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LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

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Anxiety And Orange Blossoms: Sexual Economics In Wedding Texts By Grace Lumpkin, Eudora Welty, And Alice Childress., Ida Maxwell Wells Jan 2000

Anxiety And Orange Blossoms: Sexual Economics In Wedding Texts By Grace Lumpkin, Eudora Welty, And Alice Childress., Ida Maxwell Wells

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This study examines how problematic representations of brides reflect anxiety about women's roles in the marriage market of the early twentieth-century United States in Grace Lumpkin's The Wedding, Eudora Welty's Delta Wedding, and Alice Childress's Wedding Band: A Love /Hate Story in Black and White. The study develops a theoretical model of stages young women negotiate in order to participate in the sexual economic process underlying the marriage exchange: initiate, self-fashioner, marriageable woman, bride, wife, and mother. In moving through these stages, the young woman increasingly loses her identity as she fashions herself into the socially-constructed persona "lady," or marriageable …

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Suburbianation: Reading Suburban Landscape In Twentieth -Century American Fiction And Film., Robert Andrew Beuka Jan 2000

Suburbianation: Reading Suburban Landscape In Twentieth -Century American Fiction And Film., Robert Andrew Beuka

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

In the years following the end of World War II, a new kind of landscape emerged in the United States, one that would immeasurably alter the way Americans think about place. Critics and commentators greeted the emergence of the environment we know as "suburbia" with a mixed reaction: for some, the suburbs represented the material embodiment of the "American Dream"; for others, architectural and environmental homogeneity marked the new suburbs as an alienating, even dangerous terrain. In the half-century since the onset of mass-suburbanization, the United States---which has, by now, become a primarily suburban nation---has continued to struggle with the …

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Factors Influencing The Retention Of Adult Volunteer Leaders In The Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service 4 -H Program., Ismet Boz Jan 2000

Factors Influencing The Retention Of Adult Volunteer Leaders In The Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service 4 -H Program., Ismet Boz

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The main purpose of this study was to determine contributions adult volunteer leaders make for 4-H and to identify factors influencing the retention of adult volunteer 4-H leaders in the Louisiana Cooperative Extension 4-H Program. A random sample of 196 adult volunteer 4-H leaders from 10 Louisiana parishes were the participants of this study. The data collection instrument was pre-tested for reliability and yielded a .96 Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficient for its 84 scale items. Anticipating approximately a 50% response rate, 400 surveys were mailed out in September, 1999. After two attempts were made for follow-up 218 usable surveys …

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Models Of Professional Development For Teachers: Factors Influencing Technology Implementation In Elementary Schools., Marilyn Hill Catchings Jan 2000

Models Of Professional Development For Teachers: Factors Influencing Technology Implementation In Elementary Schools., Marilyn Hill Catchings

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This qualitative multiple case study explored factors which contribute to the implementation of technology in elementary schools. This research had a phenomenological focus because there was a concentration on the structure and essence of the experiences of the teachers and leaders in the phenomenon, the implementation of technology in the school. The four schools chosen for the study were judged to have outstanding technology implementation by state technology leaders and a researcher screening process. They were selected because the researcher determined that these cases were the ones from which the most could be learned. These particular schools had ample technology …

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Hearsay, Testimony And Conference: Citationality In The Works Of Marguerite Duras, Maurice Blanchot And Jacques Derrida., Mary Carla Criner Jan 2000

Hearsay, Testimony And Conference: Citationality In The Works Of Marguerite Duras, Maurice Blanchot And Jacques Derrida., Mary Carla Criner

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This dissertation involves an examination of the effects and implications of three modes of citationality: hearsay, testimony and conference. As a term coined by Jacques Derrida, citationality involves the problematization of questions related to borders and limits and to the attempt to re-present the originary event thought to lie beyond the performance of citational acts of bearing witness. In chapter one I situate my project theoretically through an examination of the principles of deconstruction. In particular, Jacques Derrida's work on the metaphysical concepts of presence and speech, in terms of repeatability or iterability, bears heavily on my study. As a …

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Successful Pirates And Capitalist Fantasies: Charting Fictional Representations Of Eighteenth- And Early Nineteenth -Century English Fortune Hunters., Robert Gordon Dryden Jan 2000

Successful Pirates And Capitalist Fantasies: Charting Fictional Representations Of Eighteenth- And Early Nineteenth -Century English Fortune Hunters., Robert Gordon Dryden

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Successful Pirates and Capitalist Fantasies investigates British pirate fiction during the emergence of capitalism. I initially began my dissertation with the intention of focusing on historical pirates, privateers, and common sailors (the men who "turned" pirate) in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, but after close readings of pirate ballads, rogue biographies, plays, novellas, and novels by (among others) Daniel Defoe, John Gay, Charles Johnson, and Jane Austen, I determined that this pirate fiction is not about the historical pirate at all; the deployment of pirate figures in eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century British fiction is an invented tradition of representation that …

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Advanced Oxidation Processes For Remediation Of Explosives -Contaminated Soils., Elizabeth Covington Fleming Jan 2000

Advanced Oxidation Processes For Remediation Of Explosives -Contaminated Soils., Elizabeth Covington Fleming

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Explosives contamination in soils is an environmental concern for the public due to their toxic effects. The United States Department of Defense (DoD) is particularly concerned with explosives contamination in soils due to the thousands of sites for which it is responsible for remediating. To date, the most common technology utilized for remediating explosives contamination in soils has been incineration. However, costs for incineration have been estimated to range from approximately $250 to $3250 per ton and are generally inversely related to the volume of soil. The use of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), including dark and illuminated forms, was evaluated …

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The Effects Of Government Funding On Non -Profit Organizational Behavior., Melissa Scott Flournoy Jan 2000

The Effects Of Government Funding On Non -Profit Organizational Behavior., Melissa Scott Flournoy

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This dissertation addresses the problem of determining the effects of government funding on non-profit organizational behavior. The definition of a non-profit organization is a formal organization, privately incorporated but serving a public purpose, self-governing, voluntary to some degree and non-profit distributing (Salamon, 1993). The literature review demonstrates the increasing role of non-profit organizations as a means of social service delivery in the United States. As a result of policy changes and funding opportunities, non-profit organizations are increasingly providing services that were in the purview of government. The hypothesis for this study is that government funding positively affects the organizational behavior …

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Caring For The Soul In A Postmodern Age: The Political Thought Of Jan Patocka., Edward Francis Findlay Jan 2000

Caring For The Soul In A Postmodern Age: The Political Thought Of Jan Patocka., Edward Francis Findlay

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This study undertakes to examine the political thought of the late Czech philosopher and Charter 77 spokesman, Jan Patocka. It leads to a consideration of the fundamental problem of contemporary and postmodern theory, the question of a metaphysical foundation for our philosophical and political self-understanding. Patocka asserted the common origin of philosophy and politics in ancient Greece and maintained that their animating force was freedom, understood ontologically as our ability to transcend the merely objective and relative in life and to see human being as a being of possibility. He called this insight, embodied in the activity of Socrates, the …

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Effects Of Suggestive Questioning On Women's Self -Report Of Pain Information Following Colposcopy., Jodie Rabalais Guth Jan 2000

Effects Of Suggestive Questioning On Women's Self -Report Of Pain Information Following Colposcopy., Jodie Rabalais Guth

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This study examined the effects of suggestive questioning on women's retrospective ratings of pain and anxiety experienced during colposcopy. The wording of questions was varied between participants (Pain Suggesting, Pain Denying, or No Suggestion). Number of recall sessions was also varied between participants in that some participants completed two ratings (Immediate and Delayed Recall) while others completed only one rating (Delayed Recall). Trait anxiety, pain severity at the time of the memory task, and medical procedure (whether or not the patient underwent a biopsy) were included in the analyses as covariates. Ratings of sensory and affective pain severity as well …

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Shattering The Barriers: Achieving African American Students At A Predominantly White Research I University In The South And Their Reasons For Success., Rose Mary Joubert-Thompson Jan 2000

Shattering The Barriers: Achieving African American Students At A Predominantly White Research I University In The South And Their Reasons For Success., Rose Mary Joubert-Thompson

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This study investigated the relationship between noncognitive factors and achievement of academically successful African American students attending predominantly White institutions of higher education (PWIs). It explored the reasons many African American students at PWIs are able to ensure and continue their academic success. Also, the motivational strategies utilized by some African American students on majority race campuses to overcome obstacles in order to maintain their achievement levels were examined. Collective case study research methods were employed. This was accomplished through the use of eleven African American juniors and seniors who are achieving academically while attending Louisiana State University. To discover …

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The Effects And Mechanism Of Action Of Cimetidine On Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Using An Equine Soft-Tissue Inflammation Model., Robert Paul Hunter Jan 2000

The Effects And Mechanism Of Action Of Cimetidine On Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Using An Equine Soft-Tissue Inflammation Model., Robert Paul Hunter

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Cytochrome P-450 (CYP) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are similar heme containing enzymes. Cimetidine (CIM) is an H2 antagonist, and since CIM inhibits CYP, it may also bind to the heme-iron of NOS and reduce NO generation. Six horses each had three tissue chambers inserted subcutaneously on either side of the neck for Trial 1. Trial 2 also used 6 female Thoroughbred horses implanted with at least two tissue chambers as in Trial 1. Blood and tissue chamber fluid (TCF) were sampled at -24, 0, 4, 8, 12 h and at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days after …

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Mapping The Learning Organization: Exploring A Model Of Organizational Learning., Sandra Grin Mae Kaiser Jan 2000

Mapping The Learning Organization: Exploring A Model Of Organizational Learning., Sandra Grin Mae Kaiser

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

A field study examined the effects of Learning Organization variables on organizational learning and on performance drivers. Four hundred and thirty-nine employees of a nuclear power-production facility completed inventories asking about perceptions of the organization. Variables measured through a learning lens included leadership, culture, mission and strategy, management practices, organizational structure, organizational systems, climate, motivation, learning, innovation, and external alignment Hierarchial regression analyses were employed to examine the role of organizational variables in explaining variance in learning, innovation, and external alignment. Variables were entered into regression models based on the Byrke-Litwin Model of organizations. The study also examined the role …

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Civic Engagement, Local Capitalism And Poverty: The Effects Of The Black Belt, Single Female Household Headship, And Metropolitan Status., Michelle Marie Livermore Jan 2000

Civic Engagement, Local Capitalism And Poverty: The Effects Of The Black Belt, Single Female Household Headship, And Metropolitan Status., Michelle Marie Livermore

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Recent research on the relationship between civic community and poverty concludes that high levels of civic involvement are associated with low poverty levels. I revisit the relationship between civic community and poverty by asking whether it differs across counties with different social structural characteristics. I test for interactions between the presence of civically engaged denominations and area racial composition, single female household headship, and metropolitan status. The association between the percent of a county's population in civically engaged denominations and poverty differs according to certain county social structural characteristics. First, areas with a critical percentage of African Americans demonstrate a …

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Memory, Time And Identity In The Novels Of William Faulkner And Marcel Proust., John Stephen Larose Jan 2000

Memory, Time And Identity In The Novels Of William Faulkner And Marcel Proust., John Stephen Larose

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This dissertation is a comparative study of first person narrative in Marcel Proust's A la recherche du temps perdu (Remembrance of Things Past), and selected novels of William Faulkner, primarily those in which the character of Quentin Compson appears: The Sound and the Fury and Absalom, Absalom! This comparison is based upon the assumption that the attempts to represent the patterns of thought, memory, or consciousness in these novels is symptomatic of many twentieth-century novels, which dramatize an anxiety about the possibility of a solid ground for knowledge of the world or of the self. The language of these novels …

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Sociomathematical Norms Of Elementary School Classrooms: Crossnational Perspectives On The *Reform Of Mathematics Teaching., Jeongsuk Pang Jan 2000

Sociomathematical Norms Of Elementary School Classrooms: Crossnational Perspectives On The *Reform Of Mathematics Teaching., Jeongsuk Pang

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Mathematics education reform in the United States has marshaled large-scale support for instructional innovation, and enlisted the participation and allegiance of large numbers of mathematics teachers. However, there is concern that many teachers have not grasped the full implications of the reform ideals. This study explored the breakdown that may occur between teachers' adoption of reform objectives and their successful incorporation of reform ideals by comparing and contrasting two reform-oriented classrooms. This study was an exploratory, qualitative, comparative case study using constant comparative analysis. Seven mathematics lessons were video-taped from each class, and intensive interviews conducted with the two teachers. …

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American Alligator Nesting Ecology In Impounded Marsh Habitat, Louisiana., Steven Richard Reagan Jan 2000

American Alligator Nesting Ecology In Impounded Marsh Habitat, Louisiana., Steven Richard Reagan

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The goal was to monitor a large number of female alligators over a 3-year period to obtain information on alligator nesting ecology. This dissertation, although designed to estimate annual nesting rates, provides additional meaningful information on methods of capture, tag retention rates, nest spacing patterns, segregation of size classes, nest site fidelity, the relationship between attendance and nest success, the effects of fire ants on alligator nest success, the relationship between hatchling alligators and their mother, and hatchling dispersal. Passive integrated transponder (PIT), monel web, and cranial mounted reflector tags were evaluated for marking and identifying alligators. Use of harmonic …

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A Longitudinal Study Of Students Academic Achievement Change: A Multilevel Structural Equation Model From A Multiple Group Perspective., John Kipngeno Rugutt Jan 2000

A Longitudinal Study Of Students Academic Achievement Change: A Multilevel Structural Equation Model From A Multiple Group Perspective., John Kipngeno Rugutt

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The focus of this study was three-fold: First, to determine if the growth parameters (intercepts and slopes) in mathematics and language were related within domains and ethnicity. Second, to determine if the pattern of interrelationships among the individual achievement growth parameters were the same for African American and White students. Third, to establish whether there existed discernible patterns variability in academic growth parameters within each ethnicity over time. The study employed a three-wave longitudinal panel design, with data drawn from Louisiana State Department of Education. The data were then analyzed utilizing both a multilevel structural equation methodology and hierarchical linear …

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Water Quality Model For Evaluation Of Nonpoint Source Impacts Of Rice Field Runoff., Elizabeth Deette Smythe Jan 2000

Water Quality Model For Evaluation Of Nonpoint Source Impacts Of Rice Field Runoff., Elizabeth Deette Smythe

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Water quality impairment in many water bodies in the state of Louisiana is attributed to agricultural nonpoint sources of pollution. Many of these use-impaired streams have also been hydromodified to facilitate agricultural development, deepening and straightening the channels to form "stretch lakes". This dissertation evaluated the unique, and previously uncharacterized and unquantified ricefield loadings and their impacts on these dystrophic waterbodies in order to provide the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (LDEQ) with assessments of stream impacts from implementing altered cropping practices known as "best management practices" (BMPs). In order to produce an assessment of rice BMPs, this dissertation developed …

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Response Of Granular Layers In Flexible Pavements Subjected To Aircraft Loads., Donald Mark Smith Jan 2000

Response Of Granular Layers In Flexible Pavements Subjected To Aircraft Loads., Donald Mark Smith

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Airfield pavement design is a complex blend of relatively simple linear elastic theory, fatigue concepts, correlations with small and full-scale tests, and pragmatic adjustments to reflect observations of in-service pavements. The granular base and subbase have always posed the most difficult analytical problem in traditional pavement design methodologies. For this reason, the granular layers have never been treated explicitly in design as have the asphalt concrete (AC) layer and subgrade layer, which have used predictive models for cracking in the AC and rutting in the subgrade as a function of linear-elastic strain and material properties. Instead, these granular layers were …

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Silencing Dreiser: Textual Editing And Theodore Dreiser's "Jennie Gerhardt"., Annemarie Koning Whaley Jan 2000

Silencing Dreiser: Textual Editing And Theodore Dreiser's "Jennie Gerhardt"., Annemarie Koning Whaley

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

In 1911 Theodore Dreiser published his novel Jennie Gerhardt . Prior to publication, the editors at Harper and Brothers cut around 16,000 words from the text. In 1992 James L. West III, Distinguished Professor of English and Fellow for the Arts and Humanities Studies at Pennsylvania State University, published a restored "Pennsylvania" edition. Scholars are now unsure of which text better represents Dreiser's original artistic vision for the novel. This dissertation closely examines the changes made to the original manuscript and concludes that these changes alter Dreiser's original artistic vision dramatically. Therefore, the 1911 edition is substantially inferior to the …

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Performance Assessment And English Skill., Zhenghe Zhang Jan 2000

Performance Assessment And English Skill., Zhenghe Zhang

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Recent developments in the philosophy of validity, highlighting the importance of investigating the consequences of assessment use, provide theoretical support for the move toward performance assessment. Numerous issues related to the choice of assessment approach (e.g., multiple-choice or performance-based) are not well understood today. This study investigated the potential interaction between assessment approach and the English skill of the examinee and the similarity of the information provided by multiple-choice and essay writing tests. Four hypotheses were examined in this study. Hypothesis 1 results indicated that students who were native speakers of English (regular students) achieved higher scores on the writing …

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Traumatic Life Events, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, And Health Outcomes In A Low -Income, Primary Care Population., Bradford West Applegate Jan 2000

Traumatic Life Events, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, And Health Outcomes In A Low -Income, Primary Care Population., Bradford West Applegate

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Research suggests that individuals with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) have significant dysregulation in a number of physiological indices, especially the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Biological theories of PTSD propose that prolonged SNS and HPA axis dysregulation places individuals with PTSD at risk for development of medical morbidity and impairments in health status. The present study examined the following research questions: (a) what is the prevalence of traumatic life events and PTSD in a low-income primary care population? (b) does PTSD predict impairments in self-reported health status after controlling for age, alcohol abuse, tobacco use, and obesity? …

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Domestic Labor And The Earnings Of Professionals., Rebecca Sue Carter Jan 2000

Domestic Labor And The Earnings Of Professionals., Rebecca Sue Carter

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This dissertation focuses on how time allocated to domestic responsibilities affects the earnings of professionals. Although the earnings gap between women and men has narrowed, women are paid less than their male counterparts and a substantial part of the gender earnings gap remains unexplained. Women's growing entry into the full-time labor force has created new challenges for working women and dual-earner families. Professionals may manage domestic responsibilities differently than non professionals because they are likely to have jobs that offer higher pay and more autonomy. With fewer domestic demands placed on these households, we would expect to observe more gender …

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Social Networks And Stigmatization., William Craig Carter Jan 2000

Social Networks And Stigmatization., William Craig Carter

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

An extensive body of literature on stigma exists in both sociology and psychology. However, the literature has virtually ignored how an individual's pattern of interactions might be affected as a result of being stigmatized. This dissertation develops theory concerning the nature of stigma management strategies and their consequences for social networks. Specifically, the theory predicts that stigmatized individuals tend to have relatively smaller and sparser personal networks, participate less in foci of activity, and draw fewer pairs of associates from the same focus than do nonstigmatized individuals. The data analyzed in this dissertation are especially useful for examining social networks …

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Effects Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Transgenic Cotton On Soybean Looper, Pseudoplusia Includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Larval Development, Mortality, Population Dynamics, And Resistance Management On Soybean., Christopher Glen Clemens Jan 2000

Effects Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Transgenic Cotton On Soybean Looper, Pseudoplusia Includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Larval Development, Mortality, Population Dynamics, And Resistance Management On Soybean., Christopher Glen Clemens

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

In laboratory bioassays, total mortality (neonate to pupation) among Bt-cotton varieties ranged from 13 to 89%; however, only cvs. CK 312/531, NuCOTN 33B, and PM 1220 RR/BG caused greater mortality than the soybean and meridic diet controls. Several Bt-cotton hosts increased larval developmental time, but none of the commercial Bt-cotton varieties (excluding CK 312/531) significantly affected adult longevity, generation time, doubling time, or intrinsic rate of increase (rm). Soybean looper larval and predator densities were monitored in soybean fields to determine the impact of Bt-cotton production on soybean looper seasonal abundance. Throughout the study, peak soybean looper larval densities were …

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Intestinal Bioavailability And Biotransformation Of 3,4,3',4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl In The Channel Catfish, Ictalurus Punctatus., Adriana Maria Doi Jan 2000

Intestinal Bioavailability And Biotransformation Of 3,4,3',4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl In The Channel Catfish, Ictalurus Punctatus., Adriana Maria Doi

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

These studies examined the role of micelle fatty acid composition, contaminant body burden, biotransformation, and non-specific toxicity on the systemic bioavailability of 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) from the intestine of catfish, as well as the effect of TCB upon the vectorial transporter p-glycoprotein (pgp). Initial in vitro experiments demonstrated that the solubility of [14C]-TCB in micelles was favored by longer chain fatty acids, with higher [14C]-TCB solubility correlating to greater systemic bioavailability of [14C]-TCB in an in situ preparation. The systemic bioavailability of [14C]-TCB was demonstrated to be affected by in vivo exposures to TCB, in a dose-independent manner, and apparently unrelated …

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Validation Of A Screening Instrument For Exposure To Violence In Children: The Kid -Save., Anise Lavaun Flowers Jan 2000

Validation Of A Screening Instrument For Exposure To Violence In Children: The Kid -Save., Anise Lavaun Flowers

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Children in the United States have an increasing rate of exposure to chronic community violence. Research on children exposed to community, domestic, and war-related violence has demonstrated the traumatic effects of violence on children. The KID-SAVE was developed as an empirically-based self-report measure of violence exposure for children in grades three through seven. During an initial development study, the KID-SAVE demonstrated excellent reliability and preliminary construct validity data. The purpose of the present study was to provide further validity data on the KID-SAVE. A sample of 188 children (96 boys and 92 girls) and their parents participated in the study. …

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Human Caring, Self-Efficacy Beliefs, And Professional Organizational Culture Correlates Of Employee Retention In Child Welfare., Alberta June Shelinbarger Ellett Jan 2000

Human Caring, Self-Efficacy Beliefs, And Professional Organizational Culture Correlates Of Employee Retention In Child Welfare., Alberta June Shelinbarger Ellett

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This study was designed to explore individual and organizational factors useful in explaining retention of professional staff in public child welfare agencies. The study examined linkages among a set of theoretically grounded personal/psychological and organizational variables and child welfare professionals' expressed intentions to remain employed in child welfare. Typically, studies in human services organizations have focused on issues pertaining to employee turnover and burnout. Alternatively, this study addressed personal and organizational factors related to employee retention in child welfare. The study used large sample survey and quantitative data analysis methods to examine relationships among elements of professional organizational culture, human …

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The Evolution Of Frank Norris In The American Medievalist Tradition: Norris's Progression From Gothic Juvenilia To Modern Courtly Love In "The Pit"., Holly Ann Hale Jan 2000

The Evolution Of Frank Norris In The American Medievalist Tradition: Norris's Progression From Gothic Juvenilia To Modern Courtly Love In "The Pit"., Holly Ann Hale

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Though most Frank Norris scholars dismiss the author's early gothic works as insignificant elements of the Norris canon, I argue that this frequently ignored juvenilia is essential to understanding Norris's unique development as an American Naturalist. Norris, like other authors of his generation, was caught up in a boyhood enthusiasm for the Middle Ages which was initiated and nurtured by a similar nostalgia for the period among the American elite in the late nineteenth-century. This post-medieval nostalgia for medieval convention came to be known as medievalism and its enthusiasts were called medievalists. Norris's early naturalistic writings, including a number of …

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