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Refinement Of Numerical Models And Parametric Study Of Sofc Stack Performance, Andrew C. Burt Aug 2005

Refinement Of Numerical Models And Parametric Study Of Sofc Stack Performance, Andrew C. Burt

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The presence of multiple air and fuel channels per fuel cell and the need to combine many cells in series result in complex steady-state temperature distributions within Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) stacks. Flow distribution in these channels, when non-uniform, has a significant effect on cell and stack performance. Large SOFC stacks are very difficult to model using full 3-D CFD codes because of the resource requirements needed to solve for the many scales involved. Studies have shown that implementations based on Reduced Order Methods (ROM), if calibrated appropriately, can provide simulations of stacks consisting of more than 20 cells …

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Development Of A Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle Emissions Inventory Prediction Methodology, Prakash Gajendran Aug 2005

Development Of A Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle Emissions Inventory Prediction Methodology, Prakash Gajendran

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles are known to contribute a substantial fraction of the oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and particulate matter (PM) to the atmospheric inventory. Prediction of heavy-duty diesel vehicle emissions inventory is substantially less mature than the prediction of gasoline car emissions.;Heavy-duty truck emissions are affected by various parameters like vehicle weight/load, driving schedule used, and injection timing control strategies employed to operate the engine at more fuel-efficient (but higher NO x) mode.;Research has revealed a variety of options for inventory prediction, including the use of emissions factors based upon instantaneous engine power and instantaneous vehicle behavior. Effects …

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Differences Among Standardized Test Scores Due To Factors Of Internet Access At Home And Family Affluence, Steve Macho Aug 2005

Differences Among Standardized Test Scores Due To Factors Of Internet Access At Home And Family Affluence, Steve Macho

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to examine differences among the standardized test scores of students due to factors of Internet access at home, household income, and the highest level of education attained by mother, father or guardian. If students with Internet access at home have a different academic standing, is it the result of the Internet connection or confounding factors of family affluence?;The San Miguel GEAR UP program at New Mexico Highlands University, located in Las Vegas, New Mexico had existent data on program participants for Internet access at home, household income, highest level of education in the household, …

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Correlation Between Critical Thinking Skills And Decision Making Skills In Athletic Training And The Examination Of Critical Thinking Differences Across The Curriculum, Wanda S. Swiger Aug 2005

Correlation Between Critical Thinking Skills And Decision Making Skills In Athletic Training And The Examination Of Critical Thinking Differences Across The Curriculum, Wanda S. Swiger

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Athletic trainers evaluate an athlete's injury, make decisions regarding injury management, provide first aid and treatment, establish rehabilitation protocols, and evaluate the outcomes of their decisions. To practice effectively, they must think critically and make appropriate decisions. As educators make curriculum changes to improve decision making in athletic training, instructional methods to develop critical thinking continues to be proposed as a method to achieve this goal. This idea is based on the hypothesis that there is a DM-CT link, that athletic training students think critically, and that these instructional methods affect critical thinking. Additionally, issues continue to increase regarding the …

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Rotation Compatibility Approach To Moment Redistribution For Design And Rating Of Steel I -Girders, Jennifer E. Righman Aug 2005

Rotation Compatibility Approach To Moment Redistribution For Design And Rating Of Steel I -Girders, Jennifer E. Righman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Moment redistribution refers to the design practice where the inherent ductility of continuous-span steel bridge structures is acknowledged and consideration for the redistribution of the large negative bending moments at interior supports to the less heavily stressed positive bending regions is provided. One of the key assumptions made in moment redistribution procedures is that members have sufficient ductility to sustain a given moment capacity throughout the level of rotation required for redistribution moments to develop. However, there is presently no explicit verification that this assumption is satisfied. Instead, it is assumed that sufficient ductility can be obtained by: (1) limiting …

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Mesh Generation For Voxel -Based Objects, Hanzhou Zhang Aug 2005

Mesh Generation For Voxel -Based Objects, Hanzhou Zhang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A new physically-based approach to unstructured mesh generation via Monte-Carlo simulation is proposed. Geometrical objects to be meshed are represented by systems of interacting particles with a given interaction potential. A new way of distributing nodes in complex domains is proposed based on a concept of dynamic equilibrium ensemble, which represents a liquid state of matter. The algorithm is simple, numerically stable and produces uniform node distributions in domains of complex geometries and different dimensions. Well-shaped triangles or tetrahedra can be created by connecting a set of uniformly-spaced nodes. The proposed method has many advantages and potential applications.;The new method …

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Water Vapor Diffusion Through Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites, Mohit Bhardwaj Aug 2005

Water Vapor Diffusion Through Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites, Mohit Bhardwaj

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Fiber reinforced plastics (FRPs) are used to make aircraft structures, highway bridges, automobile components, storage tanks, boat hulls, truck beds, and so on. When these FRPs are exposed to the atmosphere, environmental humidity can weaken the structural integrity and cause fiber delamination. The use of glass-fiber-reinforced nanocomposites made by addition of nanoclay, reduces the fiber damage and delamination because of its ability to enhance the barrier property of the matrix material. Clay not only acts as a barrier toward moisture diffusion, it also sequesters the moisture and protects the glass surface. During the course of this study the role of …

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Reservoir Characterization Using Intelligent Seismic Inversion, F. Emre Artun Aug 2005

Reservoir Characterization Using Intelligent Seismic Inversion, F. Emre Artun

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Integrating different types of data having different scales is the major challenge in reservoir characterization studies. Seismic data is among those different types of data, which is usually used by geoscientists for structural mapping of the subsurface and making interpretations of the reservoir's facies distribution. Yet, it has been a common aim of geoscientists to incorporate seismic data in high-resolution reservoir description through a process called seismic inversion.;In this study, an intelligent seismic inversion methodology is presented to achieve a desirable correlation between relatively low-frequency seismic signals, and the much higher frequency wireline-log data. Vertical seismic profile (VSP) is used …

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Fabrication Of Resonant Optical Waveguide Biosensors Using Electron Gun Depositions, Timothy Allen Cornell Aug 2005

Fabrication Of Resonant Optical Waveguide Biosensors Using Electron Gun Depositions, Timothy Allen Cornell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Biosensors are used to connect the chemical and physical worlds through the use of a transducer, allowing for quick detection of numerous biological agents. A new biosensor being developed, the resonant optical waveguide biosensor, uses power transfer between two optical waveguides to detect the presence of an antigen. The condition for power transfer is extremely sensitive to changes in index of refraction and allows the biosensor to have a high sensitivity to the antigen presence. Given the high sensitivity of the device, a high degree of accuracy in index of refraction and thickness is required from the fabrication process.;Fabrication of …

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Influence Of A Thermal Denuder On Diesel Exhaust Particle Size Distributions, Bobby John Aug 2005

Influence Of A Thermal Denuder On Diesel Exhaust Particle Size Distributions, Bobby John

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Particle size distributions in diesel exhaust were studied using a thermal desorption technique to determine the volatile and non-volatile fractions. A thermal denuder was designed and characterized for optimal operating parameters and its influence on the exhaust chemistries studied using diesel engine exhaust. The study was conducted on a 1992 DDC Series 60 engine mounted on a heavy-duty direct current dynamometer and exercised over steady state and transient cycles. The particle size distributions were recorded upstream and downstream of the denuder maintained at different temperatures to determine the behavior of the volatile fraction. The volatilization technique was also applied to …

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Field Measurement Of Ideal Saturation Flow Rate From The Highway Capacity Manual, Bruce M. Dunlap Aug 2005

Field Measurement Of Ideal Saturation Flow Rate From The Highway Capacity Manual, Bruce M. Dunlap

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In all signalized intersection analyses performed with Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PENNDOT) District 12-0 uses an ideal saturation flow rate of 1800 pcphgpl, which is less than the default value of 1900 pcphgpl provided by HCM. This is to account for the less aggressive characteristics of the local drivers. The purpose of this study is to field measure a sample of saturation flow rates, from which ideal saturation flow rates can be computed, in District 12-0 to determine the appropriateness of the lower ideal saturation flow rate. This study will scientifically test this hypothesis, along …

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Performance Analysis Of Iris Based Recognition System At The Matching Score Level, Manasi V. Ketkar Aug 2005

Performance Analysis Of Iris Based Recognition System At The Matching Score Level, Manasi V. Ketkar

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Over the past three years, iris based personal identification has gained considerable attention both from research groups and government organizations. Public acceptance of this biometric grew substantially too. Modern cameras used for iris acquisition are less intrusive compared to earlier iris scanning devices and public awareness of system reliability is slowly developing. A typical iris system consists of four major subsystems: (i) image acquisition, (ii) preprocessing, (iii) encoding, (iv) decision making. Most current research is focused on redesigning preprocessing and encoding techniques for iris systems. However, a framework for comprehensive analysis of iris recognition systems or a study on how …

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Effect Of Moisture And Temperature On The Mechanical Properties Of Concrete, Brian Downie Aug 2005

Effect Of Moisture And Temperature On The Mechanical Properties Of Concrete, Brian Downie

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Concrete is one of the most widely used building materials. Extensive research was accomplished testing concrete properties including but not limited to modulus of elasticity, compressive strength, tensile strength, and Poisson's ratio using modulus of elasticity and strength testing. The research was done under laboratory conditions. The ideal air temperature in the laboratory was between 68 and 71 °F, and the ideal air relative humidity in a laboratory was between 40 and 60 percent. Research was accomplished on properties of concrete during the curing process at extreme temperatures experienced in the developed world, but little on concrete that is already …

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Mfa Thesis Exhibition, Damir Verona Porobic Aug 2005

Mfa Thesis Exhibition, Damir Verona Porobic

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

How do I see, how do I interpret what I am seeing, what is seeing? How do I perceive the space and objects that surround me, how do I understand space? What is an image and what do I see in it? Is my vision like an image? How do I see what an image sees, how do I relate to an image in my space and how does it perceive me? How does an image signify? What are different representations in an image, of an image? What is seeing, what is vision, what is the visual experience?;The thesis exhibition …

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Computer Aided Home Energy Management System, Asawari A. Moholkar Aug 2005

Computer Aided Home Energy Management System, Asawari A. Moholkar

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

High prices are associated with the peak electricity demand and thus, price can be used as an indicator of power system condition in the peak load management programs. This paper investigates the potential of peak load management based on price-responsive load control for the residential sector. The Computer Aided Home Energy Management (CAHEM) system controls residential demand in response to the hourly market data including price, load and temperature data. A fuzzy demand controller incorporates customer preferences in determining operational settings of residential appliances. A prototype CAHEM system is demonstrated using X10 home networking technology. The aggregate level effects of …

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Flow System Modeling With Applications To Fuel Cell Systems, Christian Edward Shaffer Aug 2005

Flow System Modeling With Applications To Fuel Cell Systems, Christian Edward Shaffer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Fuel cell systems have garnered much attention recently as a possible source of clean, efficient energy. These systems are presently being designed in various arrangements to combine the use of fuel cells with other efficient power producing devices such as gas turbines, producing a system which is more efficient than either the fuel cell or gas turbine alone. The accurate modeling of these types of systems is an important contribution to the increasing development of such technologies. Of particular interest is the transient behavior of these systems, including the flow and thermal behavior of the air and fuel used. The …

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Durability Of E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Vinyl Ester Polymer Composites With Nanoclay In An Alkaline Environment, Naveenkamal Ravindran Aug 2005

Durability Of E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Vinyl Ester Polymer Composites With Nanoclay In An Alkaline Environment, Naveenkamal Ravindran

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study was conducted to determine the effect of clay content in the GFRP (glass fiber reinforced polymer) composite samples as they are aged in an alkaline solution. Two kinds of GFRP composite samples were prepared. One was E-glass fiber reinforced vinyl ester polymer and the other was nano-GFRP prepared with the addition of 1 and 2 wt% of montmorillonite clay. These samples were aged in alkaline solution of pH 13.2 with and without sustained load. The load was 1335 N or 18.75% of the tensile strength of the composite samples. The aging was evaluated by measuring the reduction in …

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Error Propagation Metrics From Xmi, Cihan Varol Aug 2005

Error Propagation Metrics From Xmi, Cihan Varol

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This work describes the production of an application Error Propagation Metrics from XMI which can extract process and display software design metrics from XMI files. The tool archives these design metrics in a standard XML format defined by a metric document type definition.;XMI is a flavour of XML allowing the description of UML models. As such, the XMI representation of a software design will include information from which a variety of software design metrics can be extracted. These metrics are potentially useful in improving the software design process, either throughout the early stages of design if a suitable XMI-enabled modelling …

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Does Peripheral Concentration Of Progesterone Affect Ovulation And Lambing Rates In Barbados Blackbelly Ewes?, Ezra Devonish Aug 2005

Does Peripheral Concentration Of Progesterone Affect Ovulation And Lambing Rates In Barbados Blackbelly Ewes?, Ezra Devonish

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The hypothesis that concentration of progesterone influences number of follicles that mature during estrus, and thus ovulation rate, was tested in cycling ewes. Ewes were assigned at random to three treatments, and bred at estrus after treatment. Ewes in low (LP) and high (HP) groups received exogenous progesterone from day 4 to 14; control ewes (MP) were untreated. The LP ewes were given PGF2alpha on day 6 to regress corpora lutea (CL). Numbers of follicles and CL were observed by transrectal ultrasonography. Fewer follicles disappeared at estrus in ewes on HP than in MP or LP. Ewes on LP had …

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Trout Movement And Habitat Use In The Upper Shavers Fork Of The Cheat River, West Virginia, Jeff Lee Hansbarger Aug 2005

Trout Movement And Habitat Use In The Upper Shavers Fork Of The Cheat River, West Virginia, Jeff Lee Hansbarger

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

I quantified brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) movement and habitat use in a central Appalachian watershed, the upper Shavers Fork of the Cheat River over three seasons (spring/summer 2000-01, fall 2000) with telemetry. The objectives of my study were to: (1) quantify trout habitat use among seasons, and between the mainstem and Rocky Run (a major tributary), (2) quantify the effect of temperature extremes on habitat use by brook trout, (3) quantify trout movement among seasons and between the mainstem and Rocky Run, and (4) relate movement to variations in stream flow, water temperature, and access …

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Fish Response To Discharge Events From A Power Plant Cooling Reservoir In A River Affected By Acid Mine Drainage And Thermal Influences, Cara Chowning Hoar Aug 2005

Fish Response To Discharge Events From A Power Plant Cooling Reservoir In A River Affected By Acid Mine Drainage And Thermal Influences, Cara Chowning Hoar

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In the summer, a discharge from a power plant cooling reservoir (Mount Storm Lake) located on the Stony River can result in large increases in discharge and temperature. Further, the Stony River is affected by mining-impacted tributaries, which degrade water quality. To study the impact of reservoir discharges upon fish populations we evaluated community composition and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) movement along a temperature gradient and relative to the mining-impacted tributaries. The fish community did not differ with discharge events, but community structure varied with mining-impacted inputs. Smallmouth bass avoided areas associated with mining-influenced inputs. Thermal increases associated with reservoir …

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Dental Values As A Factor Affecting Attendance Among Patients With High Dental Fear, Suzanne M. Lawrence Aug 2005

Dental Values As A Factor Affecting Attendance Among Patients With High Dental Fear, Suzanne M. Lawrence

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to assess the degree to which oral health values affect attendance patterns in a group of West Virginia patients with high dental fear. Participants were selected from 585 patients who presented to an oral diagnosis clinic at the West Virginia University School of Dentistry for either emergency services or to be screened for regular patient status. Participants completed a battery of self-report instruments. Those who were identified as having high dental fear (i.e., were in the top 50% of a same-sex distribution on the Dental Fear Survey) were contacted by telephone approximately one year …

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Geologic And Geomorphic Controls Of Alluvial Island Location In Cheat River, West Virginia, Mitzy L. Schaney Aug 2005

Geologic And Geomorphic Controls Of Alluvial Island Location In Cheat River, West Virginia, Mitzy L. Schaney

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cheat River of north central West Virginia and southwestern Pennsylvania is a stable moderately sinuous mountain river with numerous anabranching reaches that include 81 alluvial islands. Relatively stable features, Cheat River alluvial islands are characterized by woody vegetation or human habitation, an elevation equal to or greater than the surrounding floodplain, and a perennially exposed emergent surface surrounded by active channels. Valley geometry, lithology, and tributary input are the main geologic and geomorphic controls selected to assess island location in Cheat River. Islands are more numerous in wide valleys with extensive floodplains; these valleys occur in lithologic segments dominated by …

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Effects Of Differential Consequences On Responding In The Analog Functional Analysis, Theresa M. V. Hedrick Aug 2005

Effects Of Differential Consequences On Responding In The Analog Functional Analysis, Theresa M. V. Hedrick

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Direct methods of functional assessment consist of descriptive observations and experimental assessments. Descriptive observations are conducted in non-laboratory settings and consist of recording instances of target responses and environmental events that precede or follow occurrences of problem behavior, whereas experimental assessments most often are conducted in laboratory settings and involve manipulation of only a few predetermined environmental events. Results of recent studies suggest that discrepant hypotheses often are developed based on outcomes of different methods of functional assessment. As intervention efficacy depends on the accuracy of the functional assessment, it is important to determine why discrepant hypotheses often result from …

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Prediction Of Forage Intake And Production Of Steers In A Winter Forage System, Taryn Romanczak Aug 2005

Prediction Of Forage Intake And Production Of Steers In A Winter Forage System, Taryn Romanczak

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Currently there are no means to accurately predict intake in grazing animals. Two experiments were conducted to determine and validate the use of intake markers in grazing ruminants as well as to compare performance of steers in winter forage systems. Six Angus-Hereford steers were halter and fecal harness broke. Entities commonly found in forages and used as markers were evaluated. Experiment 1 was conducted during the summer 2004, at the West Virginia University Livestock Farm, using animals in a confined area. Steers were fed timothy or orchardgrass hay chopped to fine or coarse lengths. Experiment 2 was conducted at the …

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Staten Island Ferry Emissions Reduction, John Nuszkowski Aug 2005

Staten Island Ferry Emissions Reduction, John Nuszkowski

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Marine diesel engines are being investigated thoroughly since many engines in these vessels incorporate older technology that may not have been subjected to emissions regulations and hence produce a significant amount of pollution. The Staten Island Ferry Alice Austen was fitted with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology to reduce the emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) to offset the dredging equipment emissions from the Harbor Deepening project. Data logging showed a repeatable route of vessel operation including an idle, acceleration, cruise, and maneuvering mode combined with vessel direction. The SCR system provided 34-64% NOx reduction for a round trip with …

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Vertical Stiffness Characterization Of A Geocomposite Drainage Layer For Pcc Highway Pavements, Joseph G. Sweet Aug 2005

Vertical Stiffness Characterization Of A Geocomposite Drainage Layer For Pcc Highway Pavements, Joseph G. Sweet

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

One method for providing proper drainage for Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) highway pavement systems could be incorporating a geocomposite which creates a thin layer of voids through which water can flow. This research was done to develop a method for accounting for such a material during the thickness design of the PCC pavement. A theoretical method for predicting the results of field plate bearing tests of a soil system was adapted to include a geocomposite. Also, the vertical stiffness behavior of a particular geocomposite was characterized in the laboratory via uniaxial compression and cyclic fatigue tests. The validity of the …

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Response Of Clonal Genotypes Of Juncus Effusus L. To Different Environmental Regimes, Daniel Benjamin Stover Aug 2005

Response Of Clonal Genotypes Of Juncus Effusus L. To Different Environmental Regimes, Daniel Benjamin Stover

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A genetic tradeoff is hypothesized between resource use efficiency (RUE) and resource acquisition rate (RAR) in that it is impossible for selection to maximize both traits. In low-resource environments, RUE is expected to be favored while in high-resource environments RAR will be maximized. Growth rates and allocations of reciprocally transplanted clonal genotypes of J. effusus from differing nitrogen and elevation sites were examined. High-nitrogen populations outperformed their low-nitrogen counterparts, which were more nitrogen efficient. Plants originating from high-elevation sites grew larger irrespective of transplant environment. Elevation appears to be the dominant factor on biomass, nutrient allocation and growth at high …

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The Biological Control Potential Of Cryphonectria Parasitica Strains Containing An Infectious Cdna Copy Of Hypovirus Chv1-Euro7, William R. Rittenour Aug 2005

The Biological Control Potential Of Cryphonectria Parasitica Strains Containing An Infectious Cdna Copy Of Hypovirus Chv1-Euro7, William R. Rittenour

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Transmissible hypovirulence has not become established in most areas of North America as it has in Europe where it has been associated with increased biological control of chestnut blight. Transgenic strains of Cryphonectria parasitica provide several mechanisms that may improve biological control. This study was designed to evaluate whether transgenic C. parasitica strains containing a cDNA transgene encoding the viral genome of CHV1-Euro7 show greater potential to biologically control blight than their cytoplasmically infected counterparts. Three treatments were employed that compared: transgenic hypovirulent strains (TG), cytoplasmic hypovirulent strains (CH), and virulent strains (V). Two types of cankers were initiated in …

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The Effectiveness Of Valdecoxib On Post-Endodontic Pain, Lora Beth Ford Aug 2005

The Effectiveness Of Valdecoxib On Post-Endodontic Pain, Lora Beth Ford

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Pain is often associated with teeth that need endodontic therapy. This pain results from inflammation. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs are useful in managing acute post-operative dental pain. NSAIDS specific for only blocking the COX-2 enzyme cause less stomach irritation and bleeding. The purpose of this clinical study was to determine if pre-operative administration of valdecoxib would significantly reduce post-endodontic pain, when compared to ibuprofen. Sixteen patients were evaluated. The patients consented to a random, one-time, pre-operative oral administration of either 600 mg ibuprofen or 20 mg valdecoxib. Each patient rated their pain on a visual analog scale at initial, immediately after, …

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