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Journal of Extension

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Improving Parental Engagement For Latino Youths' Educational Success: Lessons From Juntos Oregon, Daniel F. López-Cevallos, Amy W. Young, Ana Gómez-Diazgranados, Yuridia Reyes, José R. Garcia, Jeff Sherman, Gina Galaviz-Yap Aug 2020

Improving Parental Engagement For Latino Youths' Educational Success: Lessons From Juntos Oregon, Daniel F. López-Cevallos, Amy W. Young, Ana Gómez-Diazgranados, Yuridia Reyes, José R. Garcia, Jeff Sherman, Gina Galaviz-Yap

Journal of Extension

Research has shown that more efforts are needed to increase high school completion and postsecondary enrollment among Latino youths. However, little is known regarding efforts that engage both Latino youths and their parents. To address this gap, we surveyed Juntos Oregon participants to examine the school and community context Latino youths and their families face in the educational journey and identify effects of the Juntos program. Results showed that in a context of persistent discrimination and unfair treatment, Juntos workshops increased the sense of school and community connectedness among Latino parents. Increases in academic planning and motivation occurred as well. …


Addressing Facilitators And Barriers Related To Early Childhood Obesity Prevention In Rural Appalachian Communities, Nancy O'Hara-Tompkins, Joanna S. Beane, Gwen Crum, Lesley Cottrell, Emily Murphy Aug 2020

Addressing Facilitators And Barriers Related To Early Childhood Obesity Prevention In Rural Appalachian Communities, Nancy O'Hara-Tompkins, Joanna S. Beane, Gwen Crum, Lesley Cottrell, Emily Murphy

Journal of Extension

Through a community-focused needs assessment conducted in rural Appalachia, we gauged perceptions of facilitators and barriers related to healthful eating and physical activity for young children and identified suggestions for improvement. Thirty-seven key informant interviews and three caregiver focus group sessions were coded and analyzed for key themes. Limited community resources emerged as a barrier to both healthful eating and physical activity. Suboptimal communication about existing opportunities was also identified. Community members reviewed the needs assessment data and implemented initiatives to address identified needs. The importance of Extension-facilitated needs assessments in rural settings to shape health initiatives to local contexts …


Impact Of A Language And Literacy Training And Coaching Intervention On Early Childhood Outcomes In Low-Income Communities, Teresa A. Byington, Yaebin Kim Aug 2020

Impact Of A Language And Literacy Training And Coaching Intervention On Early Childhood Outcomes In Low-Income Communities, Teresa A. Byington, Yaebin Kim

Journal of Extension

We implemented an Extension-led language and literacy training and coaching intervention targeting preschool teachers and children in low-income communities in Nevada. Participation in the intervention had a positive influence on the language and literacy instruction skills of preschool teachers and language and literacy skills of children. Analysis of 40 preschool classrooms and 199 preschoolers over 3 years of data collection identified improvements in general classroom environments and teachers' language and literacy practices. Preschoolers demonstrated improvements in alphabet knowledge, comprehension, phonological awareness, vocabulary, and oral language. Extension professionals elsewhere may use a similar approach to positively affect the achievement gap of …


Measuring The Economic Benefit Of Extension Leadership Programs: Mcleod For Tomorrow, Brigid A. Tuck, Scott A. Chazdon, Catherine M. Rasmussen, Hannah J. Bohn Aug 2020

Measuring The Economic Benefit Of Extension Leadership Programs: Mcleod For Tomorrow, Brigid A. Tuck, Scott A. Chazdon, Catherine M. Rasmussen, Hannah J. Bohn

Journal of Extension

Extension-led leadership programs provide economic benefits. Historically, evaluators have struggled to quantify these benefits as compared to costs. Further, leadership programs have both public and private value, which are difficult to quantify. To address gaps in understanding the value of leadership development programs, we quantified the economic benefit of the McLeod for Tomorrow leadership program. Through an alumni survey and a mind-mapping session, we collected data on the program's public and private benefits. Our findings show that each dollar invested creates $5.60 in economic benefit and that public value exceeds private value. Our article provides insights into methods for quantifying …


Activating Volunteers For Statewide Covid-19 Pandemic Response, Lisa T. Washburn, April Martin, Shelly N. Barnes Aug 2020

Activating Volunteers For Statewide Covid-19 Pandemic Response, Lisa T. Washburn, April Martin, Shelly N. Barnes

Journal of Extension

Extension is known for facilitating local networks and having the capacity to organize and mobilize volunteers. These assets, critically important in crises and emergency situations, were drawn on to support Tennessee's response to health care worker and community needs early in the coronavirus pandemic. Using local networks, we rapidly activated a statewide volunteer workforce to address potential shortages of cloth face masks before federal agencies recommended their widespread public use. We share social media communication strategies and a timeline of key events and acknowledge challenges we encountered in moving forward in an environment of inconsistent and evolving guidelines. Our actions …


Using An Immediate Feedback Tool To Improve Learning And Facilitate Program Evaluation, Erin Hodgson, Ashley Dean, Zhenzhong Wang Aug 2020

Using An Immediate Feedback Tool To Improve Learning And Facilitate Program Evaluation, Erin Hodgson, Ashley Dean, Zhenzhong Wang

Journal of Extension

We wanted to understand whether short-term learning could occur during Extension presentations and used an immediate feedback tool to find out. Applying the immediate feedback tool, we asked multiple-choice questions prior to delivering a presentation and repeated them at the end to assess how well the information was delivered to and received by the audience. The immediate feedback tool let participants know whether they understood the information presented. Results indicated that adults were receptive to immediate feedback and that closed-ended questions can provide reliable evaluation data. Participants showed significant learning with the tool, which has broad applicability in Extension.


Questions Farmers Ask: Implications For Improving Information Resources For Farmer Audiences, Alice Krinsky Formiga Aug 2020

Questions Farmers Ask: Implications For Improving Information Resources For Farmer Audiences, Alice Krinsky Formiga

Journal of Extension

eOrganic, the Organic Agriculture Community of eXtension, has conducted webinars on organic farming research for over a decade. I examined questions asked by farmers and university researchers or educators during 52 webinars presented 2015–2017. A higher proportion of questions asked by farmers than questions asked by researchers/educators were about risks, benefits, and problem solving, and the farmers' questions contained many innovative ideas about production. A higher proportion of researcher/educator questions than farmer questions related to details of research studies, though farmers also posed questions about research methods. This article contains suggestions about tailoring research presentations to farmer audiences and confirms …


Invasive Species Terminology: Standardizing For Stakeholder Education, Basil V. Iannone Iii, Shannon Carnevale, Martin B. Main, Jeff E. Hill, Julie B. Mcconnell, Steven A. Johnson, Stephen F. Enloe, Michael Andreu, Emily C. Bell, James P. Cuda, Shirley M. Baker Jun 2020

Invasive Species Terminology: Standardizing For Stakeholder Education, Basil V. Iannone Iii, Shannon Carnevale, Martin B. Main, Jeff E. Hill, Julie B. Mcconnell, Steven A. Johnson, Stephen F. Enloe, Michael Andreu, Emily C. Bell, James P. Cuda, Shirley M. Baker

Journal of Extension

The excessive number of terms associated with invasive species, and their often incorrect usage, hinders stakeholder education about the threats of invasive species. Here we introduce seven terms (native, nonnative, introduced, established, invasive, nuisance, and range change) that are applicable across invasive taxa, understandable, typically interpreted correctly, and useful for describing most situations regarding invasive species. We also list six terms to avoid (native invasive, invasive exotic, invasive weed, alien, foreign, and nonindigenous) that create confusion via their misuse and misinterpretation. The terms we propose …


Overview Of A Statewide Extension Strategic Planning Process And Unintended Outcomes, Joseph L. Donaldson, Shirley Hastings Jun 2020

Overview Of A Statewide Extension Strategic Planning Process And Unintended Outcomes, Joseph L. Donaldson, Shirley Hastings

Journal of Extension

In 2010, University of Tennessee Extension conducted a strategic planning effort focused on the subsequent 10 years. The process involved approximately 3,000 Tennesseans in online surveys, area meetings, opinion polling, and focus group sessions. This article describes the process, tools, and outcomes—which included a comprehensive strategic plan. Yet the strategic planning process itself produced unintended outcomes, specifically professional development opportunities, greater awareness of Extension among state government stakeholders, and continuity in the pursuit of strategic goals despite administrative change. The major implication for Cooperative Extension organizations is that attention to the potential of these unintended outcomes can enhance strategic planning.


A Time Like No Other: 4-H Youth Development And Covid-19, Mary E. Arnold, Roger A. Rennekamp Jun 2020

A Time Like No Other: 4-H Youth Development And Covid-19, Mary E. Arnold, Roger A. Rennekamp

Journal of Extension

In this thought leader commentary, we review the potential devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people, including trauma, impacts on mental health, socioemotional distress, and changes in academic learning. Stating that 4-H is uniquely positioned to mitigate these effects through intentional positive youth development efforts, we present a call to action for 4-H educators and Extension administrators as we move from initial reaction to recovery and beyond. We recommend four research-based strategies to ensure that youths not only survive, but thrive, in this time like no other.


Preparing To Cocreate: Using Learning Circles To Ready Extension Professionals For Meaningful Stakeholder Engagement, Bob Bertsch, Jill Heemstra, Doug Golick Jun 2020

Preparing To Cocreate: Using Learning Circles To Ready Extension Professionals For Meaningful Stakeholder Engagement, Bob Bertsch, Jill Heemstra, Doug Golick

Journal of Extension

Extension professionals are being asked to address complex public issues. Doing so requires cocreative approaches that engage, in a significant way, the people affected by these issues. Successful engagement, however, requires specific skills and a cocreative mind-set. Extension professionals in two states participated in learning circles to improve their engagement skills. Using a survey and interviews, we studied the impact of the learning circle experience on participants. We found that learning circles helped participants practice colearning, build relationships, and change their mind-sets in ways that could move their work toward more cocreative efforts.


Importance Of Best Guesses In Emergency Situations, Arthur Nash, Stephen C. Brown, Julie Cascio Jun 2020

Importance Of Best Guesses In Emergency Situations, Arthur Nash, Stephen C. Brown, Julie Cascio

Journal of Extension

During emergency situations, such as natural disasters or the current pandemic, there may not be immediate access to research-based information or information may be nonexistent or conflicting. In such scenarios, Extension personnel may be required to make best guesses based on “what is known so far.” Depending on the urgency of the situation, Extension personnel should draw on opinions and expertise from diverse networks of people and resources before making a best guess. When making a best guess, the Extension professional should follow up to determine whether any information disseminated and recommendations made were correct or not. In either case, …


Importance Of Adding Objective Data To Stakeholder Data In Needs Assessments, Jonathan J. Swinton, Tasha Killian, Paige Wray Jun 2020

Importance Of Adding Objective Data To Stakeholder Data In Needs Assessments, Jonathan J. Swinton, Tasha Killian, Paige Wray

Journal of Extension

When completing a needs assessment, Extension professionals should include both objective county data and stakeholder input data. Specifically, Extension professionals should identify potential areas of need, source available objective data, source data from relevant county stakeholders, and analyze similarities and differences in objective and stakeholder data. Needs assessments should be conducted in this manner to confirm the needs of a county; address risk of data skewed by subjective stakeholder opinion, particularly in small counties; and identify areas of greatest need. This method has been shown to be effective through implementation in a target rural county.


Best Practices For Engaging Communities Of Color In Opioid Prevention Programs, Maru Gonzalez, Autumn Guin, Kim Allen, Amy G. Chilcote, Paul J. Toriello, Ebonyse P. Mead Jun 2020

Best Practices For Engaging Communities Of Color In Opioid Prevention Programs, Maru Gonzalez, Autumn Guin, Kim Allen, Amy G. Chilcote, Paul J. Toriello, Ebonyse P. Mead

Journal of Extension

The United States has an opioid epidemic that requires efforts to help youths and families navigate complex challenges. Extension professionals are being called on to develop programs that equitably and effectively engage and serve audiences across racial and ethnic differences. To accomplish this, Extension professionals must understand the systemic and historic inequities that have shaped prevention and treatment initiatives within communities of color. Establishing culturally responsive practices is essential for building successful prevention programs. This article presents an overview of historical occurrences, challenges faced by communities of color, and recommendations for best practices.


Developmental Disabilities Training Series, Jeannette Rea Keywood, Michelle F. Brill Jun 2020

Developmental Disabilities Training Series, Jeannette Rea Keywood, Michelle F. Brill

Journal of Extension

Effectively engaging individuals with developmental disabilities is essential to Extension's diversity and inclusion mandate. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported that over 6 million individuals have developmental disabilities. We in Extension have the potential to include a proportionate number of individuals with developmental disabilities in our programs wherever we serve. The Developmental Disabilities Training Series, an online or in-person professional development series, prepares Extension personnel and volunteers with the knowledge, skills, and confidence needed to design and implement community-based programs for this clientele. The series includes five courses, fact sheets, and resource materials.


Evaluation Tool For Collecting Statewide Outcomes For Single-Session Programs, Angela Abbott, Lisa Graves, Stephanie Woodcox Jun 2020

Evaluation Tool For Collecting Statewide Outcomes For Single-Session Programs, Angela Abbott, Lisa Graves, Stephanie Woodcox

Journal of Extension

Evaluation is critical to demonstrating program value and impact and to better communicating outcomes to stakeholders. Purdue Extension Health and Human Sciences (HHS Extension) created an evaluation tool based on the need to collect statewide metrics on a standardized set of questions addressing the topics of food, family, money, and health. This evaluation tool, Survey Builder, allows Extension educators to customize evaluations for single-session programs using a streamlined online approach. Data from Survey Builder allow HHS Extension to demonstrate the collective outcomes of statewide programming efforts. Survey Builder was developed to be used by other organizations as well.


Hosting Flame Cap Biochar Kiln Workshops To Teach Hazardous Fuel Reduction, Darren Mcavoy, Michael Kuhns, Megan Dettenmaier, Lauren Nicole Dupéy Jun 2020

Hosting Flame Cap Biochar Kiln Workshops To Teach Hazardous Fuel Reduction, Darren Mcavoy, Michael Kuhns, Megan Dettenmaier, Lauren Nicole Dupéy

Journal of Extension

The combination of large volumes of woody fuel needing disposal after forestry activities and evolving regulatory restrictions makes traditional methods of pile burning increasingly difficult. Alternatively, using small kilns to pyrolyze these fuels on-site yields a potentially valuable product: biochar. In this article, we describe an educational program on the use of small kilns for fuel treatment and biochar production. Survey results from our series of demonstrations indicate that 69% of respondents added biochar to their soils and 100% of respondents increased their interest in biochar. Moreover, we reduced hazardous fuel in Utah by more than 20 semitruck loads by …


Multidisciplinary Program Approach To Building Food And Business Skills For Agricultural Entrepreneurs, Courtney Crist, Elizabeth Canales Jun 2020

Multidisciplinary Program Approach To Building Food And Business Skills For Agricultural Entrepreneurs, Courtney Crist, Elizabeth Canales

Journal of Extension

Farmers involved in local food systems are seeking opportunities to expand operations and diversify their sources of income through value-added operations and access to new markets. To be successful, producers need further food safety training and business skills acquisition to mitigate potential risks. We outline and discuss a multidisciplinary program developed for Extension personnel to deliver to producers and value-added entrepreneurs participating in local and regional food systems. The program helps participants reduce risks by improving their business skills, marketing tools, market access, market channels, regulatory compliance, and food safety practices.


Publishing An Online Research Review: Engaging University And Community Authors In Communication About Research, Cari Michaels Jun 2020

Publishing An Online Research Review: Engaging University And Community Authors In Communication About Research, Cari Michaels

Journal of Extension

Extension professionals need easy access to published research and the means to translate it in meaningful ways. They also aim to engage community partners in applying research findings. The Children's Mental Health eReview serves as an example of a process for engaged writing with community partners as well as a product that summarizes current research and its relevance. The eReview reaches a wide audience, promotes practice change among readers, and serves as a useful model for other areas of Extension work.


Postsecondary Students' Perceptions Of Water Issues And Water-Related Educational Interests, Christopher J. Eck, Kevin Wagner, Binod Chapagain, Omkar Joshi Jun 2020

Postsecondary Students' Perceptions Of Water Issues And Water-Related Educational Interests, Christopher J. Eck, Kevin Wagner, Binod Chapagain, Omkar Joshi

Journal of Extension

We conducted a nonexperimental, descriptive study to better understand Oklahoma State University students' perceptions of water issues and relevant learning preferences using a 56-item survey instrument we based on the 2008 Water Issues in Oklahoma survey. In total, 103 agriculture students participated in our survey. Clean drinking water was their top concern, but few understood potential risks to water supplies. Additionally, participants expressed only modest interest in learning more about water issues. They indicated that they preferred learning via digital media and traditional fact sheets and expressed little interest in learning via apps, in-person events, and newspaper articles. Our results …


Sense Of Belonging As Perceived By Youths Who Continue Participation In 4-H, Chris Decubellis, Kirby Barrick Jun 2020

Sense Of Belonging As Perceived By Youths Who Continue Participation In 4-H, Chris Decubellis, Kirby Barrick

Journal of Extension

Sense of belonging is an essential element of a high-quality 4-H program. However, little research exists quantifying sense of belonging among 4-H club members. We measured perceived sense of belonging among Florida 4-H members in middle and high school as well as seven factors that influenced continued participation in 4-H. Parental involvement, 4-H events, and interactions with friends were factors important to participants' continued enrollment. Interaction with a caring adult was the factor most strongly positively correlated with perceived sense of belonging, suggesting the importance to retention of providing a framework that allows a new 4-H member to develop a …


Integrated Pest Management Summit Reveals Barriers, Needs, And Goals For Agricultural Extension, Katie Murray, Paul Jepson, Cassie Bouska, Melissa Scherr, Darrin Walenta Jun 2020

Integrated Pest Management Summit Reveals Barriers, Needs, And Goals For Agricultural Extension, Katie Murray, Paul Jepson, Cassie Bouska, Melissa Scherr, Darrin Walenta

Journal of Extension

Integrated pest management (IPM) continues to be an area of great importance for agricultural Extension. However, there are barriers to implementation. To advance understanding of current status, barriers, and needs in IPM Extension, we organized a 1-day IPM summit for Oregon State University agricultural Extension faculty. Over 50 faculty attended from various departments and programs. We report on the process and highlight the top barriers, needs, and goals revealed. We hope to stimulate similar meetings among other agricultural Extension professionals and enhance Extension professionals' collective understanding of barriers to IPM to reveal pathways for progress.


Forest Health Diagnostics Facebook Page: Impact And Natural Resources Programming Implications, Molly Darr, Jiri Hulcr, Jeff Eickwort, Jason Smith, William Hubbard, David Coyle Jun 2020

Forest Health Diagnostics Facebook Page: Impact And Natural Resources Programming Implications, Molly Darr, Jiri Hulcr, Jeff Eickwort, Jason Smith, William Hubbard, David Coyle

Journal of Extension

The Southern Forest and Tree Health Diagnostics Facebook page, managed by Extension and forestry professionals in the southeastern United States, is designed to deliver forest and tree heath information to the public via a web-based, crowdsourced diagnostic service. We conducted an online survey to quantify the page's impact by identifying audience demographics, engagement levels, and perceptions of the page's value. Results indicated that stakeholders consider the Southern Forest and Tree Health Diagnostics page to be an effective diagnostics service and a valuable educational tool. This model could be used in other natural resources program areas to increase the reach of …


Model Multilayered Website For Varied Audiences: Dairy Sustainability "Virtual Farm", Eillen Fabian-Wheeler, Daniel Hofstetter, Rebecca Larson, Horacio Aguirre-Villegas, Carolyn R. Betz Jun 2020

Model Multilayered Website For Varied Audiences: Dairy Sustainability "Virtual Farm", Eillen Fabian-Wheeler, Daniel Hofstetter, Rebecca Larson, Horacio Aguirre-Villegas, Carolyn R. Betz

Journal of Extension

A "virtual farm" website with science-based information about dairy sustainability topics was created for a variety of audiences. A key structure of the website is layering of information. At the most frequently used entry level, a site visitor explores by looking and learning. As interest evolves, the visitor finds links to technical levels, and those with a deep interest in a topic will find peer-reviewed documents at the research resource level. Process-based model scenarios include climate change mitigation practices targeted at dairies. Anecdotally, users have appreciated the professional looking access to technical information and depiction of modern dairy farming practices. …


Regional Advisory Councils To Support Nascent Rural Entrepreneurs, Sharon R. Paynter, Michael L. Harris, Dennis Barber Iii Jun 2020

Regional Advisory Councils To Support Nascent Rural Entrepreneurs, Sharon R. Paynter, Michael L. Harris, Dennis Barber Iii

Journal of Extension

Traditional economic development efforts have been unable to address the nuances of rural communities. Entrepreneurship can be an important process and a vital component for building rural resiliency. As part of RISE29, a grant funded program, regional advisory councils have been established an act as a crucial extension tool for East Carolina University. The goal of these councils is to incorporate the narrative and discourse of the importance of entrepreneurship as a part of inclusive rural economic development strategies.


Approach To Establishing An Infrastructure For Delivering Third-Party-Reimbursable Community-Based Health Education, Dawn A. Contreras, Laura A. Anderson Jun 2020

Approach To Establishing An Infrastructure For Delivering Third-Party-Reimbursable Community-Based Health Education, Dawn A. Contreras, Laura A. Anderson

Journal of Extension

Entities that seek to provide quality community-based health education need sustainable funding to maintain their efforts. With dwindling funding sources, it has become important to have diverse financial support for program stability. A promising new practice for expanding funding involves partnering with third-party payers. Michigan State University Extension created a multistep approach to prepare organizations to receive third-party payments. This approach includes (a) assessing readiness, need, and capacity; (b) conducting organizational preparation; (c) conducting staff preparation; and (d) formalizing partnerships. The result is the creation of an infrastructure that allows for partnering with varied funding sources for sustainable community-based health …


Sharing Feedback, Sharing Screens: Videoconferencing As A Tool For Stakeholder-Driven Web Design, El Lower, Rochelle Sturtevant, Devin Gill Jun 2020

Sharing Feedback, Sharing Screens: Videoconferencing As A Tool For Stakeholder-Driven Web Design, El Lower, Rochelle Sturtevant, Devin Gill

Journal of Extension

Videoconferencing is a low-cost, high-reward tool for engaging stakeholders in participatory design and usability testing for online Extension products. This article details how we used the videoconference program BlueJeans to facilitate the redesign of the Great Lakes Aquatic Nonindigenous Species Information System database and highlights the benefits of this technique along with the methods we used for stakeholder interviews in the project.


Know The Land, Save The Land: Apparel Design For Extension Education, Melissa B. Hamilton, Lori Wahl, Brad Stokes Jun 2020

Know The Land, Save The Land: Apparel Design For Extension Education, Melissa B. Hamilton, Lori Wahl, Brad Stokes

Journal of Extension

We leveraged collaboration by a county Extension office, apparel design undergraduate students, and university faculty to develop an innovative educational product to capture the attention of new audiences for invasive plant education programming. Nationwide press highlighted the project—titled Know the Land, Save the Land—generating national interest and sales. We achieved our goal of using innovative educational materials to reach new audiences for Extension education. As well, the project is fiscally self-sustaining and continues to support experiential student learning opportunities for apparel design students through future product releases.


Lesson Plan Helps Volunteers Improve Learning Among 4-H Youths In Animal Projects, Timothy Ewers, Scott Nash, Alaena Ruth, Julia Piaskowski Jun 2020

Lesson Plan Helps Volunteers Improve Learning Among 4-H Youths In Animal Projects, Timothy Ewers, Scott Nash, Alaena Ruth, Julia Piaskowski

Journal of Extension

Continued development and delivery of animal science programs for 4-H youths is a critical need in all livestock production regions. The large number of 4-H youth programs, their rural locations, and the small number of 4-H Extension professionals make delivery of new curricula challenging. In response, we developed animal science lessons for volunteer leaders. We evaluated the effectiveness of a quality assurance lesson delivered by untrained volunteers on learning among 4-H youths in 32 clubs across Idaho. Survey results indicate improved student learning and provide preliminary evidence that this delivery model can be effective for 4-H participants.


Identifying Key Constructs And Measurements To Assess The Situation Analysis Reports, Subrato K. Kuri, Karen A. Vines, Michael Lambur Jun 2020

Identifying Key Constructs And Measurements To Assess The Situation Analysis Reports, Subrato K. Kuri, Karen A. Vines, Michael Lambur

Journal of Extension

Every five years, unit offices of Virginia Cooperative Extension (VCE) must submit a situation analysis (SA) report. The purpose of the SA report is to identify the current issues at the local level to develop future educational programs. The primary objective of this study was to develop a methodology that could be used to assess the quality of SA reports in Virginia. We have evaluated 196 SA reports from VCE to begin development of an assessment. Results of testing of the tool identify areas for continued development.