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A Study Of Ion Acceleration, Asymmetric Optical Pumping And Low Frequency Waves In Two Expanding Helicon Plasmas, Xuan Sun Dec 2005

A Study Of Ion Acceleration, Asymmetric Optical Pumping And Low Frequency Waves In Two Expanding Helicon Plasmas, Xuan Sun

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This work concerns measurements of parallel ion flow, optical pumping, and low frequency waves in expanding plasmas generated by two different helicon plasma sources. The measurements confirm numerical predictions of the formation of a current-free double layer in a region of diverging magnetic field. With laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), the double layer structure in both helicon plasma sources was investigated through measurements of the bulk parallel ion flow speed. Both double layers have a total potential drop of 3-4 kTe and length scales smaller than ion-neutral mean-free-path. A stronger double layer, with a potential drop of ∼ 6kTe , was created …

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An Ecological Study Of Panax Quinquefolius In Central Appalachia: Seedling Growth, Harvest Impacts And Geographic Variation In Demography, Martha E. Van Der Voort Dec 2005

An Ecological Study Of Panax Quinquefolius In Central Appalachia: Seedling Growth, Harvest Impacts And Geographic Variation In Demography, Martha E. Van Der Voort

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is a long-lived, slow-maturing understory perennial herb found in eastern North American forests. The economic value of P. quinquefolius on the world market has remained strong for nearly 300 years. It has high economic and social value in the central Appalachians as well. Persistent harvest of ginseng combined with habitat loss has reduced populations in the wild, threatening the future of the species and its continued harvest. American ginseng was placed on the CITES Appendix II list in 1973 due to population declines. These concerns led to a series of studies investigating the population dynamics …

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Automated Dental Identification: A Micro-Macro Decision-Making Approach, Diaa Eldin M. Nassar Dec 2005

Automated Dental Identification: A Micro-Macro Decision-Making Approach, Diaa Eldin M. Nassar

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Identification of deceased individuals based on dental characteristics is receiving increased attention, especially with the large volume of victims encountered in mass disasters. In this work we consider three important problems in automated dental identification beyond the basic approach of tooth-to-tooth matching.;The first problem is on automatic classification of teeth into incisors, canines, premolars and molars as part of creating a data structure that guides tooth-to-tooth matching, thus avoiding illogical comparisons that inefficiently consume the limited computational resources and may also mislead the decision-making. We tackle this problem using principal component analysis and string matching techniques. We reconstruct the segmented …

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Effectiveness Of The "Common" Method In Balancing Exhaust Ventilation Systems, Vivek Balasubramanian Dec 2005

Effectiveness Of The "Common" Method In Balancing Exhaust Ventilation Systems, Vivek Balasubramanian

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Dampers are used to adjust the distribution of airflows in duct systems. The "common"(i.e., most commonly used) method is to adjust each damper in turn so that the airflow through its branch equals the desired level. Typically, the airflow through each branch duct is estimated from the centerline velocity pressure. To test the effectiveness of that approach, dampers were adjusted on a seven branch, full-sized experimental duct system. After adjusting the dampers for a given condition, the percent excess airflow (%Qexcess) for the system was estimated as the amount above the ideal fan airflow that would exist if the fan …

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Ozone Forming Potential Of Exhaust Emissions From Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines, Ravi Kaklasaria Dec 2005

Ozone Forming Potential Of Exhaust Emissions From Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines, Ravi Kaklasaria

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This research aimed at determining the effect of exhaust aftertreatment devices and ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel on the reactivity of exhaust emissions from heavy duty diesel (HDD) engines. Specifically, the objective of this research was to determine the effect of two diesel particulate filters: Engelhard DPX(TM) and Johnson Matthey CRT(TM), and two ULSD fuels, ECD and ECD1 on the ozone forming potential (OFP) of exhaust emissions from HDD engines. To achieve this objective, data was obtained from the "ECD Study" performed in the Spring 2001 to chemically characterize emissions from trucks and buses operating on the two test …

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Carbon Fuels For The Direct Carbon Fuel Cell, Abha Saddawi Dec 2005

Carbon Fuels For The Direct Carbon Fuel Cell, Abha Saddawi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This research focuses on using the U.S.' abundant coal reserves to create carbon fuels for the production of energy in a very efficient and environmentally friendly manner via the use of a Direct Carbon Fuel Cell (DCFC). This cell utilizes a process by which carbon is electrochemically converted directly to electricity, allowing theoretical cell efficiency to approach 80%. Using carbon made from the solvent extraction of coal eliminates most of the volatiles, ash, and sulfur from the fuel while most of the remaining NOX, sulfur, and fly-ash byproducts are captured by the cell itself. The aim of this project is …

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America And China: Cultural Differences In Online Learning Motivation, Zongxiang Mei Dec 2005

America And China: Cultural Differences In Online Learning Motivation, Zongxiang Mei

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

There are learning motivation differences among students from different countries. And differences between American and Korean online learners were identified. This study was to identify whether American and Chinese online learners' motivation differed and what were the learner characteristics that affected the motivation of online learners. This study was conducted in May-June, 2005, West Virginia University, the United States of America, and Fudan University, China. Findings revealed that there was a significant difference in learning motivation between the U.S. and Chinese online learners. And there were some learner characteristics affected the learning motivation of online learners as well, such as …

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The Usa Patriot Act And Civil Liberties: The Media's Response, M. Ann Bergstrom Dec 2005

The Usa Patriot Act And Civil Liberties: The Media's Response, M. Ann Bergstrom

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In the wake of terrorist attacks in New York and Washington on September 11, 2001, the United States government hurriedly passed the USA PATRIOT Act. This legislation gives the Executive Branch sweeping new powers that could undermine the Bill of Rights and violate civil liberties in the name of national security. The media itself is protected by the First Amendment right to a free press and relies on other civil rights as well. This study is an attempt to gauge the print media's response to the Act by examining newspaper editorials about the PATRIOT Act since 2001 and determining their …

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Non-Ideal Iris Recognition, Vivekanand Dorairaj Dec 2005

Non-Ideal Iris Recognition, Vivekanand Dorairaj

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Of the many biometrics that exist, iris recognition is finding more attention than any other due to its potential for improved accuracy, permanence, and acceptance. Current iris recognition systems operate on frontal view images of good quality. Due to the small area of the iris, user co-operation is required. In this work, a new system capable of processing iris images which are not necessarily in frontal view is described. This overcomes one of the major hurdles with current iris recognition systems and enhances user convenience and accuracy. The proposed system is designed to operate in two steps: (i) preprocessing and …

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Assessment Of Application, Effectiveness, And Compliance Of Forestry Best Management Practices In West Virginia, William A. Goff Dec 2005

Assessment Of Application, Effectiveness, And Compliance Of Forestry Best Management Practices In West Virginia, William A. Goff

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The application, effectiveness, and compliance of forestry best management practices (BMPs) were assessed based on 116 randomly selected sites harvested between November 2003 and March 2004 in West Virginia. Landowners were contacted to gain permission for site visits according to the random list. The landowners were also asked a series of questions to identify their knowledge and satisfaction about the harvest and BMPs. A series of eight checklists were used to assess 26 BMPs on haul roads, skid trails, landings, and in streamside management zones (SMZs). Thirty three out of 116 sites with SMZs were further evaluated for BMP applications …

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Modeling And Control Of A Small Glass Furnace, Andrea R. Holladay Dec 2005

Modeling And Control Of A Small Glass Furnace, Andrea R. Holladay

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Most control systems currently used for glass furnaces monitor temperature with a thermocouple placed in the crown of the furnace and adjust the flow rate of the fuel to maintain a set point. The temperature measured is much closer to that of the combustion gasses within the furnace rather than the temperature of the glass. Models that predict the temperature of the glass are available in the form of complicated Computational Fluid Dynamics packages that are cost prohibitive to companies with small profit margins.;In this work, a simplified mathematical model has been developed to represent the dynamic performance of a …

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Optical Detection Of Multiple Faults Of A Mems Based Linear Comb Resonator, Lakshmi Deepasree Konduparthi Dec 2005

Optical Detection Of Multiple Faults Of A Mems Based Linear Comb Resonator, Lakshmi Deepasree Konduparthi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Investigating the dynamic behavior of any Micro Electro Mechanical system is critical for better control and fault prediction. Linear Comb Resonator is one such MEMS generic device that exhibits motion parallel to the plane of the chip. The dynamic motion of the Linear Comb Resonator is characterized by various parameters such as mass, force applied and also the stiffness constant of the flexure that holds the device. The aim of the project is to determine the changes caused by the asymmetry in the flexure design and the fluctuations in the behavior of the resonator due to this. The changes in …

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Computer Aided Detection Of Defects In Frp Bridge Decks Using Infrared Thermography, Gajanan M. Lonkar Dec 2005

Computer Aided Detection Of Defects In Frp Bridge Decks Using Infrared Thermography, Gajanan M. Lonkar

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The objective of this research is to develop a turn-key system that is able to interface with the FLIR ThermaCAM S60 infrared camera and automatically capture and analyze defects in infrared images of FRP bridge decks. Infrared thermography is one of the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques that are being used to locate defects (debonds and delaminations) in bridge components. It is a rapid data collection and interpretation technique having high sensitivity and reliability. Analysis of infrared images by human interpretation is dependent on the users knowledge and hence introduces ambiguity in the defect detection process.;This thesis investigates the use of …

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Error And Attack Tolerance Of Complex Real Networks, Vamsi Salla Dec 2005

Error And Attack Tolerance Of Complex Real Networks, Vamsi Salla

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Real networks are often subjected to failures and attacks. Real networks are found to be robust to errors and vulnerable to attacks. This behavior of real networks is attributed to their non-homogeneous degree distribution. Non-homogenous networks are also known as scale free networks. Real networks along with the scale free property show high modularity.;Many network models have been proposed to model real networks. Erdos-Renyi Random network model is the first attempt, but fails to incorporate both properties - scale free as well as the high modularity of the real networks. Small world model shows high clustering but lacks non-homogeneous distribution. …

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Prosody In Text-To-Speech Synthesis Using Fuzzy Logic, Jonathan Brent Williams Dec 2005

Prosody In Text-To-Speech Synthesis Using Fuzzy Logic, Jonathan Brent Williams

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

For over a thousand years, inventors, scientists and researchers have tried to reproduce human speech. Today, the quality of synthesized speech is not equivalent to the quality of real speech. Most research on speech synthesis focuses on improving the quality of the speech produced by Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems. The best TTS systems use unit selection-based concatenation to synthesize speech. However, this method is very timely and the speech database is very large. Diphone concatenated synthesized speech requires less memory, but sounds robotic. This thesis explores the use of fuzzy logic to make diphone concatenated speech sound more natural. A TTS …

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Three Essays On International Trade And Factor Flows, Ryo Takashima Dec 2005

Three Essays On International Trade And Factor Flows, Ryo Takashima

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The dissertation aims to help us understand the economic mechanism of and the impacts of international trade and factor flows. It comprises three essays, each of which focuses a separate aspect of trade and factor flows.;First essay illuminates the issue of trade policy and illegal immigration in a rigorous theoretical analysis. We emphasize the presence of interrelationship between trade policy and illegal immigration by employing so called the Mead model. First, we present how trade policy influences the amount of illegal immigration. Second, we analyze the economic welfare of complete free trade by incorporating illegal immigration. Third, we illustrate the …

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Stability Monitoring And Analysis Of Online Learning Neural Networks, Sampath Yerramalla Dec 2005

Stability Monitoring And Analysis Of Online Learning Neural Networks, Sampath Yerramalla

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

On-line adaptation using soft-computational learning methods is on the rise for use in safety-critical applications such as fault-tolerant flight control, maintenance of distributed networks, implementation of high security devices, etc. The inapplicability of traditional analysis methods is limiting the wider use of soft-computational learning methods in safety-critical applications that involve online adaptation. The focus of the research is the development of non-conventional analysis techniques for the testing, verification, validation and analysis of adaptive learning components such as the online learning neural networks.;Our research considers stability of online adaptation as a heuristic measure of correctness in the operation of the adaptive …

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Economic Evaluation Of Prophylactic Antiemetic Regimens For Prevention Of Chemotherapy -Induced Nausea And Vomiting (Cinv), Reema R. Mody Dec 2005

Economic Evaluation Of Prophylactic Antiemetic Regimens For Prevention Of Chemotherapy -Induced Nausea And Vomiting (Cinv), Reema R. Mody

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

New antiemetic agents, aprepitant and palonosetron have been approved for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). The objectives of the two phases of the study were: (1) to conduct cost-effectiveness analysis of antiemetic regimens for prevention of CINV in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) and in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) using decision models, and (2) to determine the monetary value of improved emesis control and conduct cost-benefit analysis of the new antiemetic regimens. Regimen A, one of the four antiemetic strategies included in the HEC decision model was a combination of aprepitant and the standard regimen …

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A Form Of Two-Phase Sampling Utilizing Regression Analysis, Michael Allen Fiery Jr. Dec 2005

A Form Of Two-Phase Sampling Utilizing Regression Analysis, Michael Allen Fiery Jr.

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A two-phase sampling technique was introduced and tested where sawlog heights were measured on intensive (second phase) points and predicted on non-intensive (first phase) points. Regression analysis is used to predict heights on first phase points in order to achieve an estimate of volume for every point. Results indicate an improved estimate of both mean volume per acre and volume per acre by species when compared to traditional double sampling. An unbiased sampling error was also achieved in this process. Datasets consisted of mostly hardwood species from West Virginia and Maryland.

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A Detailed Sequential Extraction Study Of Selenium In Coal And Coal-Associated Strata From A Coal Mine In West Virginia, Mimi Roy Dec 2005

A Detailed Sequential Extraction Study Of Selenium In Coal And Coal-Associated Strata From A Coal Mine In West Virginia, Mimi Roy

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study of the mode of occurrence and distribution of selenium in a rock core from southcentral West Virginia reveals that total selenium concentration varies by rock type. Rocks with total selenium >1 mg/kg were of circum-neutral pH based on acid base accounting data. No direct correlation was found between selenium concentration in the rocks and that of sulfur and/or total organic carbon. The distribution of total selenium was also controlled by stratigraphy. The amount of total selenium extracted from various rock types like coal, shale, sandstone, mudstone and "carbolith" materials ranged from 50%. Selenium extracted from coal was mostly …

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Isolation And Preparation Of Naturally Occurring Aluminum Ligands Using Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography For Analysis By Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry, Carson Baldwin Dec 2005

Isolation And Preparation Of Naturally Occurring Aluminum Ligands Using Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography For Analysis By Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry, Carson Baldwin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Typically, Al3+ is bound to minerals, but its toxicity towards vascular plants increases with increasing soil acidity. Ectomycorrhizal fungi often confer Al3+ resistance to host plants by unknown mechanisms. The objective of this research was to develop a method for the successful separation of Al3+ binding fungal exudates produced by the fungus Pisolithus tinctorius. A novel Al3+ immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) technique was developed to extract exudates involved in Al3+ binding. Recovery of exudates from the IMAC column was dependent on elutor type and pH, with ammonium hydroxide being most effective. Exudates exhibited strong binding with Al3+, allowing their …

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Combinatory Effects Of The Bioflavonoid Apigenin With Chemotherapeutic Drugs On Prostate, Colon, And Lung Cancer Cell Lines, Lesly Anne J. Lopez Dec 2005

Combinatory Effects Of The Bioflavonoid Apigenin With Chemotherapeutic Drugs On Prostate, Colon, And Lung Cancer Cell Lines, Lesly Anne J. Lopez

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Lung, prostate, and colon cancer are among the most commonly diagnosed cancers in Americans. Current chemotherapeutic regimens generally have toxic side effects leading to the death of normal cells. Polyphenols are naturally occurring compounds that can be found in fruits, vegetables and herbs. Apigenin is a polyphenolic compound that has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, apigenin was shown to inhibit the proliferation of several cancer cell lines. The combination of 15 uM apigenin and the chemotherapeutic drugs including doxorubicin, etoposide, mitomycin C, and 5-fluorouracil significantly decreased (P<0.05) the IC50 to inhibit the proliferation of prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and DU-145 more than the chemotherapeutic drugs alone. Similarly, the addition of apigenin greatly enhanced the sensitivity of colon cancer cell lines HCT-116 and colo-205 and lung cancer lines A549 and H460 to doxorubicin, mitomycin C, 5-fluorouracil, and cisplatin. We analyzed sensitivity via cell death and cell proliferation assays.

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Towards Large Eddy Simulation Of Dispersed Gas -Liquid Two-Phase Turbulent Flows, Gusheng Hu Dec 2005

Towards Large Eddy Simulation Of Dispersed Gas -Liquid Two-Phase Turbulent Flows, Gusheng Hu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study presents a detailed investigation of all essential components of computational and modeling issues necessary for a successful large-eddy simulation (LES) of dispersed two-phase turbulent flows. In particular, a two-layer concept is proposed to enable the LES capability in two-phase flows involving dispersed bubbles that are relatively large compared to the mesh size. The work comprises three major parts.;Part I focuses on the development and verification of a transient, three-dimensional, finite-volume-method (FVM) based accurate Navier-Stokes solver, named DREAM II (second generation of the DREAM code). Several high-order schemes are implemented for both the spatial and temporal discretization. Solution of …

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The Stability Of The Iodate -Arsenous Acid Reaction Front While Advected By Poiseuille Flow, Robert S. Spangler Dec 2005

The Stability Of The Iodate -Arsenous Acid Reaction Front While Advected By Poiseuille Flow, Robert S. Spangler

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The competition between stabilizing and destabilizing effects is a motif that occurs in every aspect of the human experience. The coupling between the dynamics of chemical reactions and fluids offers a fruitful context in which to examine the patterns that arise in the presence of this competition.;The upward-propagating iodate-arsenous acid front is an example of a system in constant struggle. As it moves upward, it leaves a reacted solution of lesser density behind (and below) it. The system is thus subjected to a Raleigh-Taylor-like instability. On the other hand, the well understood (experimentally and theoretically) relationship between the front speed …

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The Use Of Charge -Charge Correlation In Impedance Measurements: A Test Of The Epet Method, Christopher W. Gregory Dec 2005

The Use Of Charge -Charge Correlation In Impedance Measurements: A Test Of The Epet Method, Christopher W. Gregory

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

It is well known that biological tissues possess impedance properties that might be useful in medical diagnostics and treatment. Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) images internal electrical properties by using numerical methods to solve Laplace's differential equation. The indirect reconstruction method (IRM), a common method in application, predicts internal electrical property distribution by iteratively computing a forward and inverse solution. This approach reduces the non-linear Laplace's equation into a poorly conditioned series of linear equations, which are solved simultaneously. This method suffers from high computational effort and is susceptible to prediction errors that stem from measurement noise.;As an alternative to Laplace's …

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Handcuffed Hegemony: International Restraint In Unbalanced Systems, Mark E. Schaefer Dec 2005

Handcuffed Hegemony: International Restraint In Unbalanced Systems, Mark E. Schaefer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This work contends that the current systemic view of hegemonic systems is incorrect. On one hand hegemonic actors are conceptualized as omnipotent actors that can mold the system to best reflect its goals. Still, others illustrate that such unipolar systems can never be achieved, or at best exist for a short time as other powers move to rebalance the international system. Mearsheimer illustrates a more realistic approach, that unbalanced multipolar systems can exist, in which a larger state is present in a traditional multipolar system, not a traditional vertical authority structure. He contends that such a system is transient, for …

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A Qualitative Study Of Pre -Service Teachers Using Co -Teaching As A Method To Understand Scientific Process Skills To Teach *Inquiry, Jennifer Carter Mccain Dec 2005

A Qualitative Study Of Pre -Service Teachers Using Co -Teaching As A Method To Understand Scientific Process Skills To Teach *Inquiry, Jennifer Carter Mccain

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The National Science Education Standards (NSES) have established scientific literacy as a goal for all students. The goals advocate scientific inquiry as an instructional strategy to be used in the classroom, and standards of inquiry have even been established. At the same time, co-teaching has become prevalent in classroom as regular education teachers work with special education teachers. The classrooms are inclusive and both teachers are to work together to benefit all the students. Research has shown positive perceptions and negative perceptions of co-teaching. In this study, pre-service teachers are co-taught an elementary science methods course at a medium-sized university. …

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Perception Of Safety And Usability Of Powered Hand Tools, Mun-Su Seol Aug 2005

Perception Of Safety And Usability Of Powered Hand Tools, Mun-Su Seol

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The objective of this research was to identify the relationship between powered hand tool design features and risk and usability perception. The general goal of this research was to provide information that will help in the design of tools that do not create inaccurate impressions of safety or usability.;Safety and usability perception evaluations were conducted to identify which factors influence on user's safety and usability perception. Orthogonal view images of three categories of powered hand tools were developed and deployed at the web for their evaluation. One hundred and one subjects participated in this research. The estimated injury data (2001 …

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Propagation And Field Assessment Of West Virginia Native Species For Roadside Revegetation, Sarah B. Wennerberg Aug 2005

Propagation And Field Assessment Of West Virginia Native Species For Roadside Revegetation, Sarah B. Wennerberg

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Road construction removes vegetation from roadside slopes, making them susceptible to erosion and non-native plant introductions. Erosion Sediment Control (ESC) practices can reduce the annual loss of soil by as much as 100 cubic yards per acre and be cost beneficial. ESC includes using plant species that can germinate and survive on reconstructed areas. In West Virginia, the Division of Highways (WVDoH), uses plant species that are not native, and sometimes invasive, to revegetate newly constructed roadsides. This activity contributes to the growing problem of increased non-native and invasive species in our landscape.;This research investigated the potential use of five …

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Palladium And Nickel Interactions With Stepped 6h-Silicon Carbide, Andrew A. Woodworth Aug 2005

Palladium And Nickel Interactions With Stepped 6h-Silicon Carbide, Andrew A. Woodworth

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Silicon carbide (SiC) has long been recognized as a semiconductor with potential for use in a number of demanding environments. Recent developments in the quality of bulk grown 6H-SiC (and other hexagonal poly-types) have increased interest in issues surrounding the stability of device structures that operate at temperatures in excess of 600°C. It has been observed that the performance of metal-semiconductor devices created on SiC tend to degrade when operating at these temperatures. This change in device performance has been linked to inter-diffusion and reaction at the metal-semiconductor interface. Most of these devices have been fabricated on SiC substrates with …

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