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Entrepreneurship, Institutions, And The Informal Economy, Travis C. Wiseman
Entrepreneurship, Institutions, And The Informal Economy, Travis C. Wiseman
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This dissertation comprises three essays which investigate the empirical relationships between institutions (formal and informal), entrepreneurial outcomes (productive and unproductive), and shadow economy size at the U.S. state-level. Chapter 1 opens with some discussion of the topics explored here and provides an overview of important results from each of the essays. In Chapter 2, the first of the empirical essays, I focus on U.S. shadow economies, providing estimates of shadow economy size for 50 U.S. states over the period 1997 to 2008 as a foundation for analysis in the subsequent chapter. Chapter 3 focuses on the relationship between entrepreneurship, shadow …
Access To Services, Quality Of Care, And Family Impact For Caregivers Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A National Perspective Using 2009-2010 Children With Special Health Care Needs (Cshcn) Survey, Rini Vohra
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The main objective of the study was to examine health care disparities for children with autism spectrum disorders utilizing two studies.;Study 1. A cross sectional study was conducted using the 2009-2010 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (N = 18,702). Chi-square analyses and logistic regressions were performed to examine the likelihood of reporting problems with access to services, quality of care, and family impact and compared across ASD, DD (cerebral palsy, down syndrome, developmental delay, or mental retardation), MHC (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, behavioral/conduct problems, or depression) and DD & MHC (those who had both DD …
Comparison Of Two Orthodontic Sealants In Prevention Of Enamel Demineralization : An In-Vitro And In-Vivo Study, Doyoung Choi
Comparison Of Two Orthodontic Sealants In Prevention Of Enamel Demineralization : An In-Vitro And In-Vivo Study, Doyoung Choi
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Introduction: Enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets is one of the risks associated with orthodontic treatment. Among the techniques utilized to prevent demineralization, application of orthodontic sealants is widely used to provide mechanical coating and fluoride release for the underlying enamel. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy in enamel protection during fixed orthodontic treatment in-vitro and in-vivo between two orthodontic sealant products; Opal Seal (Opal Orthodontics by Ultradent, South Jordan, UT) and Pro Seal (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, IL). The null hypothesis was that there would be no significant difference in protection against enamel demineralization between …
Circuits, Perfect Matchings And Paths In Graphs, Wenliang Tang
Circuits, Perfect Matchings And Paths In Graphs, Wenliang Tang
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
We primarily consider the problem of finding a family of circuits to cover a bidgeless graph (mainly on cubic graph) with respect to a given weight function defined on the edge set. The first chapter of this thesis is going to cover all basic concepts and notations will be used and a survey of this topic.;In Chapter two, we shall pay our attention to the Strong Circuit Double Cover Conjecture (SCDC Conjecture). This conjecture was verified for some graphs with special structure. As the complement of two factor in cubic graph, the Berge-Fulkersen Conjecture was introduced right after SCDC Conjecture. …
Giving Support And Mental Health In Older Adults At Risk For Vision Impairment, Merideth Smith
Giving Support And Mental Health In Older Adults At Risk For Vision Impairment, Merideth Smith
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Physical disability and visual impairment place older adults at a doubled risk for depression and a seven-fold increased risk for death by suicide. Social interaction is one of the factors that may aid adaptation to vision impairment. Preliminary research suggests that giving support to others has a significant relation with fewer depressive symptoms, greater life satisfaction, and greater satisfaction with support received in older adults. There has been no study to date addressing the role of giving support to others in protecting against suicidal behaviors, or other factors related to suicide risk, such as reasons for living. Using a sample …
The Retreats Of Reconstruction: Race, Leisure, And The Politics Of Segregation At The New Jersey Shore, 1865--1920, David E. Goldberg
The Retreats Of Reconstruction: Race, Leisure, And The Politics Of Segregation At The New Jersey Shore, 1865--1920, David E. Goldberg
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This dissertation examines the political meanings of consumption and racial segregation in the public and commercial leisure spaces of the New Jersey shore during the Reconstruction era. Moving beyond issues of identity, racial violence, and labor disputes, I show how Jim Crow unfolded and operated in the post-Civil War North by emphasizing the importance of political economy and ideas about public health and welfare. Beginning in the 1880s, ideas about the rights and health of consumers became more important in helping shape the meanings of freedom than did the triumph of free labor ideology. The rise of mass consumption as …
Reproducibility Of Retention Indices Examining Column Type, Amanda M. Cadau
Reproducibility Of Retention Indices Examining Column Type, Amanda M. Cadau
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Requests for drug analysis accounted for nearly half of all requests (DNA, toxicology, latent prints, etc.) submitted to forensic laboratories in the United States (Storm et al., 2010). A study by RTI International found that laboratories are only capable of processing about 80% of their controlled substances requests. Based upon this statistic, an estimated 220,000 cases per year would be back-logged. Therefore, tools that can improve the process of seized drug analysis would be of use. This project addresses one such concept, the use of retention indices as a means to improve drug screening using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).;When drugs …
The Effects Of An Educational Program On Recognition Of Atypical Signs And Symptoms Of Acute Coronary Syndrome In Women In The Emergency Room, Robert E. Wynn Jr.
The Effects Of An Educational Program On Recognition Of Atypical Signs And Symptoms Of Acute Coronary Syndrome In Women In The Emergency Room, Robert E. Wynn Jr.
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
According to the American Heart Association (2010), in the United States every 36 seconds someone dies from heart and blood vessel disease. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007) estimate that one in six deaths in the US is related to coronary artery disease. When diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome, which is an acute event, resulting from CAD, appropriate treatment greatly reduces the risk of refractory ischemia, need for urgent revascularization, and death. Women are less likely to be urgently diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome, receive thrombolytic therapy, or undergo percutaneous coronary intervention than men, thereby increasing their mortality …
Three Essays On Forecasting In Nonlinear Models, Scott T. Murdoch
Three Essays On Forecasting In Nonlinear Models, Scott T. Murdoch
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Nonlinear models have many applications in the economic and financial fields. The following works focus on their use for forecasting. Neural networks, in conjunction with an Affine Term Structure Model, are used to discover possible yield curve arbitrage opportunities. A G/ARCH model is employed to test and forecast the conditional variance of state-level employment growth. A Space-Time Autoregressive (STAR) model is applied to state employment growth to ensure that any measure of volatility in the series is not misdirected as employment movements between neighboring states.
Knowledge And Awareness Of Sickle Cell Trait Among Ncaa Division I Fbs, Division I Fcs, Division Ii, And Division Iii Head Football Coaches And Strength And Conditioning Specialists, Timothy D. Yates
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the knowledge of Sickle Cell Trait among head football coaches and strength and conditioning specialists within all three NCAA Divisions. Additionally, a second purpose is to identify whether or not head football coaches and strength and conditioning specialists present awareness and confidence to provide the proper treatment and/or referral for an athlete suffering from an exercise-related event due to Sickle Cell Trait. Design: This study is a descriptive prospective questionnaire analysis of the knowledge and awareness of Sickle Cell Trait among collegiate head football coaches and strength and conditioning specialists. Results: …
Phosphorus Retention And Transformation In Floodplain Forests Of The Southeastern United States, John A. Navaratnam
Phosphorus Retention And Transformation In Floodplain Forests Of The Southeastern United States, John A. Navaratnam
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Phosphorus (P) commonly limits productivity in freshwater ecosystems; thus, increased P loading, either in dissolved (DP) or particulate (PP) form, can lead to eutrophication. The central goal of my dissertation research is to understand these biogeochemical mechanisms of P retention and transformation in rivers and streams and their associated FFs in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the southeastern US (VA, NC, SC, GA).;To assess the nature of P removal during flooding events, I conducted a detailed study of DP and PP forms (inorganic, Pi and organic, Po) in waters from alluvial (AL) and blackwater (BW) FFs. At each FF site, …
Solving For Y: Digital Soil Mapping Using Statistical Models And Improved Models Of Land Surface Geometry, Stephen M. Roecker
Solving For Y: Digital Soil Mapping Using Statistical Models And Improved Models Of Land Surface Geometry, Stephen M. Roecker
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Digital soil mapping (DSM) is a rapidly growing area of soil research that has great potential for enhancing soil survey activities and advancing knowledge of soil-landscape relationships. To date many successful studies have shown that geographic datasets can be used to model soil spatial variation. This thesis addresses two issues relevant to DSM, scale effects on digital elevation models, and predicting soil properties. The first issue examined was the effect of spatial extent on the calculation of geometric land surface parameters (LSP) (e.g. slope gradient). This is a significant issue as they represent some of the most common predictors used …
Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of The International Index Of Erectile Function (Iief-5) (Shim) Questionnaire On The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Erectile Dysfunction, Evelyn Martin
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Thirty million or 52% of males between 40 and 70 years of age in the United States have some degree of erectile dysfunction (ED) (Feldman et al., 1994; Hakim, Subit, Kandzari, & ZasLau, 2002; Tsertsvadze et al., 2009). The American Urology Association (AUA) outlines measures to slow the rate of, control, and treat ED. To decrease the prevalence, ED must be diagnosed, identified, and the major risk factors aggressively controlled. Utilization of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) may improve identification and documentation of treatment, but questions remain about how to implement CPGs in practice. The purpose of this pilot project was …
Degrees Of Disordered Eating And Perfectionism In College Students: A Comparison Of Sex And Athletic Status, Melinda K. Graham-Hinners
Degrees Of Disordered Eating And Perfectionism In College Students: A Comparison Of Sex And Athletic Status, Melinda K. Graham-Hinners
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Most research on disordered eating behaviors and body image concerns have focused on females, as females tend to have a higher prevalence of these behaviors than males; however, over the past decade there has been an increase in the number of males presenting with disordered eating behaviors. There has been a debate over whether eating disorders should be viewed as only diagnosable versus non-diagnosable or through a continuum model, with people being categorized as having a diagnosable eating disorder, disordered eating behaviors, or no eating disorder symptoms. Numerous recent studies have supported examining eating disorders from a continuum perspective. An …
Insights Into The Appalachian Basin Middle Devonian Depositional System From U-Pb Zircon Geochronology Of Volcanic Ashes In The Marcellus Shale And Onondaga Limestone, Chantella B. Parrish
Insights Into The Appalachian Basin Middle Devonian Depositional System From U-Pb Zircon Geochronology Of Volcanic Ashes In The Marcellus Shale And Onondaga Limestone, Chantella B. Parrish
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Numerous thin volcanic ash layers are found within the upper Onondaga Limestone and lower Marcellus Shale of the Appalachian basin. These ashes are believed to have been sourced from continental arc magmatism along the Acadian orogen during the Middle Devonian. Ash layers can form key stratigraphic markers, allow for geochemical analysis of parent magma, and most importantly, provide radiometric dates used in determining depositional rates and chronostratigraphic relations.;Zircons were extracted from ashes found in 8 well cores and 2 outcrops in Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Ashes range in thickness from 0.5-14 cm and are recognized by their buff color abundant …
Numerical Modeling Of Carbon Dioxide Injection At A Pilot Sequestration Site, Benjamin David Bowes
Numerical Modeling Of Carbon Dioxide Injection At A Pilot Sequestration Site, Benjamin David Bowes
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Over the past several years, lessons learned from various sequestration sites have identified deep, unmineable coal seams as favorable and profitable reservoirs for commercial carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration and long-term CO2 storage. Long-term consequences, however, have not been completely identified and understood. In order to assess the aptitude of such deep unmineable coal seams for a possible commercial sequestration site, a reservoir modeling study was performed at an ongoing Pump Canyon, NM sequestration site located in the coalbed methane (CBM) fairway region of the well-established San Juan basin. The demonstration at the Pump Canyon pilot area is a part of …
The Role Of Focal Adhesion Kinase In Nonmuscle Cell Contraction, Kimberly M. Arnold
The Role Of Focal Adhesion Kinase In Nonmuscle Cell Contraction, Kimberly M. Arnold
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Focal adhesions are specialized cell contact sites of distinct molecular composition and structure that bridge the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix and provide for efficient bidirectional transmission of biochemical and mechanical signals between the intra- and extracellular compartment. Many proteins within the focal adhesion have been discovered to be an integral component of the adhesion structure and function; however, a key molecule in the organization and physiological activity of focal adhesions is focal adhesion kinase (FAK). FAK is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that is essential for cell processes including cell migration, growth, and survival. Due to its connection between …
Towards Direct Fabrication Of Functional Patterns On Large-Area Substrates For Flexible Devices, Sean D. Cronin
Towards Direct Fabrication Of Functional Patterns On Large-Area Substrates For Flexible Devices, Sean D. Cronin
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Nowadays there is a growing interest to develop flexible devices that can be used in applications spanning from displays to energy harvesting. This is due to the potential of such devices to be integrated onto various-shaped surfaces and also to be roll-to-roll processed. However, there are still a few challenges to be tackled before their full commercialization. In particular, the direct fabrication of micro/nano-scale functional features on a large-area flexible substrate remains a critical challenge. This is because it requires both low temperature processing and precise control of the feature size.;During this study an investigation of different fabrication methods, such …
Geochemistry Of Mine Pool Discharges In The Pittsburgh Coal Basin, Timothy A. Denicola
Geochemistry Of Mine Pool Discharges In The Pittsburgh Coal Basin, Timothy A. Denicola
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Seventy-two mine water discharges from flooded underground mines of the Pittsburgh coal bed were sampled for chemistry during 2012. Statistical techniques including correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA) were utilized to evaluate geochemical relationships. The distributions of most solute concentrations are non-parametric. Strong correlations were observed between constituents of pyrite and carbonate dissolution (Fe, SO 4, Ca, Mg) as well as Na, Sr, and K. Several waters with high scores on PC1 are moderately saline with average concentrations of Na (1199 mg/L), Cl (350 mg/L), Br (1.69 mg/L), and Sr (4.13 mg/L). Waters with highly negative scores …
Baseline Water Chemistry Characterization In An Area Of Developing Shale Gas Activity, Patrick C. Eisenhauer
Baseline Water Chemistry Characterization In An Area Of Developing Shale Gas Activity, Patrick C. Eisenhauer
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The recent increase in the development of shale formations for the purpose of natural gas extraction in the mid-Atlantic, namely the Marcellus shale, can be attributed to advances in unconventional extraction methods. This includes horizontal drilling and multistage hydraulic fracturing, a process that uses water to pressurize and fracture relatively impermeable shale layers to release natural gas. In West Virginia, the U.S. Department of Energy estimates 95 to 105 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of expected ultimate recovery (EUR) of natural gas from this formation [ALL Consulting, 2010]. Increased development of unconventional shale gas formations are accompanied by concerns of potential …
Novel Techniques For Automated Dental Identification, Nourdin Al-Sherif
Novel Techniques For Automated Dental Identification, Nourdin Al-Sherif
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Automated dental identification is one of the best candidates for postmortem identification. With the large number of victims encountered in mass disasters, automating the process of postmortem identification is receiving an increased attention. This dissertation introduces new approaches for different stages of Automated Dental Identification system: These stages include segmentations, classification, labeling, and matching:;We modified the seam carving technique to adapt the problem of segmenting dental image records into individual teeth. We propose a two-stage teeth segmentation approach for segmenting the dental images. In the first stage, the teeth images are preprocessed by a two-step thresholding technique, which starts with …
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration And The Role Of Sirtuin 1, Brian T. Bennett
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration And The Role Of Sirtuin 1, Brian T. Bennett
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The main objective of this master's thesis project was to elucidate the role of the deacetylase Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) in skeletal muscle regeneration. We developed two specific aims to accomplish this task, which involved separate studies in order to study the effects of Sirt1 in multiple models of regeneration. The results from these studies may potentially lead to the development of novel therapies to treat various clinical conditions which require muscle regeneration.;Specific aim 1 utilized resveratrol, a Sirt1 activator, as a supplement to improve muscle regeneration following a period of disuse in aged animals. Aged Fisher 344 x Brown Norway …
Effectiveness Of A Theory Based Comprehensive Sexual Education Program At A Baltimore City High School, Darlene Hinds
Effectiveness Of A Theory Based Comprehensive Sexual Education Program At A Baltimore City High School, Darlene Hinds
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Background Sexual activity among adolescents can have lifelong consequences including teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey (YRBSS), reported 13.8% of high school students grades 9-12 admitted to having intercourse with four or more people and 34.2% report being sexually active (CDC, 2010b). Baltimore City has disproportionately high rates related to teen pregnancy, chlamydia and gonorrhea when compared to national statistics. In 2006, the rate of teen births among girls ages 15-19 in Baltimore City was 66.4 per 1,000, compared to Maryland's teen birth rate of 34.4 per 1,000 (Maryland Department of Health and Mental …
From Sinners To Saints: Emerging Agency In American Women's Novels Before The Civil War, Amy Howard Green
From Sinners To Saints: Emerging Agency In American Women's Novels Before The Civil War, Amy Howard Green
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study investigates the ways in which the narrative of salvation contributed to the development of female selfhood in American women's novels before the Civil War. Over time, protagonists of some of the most popular of these novels were transformed from victims of seduction (as in Charlotte Temple or The Coquette) into self-reliant agents of virtue (as in The Wide, Wide World or The Lamplighter). Such a depiction suggests that a similar shift in readers' imaginations of their own selfhood was also taking place, and it paralleled changes in the genre conventions of novels that have been traditionally identified as …
Northern Myotis Roosting Ecology And Use Of Prescribed Fire And Herbicide Treatment To Enhance Roost Availability In Hardwood Forests, Milu Karp
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Recent declines in myotis populations throughout the mid-Atlantic region due to habitat degradation and the spread of white-nose syndrome have led to the increased need for understanding of roost ecology to aid in population recovery. Land management agencies in the Central Appalachian Hardwood Region can contribute to the conservation and possible recovery of northern myotis through habitat creation by means of prescribed fire. Within the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia, three separate compartments were subjected to prescribed fire to better understand the effects of disturbance on summer roost tree use. During the summer of 2011 and 2012, Northern myotis …
Analysis Of Production Data From Marcellus Shale Horizontal Wells In Wv, Mohamed N. El Sgher
Analysis Of Production Data From Marcellus Shale Horizontal Wells In Wv, Mohamed N. El Sgher
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In recent years, the interest in unconventional reservoirs has increased all over the world. The unconventional gas reservoir is a term commonly used to refer to a low permeability reservoir that produces mainly dry natural gas and is not able to produce an economic flow rate without stimulation treatments. The best way to improve the production is by a horizontal well with multiple hydraulic fractures. Hydraulic fracturing is a stimulation practice to improve the permeability in order to obtain commercial production. Horizontal wells with multiple hydraulic fracture treatments have proven to be an effective method for development of unconventional reservoirs.;The …
An Examination Of Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis In Rural Youth, Molly R. Matthews-Ewald
An Examination Of Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis In Rural Youth, Molly R. Matthews-Ewald
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Weight gain among United States' children, adolescents and adults has become a pandemic problem, and is of great public health concern, given the increased risk for myriad chronic health problems and associated medical expenditures. It is well established that increased energy expenditure through physical activity may reduce weight and improve health. However, the predominant focus of this research has been with moderate to vigorous levels of activity (MVPA). A growing body of evidence suggests that activity levels below this (i.e., light levels), may also be beneficial. Specific to light activity, a recent area of focus has been on non-exercise activity …
Network Dynamics, Synchronization, And Self-Propelled Particles In Chemical Systems, Hua Ke
Network Dynamics, Synchronization, And Self-Propelled Particles In Chemical Systems, Hua Ke
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Neural networks are a class of biological networks of great importance. They are a key component of the central nervous system that coordinates body functions. The exploration of the detailed mechanism of biological neural networks remains extremely active. Inspired by the structure of biological neural networks, artificial neural networks have been designed to solve a variety of problems in pattern recognition, prediction, optimization and control. However, few studies have been reported that explore the dynamics of biological neural networks using chemical systems. As part of this thesis, an experimentally trainable network based on the photosensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction is developed, where …
Intelligent Web Crawling Using Semantic Signatures, Lingaiah Choudary Pinnamaneni
Intelligent Web Crawling Using Semantic Signatures, Lingaiah Choudary Pinnamaneni
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The quantity of test that is added to the web in the digital form continues to grow and the quest for tools that can process this huge amount of data to retrieve the data of our interest is an ongoing process. Moreover, observing these large volumes of data over a period of time is a tedious task for any human being. Text mining is very helpful in performing these kinds of tasks. Text mining is a process of observing patterns in the text data using sophisticated statistical measures both quantitatively and qualitatively. Using these text mining techniques and the power …
A Study Of Determinants Of Coping In Childhood Cancer Survivors, Lea Helene Mallett
A Study Of Determinants Of Coping In Childhood Cancer Survivors, Lea Helene Mallett
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this research were to (1) determine the association between time since the completion of cancer treatment and the type of stressor (cancer-related versus non-cancer-related) identified; (2) determine whether the stressor identified (cancer-related or non-cancer-related) and strategies utilized to cope with that stressor change over time; (3) determine whether type of cancer and treatment are associated with specific coping strategies, and (4) determine if family characteristics (household structure, median household income, and presence of siblings) impact the endorsement and efficacy of coping strategies utilized to cope with a stressor.;BACKGROUND: Cancer alters children's lives in many ways, beginning …