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Journal of Extension

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Collaboratively Writing Extension Publications For The Public, Adrienne M. Duke Oct 2020

Collaboratively Writing Extension Publications For The Public, Adrienne M. Duke

Journal of Extension

This article describes how to collaboratively write Extension publications for the public. The seven-step process that is outlined provides structure and accountability for completing writing projects that involve multiple authors and facilitates the dissemination of electronic or print materials in a timely manner.

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Tips For Using Photovoice In Evaluation Of Extension Programs, Kimberly J.M. Keller, Rebecca Mott Oct 2020

Tips For Using Photovoice In Evaluation Of Extension Programs, Kimberly J.M. Keller, Rebecca Mott

Journal of Extension

Photovoice is a technique in which a facilitator guides a participant to produce a photograph and accompanying caption that reflects the participant's unique views regarding a topic. The photovoice process is designed to be used with a wide range of audiences. This article describes ways Extension educators can incorporate photovoice into the evaluation of Extension programs and identifies issues they should consider when doing so.

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Exploring Agents' Philosophies Of Adult Education And Perceptions Of The Role Of Extension, Jackson Alexander, Kenda S. Grover, Shelly Walters Oct 2020

Exploring Agents' Philosophies Of Adult Education And Perceptions Of The Role Of Extension, Jackson Alexander, Kenda S. Grover, Shelly Walters

Journal of Extension

This article describes our study exploring Extension agents' philosophies of adult education and their perceptions of the role of Cooperative Extension for individuals and in the community. We surveyed agents in Arkansas using the Philosophy of Adult Education Inventory and open-ended questions related to the role of Extension. Most agents indicated the strongest level of agreement with the progressive philosophy. Two themes that emerged from the open-ended questions were agent as disseminator of information and impact of Extension on quality of life. Our discussion includes recommendations for professional development that involves examining one's personal philosophy of adult education.

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Are Beginning And Small-Scale Farmers Drawn To Diversification? Ten Years' Findings From Ohio, Matthew Mariola, Amyaz Moledina, Larry A. Nye Oct 2020

Are Beginning And Small-Scale Farmers Drawn To Diversification? Ten Years' Findings From Ohio, Matthew Mariola, Amyaz Moledina, Larry A. Nye

Journal of Extension

Diversifying a farm's production operations or marketing channels can boost income and raise farm survival rates. But are beginning and small-scale farmers inclined toward a strategy of diversification? We analyzed 578 attendee surveys from 10 years of an Extension workshop for new and small-scale farmers in Ohio. We investigated the farming profile of beginning and small-scale farmers, the degree to which they are interested in pursuing diversified farming, and whether these interests vary by gender. We found evidence that new and small-scale farmers are interested in alternatives to commodity grain farming, that these alternatives are associated with diversified farming systems, …

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Survey Of Farmers Market Managers In California: Food Safety Perspectives, Aida F.A. Pires, Esther A. Kukielka, Viktoria Haghani, James K. Stover, Thais De Melo Ramos, Julia Van Soelen Kim, Michelle T. Jay-Russell Oct 2020

Survey Of Farmers Market Managers In California: Food Safety Perspectives, Aida F.A. Pires, Esther A. Kukielka, Viktoria Haghani, James K. Stover, Thais De Melo Ramos, Julia Van Soelen Kim, Michelle T. Jay-Russell

Journal of Extension

We conducted a survey to characterize certified California farmers markets (FMs) regarding location, seasonality, size, product, product labeling, advertising methods, postharvest practices, regulations governing vendors, training offered, and training interests. Data obtained from the survey highlight the need for improvement regarding food safety and can serve as a basis for development of collaborative education by Extension educators, regulatory agencies, and FMs. Extension professionals can play a proactive role in such training opportunities, focusing outreach efforts for training according to applicable findings and including online training venues to maximize reach to stakeholders.

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How To Talk With Ranchers About Drought And Climate Resilience: Lessons From Knowledge Exchange Workshops In Montana, Mitch J. Lassa, Hailey Wilmer, Madison Boone, Zach Brown, Justin D. Derner, Dannele E. Peck, Carmen Thissen, Clayton Marlow Oct 2020

How To Talk With Ranchers About Drought And Climate Resilience: Lessons From Knowledge Exchange Workshops In Montana, Mitch J. Lassa, Hailey Wilmer, Madison Boone, Zach Brown, Justin D. Derner, Dannele E. Peck, Carmen Thissen, Clayton Marlow

Journal of Extension

This article offers the Extension community a pathway to drought resilience and climate-related conversations through knowledge exchange workshops. In 2017, a "flash drought" affected eastern Montana, and ranchers in the region faced numerous challenges. Moreover, drought-favorable climate conditions are predicted to increase for the region. We held five workshops to facilitate an exchange of adaptive drought management strategies, focusing on key themes for drought resilience: (a) drought planning and adaptive management, (b) use of local knowledge networks, (c) flexible stocking and grazing, and (d) adaptation to shifting baselines. Extension can use this approach to foster multidirectional knowledge sharing to strengthen …

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Benefits Of Incorporating The Strengthening Families Program Into Family Drug Treatment Court Services, Elizabeth Day, Juliana Garcia, Erin Mathios, Mary Beth Morrissey Oct 2020

Benefits Of Incorporating The Strengthening Families Program Into Family Drug Treatment Court Services, Elizabeth Day, Juliana Garcia, Erin Mathios, Mary Beth Morrissey

Journal of Extension

The opioid epidemic has become a public health crisis; it is important to understand practices Extension educators can use to support affected families. We explored the benefits of a parenting program delivered by Extension educators, the Strengthening Families Program (SFP), for families involved in family treatment court services. Data came from 41 parents who participated in SFP from 2014 to 2018. Findings from retrospective questionnaires showed increases in parental warmth, positive discipline, stress management, and family organization, as well as decreases in family conflict. Findings show the potential for SFP to support families as they work through challenges amid the …

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National 4-H Hippology And Livestock Skillathon Contests Affect Knowledge And Skills, Savanna Tomoson, Rosemarie Nold Oct 2020

National 4-H Hippology And Livestock Skillathon Contests Affect Knowledge And Skills, Savanna Tomoson, Rosemarie Nold

Journal of Extension

Using a mixed model, we evaluated effects of national 4-H hippology and livestock skillathon contests on youths' content knowledge, 21st century skills, and postsecondary plans. Hippology participants gained significant knowledge in all topics except breeds, and livestock skillathon contestants gained significant knowledge in all topics. The contests were similar in their effects on development of 21st century skills and postsecondary plans. Gains in content knowledge indicate that contest preparation is an effective method for increasing youths' technical knowledge. Additionally, findings suggest that contest preparation is a viable venue for 21st century skill development and that such skill development is not …

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Evaluating Utah's Rural Online Initiative: Empowering Rural Communities Through Remote Work, Paul Hill, Amanda D. Ali, Lendel K. Narine, Debra Spielmaker, Andrea Schmutz Oct 2020

Evaluating Utah's Rural Online Initiative: Empowering Rural Communities Through Remote Work, Paul Hill, Amanda D. Ali, Lendel K. Narine, Debra Spielmaker, Andrea Schmutz

Journal of Extension

Utah's rural counties have experienced high levels of unemployment compared to the state's urban counties. Utah State University Extension developed a remote work educational program intended to reduce rural unemployment. We conducted a descriptive study to gather data from May–August 2019 participants (N = 1,025). Our results indicate that short-term outcomes from the course were realized. On average, participants experienced increases in knowledge, improved skills, and positive intentions toward seeking remote employment. We recommended formative evaluation for continuous course improvement and follow-up procedures to measure participants' success in securing remote employment. Extension professionals can plan and evaluate their programs …

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Mentoring In Action Model—Exploring The Mentoring Process In Nebraska Extension, Ashley Mueller Oct 2020

Mentoring In Action Model—Exploring The Mentoring Process In Nebraska Extension, Ashley Mueller

Journal of Extension

One method used by Extension organizations to orient new professionals is mentoring, yet gaps exist in the research on mentoring within Extension. Through focus group interviews and a materials review, I explored the mentoring process in Nebraska Extension. Using a semistructured interview approach, I asked Extension educators about their mentoring experiences, and I reviewed an organizational mentoring packet. From my findings, I constructed the mentoring in action model, which explains mentorship in Nebraska Extension. The model shows that mentoring is built on two mentoring structures and two primary characteristics of effective mentoring relationships. The study findings can inform mentoring strategies …

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We (All) Need To Talk About Race: Building Extension's Capacity For Dialogue And Action, Eric Walcott, Brian Raison, Rachel Welborn, Rich Pirog, Mary Emery, Mike Stout, Laura Hendrix, Marcia Ostrom Oct 2020

We (All) Need To Talk About Race: Building Extension's Capacity For Dialogue And Action, Eric Walcott, Brian Raison, Rachel Welborn, Rich Pirog, Mary Emery, Mike Stout, Laura Hendrix, Marcia Ostrom

Journal of Extension

For Extension to remain relevant to the mission of meeting the most critical community needs, we must examine the racial inequities that hold us back as institutions and lead efforts to engage diverse communities in learning about race through dialogue. Responses from participants in 26 states who joined a train-the-trainer initiative suggested that despite previous efforts, there is great need for increased education and capacity building to address racism and prioritize racial equity both within our institutions and in the communities we serve. For Extension professionals to effectively engage in this work, it is critical for administrators to show visible …

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Science Communication: Synthesis Of Research Findings And Practical Advice From Experienced Communicators, Amy Elizabeth Jenkins, Alexandra Grygorczyk, Andreas Boecker Aug 2020

Science Communication: Synthesis Of Research Findings And Practical Advice From Experienced Communicators, Amy Elizabeth Jenkins, Alexandra Grygorczyk, Andreas Boecker

Journal of Extension

Use of effective public communication strategies is critical for Extension professionals to successfully navigate challenges faced by the agriculture sector and local community, effect policy changes, and ensure public value for the Extension program. Simply addressing the public knowledge deficit is ineffective for gaining public trust in science. Thus, implementation of public engagement and increased dialogue are central to contemporary Extension practice. Such an approach requires balancing factual knowledge with an engaging and open communication style. We draw on both research findings and advice from experienced science communicators to provide a synthesis of practical tips for achieving this balance. Guidance …

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Involving International Students In Designing And Implementing International Extension Tours, Giovani Stefani Faé, Gregory W. Roth Aug 2020

Involving International Students In Designing And Implementing International Extension Tours, Giovani Stefani Faé, Gregory W. Roth

Journal of Extension

International Extension experiences can provide valuable outcomes to clientele. Careful planning is necessary to maximize the benefits to participants and the potential impacts of the tour. International agricultural sciences students can benefit from participating in these tours and greatly add to their success. In this article, we describe the main organizational steps we used and lessons we learned while planning and executing a comprehensive tour program to Brazil involving substantial contribution by an international student.

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Engaging Teens And Adults In Mindfulness: The University Of California 4-H Mindfulness Retreat, Kendra M. Lewis, Anne M. Iaccopucci, Katherine E. Soule Aug 2020

Engaging Teens And Adults In Mindfulness: The University Of California 4-H Mindfulness Retreat, Kendra M. Lewis, Anne M. Iaccopucci, Katherine E. Soule

Journal of Extension

The University of California (UC) 4-H Mindfulness Retreat was developed on the basis of current research of positive youth outcomes associated with mindfulness. Curricula, resources, and programming were developed to introduce participants to mindfulness to improve overall health. The UC 4-H Mindfulness Retreat provides training and opportunities to teens and adults in the areas of mindfulness, nutrition, physical activity, stress management, relationship building, community connection, and advocacy. We present outcomes, successes, and lessons learned related to developing and executing a statewide mindfulness retreat for youths and adults.

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Two States, One Mission: Building Policy, Systems, And Environmental Change Capacity Of County Extension Educators, Christopher T. Sneed, Karen L. Franck, Heather Norman, Lisa Washburn, Lauren E. Kennedy, Soghra Jarvandi, Janet Mullins Aug 2020

Two States, One Mission: Building Policy, Systems, And Environmental Change Capacity Of County Extension Educators, Christopher T. Sneed, Karen L. Franck, Heather Norman, Lisa Washburn, Lauren E. Kennedy, Soghra Jarvandi, Janet Mullins

Journal of Extension

Policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) change interventions are a key part of comprehensive nutrition and health education. Although Extension educators find value in PSE approaches and report being involved in PSE work, many still indicate a lack of understanding regarding PSE approaches. We describe a unique multistate training designed to increase Extension educators' understanding, skills, and capacity related to implementing PSE change interventions. Data demonstrating success of the training are presented. Additionally, best practices for others wishing to create similar multistate programs conclude the article.

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Revising Curricula Through The Use Of Lesson Study, Mariah Smith, Donna J. Peterson, Laura H. Downey Aug 2020

Revising Curricula Through The Use Of Lesson Study, Mariah Smith, Donna J. Peterson, Laura H. Downey

Journal of Extension

The lesson study methodology allows Extension educators to reflect on instructional practices and gather formative data that can be used to refine curricula. We trained Extension educators and formed a community of practice (CoP) of agents who used the lesson study method to inform improvements of a 4-H coding curriculum. The CoP planned and set goals, implemented the lesson, shared formative data, and strategized on how to improve subsequent lessons. They found the lesson study method to be an effective tool for engaging the specialist, other agents, and youths in meaningful dialogue so that curriculum goals could be met.

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Structured Support Advances Extension Educator Intercultural Development During A Short-Term Study Abroad Experience, Marygrace Erickson, Jacie Grant, Elizabeth L. Karcher Aug 2020

Structured Support Advances Extension Educator Intercultural Development During A Short-Term Study Abroad Experience, Marygrace Erickson, Jacie Grant, Elizabeth L. Karcher

Journal of Extension

Extension educators need intercultural competence to communicate with international audiences and facilitate dialogue in diverse domestic communities. Although many Extension professionals have traveled abroad, experience abroad does not necessarily lead to intercultural competence without intentional intercultural development support. We describe a novel program designed to develop Extension educators' intercultural competence by involving them as mentors in an undergraduate agriculture study abroad program. Statements by the participating educators support increased ability to recognize and adapt to multiple frameworks, increased self-reflection, and enriched interactions and programming for their diverse communities.

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Survey On Equine Parasite Control In The Midwestern And Southwestern United States, Gary W. Webb, Heidi Brady, Cassandra O'Hara, Sadie Sacra Aug 2020

Survey On Equine Parasite Control In The Midwestern And Southwestern United States, Gary W. Webb, Heidi Brady, Cassandra O'Hara, Sadie Sacra

Journal of Extension

We conducted a survey to assess parasite control programs used by three groups of horse owners. The majority of those surveyed indicated that they received information on parasite control from veterinarians, with only 6% indicating reliance on Extension materials for such information. Most participants did not use fecal egg counts as part of their parasite control programs, and most were not aware of parasite resistance to anthelmintics. Our survey results highlight areas in which education for horse owners may be needed.

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Food Safety Needs Assessment For Georgia Specialty Crops, Camila Rodrigues, Beth Oleson, Laurel L. Dunn Aug 2020

Food Safety Needs Assessment For Georgia Specialty Crops, Camila Rodrigues, Beth Oleson, Laurel L. Dunn

Journal of Extension

We conducted a needs assessment to determine food safety resources required by produce growers in Georgia. Most respondents were farm owners (52.5%), food safety managers (48.3%), and/or farm managers (34.2%). The most requested topics for training included how to improve food safety management skills and how to manage a food safety program. Of 120 respondents, 25 were unsure whether their operations were required to comply with the Produce Safety Rule. This information will guide Georgia food safety educators in developing materials and curricula for growers throughout Georgia. Additionally, our survey and findings may be of use to Extension professionals elsewhere …

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Qualitative Evaluation Of A Future Care Planning Program, Jeong Eun Lee, Katherine Rafferty, Louise Peitz, Emily Bormann Aug 2020

Qualitative Evaluation Of A Future Care Planning Program, Jeong Eun Lee, Katherine Rafferty, Louise Peitz, Emily Bormann

Journal of Extension

We describe efforts to evaluate the impact of the Future Care Planning (FCP) program. To gain deeper understanding of the context and needs of older adults who attended FCP sessions, we conducted follow-up telephone interviews and a qualitative content analysis of the structured interview calls. We identified areas for which Extension can provide continued support, positive programming impacts, and recommendations for future programming. We discuss how our findings will be used for future efforts addressing the topic for older adults and the implications of our findings and method for others in Extension.

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Quantifying Attitudes And Knowledge Change About The Meat-Animal Industry Via A Massive Open Online Course, Chad Carr, Katie Abrams, Grady Roberts, Kylie Phillipps, Victoria Velinsky, Larry Eubanks, Jason Scheffler, Dwain Johnson Aug 2020

Quantifying Attitudes And Knowledge Change About The Meat-Animal Industry Via A Massive Open Online Course, Chad Carr, Katie Abrams, Grady Roberts, Kylie Phillipps, Victoria Velinsky, Larry Eubanks, Jason Scheffler, Dwain Johnson

Journal of Extension

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) offer a unique platform through which Extension can provide valuable education. We explored The Meat We Eat, a MOOC designed to create a more informed meat consumer and increase perceptions of transparency surrounding meat production. Compared to pretest respondents (n = 490), students who completed the posttest (n = 226) had an improved attitude toward meat and slaughter, an improved perception of the meat industry’s transparency, and increased knowledge. These findings suggest the relevance and value of MOOCs as Extension activities for improving knowledge and attitudes toward animal agriculture and other topics.

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Measuring The Economic Benefit Of Extension Leadership Programs: Mcleod For Tomorrow, Brigid A. Tuck, Scott A. Chazdon, Catherine M. Rasmussen, Hannah J. Bohn Aug 2020

Measuring The Economic Benefit Of Extension Leadership Programs: Mcleod For Tomorrow, Brigid A. Tuck, Scott A. Chazdon, Catherine M. Rasmussen, Hannah J. Bohn

Journal of Extension

Extension-led leadership programs provide economic benefits. Historically, evaluators have struggled to quantify these benefits as compared to costs. Further, leadership programs have both public and private value, which are difficult to quantify. To address gaps in understanding the value of leadership development programs, we quantified the economic benefit of the McLeod for Tomorrow leadership program. Through an alumni survey and a mind-mapping session, we collected data on the program's public and private benefits. Our findings show that each dollar invested creates $5.60 in economic benefit and that public value exceeds private value. Our article provides insights into methods for quantifying …

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County Commissioner Perceptions Of Cooperative Extension: Implications For Strengthening The Partnership With County Government, Mark Blevins, K. S.U. Jayaratne, Jackie Bruce, Lucy Bradley, Mitzi Stumpf-Downing Aug 2020

County Commissioner Perceptions Of Cooperative Extension: Implications For Strengthening The Partnership With County Government, Mark Blevins, K. S.U. Jayaratne, Jackie Bruce, Lucy Bradley, Mitzi Stumpf-Downing

Journal of Extension

We undertook a study to determine county commissioner perceptions of Cooperative Extension. The majority of county commissioners had had prior involvement with Extension. Nearly 59% represented rural counties, and 94% indicated that agriculture is important to their county economies. Overall, the commissioners had a positive perception of Cooperative Extension, and their overall perception positively correlated with the significance of agriculture to the local economy. Our findings have implications for county-based Cooperative Extension professionals seeking to build all-important strong partnerships with county commissioners.

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Application Of A Three-Phase Needs Assessment Framework To Identify Priority Issue Areas For Extension Programming, Lendel K. Narine, Amanda D. Ali, Paul A. Hill Aug 2020

Application Of A Three-Phase Needs Assessment Framework To Identify Priority Issue Areas For Extension Programming, Lendel K. Narine, Amanda D. Ali, Paul A. Hill

Journal of Extension

Cooperative Extension strives to deliver relevant programming to residents. However, problems facing communities are increasingly complex. We used a three-phase needs assessment to describe Utah residents' perceptions of issue areas for Extension programming. We gathered data from 1,043 Utah residents. Results highlighted four priority issue areas for Extension programming. These were environmental quality, conservation capacity, community development, and agriculture and food safety. On the basis of our work, we recommend that Extension allocate resources to addressing priority issue areas and implement a formal needs assessment framework for monitoring issue areas to inform relevant and quality programming in response to emerging …

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The Flip Side Of Presubmission Reviews And August Joe Highlights, Debbie Allen Aug 2020

The Flip Side Of Presubmission Reviews And August Joe Highlights, Debbie Allen

Journal of Extension

In the last issue of JOE, I stressed to authors the importance of having one's work read before submitting it. In "The Flip Side of Presubmission Reviews," I explore this topic from the reader's perspective. In "August JOE Highlights," I note articles that underscore the need for health-related policy, systems, and environmental change interventions and other programming meant to right inequities as well as articles describing innovations Extensionists have applied to various challenges, including those produced by the COVID-19 pandemic.

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From Territorial To Transformational: A New Framework For Master Volunteer Engagement, Lisa T. Washburn, Andrew B. Crocker, Joanne Leatherman Aug 2020

From Territorial To Transformational: A New Framework For Master Volunteer Engagement, Lisa T. Washburn, Andrew B. Crocker, Joanne Leatherman

Journal of Extension

Meaningful volunteer engagement depends on the Extension professional's volunteer management philosophy, training, and organizational support for using volunteers. Volunteer development and leadership development are typically absent from management-focused volunteer models used in Extension. Professional development of the Extension professional, beyond discrete management tasks, is lacking but is needed for authentic volunteer engagement through master volunteer programs. A volunteer engagement framework is described to guide a shift from volunteer management to engagement, including use of principles of the community-based participatory approach. The volunteer engagement framework can help professionals identify and self-assess the skill set needed for authentic and sustained volunteer involvement …

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Master Money Manager Coach: A Financial Literacy Train-The-Trainer Program, Cole Ehmke Aug 2020

Master Money Manager Coach: A Financial Literacy Train-The-Trainer Program, Cole Ehmke

Journal of Extension

Master Money Manager Coach (M3C) is a 2-day in-person train-the-trainer program targeted to staff and volunteers at community-based organizations. The dual purposes of the program are to teach trainees how to teach money management using the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation's Money Smart curriculum and to give trainees coaching tools they can use to reinforce positive behavior change in their clients through assistance with goal setting and one-on-one support. The program has been effective in helping engage an audience that ultimately can reach more individual clients than one project team can working separately and directly with end-user clientele.

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"Ask The Ag Agent" Weekly Webinar Series: Agriculture-Focused Response To The Covid-19 Pandemic, William Bamka, Stephen Komar, Meredith Melendez, Michelle Infante-Casella Aug 2020

"Ask The Ag Agent" Weekly Webinar Series: Agriculture-Focused Response To The Covid-19 Pandemic, William Bamka, Stephen Komar, Meredith Melendez, Michelle Infante-Casella

Journal of Extension

The COVID-19 pandemic has restricted traditional delivery of Extension programs. Our group of Rutgers agricultural agents responded by developing a weekly webinar series to remotely continue agricultural consultations and provide an open forum for farmers. Pandemic-related topics included farm labor, compliance with state executive orders, supply-chain disruptions, livestock processing, farmer assistance programs, and other issues. Participation from 258 farmers, agricultural agencies, and other groups resulted in effective networking and timely delivery of information to the agriculture industry. By using available online tools, we were able to efficiently deliver Extension programming and resources to agricultural producers and industry partners. Our efforts …

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Policy, Systems, And Environmental Change: A Planning Tool For Community Health Implementation, Lauren E. Kennedy, Christopher T. Sneed, Karen L. Franck, Heather Norman, Lisa Washburn, Soghra Jarvandi, Janet Mullins Aug 2020

Policy, Systems, And Environmental Change: A Planning Tool For Community Health Implementation, Lauren E. Kennedy, Christopher T. Sneed, Karen L. Franck, Heather Norman, Lisa Washburn, Soghra Jarvandi, Janet Mullins

Journal of Extension

Extension educators across the United States are being asked to expand their direct education efforts to include policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) changes. However, professional development opportunities and tools are needed to familiarize Extension professionals with PSE change approaches, build their capacity to implement PSE change, and make the process relevant to their work. We describe a planning tool developed for a unique multistate PSE change intervention training and designed to facilitate the process of PSE change implementation at the local level. An example of the tool and recommendations for others wishing to use it are included.

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"Making The Best Better" For Youths: Cultivating Lgbtq+ Inclusion In 4-H, Maru Gonzalez, Alison J. White, Liliana Vega, Jeff Howard, Michael Kokozos, Katherine E. Soule Aug 2020

"Making The Best Better" For Youths: Cultivating Lgbtq+ Inclusion In 4-H, Maru Gonzalez, Alison J. White, Liliana Vega, Jeff Howard, Michael Kokozos, Katherine E. Soule

Journal of Extension

4-H, as a research-based positive youth development program, should be affirming and inclusive for all youths, including those who are members of LGBTQ+ communities. This article provides 4-H youth development professionals with a series of checklists for supporting LGBTQ+ participation, focusing on systemic advocacy, guidance and protocols, programming, and professional development and dispositions. Using these checklists, 4-H professionals can identify areas of strength and growth for themselves and their programs. Further, they can enable youth thriving, increase protective factors, and reduce risk factors by cultivating inclusive and affirming 4-H spaces.

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