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Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

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Implementing A Parametric Analysis In The Lamodel 3.0 Program, Christian Hugo Calderon Arteaga Jan 2014

Implementing A Parametric Analysis In The Lamodel 3.0 Program, Christian Hugo Calderon Arteaga

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis presents a parametric analysis in the LaModel 3.0 software and its corresponding results by showing how changes to input variables would affect the output of the model. This analysis was performed by taking of the most important inputs of the model and varying them inside a predefined range. The result of this variation was studied to determine how changes on input variables could affect the output of the model. A screening design technique was used, and it consists in taking the average values of the input variables, generate a valid range of variation and observe the behavior of …

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Tuning The Thermoelectric Performance Of Complex Oxides Through Multiscale Microstructure Engineering, Paulo Sergio Calvillo-Gonzalez Jan 2014

Tuning The Thermoelectric Performance Of Complex Oxides Through Multiscale Microstructure Engineering, Paulo Sergio Calvillo-Gonzalez

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The need for energy nowadays is causing a heated debate in our society. One way to increase the energy sustainability is to harvest waste energy from current processes. For example, industrial processes, home heating and automotive exhaust, all generate copious amounts of heat that is usually wasted. In the diesel powered automobiles, up to 65% of the chemical fuel is lost as waste heat that is mostly rejected through the cooling radiator and exhaust systems with the temperature normally exceeding 600 °C. Thermoelectric materials have the ability of converting wasted heat and temperature difference into electricity. Thermoelectric materials need to …

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Transient Studies Of A Sodium Sulfur Cell, Sarah Caprio Jan 2014

Transient Studies Of A Sodium Sulfur Cell, Sarah Caprio

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Modern grids will include input from fossil-fueled power generation facilities as well as renewable energy sources, and these are expected to work together actively. One major problem with this integrated power production is that most renewable energy sources are intermittent and variable, and thus introduce a very challenging situation with regard to grid stability and reliability. Also, fossil-fueled power generation facilities have load cycles based on expected usage. A non-reliable power source cannot feasibly be used to supply the grid with proper amounts of energy needed in peak times. A solution to this dilemma is power storage. The sodium-sulfur battery …

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The Impact Of Religion On Minority Identity And Community: A Case Study Of Russian Orthodoxy And The Russian Minority In Estonia, Elizabeth Cleary Jan 2014

The Impact Of Religion On Minority Identity And Community: A Case Study Of Russian Orthodoxy And The Russian Minority In Estonia, Elizabeth Cleary

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Minority groups and their integration and inclusion into the greater society are important political and sociological concerns for many states. This is especially true for the states that more recently regained their independence following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The realm of religion has remained largely untapped as an area in which minority identity can be cultivated and expressed or used as a platform towards productively integrating or isolating minority members.;This thesis seeks to contribute to the scholarship on this underdeveloped topic of how religion, minority identity, and issues of integration intersect. Its key questions are a) whether religion …

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Face Recognition With The Rgb-D Sensor, Cesare Ciaccio Jan 2014

Face Recognition With The Rgb-D Sensor, Cesare Ciaccio

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Face recognition in unconstrained environments is still a challenge, because of the many variations of the facial appearance due to changes in head pose, lighting conditions, facial expression, age, etc. This work addresses the problem of face recognition in the presence of 2D facial appearance variations caused by 3D head rotations. It explores the advantages of the recently developed consumer-level RGB-D cameras (e.g. Kinect). These cameras provide color and depth images at the same rate. They are affordable and easy to use, but the depth images are noisy and in low resolution, unlike laser scanned depth images. The proposed approach …

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Cultural Identity, Vocational Development, And The Meaning Of Work Among Appalachian Coal Miners: A Qualitative Study, Susan Chamberlain Jan 2014

Cultural Identity, Vocational Development, And The Meaning Of Work Among Appalachian Coal Miners: A Qualitative Study, Susan Chamberlain

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In this study I explore what coal mining means to underground miners in Appalachia, and how these meanings interact with participants' cultural and vocational identities. Using narrative data from eight underground coal miners, the study investigates the connections between cultural values, career, and personality. These connections are singularly intertwined in Appalachia, where economic and social landscapes have been heavily influenced by coal mining for over a century. The resulting relationships have blurred the lines of identity among career, family, and community. This qualitative study is based on data from semi-structured interviews; participant language was analyzed using grounded theory to create …

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Assessment Of West Virginia Public Healthcare Professionals' Knowledge, Attitudes And Behaviors Regarding Of The Oral Implications Of Hpv Following An Educational Presentation, Renee Cooper-Frantz Jan 2014

Assessment Of West Virginia Public Healthcare Professionals' Knowledge, Attitudes And Behaviors Regarding Of The Oral Implications Of Hpv Following An Educational Presentation, Renee Cooper-Frantz

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Human Papillomavirus (HPV), the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States, was firmly linked to a new subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC's) in late 2007. With growing rates of West Virginians affected by HPV-related oral cancers it becomes pertinent to verify that public healthcare professionals of all disciplines are aware of this causal relationship and educating their patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge level, attitudes and behaviors of a convenience sample of West Virginia's public healthcare professionals regarding the oral implications of HPV before and after and educational presentation. A pre- …

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U-Pb Detrital Zircon Geochronology Within The Cape Fold Beltkaroo Basin System, Justin Raymond Dean Jan 2014

U-Pb Detrital Zircon Geochronology Within The Cape Fold Beltkaroo Basin System, Justin Raymond Dean

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology, in addition to sandstone petrography and heavy mineral analysis are used to constrain the provenance of the Ecca and Beaufort lithologic Groups within the Tanqua, Laingsburg, and Ripon sub-basins of the southern Gondwanan Karoo Basin. Zircon ages were acquired using Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) on 553 grains from seven hand samples. Results show two major age populations exist in all samples including an abrupt 245-295 Ma population and a broad 350-750 Ma population. Other minor age populations are present between 300-350 Ma, 850-1200 Ma, and > 2000 Ma in some samples. These age populations coincide …

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Age And Gender Differences In Decision-Making Style Profiles, Rebecca K. Delaney Jan 2014

Age And Gender Differences In Decision-Making Style Profiles, Rebecca K. Delaney

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The current study examined Scott and Bruce's (1995) five decision-making styles (i.e. rational, intuitive, spontaneous, dependent, and avoidant) to assess potential combinations of styles using cluster analysis. The sample comprised 1,075 members from RAND's American Life Panel (56.2% female, 18-93 years, Mage = 53.49). Data was collected from a larger survey that members completed on a monthly basis. Findings yielded a three-cluster model which included: affective/experiential, dependent, and independent/self-controlled decision-making style profiles. These profiles were significantly differentiated by age and gender. Older age and being female was associated with being more likely to be in the independent/self-controlled decision-making style profile …

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Performance Of Reformed Low-Sulfur Liquid Fuels In A Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, Tristan Jordan Mcquain Jan 2014

Performance Of Reformed Low-Sulfur Liquid Fuels In A Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, Tristan Jordan Mcquain

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a device capable of converting chemical energy from gaseous fuels into useable electrical energy at high efficiencies. Since the United States transportation sector infrastructure is currently based on liquid fuels, this opens up a large market for alternative power units utilizing SOFC technology for liquid fuels. In this work, a novel rhodium and strontium-substituted lanthanum zirconate pyrochlore (LSRZ) catalyst developed by the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) was utilized in a reforming reactor to convert low-sulfur liquid hydrocarbon fuels to syngas for direct use in a SOFC. The SOFC …

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Peripheral Challenge With A Viral Mimic Elicits Seizure Hypersusceptibility, Lindsay Tanis Michalovicz Jan 2014

Peripheral Challenge With A Viral Mimic Elicits Seizure Hypersusceptibility, Lindsay Tanis Michalovicz

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Seizure syndromes are common neuropathologies associated with epilepsy, metabolic disturbances, stroke, traumatic brain injury, heat stroke, fatigue, drug overdose and several other conditions. Peripheral inflammatory conditions have emerged as important comorbid factors in seizures. We found that peripherally restricted acute phase response (APR) elicited by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of a viral mimic, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PIC), renders the brain hyperexcitable as seen from profoundly exacerbated kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures. This hypersusceptibility was protracted for up to 72 h. Neither blood plasma transfer from PIC challenged mice nor injection of two highly expressed blood cytokines, IL-6 and IFNbeta, were able to recapitulate …

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Development And Feasibility Assessment Of Shallow Pressbrake-Formed Steel Tub Girders For Short-Span Bridge Applications, Gregory K. Michaelson Jan 2014

Development And Feasibility Assessment Of Shallow Pressbrake-Formed Steel Tub Girders For Short-Span Bridge Applications, Gregory K. Michaelson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Short Span Steel Bridge Alliance (SSSBA) is a group of bridge and culvert industry leaders (including steel manufacturers, fabricators, service centers, coaters, researchers, and representatives of related associations and government organizations) who have joined together to provide educational information on the design and construction of short-span steel bridges in installations up to 140 feet in length. From within the SSSBA technical working group, a modular, shallow press-brake-formed steel tub girder was developed. This new technology consists of cold-bending standard mill plate width and thicknesses to form a trapezoidal box girder. The steel plate can either be weathering steel or …

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A Performance Guide To "First Lines" For Flute And Piano, Pamela Murchison Jan 2014

A Performance Guide To "First Lines" For Flute And Piano, Pamela Murchison

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this document is to conduct an examination of Amy Williams' First Lines for flute and piano. The composition is a collection of eleven miniatures, each influenced by the first line of a different poem, which require both the flutist and pianist to perform extended techniques. The goal of this project is to create a document that will assist performers in presenting a comprehensive and informed interpretation of First Lines by collecting biographical and pedagogical information selected to help them understand artistic, practical, and theoretical aspects of the work.;The research document will begin with a detailed biography of …

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Floodplain Mapping In Response To Surface Mine Reclamation, Erin E. O'Leary Jan 2014

Floodplain Mapping In Response To Surface Mine Reclamation, Erin E. O'Leary

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Surface mining and the associated reclamation cause changes in land use and land cover. This change can affect the hydrologic balance. In some cases, an increase in number and magnitude of flood events is observed both on site and in surrounding areas. This research analyzed the hydrologic effects downstream of a reclaimed surface mine, considering the impact of an alternative reclamation technique. Geomorphic landform design (GLD) is a reclamation method that considers the development mature landform shapes to help create a long-term hydrologic balance. Flood maps were created for the pre-mined condition and compared to maps created for three reclamation …

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"A Debt Of Honor": Elite Women's Rituals Of Cultural Authority In The Confederate Capital, Ashley Whitehead Luskey Jan 2014

"A Debt Of Honor": Elite Women's Rituals Of Cultural Authority In The Confederate Capital, Ashley Whitehead Luskey

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation analyzes the carefully crafted cultural rituals and social interactions of elite women in Richmond, Virginia in order to understand how those women sought to reaffirm their contested claims to ladyship and impose "proper" social and moral order over an increasingly disordered Confederate capital during the Civil War. As the capital of the Confederacy, Richmond stood for four years as the heart and heartbeat of the Confederate nation and thus as a conspicuous model for southern society. Throughout those four years, Richmond found itself continuously barraged by an influx of soldiers, refugees, prostitutes, scam artists, impoverished soldiers' wives, and …

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Synthesis Of Colloidal Nanocrystal Heterostructures For High-Efficiency Light Emission, Yifei Lu Jan 2014

Synthesis Of Colloidal Nanocrystal Heterostructures For High-Efficiency Light Emission, Yifei Lu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Group II-VI semiconductor nanocrystals, particularly those based on ZnCdS(Se), can be synthesized using well established chemical colloidal processes, and have been a subject of extensive research over the past decade. Their optical properties can be easily tuned through size and composition variations, making them very attractive for many optoelectronic applications including light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells. Incorporation of diverse internal heterostructures provides an additional means for tuning the optical and electronic properties of conventional ZnCdS(Se) nanocrystals. Extensive bandgap and strain engineering may be applied to the resultant nanocrystal heterostructures to achieve desirable properties and enhanced performance. Despite the high …

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Enhanced Automated Discovery Of Relevant Features In Text Mining, Udaya Mallampati Jan 2014

Enhanced Automated Discovery Of Relevant Features In Text Mining, Udaya Mallampati

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Semantic Signature Mining Tool (SSMinT) is a suite of software tools that aid a data analyst to develop semantic signatures that capture targeted content, and uses these semantic signatures to categorize text documents with unknown content or retrieve documents of a specific type or interest. This was developed by Barnes, Eschen, Para, and Peddada in 2010. These tools require expert input. An automated version of SSMinT software package was developed with the aim to reduce manual input and use machine learning techniques to discover semantic signatures. This was developed by Barnes, Eschen, and Kota in 2011. Key features of this …

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Mechanical Stratigraphy Of The Utica Shale, Eastern New York State, John Brockman Jan 2014

Mechanical Stratigraphy Of The Utica Shale, Eastern New York State, John Brockman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The mechanical stratigraphy of the Upper Ordovician Utica Shale is characterized by studying outcrops and core located in Montgomery County, eastern New York State. Previous studies of the Utica Shale in New York State have focused on characterizing fracture orientations, distinguishing fracture generations, and establishing a relationship between fracture density and proximity to faults, but fractures in outcrops of the Utica Shale have not been studied in the context of mechanical stratigraphy. The composition, sedimentary texture, strength, and thickness of individual beds within the Flat Creek Shale and Dolgeville Formation are studied to better understand the nature of fracture propagation …

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Taxonomy Of The Allium Cernuum Complex In Appalachia, Rodney David Dever Jan 2014

Taxonomy Of The Allium Cernuum Complex In Appalachia, Rodney David Dever

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study incorporates morphological, anatomical, common garden and breeding system research to investigate whether Allium allegheniense and A. oxyphilum merit species status distinct from A. cernuum. Herbarium label information was recorded for 1,065 specimens and twelve quantitative and qualitative morphological traits were analyzed using univariate and multivariate techniques. The number and arrangement of scape vascular bundles was observed from nine populations (three from each species). Scapes were sectioned freehand, stained, and examined via light microscopy.;Forty-five plants of the Allium cernuum complex were collected in West Virginia and North Carolina for a common garden study to observe trait variation and phenology. …

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A Recofigurable Tri-Band Interconnect For Future Network-On-Chip, Alexander Todd Dilello Jan 2014

A Recofigurable Tri-Band Interconnect For Future Network-On-Chip, Alexander Todd Dilello

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The scaling of CMOS feature sizes has yielded the capability of integrating heterogeneous intellectual properties (IPs) like graphics processing units (GPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs) and central processing units (CPUs) on a single die. The collection of multiple IPs on a single die presents a problem of reliable communication due to congestion. The infrastructure that facilitates and manages communication among IPs is referred to as a network-on-chip (NoC). Its ultimate goal should be low latency with negligible power and area consumption. Unfortunately, as CMOS feature sizes have been scaling smaller, this has exacerbated latency and signal degradation due to increasing …

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Spacing Of Hydraulically Fractured Horizontal Laterals In Low Permeability Formations, Franck Donfack Jan 2014

Spacing Of Hydraulically Fractured Horizontal Laterals In Low Permeability Formations, Franck Donfack

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The discovery of unconventional reservoirs such as tight gas sands and shale gas, the resolve for the United States to become independent of foreign hydrocarbons, toppled with depleting conventional fields around the world, has pushed for new technologies and effective and efficient approaches in unconventional reservoirs long-term production to supply their ever-growing demand.;Horizontal drilling along with hydraulic fracturing are the two most popular methods used to render low-permeability formations such as the Marcellus Shale economically productive. Nowadays, coupled with horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, new strategies and tools such as coil tubing and multi-lateral horizontal wells are being strategized and …

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Investigation Of Chemical And Physical Properties Of Carbon Nanotubes And Their Effects On Cell Biomechanics, Chenbo Dong Jan 2014

Investigation Of Chemical And Physical Properties Of Carbon Nanotubes And Their Effects On Cell Biomechanics, Chenbo Dong

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used for a variety of applications from nanocircuits, to hydrogen storage devices, and from designing optical fibers to forming conductive plastics. Recently, their functionalization with biomolecules led to exciting biological and biomedical applications in drug delivery or bioimaging. However, because of CNTs interactions with biological systems and their ability to translocate and persist into the circulatory and lymphatic systems and biological tissues, concerns about CNTs intrinsic toxicity have risen. It is thus necessary to develop and implement sensitive analysis technologies that allow investigation of CNTs toxicity upon uptake into a biological system.;This thesis provides a comprehensive …

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Ventilation Airflow Around A Continuous Miner And Its Effect On Methane Concentrations At The Face, Heather N. Dougherty Jan 2014

Ventilation Airflow Around A Continuous Miner And Its Effect On Methane Concentrations At The Face, Heather N. Dougherty

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Attaining an accurate understanding of airflow distribution at the continuous miner face is instrumental in maintaining a safe mining environment. Currently, continuous miner face air readings can be taken in the last open crosscut and at the curtain mouth. By measuring airflow in a pre-determined area it is accepted that an adequate quantity of that air sweeps the face of harmful dust and gasses. Unfortunately, due to the location inaccessibility, precise face velocity readings can only be determined in a laboratory setting or through computer-simulated programs verified by laboratory models. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Office …

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The Relation Of Stress And Coping To Psychosocial Outcomes In Pediatric Burn Survivors, Paul T. Enlow Jan 2014

The Relation Of Stress And Coping To Psychosocial Outcomes In Pediatric Burn Survivors, Paul T. Enlow

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Stress and coping are important predictor of psychosocial functioning in both healthy and chronically ill populations. However, no studies have investigated the relation of stressors and coping to psychosocial functioning in pediatric burn survivors. Stress consists of major life events (e.g. death of a family member) and daily hassles (e.g. receiving a speeding ticket). Results from previous studies found that stress was related to positive and negative psychosocial functioning. Coping, on the other hand, is a response that aims to combat the stressor and promote positive adjustment. Past studies have shown that the impact of stress may be moderated by …

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Rotating Detonation Combustion: A Computational Study For Stationary Power Generation, Sergio Escobar Jan 2014

Rotating Detonation Combustion: A Computational Study For Stationary Power Generation, Sergio Escobar

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The increased availability of gaseous fossil fuels in The US has led to the substantial growth of stationary Gas Turbine (GT) usage for electrical power generation. In fact, from 2013 to 2104, out of the 11 Tera Watts-hour per day produced from fossil fuels, approximately 27% was generated through the combustion of natural gas in stationary GT. The thermodynamic efficiency for simple-cycle GT has increased from 20% to 40% during the last six decades, mainly due to research and development in the fields of combustion science, material science and machine design. However, additional improvements have become more costly and more …

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An Empirical Analysis Of The Role Of Residential Real Estate Investment In The Economic Development Of The Northeast Region Of The United States, Praveena Rajam Jayaraman Jan 2014

An Empirical Analysis Of The Role Of Residential Real Estate Investment In The Economic Development Of The Northeast Region Of The United States, Praveena Rajam Jayaraman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Residential real estate investment has been recognized as an agent of economic development since the 1970s because residential real estate investment is a major economic activity with large multiplier effects. Residential real estate improvement is also linked to many external social and economic benefits. Previous studies have examined the role of residential real estate in economic development through approaches such as the effects of employment and income, household saving, labor productivity, health productivity and growth from real estate investment, as well as home ownership effects. However, recent discussions about the relationships between residential real estate investment and economic development include …

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Using Bayesian Networks To Identify Control Topography Between Cancer Processes And Immune Responses Via Metagene Constructs, Jacob Kaiser Jan 2014

Using Bayesian Networks To Identify Control Topography Between Cancer Processes And Immune Responses Via Metagene Constructs, Jacob Kaiser

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cancer arises from a deregulation of both intracellular and intercellular control systems. Understanding the architecture of these control systems and how they are changed in diseases could present opportunities for therapeutic targets to restore normal control. However, since intercellular control structures only appear in intact systems, it is difficult to identify how these control structures become altered using in vitro models and it can be difficult to determine if an in vivo model system appropriately replicates what occurs in human disease. In order to overcome this, we use the diversity in normal and malignant human tissue samples from the Cancer …

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Emotion Socialization Via Mother-Child Conversations About Past Emotional Events, Kristina M. Kania Jan 2014

Emotion Socialization Via Mother-Child Conversations About Past Emotional Events, Kristina M. Kania

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study examined how mothers (N = 24) socialized emotions in their 7- to 10-year-old children during conversations about past positive and negative events. Mothers completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988) to rate the extent to which they experienced negative and positive affect. Conversations were coded for content, themes, mothers' and children's narrative strategies, life lessons, and statements that foster self-esteem. These patterns are discussed across mothers and children. Mothers and their children were collaborative in their discussions of past emotional events. That is, they tended to emphasize similar narrative processes during their conversations, …

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Investigating The Interactions Of Tri-Peptides On Gold Nanoparticles Using Solid-State Nmr Spectroscopy And The Development Of 1h- 2h Dipolar Recoupling Experiments, Ichhuk Karki Jan 2014

Investigating The Interactions Of Tri-Peptides On Gold Nanoparticles Using Solid-State Nmr Spectroscopy And The Development Of 1h- 2h Dipolar Recoupling Experiments, Ichhuk Karki

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is a powerful technique to study the structure of biological and inorganic systems, especially non-crystalline and insoluble samples that are difficult to study for X-ray diffraction and solution NMR spectroscopy methods. We used solid-state NMR spectroscopy to elucidate the structure and interactions of tri-peptides on gold nanoparticles. Tri-peptides CysAlaAla (CAA) and AlaAlaCys (AAC) are the focus of this work. These peptides are incorporated on gold surfaces through thiol-gold interactions and their structures on gold surfaces are studied using 1H and 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopy. NMR spectroscopy shows that CAA forms a uniform monolayer on gold nanoparticles while …

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Experimental Evaluation Of Non-Composite Shallow Press-Brake-Formed Steel Tub Girders, Lindsay T. Kelly Jan 2014

Experimental Evaluation Of Non-Composite Shallow Press-Brake-Formed Steel Tub Girders, Lindsay T. Kelly

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Short Span Steel Bridge Alliance (SSSBA) is a group of bridge industry leaders (including steel manufacturers, fabricators, service centers, coaters, researchers, and representatives of related associations and government organizations) who have joined together to provide educational information on the design and construction of short-span steel bridges in installations up to 140 feet in length (Michaelson, 2014). From within the SSSBA technical working group, a shallow press-brake-formed steel tub girder was developed. This new technology consists of cold-bending standard mill plate width and thicknesses to form a trapezoidal box girder. By eliminating the need to cut and weld plates together, …

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