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The State, Ecology, And Society In Western Kenya: Politics Of Soil Conservation And Land Management In Vihiga 1930-1950., Martin Shidende Shanguhyia
The State, Ecology, And Society In Western Kenya: Politics Of Soil Conservation And Land Management In Vihiga 1930-1950., Martin Shidende Shanguhyia
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study focuses on the conflict that emerged in the 1930s and 1940s between the British colonial government officials and the African farmers in Vihiga, Western Kenya, over approaches to land management. The colonial state was more than convinced that unprecedented soil erosion in most of the African reserves across the Colony was to blame for much of the social and economic problems that those areas were experiencing. Vihiga, the leading producer of maize in the Colony, was not spared such concerns, hence increased state intervention in this area’s agricultural production and land management processes. Vihiga offered a special place …
George Crumb's "Pastoral Drone": Analysis And Pedagogical Recommendations., Krista A. Shinew
George Crumb's "Pastoral Drone": Analysis And Pedagogical Recommendations., Krista A. Shinew
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study demonstrates that though Pastoral Drone is Crumb's only foray into the solo organ repertoire it still demonstrates the characteristic traits found in his other compositions and should be a vital piece in a graded repertoire. A detailed analysis of the work illustrates that prime numbers, texture, and timbre all contribute to delineating the form of Pastoral Drone. The paper details the pedagogical benefits to including Pastoral Drone in the repertoire of maturing organists. There are also suggestions for modified organ registrations that not only allow for a more successful performance of Pastoral Drone, but also encourage young organists …
Nondestructive Evaluation Of Frp Wrapped Concrete Cylinders Using Infrared Thermography And Ground Penetrating Radar, Shasanka Shekhar Dutta
Nondestructive Evaluation Of Frp Wrapped Concrete Cylinders Using Infrared Thermography And Ground Penetrating Radar, Shasanka Shekhar Dutta
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The objectives of this research are: (a) to investigate the feasibility of using Infrared Thermography (IRT) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) for detecting debonds in Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) wrapped columns, and (b) to study the effect of the debonds on reduction in compressive strength of FRP wrapped columns.;All laboratory tests were conducted on concrete cylinders of size 6" x 12" (152.4 mm x 304.8 mm) in which air-filled and water-filled debonds of various sizes were inserted. Air-filled debonds were made by cutting plastic sheets into the desired sizes whereas water-filled debonds were made by injecting water in custom made …
Determining Low Permeability Formation Properties From Absolute Open Flow Potential, Fatemeh Belyadi
Determining Low Permeability Formation Properties From Absolute Open Flow Potential, Fatemeh Belyadi
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Absolute Open Flow Potential (AOFP) is often the only productivity information available from low permeability gas formations particularly in the Appalachian Basin. Absolute Open Flow Potential (AOFP) is commonly evaluated through a single point test due to its cost effectiveness. In low permeability reservoirs, the time required for obtaining stabilized flow rate is often very long. Therefore, stabilized AOFP may not be achieved in short tests. Furthermore, most low permeability gas wells are hydraulically fractured to improve their productivity. Therefore, the post-fracture measured AOFP could be significantly influenced by fracture properties.;The objective of this was to develop a methodology to …
Alumina Waveguide Characterization And Sparrow Biosensor Modeling, Pavan Kumar Samudrala
Alumina Waveguide Characterization And Sparrow Biosensor Modeling, Pavan Kumar Samudrala
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Sensors based on evanescent wave techniques have the potential to detect minute change in refractive index arising from surface modifications. The biosensor device architecture evaluated in this work is the SPARROW (Stacked Planar Affinity Regulated Resonant Optical Waveguide) structure. This architecture can operate as a biosensor through the change in the coupled optical power resulted from antigen bonding to the bio-layer. Its stacked film arrangement with no lateral patterning offers a potentially less complex structure for fabrication. This thesis describes the process developed to optically characterize the alumina waveguides of the SPARROW device and investigates waveguide film quality as a …
Manufacturing, Testing, And Evaluation Of Structural Products With Recycled Polymers, Santosh Amarnath Varthakavi
Manufacturing, Testing, And Evaluation Of Structural Products With Recycled Polymers, Santosh Amarnath Varthakavi
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Use of recycled plastics started gaining momentum in the U.S. in 1980s due to growing environmental concerns and decreasing landfill capacities. Thermoplastics make up to 80% of the plastics produced today and are widely used in consumer, automotive, and electronic industries. Recycled plastics are being researched and employed for several non-structural and limited structural applications. However, their widespread usage will depend on developing mass manufacturing techniques, value added structural products, and cost effective processing methods. This study focuses on developing and evaluating several structural products such as rectangular grids, rectangular ribbed panels, hexagonal ribbed panels, signposts, signboards, and window panels …
Three Essays On Banks' Relative Efficiency, Jorge Guillen
Three Essays On Banks' Relative Efficiency, Jorge Guillen
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Three separate studies are conducted regarding banks' relative efficiency. Previous to start with the development of the studies, we review the situation before and after the enactment of the Riegle Neal's. This act restricts banks from opening branches in another state. The Riegle Neal act ended up the era of state branching deregulation which started in 1970. A discussion between proponents and opponents of branching deregulation is presented. A debate between bank's efficiency and concentration before Riegle Neal is introduced in the chapter.;The first essay found in chapter 2, develops a theoretical model of spatial competition between banks. Two different …
Stratigraphic And Structural Analysis Of The J1 Sandstone, Scotts Bluff Trend, Scotts Bluff And Morrill Counties, Nebraska, Jeremy M. Wolpert
Stratigraphic And Structural Analysis Of The J1 Sandstone, Scotts Bluff Trend, Scotts Bluff And Morrill Counties, Nebraska, Jeremy M. Wolpert
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Scotts Bluff Trend is a group of 10 oil fields that produce from the Cretaceous J Sandstone. Production was previously thought to be aligned along this trend due to structural influence.;For this study well logs were utilized in analyzing structural and stratigraphic elements, as well as hydrocarbon predictability. The Scotts Bluff Trend appears to sit upon a residual structural high. A comprehensive look reveals that stratigraphic influence is superimposed on the structural high.;J1 Sandstone reservoirs were mapped assuming a NW--SE depositional trend. Deposition was in a shallow-marine bar environment. Central-bar, bar-margin and interbar facies are recognized which interfinger laterally into …
Modulation Of Gene Expression And Dna Adduct Formation By Chlorophyllin In Human Mammary Cells Exposed To Benzopyrenes, Kaarthik John
Modulation Of Gene Expression And Dna Adduct Formation By Chlorophyllin In Human Mammary Cells Exposed To Benzopyrenes, Kaarthik John
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study investigated metabolic activation by benzopyrenes (BP and B[e]P) in human mammary cells and modulation by chlorophyllin (CHL, a chemopreventive agent). Among 6 NHMEC strains monitored using microarrays, 54 genes were up-regulated and 11 down-regulated by signal log ratio (SLR) ≥ 1.5 on treatment with BP alone. Pre CHL + post BP+CHL treatment up-regulated the expression of 129 genes and down-regulated those of 35 genes by SLR ≥ 1.5. Studies on CYP1 gene induction and BP-DNA adduct formation among 20 NHMECs revealed wide inter-individual variations both in the induction (3-96-fold for CYP1A1 and 4-43-fold for CYP1B1, respectively) and modulation …
Conduct Disorder And Future Substance Abuse: Factors Affecting Drug Treatment Outcome, Matthew E. Goldfine
Conduct Disorder And Future Substance Abuse: Factors Affecting Drug Treatment Outcome, Matthew E. Goldfine
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Prior research has demonstrated a relation between Conduct Disorder (CD), its severity (total number of symptoms), and substance use disorder (SUD). The current study examined 105 opioid dependent adults for a history of CD and treatment outcome characteristics over a 16 week SUD treatment program. Results demonstrate the effects of CD in regards to poorer improvement of summed Addiction Severity Index composite scores and amphetamine use. Improvement in cocaine use was found to be associated with a CD diagnosis. CD severity was found to lead to poorer improvement as measured by psychiatric impairment and alcohol intoxication. However, participants with increased …
Assessment And Evaluation Of Noise Controls On Roof Bolting Equipment And A Method For Predicting Sound Pressure Levels In Underground Coal Mining, Rudy J. Matetic
Assessment And Evaluation Of Noise Controls On Roof Bolting Equipment And A Method For Predicting Sound Pressure Levels In Underground Coal Mining, Rudy J. Matetic
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Over-exposure to noise remains a widespread and serious health hazard in the U.S. mining industries despite 25 years of regulation. Every day, 80% of the nation's miners go to work in an environment where the time weighted average (TWA) noise level exceeds 85 dBA and more than 25% of the miners are exposed to a TWA noise level that exceeds 90 dBA, the permissible exposure limit (PEL). Additionally, MSHA coal noise sample data collected from 2000 to 2002 show that 65% of the equipment whose operators exceeded 100% noise dosage comprise only seven different types of machines; auger miners, bulldozers, …
Perspectives Of 12th Grade Students, Their Families, And School Officials Related To Affordability And Accessibility Of The West Virginia Promise Scholarship Program At Logan High School, Craig S. Mcclellan
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
With only 14% of West Virginia's population over 25 years old possessing a bachelor's degree, the lack of a skilled workforce often thwarted state legislators' attempts to attract new industry to the state's struggling economy. To address workforce qualification concerns, state educational stakeholders implemented a merit-based scholarship program with average requirements in 2002. The West Virginia PROMISE (Providing Real Opportunities for Maximizing In-state Student Excellence) Scholarship Program goals include encouraging high school students to work harder, and to entice more graduates to attempt post-secondary work at in-state institutions.;This qualitative study was designed to discover the perceptions of five high school …
Finite Element Analysis Of Low-Profile Frp Bridge Deck (Prodeck 4), Siva Kumar Boyapati
Finite Element Analysis Of Low-Profile Frp Bridge Deck (Prodeck 4), Siva Kumar Boyapati
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
FRPs (Fiber Reinforced Polymers) are lightweight and an innovative alternative to conventional materials like steel and concrete in Structural engineering. Pultruded FRP bridge decks have many advantages compared to conventional concrete decks especially in bridge engineering. In this study a finite element model of a 4"-thick low profile FRP bridge deck made of E-glass fiber and vinyl ester resin, having a fiber volume fraction of approximately 50% and weighing about 10 lb/ft2 is developed using the finite element software ANSYS. The bridge deck modeled is subjected to a central patch load, and the finite element results such as deflections, strains …
An Evaluation Of Current West Virginia Specifications And Construction Methods Regarding The Density Of Hot Mix Asphalt, Andrew Rudolph
An Evaluation Of Current West Virginia Specifications And Construction Methods Regarding The Density Of Hot Mix Asphalt, Andrew Rudolph
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Pavement performance depends on the quality of the material, the mix design, and construction. The objectives of pavement construction are to place the material with a smooth surface, and compacted to the target density. Inadequate density permits water to enter the pavement leading to premature distress. It also can contribute to rutting as the pavement densify. A surface that is too dense is also prone to rutting.;This research evaluated methods for: measuring density, quality control, and longitudinal joint construction. Density specifications for West Virginia and surrounding states were reviewed to assess the compaction requirements for hot mix asphalt (HMA).;This research …
A Comparison Of The Relative Efficiency Of Tracking Signals In Forecast Control, Balasubramanya Krishnamurthy
A Comparison Of The Relative Efficiency Of Tracking Signals In Forecast Control, Balasubramanya Krishnamurthy
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
An important aspect of forecasting system is monitoring the process for forecast accuracy. Tracking signals test is an effective detection method for occurrence of nonrandom changes. In this research, the relative efficiency of Cumulative Sum (CUSUM), Smoothed Error, Backward CUSUM, Autocorrelation and Parabolic CUSUM tracking signals were compared according to ARL1 criterion and percentage of trips detected within N periods. For simulating response to a step, 1,000 series of demands were generated, each covering run-ins of 40 periods and 75 periods after introduction of the step. The response of tracking signals to step sizes of 1sigma, 2sigma, 3sigma and a …
An Analysis Of The Relationship Between Faculty Perception Of Administrative Support And The Faculty Perceived Levels Of Implementation Of Good Teaching Practice In Distance Education, Carol L. Fugitt
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The faculty perceptions of administrative support for distance education and best distance education teaching practice were investigated. Participants were selected from the 2004-2005 full-time distance education faculty at Kentucky Community and Technical College, n = 432. The researcher developed a self-report survey, the Good Practices Survey, as a means to collect data for the research. Research questions investigating the relationship between four independent variables and perception of good distance education teaching practices were significant indicating that faculty perceive administrative support when implementing good distance education teaching practice. Research questions investigating the relationship between faculty support, student support, and support for …
Large -Eddy Simulation Of The Effects Of Debris On Tornado Dynamics, Baiyun Gong
Large -Eddy Simulation Of The Effects Of Debris On Tornado Dynamics, Baiyun Gong
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Tornadoes are one of the most intensely violent natural phenomena, which often bring considerable damage. Debris clouds are commonly observed along the tornado path. Studying tornadoes with debris is potentially important for several reasons: particle suspension may dramatically change the structure of the carrier flow; debris clouds represent one of the primary visual signatures of a tornado; large debris loadings can significantly enhance damage potential; differences between air and debris flow can complicate interpretation of Doppler radar measurements of velocity fields.;In earlier work, debris was added to an existing high-resolution LES model using a two-fluid Eulerian-Eulerian approach. The debris cloud …
Inventory Models For Production Systems With Constant/Linear Demand, Time Value Of Money, And Perishable/Non-Perishable Items, Karen N. Oganezov
Inventory Models For Production Systems With Constant/Linear Demand, Time Value Of Money, And Perishable/Non-Perishable Items, Karen N. Oganezov
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This research considers inventory systems for economic production models where the objective is to find the optimal cycle time, which minimizes the total cost, and optimal amount of shortage if it is allowed. Several aspects such as time value of money, inflation, constant and linear demand rates, shortages, and deterioration are considered in developing different models. Closed formulas are obtained for the optimal policy in one model. For others, more complex models where closed formulas cannot be obtained, search techniques are used to find the optimal solution.;First, a deterministic inventory control problem is considered for determination of optimal production quantities …
Dynamic Model Of Circulating Fluidized Bed, Yue Huang
Dynamic Model Of Circulating Fluidized Bed, Yue Huang
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Circulating fluidized beds (CFBs) are used in many processes in the chemical industry to reduce pollution and increase efficiency. Optimization and control of CFBs are very important and require an accurate, real time, dynamic model to describe and quantify the process.;The present work focuses on modeling the transient behavior of large CFB units, whose flow characteristics were shown to yield C-shaped voidage profiles using cork as the fluidized material and air at ambient conditions.;The riser is modeled in two ways: (1) as a set of well-mixed tanks connected in series; (2) as a 1-D axisymetric cluster flow. The tanks-in-series model …
Effectiveness Of Aquatic Phytoremediation Of Nutrients Via Watercress (Nasturtium Officinale), Basil (Ocimum Basilicum), Dill (Anethum Graveolens) And Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa) From Effluent Of A Flow-Through Aquaculture Operation, Derek J. Dyer
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Effluent from the aquaculture industry is a source of nutrient loading upon water bodies nationwide. Aquaponics, the simultaneous cultivation of fish and plants, has the potential to effectively reduce nutrient concentrations through phytoremediation, with the added benefit of producing a valuable crop. The purpose of this preliminary research was to determine if watercress ( Nasturtium officinale) could be used to reduce nutrients from aquaculture effluent in sufficient concentrations to be functional as a remediation technique. Additionally, basil (Ocimum basilicum), dill (Anethum graveolens) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were correspondingly examined. Conditions which affected plant growth versus nutrient remediation were also to …
American Standard, John A. Pascarella
American Standard, John A. Pascarella
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The work included in my MFA thesis exhibition entitled " American Standard" examines our role as narrative-based individuals within the American culture. In this current body of work I use the photographic image as a director uses the medium of film (moving image). Location scouting, casting, lighting, directing, editing, and processing all become intricate parts of the work, all to lead to a single solitary frozen moment in time that I believe creates a story. Story as created not in a fictional sense, but more in the vein of creative non-fiction, as the stories I tell come from a personal …
Health -Related Quality Of Life In Multiple Sclerosis: Measurement, Predictors And Utilization In Routine Clinical Practice, Vivek S. Pawar
Health -Related Quality Of Life In Multiple Sclerosis: Measurement, Predictors And Utilization In Routine Clinical Practice, Vivek S. Pawar
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
There are a large number of patient-reported questionnaires to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). In order to make a recommendation for use in clinical practice, a comparison of their psychometric properties is necessary. In addition to accurate assessment, it is also necessary to identify factors that have a significant impact on HRQoL. Further, lack of use of HRQoL information in clinical practice warrants examination of attitudes and behavior of neurologists about HRQoL assessment and their intention to consider incorporating HRQoL information in their decision making. This study collected data from patients with MS …
A Hairy Predicament: The Problem With Long Hair In The 1960s And 1970s, Andrew Robert Herrick
A Hairy Predicament: The Problem With Long Hair In The 1960s And 1970s, Andrew Robert Herrick
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
By the mid-1970s long hair worn by much of the American youth evoked little comment and indeed was considered fashionable. But during much of the previous two decades male hair length was a contentious issue that divided the generations. The struggle over hair in many ways epitomized the sixties generation's challenge to authority and their claim to individual rights. During the era, the meaning of long hair changed dramatically from what it was during the fifties. It began as a symbol of youth culture rebellion linked to music. By the latter part of the sixties, however, it became associated with …
Interpreting Site Formation Processes Affecting Re-Emergent Cultural Sites Within Reservoirs: A Case Study Of St. Thomas, Nevada, Denyse Wyskup
Interpreting Site Formation Processes Affecting Re-Emergent Cultural Sites Within Reservoirs: A Case Study Of St. Thomas, Nevada, Denyse Wyskup
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The inundation of cultural resources due to the construction of dams as water retention mechanism is a global problem, affecting thousands of historic and prehistoric sites. Recent warming trends, in combination with increasing water usage from growing populations and urban expansion has initiated dramatic pool-level shallowing in many reservoirs, especially in the American Southwest, resulting in the re-emergence of inundated cultural sites. The "ghost town" of St. Thomas, Nevada, represents one example of a site that was impacted in this manner. This historic settlement is one of many hundreds of sites that became submerged when Boulder Dam was constructed to …
The Relationship Between Technical Support And Pedagogical Guidance Provided To Faculty And Student Satisfaction In Online Courses, Philip R. Ice
The Relationship Between Technical Support And Pedagogical Guidance Provided To Faculty And Student Satisfaction In Online Courses, Philip R. Ice
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study examined the relationship between levels of technical support and pedagogical guidance provided to faculty and student satisfaction in online courses. Online learning is a rapidly evolving area of education, yet compared to traditional face-to-face learning very little is known about pedagogical techniques and best practices. This study explores the relationships between two factors that have been demonstrated to influence faculty satisfaction, technical support and pedagogical guidance (the predictor variables), and student satisfaction (the criterion variable) in online courses. The study uses quantitative methods to determine if varying levels of predictor variable input are related to changes in the …
Sexual Objectification, Self-Objectification, Self-Efficacy, And Female Identity Development: A Preliminary Study, Kathleen Reilly Coffers
Sexual Objectification, Self-Objectification, Self-Efficacy, And Female Identity Development: A Preliminary Study, Kathleen Reilly Coffers
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Sexual and self-objectification, self-efficacy and identity status were investigated using data collected from undergraduate and graduate classes from West Virginia University. Subjects were 267 females, ages 18--23. The four variables were measured as follows: (a) Cultural Sexual Objectification Questionnaire, (b) Self-Objectification Questionnaire, (c) Self-Efficacy Scale and (d) Extended Version of the Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status. Cronbach's Alphas were performed on all measures with good to adequate reliabilities (.69 through .89), with the exception of the identity diffusion subscale which resulted in marginal reliability (.57). Chi-square analyses performed for sexual and self-objectification in each of the four identity statuses …
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway In Aged Skeletal Muscle: Roles Of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha And Interleukin-15, Emidio E. Pistilli
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway In Aged Skeletal Muscle: Roles Of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha And Interleukin-15, Emidio E. Pistilli
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Apoptosis is implicated in the loss of skeletal muscle mass following periods of reduced activity (i.e.-disuse) as well as during the normal aging process (i.e.-sarcopenia). Aging is also characterized by elevations in circulating cytokines, specifically TNF-alpha, which has been associated with the sarcopenic process. The specific signaling components that participate in the pro-apoptotic pathway downstream of the type I TNF receptor (i.e.-extrinsic apoptotic pathway) within skeletal muscle have not been clarified. Additionally, few studies have been performed with the aim of disrupting this apoptotic pathway, and thereby sparing muscle mass in the aged. Therefore, the purposes of this dissertation were …
Evaluation And Optimization Of Central Vision Compensation Techniques, Ahmed M. El-Sherbeeny
Evaluation And Optimization Of Central Vision Compensation Techniques, Ahmed M. El-Sherbeeny
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Non-costly, non-invasive, safe, and reliable electronic vision enhancement systems (EVES) and their methods have presented a huge medical and industrial demand in the early 21st century. Two unique, vision compensation and enhancement algorithms are reviewed and compared, qualitatively optimizing the view of a restricted (or truncated) image. The first is described as the convex or "fish-eye" technique, and the second is the "cartoon superimposition" or "Peli" technique (after the leading author for this research). The novelty in this dissertation is in presenting and analyzing both of these with a comparison to a novel technique, motivated by characterization of quality vision …
Exploring High-Quality Student Affairs Learning Outcomes Assessment Practices At Three American Research Universities, Adam S. Green
Exploring High-Quality Student Affairs Learning Outcomes Assessment Practices At Three American Research Universities, Adam S. Green
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study was conducted because limited research has occurred in the area of co-curricular student learning outcomes assessment, which has resulted in confusion within the student affairs profession on how to develop and implement assessment plans. The purpose of this study was to examine high quality assessment practices of student affairs divisions at three different research institutions in order to advance the value, usefulness, and understanding of learning outcomes assessment within the student affairs profession, so more student affairs divisions may begin assessing the co-curricular. Those student affairs divisions selected for this study represented assessment models with significant experience in …
Identifying *Assessment Practices In Undergraduate Accounting Programs, Anna L. Lusher
Identifying *Assessment Practices In Undergraduate Accounting Programs, Anna L. Lusher
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The researcher conducted a survey of 786 baccalaureate accounting programs in the United States to determine the content and structure of their assessment plans. The study focused on five essential workplace skills: critical thinking, information literacy, oral communication, problem solving, and written communication. It examined the accounting programs and related assessment plans to determine whether the identified skills were integrated into the curriculum and were identified as learning outcomes in the assessment process. The study evaluated how faculty assess students' skills and how assessment results are used to make changes in programs and to improve student learning. The research also …