following Mette Louise Berg. I argue that this understudied migratory generation has replaced the diasporic teleology of return of the exile community with other imaginaries. As such, my dissertation sheds light not only on the varying ways of being Cuban in today’s world, but also on the different routes of the children of the revolution in the diaspora. By engaging in a …
The Application Of Uncertainty Quantification Techniques And Information Theory To Oil Spill And Ocean Forecasting, Shitao Wang
The Application Of Uncertainty Quantification Techniques And Information Theory To Oil Spill And Ocean Forecasting, Shitao Wang
Open Access Dissertations
Quantifying uncertainties in ocean current forecasts is an important component of formulating a response to an oil spill, e.g. to compute the anticipated oil trajectories. Polynomial Chaos (PC) methods have recently been used to quantify uncertainties in the circulation forecast of the Gulf of Mexico caused by uncertain initial conditions and wind forcing data. The input uncertainties consisted of the amplitudes of perturbation modes whose space-time structure was obtained from Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) decompositions. These efforts were the first to rely on a PC approach to efficiently quantify uncertainties in an ocean model, and as such have raised a …
Risk And The Response To Sea Level Rise In South Florida, Galen Treuer
Risk And The Response To Sea Level Rise In South Florida, Galen Treuer
Open Access Dissertations
South Florida’s low elevation, intensive urban development, and delicate ecosystems make it vulnerable to sea level rise. A gap exists between the current policies local governments in South Florida pursue and adaptation that could significantly reduce their exposure to climate change risks. One reason for this gap is that climate adaptation requires a transition away from the status quo, and barriers impede change. This dissertation presents three studies that aim to help communities in the region embrace and address their climate change risks. Chapter 2 reports the findings of an immersive simulation experiment that accelerates South Florida homeowners through thirty-five …
African American Male College Students Navigate To Achieve: The Relationship Among College Adjustment Experiences, Coping, And Gpa For Black Males At Two Predominantly White Institutions, Sabrina Denise Walters
African American Male College Students Navigate To Achieve: The Relationship Among College Adjustment Experiences, Coping, And Gpa For Black Males At Two Predominantly White Institutions, Sabrina Denise Walters
Open Access Dissertations
African American males face daunting obstacles as they pursue higher education as research has shown. This study sought to better understand the impact of specific factors—social support, racial identity, perceived racial discrimination, coping, and religious coping—on the academic achievement of African American male college student achievement. Using secondary data and a Multiple Linear Regression analyses, the project investigated relationships among these influences as a way of uncovering strategies used to mitigate obstacles faced by African American males attending Predominantly White Institutions. The study used an anti-deficit achievement approach to examine how African American male college students at two PWIs negotiate …
The Language Of Bullying And Its Impact On Physical Health, Elena Vladimirovna Chudnovskaya
The Language Of Bullying And Its Impact On Physical Health, Elena Vladimirovna Chudnovskaya
Open Access Dissertations
Bullying is recognized as a destructive phenomenon by most people who encounter this type of behavior. Bullying attracts public attention because of its negative impact on the victims in various settings. Although bullying is widely associated with interpersonal and social issues among children, this problem also occurs in universities and the workplace. Victims of different ages, whether they are schoolchildren, college students, or professionals experience mental and physiological problems, including stress, depression, and anxiety. In some extreme cases, the targets of bullying commit suicide, or vent their stress and frustration through public violence. Therefore, it was important to gain a …