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Experimental Demonstration Of Engineered Dipole-Dipole Interactions In Nanophotonic Environments, Ward D. Newman
Experimental Demonstration Of Engineered Dipole-Dipole Interactions In Nanophotonic Environments, Ward D. Newman
Open Access Dissertations
Zero point fluctuations of the electromagnetic radiation field have profound effects on the electronic states of atoms and molecules. For example, vacuum fluctuations of the photonic radiation field stimulate the spontaneous decay of excited states of atoms (spontaneous emission), shift atomic energy levels (Lamb Shift), and allow nearby atoms and molecules to couple via dipole-dipole interactions (van der Waals interactions, Casimir effect, super radiance, F¨orster resonance energy transfer). The control and modification of vacuum fluctuations has been a long-standing theme in quantum engineering as one can then truly control single photon emission and alter dipole-dipole interactions spatial scaling with distance. …
Active Learning For Designing Detectors For Infrequently Occurring Objects In Wide-Area Satellite Imagery, Tanmay Prakash
Active Learning For Designing Detectors For Infrequently Occurring Objects In Wide-Area Satellite Imagery, Tanmay Prakash
Open Access Dissertations
For designing detectors for infrequently occurring objects in wide-area satellite imagery, we are faced with the challenge that such objects are difficult to find for the purpose of generating the needed training data. As a result, a human agent must expend an inordinate length of time in order to produce a sufficient number of labeled training data. In this dissertation, we reduce this annotation burden by drawing upon the research that has been carried out recently in the area of active learning, whereby the machine searches for human annotation those unlabeled samples that can actually improve the detector. The search …
Laser-Assisted Processing Of Multilayer Films For Inexpensive And Flexible Biomedical Microsystems, Rahim Rahimi
Laser-Assisted Processing Of Multilayer Films For Inexpensive And Flexible Biomedical Microsystems, Rahim Rahimi
Open Access Dissertations
Flexible/stretchable electronics offer ideal properties for emerging health monitoring devices that can seamlessly integrate with the soft, curvilinear, and dynamic surfaces of the human body. The resulting capabilities have allowed novel devices for monitoring physiological parameters, improving surgical procedures, and human-machine interfaces. While the attractiveness of these devices are indubitable, their fabrication by conventional cleanroom techniques makes them expensive and incompatible with rapid large-scale (e.g., roll-to-roll) production. The purpose of this research is to develop inexpensive fabrication technologies using low-cost commercial films such as polyimide, paper, and metalized paper that can be utilized for developing various flexible/stretchable physical and chemical …
Process Intensification Through Spherical Crystallization: Novel Experimental And Modeling Approaches, Ramon Peña
Process Intensification Through Spherical Crystallization: Novel Experimental And Modeling Approaches, Ramon Peña
Open Access Dissertations
Process intensification is defined as the use of innovative techniques and technologies to create sustainable solutions to industrial production difficulties. Continuous spherical crystallization is a process intensification technique that could resolve production issues for pharmaceutical and solids processing industries, consequently, allowing for the integration of upstream and downstream manufacturing units. Spherical crystallization is carried out through emulsion based crystallization and/or agglomeration in suspension of fine crystals to produce aggregates of improved bulk and micromeritic properties. The advantages of spherical crystallization include: (i) replacing downstream particle correction units (i.e., milling, granulation), (ii) providing control of crystalline properties by decoupling crystallization and …
Anisotropic Electron-Electron Interactions In Topological Insulators, Marius A. Radu
Anisotropic Electron-Electron Interactions In Topological Insulators, Marius A. Radu
Open Access Dissertations
HgTe forms a two-dimensional topological insulator when sandwiched between CdTe barriers for a HgTe layer wider than the critical thickness. In this study we derive single-particle interaction Hamiltonians describing the physics of these compounds by using k · p theory and extended Kane model. We include contributions from upper conduction bands with orbital states of p-symmetry that bring about the terms describing lack of inversion symmetry in host semiconductors. A crucial ingredient is hetero-interface contribution to intrinsic spin-orbit interactions that drives significant anticrossing gaps in spectra at zero wavevector, but results in a circle of spectral degeneracies at finite wavevectors. …
A General Probabilistic Framework Combining Experiments And Simulations To Identify The Small Crack Driving Force, Andrea Rovinelli
A General Probabilistic Framework Combining Experiments And Simulations To Identify The Small Crack Driving Force, Andrea Rovinelli
Open Access Dissertations
Identifying the small fatigue crack (SFC) driving force of polycrystalline engineering alloys is instrumental in correlating the inherent microstructure variability and the scatter exhibited by SFC during the early stage of propagation. By utilizing synchrotron images of a SFC propagating through a beta-metastable titanium alloy a general framework to identify the SFC driving force is presented. FFT-based crystal plasticity simulations are then used to computed micromechanical quantities not available from the experiment. The experimental and simulation results are consolidated into a multimodal dataset which is sampled using physically based nonlocal data mining techniques. Sampled data are analyzed via a machine …
Prone To Drone: Unmanned Aircraft Systems' Effects On Public Support For The Use Of Military Force, William Shelby
Prone To Drone: Unmanned Aircraft Systems' Effects On Public Support For The Use Of Military Force, William Shelby
Open Access Dissertations
Unmanned aircraft systems (drones) have seen widespread use by the United States in the “War on Terror.” Drones keep soldiers out of harm’s way and they reduce the financial cost of military operations, all while maintaining high levels of precision like regular soldiers. Because they provide the benefits of using force without the risks, drones could make the public more willing to support the use of force. If true, the public may be more prone to support using force rather than seek out other alternatives to solve a foreign policy crisis because they perceive less risk involved in using force. …
New Multi-Harmonic Techniques For Sensing Tip-Sample Interactions And Nanomechanical Material Property Mapping In Dynamic Atomic Force Microscopy, Nurul Huda Shaik
New Multi-Harmonic Techniques For Sensing Tip-Sample Interactions And Nanomechanical Material Property Mapping In Dynamic Atomic Force Microscopy, Nurul Huda Shaik
Open Access Dissertations
The Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is a versatile tool for studying and characterizing materials at the micro-and nano-scales. The microcantilever designs used in AFM, as well as the experimental and theoretical approaches for quantitative material characterization, are now well developed and understood. However, there are still certain experimental conditions where the conventional design of these probes and the existing material characterization methods limit the applicability of the tool. The challenges associated with the probe design are addressed by integrating additional degrees of freedom into these probes that enabled modification of the eigen-structure of the probes as desired. Designing, fabricating and …
Advancing Microsimulation For Operationa, Economic And Safety Analysis Of Transportation Facilities-The Case Of Diamond Interchanges, Most Afia Sultana
Advancing Microsimulation For Operationa, Economic And Safety Analysis Of Transportation Facilities-The Case Of Diamond Interchanges, Most Afia Sultana
Open Access Dissertations
Traffic congestion and safety issues are pervasive in many urban areas across the United States due to the increasing traffic demand and evolving driving behavior. Microsimulation models can provide a reasonable estimation of operational performance analysis of intersections and interchanges. This dissertation used microsimulation to evaluate six alternative interchanges, as they may perform quite differently in different traffic and local conditions. Operational efficiency, agency and user cost and traffic safety are the major components for selecting the best alternative interchange. The existing microsimulation tool VISSIM was used to perform the operational efficiency, agency and user cost evaluations. A general concept …
An Assessment Of The Subseasonal Predictability Of Severe Thunderstorm Title Environments And Activity Using The Climate Forecast System Version 2, Adam J. Stepanek
An Assessment Of The Subseasonal Predictability Of Severe Thunderstorm Title Environments And Activity Using The Climate Forecast System Version 2, Adam J. Stepanek
Open Access Dissertations
The prospect for skillful long-term predictions of atmospheric conditions known to directly contribute to the onset and maintenance of severe convective storms remains unclear. A thorough assessment of the capability for a global climate model such as the Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) to skillfully represent parameters related to severe weather has the potential to significantly improve medium- to longrange outlooks vital to risk managers. Environmental convective available potential energy (CAPE) and deep-layer vertical wind shear (DLS) can be used to distinguish an atmosphere conducive to severe storms from one supportive of primarily nonsevere ordinary convection. As such, this …
Global Optimization Approach To The Labeling Of Airborne Lidar Point Clouds, Serkan Ural
Global Optimization Approach To The Labeling Of Airborne Lidar Point Clouds, Serkan Ural
Open Access Dissertations
Airborne LiDAR systems provide an unstructured 3D sampling of the objects on and above the ground. Building extraction has traditionally been among the most sought-after applications of airborne lidar topographic mapping along with digital elevation model generation. Extracting buildings from point clouds requires the labeling of the point cloud. Recent methods take advantage of the point properties calculated within a local neighborhood to achieve such labeling. Considering only the properties of individual points however, disregards spatial coherence. The relative change of point properties in the immediate surrounding of each point as well as spatial relationships between neighboring points need to …
Coherent Radiation In Atomic Systems, Robert Tyler Sutherland
Coherent Radiation In Atomic Systems, Robert Tyler Sutherland
Open Access Dissertations
Over the last century, quantum mechanics has dramatically altered our understanding of light and matter. Impressively, exploring the relationship between the two continues to provide important insights into the physics of many-body systems. In this thesis, we add to this still growing field of study. Specifically, we discuss superradiant line-broadening and cooperative dipole-dipole interactions for cold atom clouds in the linear-optics regime. We then discuss how coherent radiation changes both the photon scattering properties and the excitation distribution of atomic arrays. After that, we explore the nature of superradiance in in intially inverted clouds of multi-level atoms. Finally, we explore …
Micromechanics Based Failure Analysis Of Heterogeneous Materials, Hamsasew M. Sertse
Micromechanics Based Failure Analysis Of Heterogeneous Materials, Hamsasew M. Sertse
Open Access Dissertations
In recent decades, heterogeneous materials are extensively used in various industries such as aerospace, defense, automotive and others due to their desirable specific properties and excellent capability of accumulating damage. Despite their wide use, there are numerous challenges associated with the application of these materials. One of the main challenges is lack of accurate tools to predict the initiation, progression and final failure of these materials under various thermomechanical loading conditions. Although failure is usually treated at the macro and meso-scale level, the initiation and growth of failure is a complex phenomena across multiple scales. The objective of this work …
The Political Economy Of Tobacco In The Seventeenth Century English Atlantic, Ruth Savidge Turpin
The Political Economy Of Tobacco In The Seventeenth Century English Atlantic, Ruth Savidge Turpin
Open Access Dissertations
This thesis examines the political economy of tobacco in England and the Chesapeake in the seventeenth century, including production and labor, distribution and shipping, markets, taxes, and consumers. Because of James I’s struggles with Parliament, tobacco achieved a special tax status and thus a special relationship to the English Crown. That relationship persisted through the reign of Charles I, across the Interregnum, and into the Restoration. Tobacco was grown as a cash crop in both England and the Chesapeake. In England, production was exclusively by independent landowners hungry for a cash crop. English tobacco growing was outlawed in 1619, but …
Computational And Theoretical Study Of The Physical Constraints On Chemotaxis, Julien Varennes
Computational And Theoretical Study Of The Physical Constraints On Chemotaxis, Julien Varennes
Open Access Dissertations
Cell chemotaxis is crucial to many biological functions including development, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. Chemotaxis is the process in which cells migrate in response to chemical concentration gradients. Recent experiments show that cells are capable of detecting shallow gradients as small as a 1% concentration difference, and multicellular groups can improve on this by an additional order of magnitude. Examples from morphogenesis and metastasis demonstrate collective response to gradients equivalent to a 1 molecule difference in concentration across a cell body. While the physical constraints to cell gradient sensing are well understood, how the sensory information leads to cell …
Narrative Inquiry Into Understanding Chinese Teachers' Lived Experiences: Interculturalism, Intercultural Education, And Teacher Identity Development, Qing Wang
Open Access Dissertations
Globalization brings the trend that intercultural teacher recruitment and migration become more prominent, and teaching internationally is a worldwide phenomenon. My research is aimed at examining Chinese intercultural teachers’ lived experiences and identity development from a theoretical perspective of interculturalism. I employed narrative inquiry as the research methodology to explore the experiences of five Chinese teachers who have teaching experiences in China and in the U.S. To understand the Chinese teachers’ lived experiences and to explore their identity development, I examined the personal disposition and social contexts in which these teachers lived and worked, teaching practices in different cultures, and …
Fundamental Studies Of The Silicon Carbide Mos Interface, Steven Swandono
Fundamental Studies Of The Silicon Carbide Mos Interface, Steven Swandono
Open Access Dissertations
Climate change has placed a spotlight on renewable energy. Power electronics are essential to minimize energy loss when electricity is converted to a form used on the power grid. With silicon devices now approaching performance limits, SiC MOSFET can deliver power electronics to greater heights. However, the power capability of SiC MOSFETs is constrained by having low interface carrier mobility. It was coincidentally discovered that MOSFETs with oxide grown in alumina tubes have significantly higher mobility. We believe that the large surface potential fluctuations in SiC MOS interface results in percolation transport, and sodium ions from the alumina tubes reduces …
Layout Evaluation By Simulation Protocol For Identifying Potential Inefficiencies Created By Medical Building Configuration, Timothy Brian Mcclure
Layout Evaluation By Simulation Protocol For Identifying Potential Inefficiencies Created By Medical Building Configuration, Timothy Brian Mcclure
Open Access Dissertations
With the healthcare industry in a state of change, one focus is on efficiency in the healthcare environment. The trend for architects is a focus on an evidence-based design decision making process. In this context, simulation is gaining acceptance as a source of evidence. This research developed the Layout Evaluation by Simulation (LES) protocol to evaluate the design of a healthcare facility layout. The approach contains a Systems-of-Systems analysis for developing a healthcare delivery (HD) model, a computer model and simulation of an existing medical facility validated by existing data. Then simulations are run through the validated model inserting the …
Autonomous Guidance Strategy For Spacecraft Formations And Reconfiguration Maneuvers, Theodore P. Wahl
Autonomous Guidance Strategy For Spacecraft Formations And Reconfiguration Maneuvers, Theodore P. Wahl
Open Access Dissertations
A guidance strategy for autonomous spacecraft formation reconfiguration maneuvers is presented. The guidance strategy is presented as an algorithm that solves the linked assignment and delivery problems. The assignment problem is the task of assigning the member spacecraft of the formation to their new positions in the desired formation geometry. The guidance algorithm uses an auction process (also called an “auction algorithm”), presented in the dissertation, to solve the assignment problem. The auction uses the estimated maneuver and time of flight costs between the spacecraft and targets to create assignments which minimize a specific “expense” function for the formation. The …
Investigations Of Material Response To Fatigue Phenomena In Contacting Bodies, Aditya Walvekar
Investigations Of Material Response To Fatigue Phenomena In Contacting Bodies, Aditya Walvekar
Open Access Dissertations
Investigating the fatigue performance of machine components has been of significant interest to improve reliability and reduce the maintenance costs. In the current work, analytical as well as experimental approaches are used to investigate material response to contact fatigue damage. In particular, two fatigue phenomena namely; fretting fatigue and rolling contact fatigue (RCF) are studied. Fretting fatigue is a damage mechanism observed in machine components subjected to fretting in tandem with fluctuating bulk stresses. A fretting test fixture was developed to investigate fretting fatigue behavior of AISI 4140 vs. Ti-6Al-4V in a cylinder-on-flat contact configuration. The critical damage value for …
Defining Replication-Coupled Chromatin Assembly Pathways And Their Effect On Silencing And Responses To Dna Damage In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Tiffany J. Young
Defining Replication-Coupled Chromatin Assembly Pathways And Their Effect On Silencing And Responses To Dna Damage In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Tiffany J. Young
Open Access Dissertations
The genetic information of a cell is organized in a DNA and protein structure referred to as chromatin. Chromatin consists of repeating units called nucleosomes, which consists of 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around an octamer of histone proteins. These histone proteins are post-translationally modified at specific residues that are important gene regulation and genomic stability. Altered histone modification patterns are strongly associated with multiple cancers, underlying the importance of better understanding the pathways that regulate these modifications. During DNA replication, chromatin must be disassembled, and then reassembled behind the replication fork. Defects in this process can cause alterations …
Damage, Tension/Compression Asymmetry And Inferred Crack Growth In Fatigue Title Of Aluminum Alloys, Colin Young
Damage, Tension/Compression Asymmetry And Inferred Crack Growth In Fatigue Title Of Aluminum Alloys, Colin Young
Open Access Dissertations
The idea of a quantity D, which tracks the damage state of a material from 0 (virgin) to 1 (failed) is a well-established concept. In fatigue tests, where a given load cycle is repeated until failure, it is common to define damage D per cycle as the fraction of total life consumed per cycle, or 1/Nf. We begin by using Maximum Entropy method to develop a curve to model the life vs. load cycle relationship for a wrought aluminum alloy 2024-T351 in the low cycle fatigue range. The approach is novel in that the loading is described in terms in …
Augmented Matrix Solvers For Dynamic Linear Systems Of Equations, Yu Hong Yeung
Augmented Matrix Solvers For Dynamic Linear Systems Of Equations, Yu Hong Yeung
Open Access Dissertations
In this dissertation, the problem of updating in real time the solution to a linear system of equations when a sequence of small changes is made to the data is considered. This problem arises in many computational science and engineering applications, and we consider two of them. The first is surgical simulations, where a simulator used to train surgeons needs to provide haptic feedback by updating the system ten to hundred times per second. The second is contingency analysis in the power grids, when their operators need to simulate a large number of scenarios to predict what could happen when …
Using Multiple Ways To Investigate Cognitive Load Theory In The Context Of Physics Instruction, Tianlong Zu
Using Multiple Ways To Investigate Cognitive Load Theory In The Context Of Physics Instruction, Tianlong Zu
Open Access Dissertations
Cognitive load theory (CLT) (Sweller 1988, 1998, 2010) provides us a guiding framework for designing instructional materials. CLT differentiates three subtypes of cognitive load: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive load. The three cognitive loads are theorized based on the number of simultaneously processed elements in working memory. Intrinsic cognitive load depends upon the number of interacting elements in the instructional material that are related to the learning objective. Extraneous cognitive load is the mental resources allocated to processing unnecessary information which does not contribute to learning as caused by non-optimal instructional procedure. It is determined by the number of interacting …
Designing Hand-Driven Input With Novel Sensing Techniques For Natural Interactions In Tangible And Soft Interfaces, Sang Ho Yoon
Designing Hand-Driven Input With Novel Sensing Techniques For Natural Interactions In Tangible And Soft Interfaces, Sang Ho Yoon
Open Access Dissertations
The advancements in electrical components and computing power have introduced new types of sensing capabilities and interfaces. To support upcoming interfaces like augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR), previous studies suggested on utilizing natural correspondences like human motions and natural behaviors [1]. However, conventional input methods still rely on utilizing built-in motion and touch sensors. Although these approaches are offered in effective and efficient manner, they do not fully accommodate human’s natural motions and behaviors as a meaningful input metaphor. Introducing new sensing techniques that are capable of understanding human motions and behaviors will become essential in supporting emerging interfaces. Recent works have …
The Regulation Of Calcium Oscillations In Porcine Eggs At Fertilization, Lu Zhang
The Regulation Of Calcium Oscillations In Porcine Eggs At Fertilization, Lu Zhang
Open Access Dissertations
As the most abundant mineral in organisms, ionized calcium (Ca2+) plays a crucial role in cellular signaling, regulating a great number of physiological activities. In this study, the Ca2+ entry mechanism that sustains the long-lasting Ca2+ oscillations in fertilized pig eggs was investigated. Porcine eggs matured in vitro were used for the experiments. In some eggs, the intracellular Ca2+ stores were depleted using cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, a SERCA pump blocker), others were inseminated with boar spermatozoa. To identify the mechanism that mediates the Ca2+ influx, various inhibitors of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) were used. We found that the inhibitors blocked …
The Study Of Atomic Quasi-Stable States, Decoherence And Cooling Of Mesoscale Particles, Changchun Zhong
The Study Of Atomic Quasi-Stable States, Decoherence And Cooling Of Mesoscale Particles, Changchun Zhong
Open Access Dissertations
Quantum mechanics, since its very beginning, has totally changed the way we understand nature. The past hundred years have seen great successes in the application of quantum physics, including atomic spectra, laser technology, condensed matter physics and the remarkable possibility for quantum computing, etc. This thesis is dedicated to a small regime of quantum physics. In the first part of the thesis, I present the studies of atomic quasi-stable states, which refer to those Rydberg states of an atom that are relatively stable in the presence of strong fields. Through spectrally probing the quasi-stable states, series of survival peaks are …
Investigation And Analysis Of The Effects Of Manual Lifting And Carrying Activities On Postural And Gait Stability In Normal Subjects, Mohammed Alamoudi
Investigation And Analysis Of The Effects Of Manual Lifting And Carrying Activities On Postural And Gait Stability In Normal Subjects, Mohammed Alamoudi
Open Access Dissertations
Manual material handling (MMH) contributes to a large percentage of musculoskeletal disorders. Examples of its fundamental activities are lifting and carrying tasks that can be accomplished in several strategies, with each one imposing different types of stresses on the musculoskeletal system. These types of stresses may perturb the stability of the human body and may cause falls. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the effect of MMH tasks on postural and locomotion stability using motion capturing system. Postural and dynamic stability were measured using new stability measures that were introduced in this study. A point inside the …
Maestra Digna Guerra And Her Role In The Promotion Of Choral Music In Post-Revolutionary Cuba, Melissa Bumbach
Maestra Digna Guerra And Her Role In The Promotion Of Choral Music In Post-Revolutionary Cuba, Melissa Bumbach
Open Access Dissertations
Maestra Digna Guerra is a significant figure in Cuban choral music. She has led the Coro Nacional de Cuba, one of the country’s most prominent choral institutions, for more than 40 years. A founding member of the university-level Instituto Superior de Música (ISA), she served as the head of the choral conducting department at both the ISA and the Escuela Nacional de Arte (ENA) and trained many of the next generation of choral scholars and educators. Under her direction, the Coro Nacional de Cuba has grown to include two chamber choirs, Coro Entrevoces and D’Profundis, as well as the children’s …
A Combinatorial Approach To Cns Regeneration Using Activated Transcription Factors, Saloni T. Mehta
A Combinatorial Approach To Cns Regeneration Using Activated Transcription Factors, Saloni T. Mehta
Open Access Dissertations
Approximately 300,000 Americans are living today with permanent disability related to traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), with almost 12,000 new cases each year. There are no current methods to promote robust regeneration and long-term functional recovery in SCI patients. This is partially because, following SCI, axon regeneration in the CNS is poor, owing both to neuron intrinsic factors and to external inhibitory factors. One major intrinsic limitation on axon regeneration is the altered activities of regeneration-associated transcription factors (TFs) in mature neurons of the central nervous system (CNS); these factors fail to be activated post-injury. In contrast, axons in the …