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Dynamic Model And Estimator Development For A Smart Refractory Brick With Embedded Wireless Sensors For Gasifier Applications, Qiao Huang
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The operating temperature is one of the most important variables for gasifier operation. A higher temperature can shorten the service life of the refractory lining. A lower temperature can reduce the extent of carbon conversion and disrupt the flow of molten slag in a slagging gasifier. Therefore temperature is one of the most important variable in a gasifier. In slagging gasifiers, molten slag can penetrate into the refractory lining leading to refractory spallation, undesired downtime, and costly replacement. Even though the temperature and extent of slag penetration are extremely important for the gasifier operation, they cannot be measured reliably by …
Using Long-Term Records To Investigate Watershed Nitrogen Supply And Demand Dynamics At The Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia, Usa, Mark Benjamin Burnham
Using Long-Term Records To Investigate Watershed Nitrogen Supply And Demand Dynamics At The Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia, Usa, Mark Benjamin Burnham
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Fossil fuel combustion has caused elevated anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition onto forests in the northeastern United States since the middle of the 20th century, and has resulted in the supply of N exceeding the ecosystem N demand in many forests across the region. While the supply-demand imbalance is often attributed to elevated N inputs, a reduction in N demand may also make a significant contribution to diminished levels of N retention. Long-term records of N inputs, outputs, and stand dynamics at the Fernow Experimental Forest (FEF) in Tucker County, WV, provide a unique opportunity to study how changes in ecosystem …
Examining The Impact Of A Short-Term Psychological Skills Training Program On Dancers' Coping Skills, Pain Appraisals, And Injuries, Leigh A. Bryant
Examining The Impact Of A Short-Term Psychological Skills Training Program On Dancers' Coping Skills, Pain Appraisals, And Injuries, Leigh A. Bryant
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Psychological skills interventions are often conducted with individual athletes and sports teams in an effort to build mental toughness, prevent injury, or enhance performance. Dancers remain an underserved population in the delivery of sport/performance psychology services, with extremely limited literature addressing college dance students. The dance community has several inherent physical and psychosocial demands, which can promote resilience. However, dancers may also strive to meet these demands by employing unhealthy coping strategies that could be linked to maladaptive appraisals and increased injury risk. The present study examined the impact of a psychological skills intervention program on college dance students' (N …
Challenging The Dark Pools Of Neoliberal Affect In Materialist Theories, Stephanie Buongiorno
Challenging The Dark Pools Of Neoliberal Affect In Materialist Theories, Stephanie Buongiorno
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This thesis argues that materialist theories like OOO subversively create a foundation for Neoliberalism and shows how readapting materialist theories combined with SCUBA submersion destabilizes Neoliberalism. Materialist theories announce themselves as venerators of objects by arguing that all actors contain leveled importance, and thus are not defined as tools for human exploitation. Yet, leveling all objects has uneven social results. While leveling the importance of an object with all other objects, materialist theories justify the subjugation of invisible bodies and remove conversation from social concerns that are denounced as not ontologically present. This thesis destabilizes materialist theories that bolster Neoliberalism …
Changes In Athletes' Anxiety, Anger, And Impulsiveness Following Concussion, Megan Byrd
Changes In Athletes' Anxiety, Anger, And Impulsiveness Following Concussion, Megan Byrd
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The impacts and effects of sport-related concussion have been considered a major health concern as early as 1999 (Kelly, 1999) and have continued to be a prominent topic of controversy among all levels of sport. Amidst this concern and controversy, the emotional impacts of sport-related concussion, particularly anxiety, anger, and impulsivity are still relatively unknown. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between sport concussions and anger, anxiety, and impulsivity in collegiate athletes. The secondary purpose of this study was to determine if there is a subset of athletes who are more likely to exhibit certain …
"Here There Is No Plague": The Ideology And Phenomenology Of Aids In Gay Literature, Michael Alan Buso
"Here There Is No Plague": The Ideology And Phenomenology Of Aids In Gay Literature, Michael Alan Buso
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This project considers the social movements, historical memory, and politics of health to trace the way the literature of the AIDS epidemic both documents and discloses the lived experiences of a community struggling in the midst of an epidemic. It focuses on the literature of AIDS, analyzing the underlying ideologies of AIDS and articulating a phenomenology of AIDS that goes beyond the feminist or queer ones already considered in current scholarship. I argue that the literature of AIDS reflects various ideological fantasies about AIDS that, depending on political preconceptions and ontologies of identity, must, out of necessity, exclude certain ideas …
Operability-Based Design Of Energy Systems: Application To Natural Gas Utilization Processes, Juan C. Carrasco-Moraga
Operability-Based Design Of Energy Systems: Application To Natural Gas Utilization Processes, Juan C. Carrasco-Moraga
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Process operability emerged in the last decades as a powerful tool for the design and control of complex chemical processes. The design of such processes is a challenging task as they are represented by nonlinear models with large numbers of differential and algebraic equations that demand high computational effort for their solution. In particular, process operability was proposed as a method for verifying the ability of a process design, defined by the available input set, to reach an achievable output set that considers production targets. However, existing operability methods for nonlinear systems are limited by the problem size that they …
Recreation In The Brazilian Amazon - Understanding Visitor Profile And Perceptions Of Crowding, Lidiane Castro Gregory
Recreation In The Brazilian Amazon - Understanding Visitor Profile And Perceptions Of Crowding, Lidiane Castro Gregory
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this thesis was to define the visitor profile of the Brazilian Amazon Basin using data from two different locations: The Tapajos National Forest and Anavilhanas National Park. This study also investigated possible issues regarding crowding. Overall data as well as segmented data were used in the analysis.;The methodology consisted of on-site interviews with survey days spread across weekdays and weekends. A total of 2534 usable surveys were collected from October 2015 to May 2015. All the analysis was conducted on SPSS. Frequencies, valid percentages, and means were used to describe the sample. For comparative analyzes between the …
Growing Shrub Willow (Salix Spp.) On Newly Reclaimed Minesoil In Northeastern West Virginia, Bartholomew Caterino
Growing Shrub Willow (Salix Spp.) On Newly Reclaimed Minesoil In Northeastern West Virginia, Bartholomew Caterino
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Shrub willow (Salix spp.) has been a focus of international efforts to develop renewable alternatives for fossil fuels and to sequester carbon from earth's atmosphere. One area of interest has been to plant and cultivate willow on reclaimed mine lands. West Virginia's coalfields provide significant land area for incorporating willow cultivation into reclamation. The objective of this study was to develop silvicultural treatments to overcome the most common properties of mine soils in Appalachia: high rock fragment content that often causes difficult planting, reduced nutrient availability, and low water-holding capacity. Cuttings of three shrub willow clones were planted with six …
Design And Development Of A Novel Nanoparticle Aerosol Generation System For Research Applications, Justin R. Chambers
Design And Development Of A Novel Nanoparticle Aerosol Generation System For Research Applications, Justin R. Chambers
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Nanoparticles have become of great interest within the scientific community for their use in diverse applications. With this rapidly evolving field, new nano-sized compounds are being developed and used for a variety of reasons. Nanoparticle aerosol technology, aerosolization and dispersion of nano-compounds, has many novel applications and can be used to support current research efforts. This may include anything from drug delivery techniques to industrial processes. To aid these processes, new methods of aerosol generation and dispersion are needed to meet these future needs. This research and development is being conducted to expand upon a novel nanoparticle aerosol generator as …
Evaluating Instructive Feedback As A Maintenance Procedure During Discrete-Trial Instruction, Jessica M. Cheatham
Evaluating Instructive Feedback As A Maintenance Procedure During Discrete-Trial Instruction, Jessica M. Cheatham
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Instructive feedback is a procedure that involves presenting secondary targets during a learning trial. The child is not required to respond to the secondary targets, and if the child does respond the therapist does not provide differential consequences. Instructive feedback has been shown to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of discrete-trial instruction for children with autism. We evaluated maintenance of previously learned skills when they were and were not presented as instructive feedback during teaching sessions. We used an adapted-alternating treatments design to compare three conditions, in which previously learned skills were presented as secondary targets five times per week, …
A Multi-Agent Design For Smart Distribution Automation System With Distributed Energy Resources And Microgrids, Sridhar Chouhan
A Multi-Agent Design For Smart Distribution Automation System With Distributed Energy Resources And Microgrids, Sridhar Chouhan
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The proliferation of Smart Grid technologies such as distributed energy resources (DER) and microgrids has resulted in new opportunities and challenges to existing Distribution Automation (DA) solutions. A novel hybrid Multi-Agent System (MAS) Fault Location, Isolation, and Restoration (FLIR) solution is proposed for electric distribution systems with different types of distributed generation (DG) resources and microgrids. The main goal of the MAS is to locate and isolate the fault and then to automatically reenergize fault-free portions of the network to restore power to as many customers as possible while maintaining system constraints like voltage and thermal capacity limits.;Determination of the …
The Paganini Variations: A Study Of Selected Works By Liszt, Brahms, Rachmaninoff, Lutoslawski, And Muczynski, Youna Choi
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Caprice in A minor, Op. 1, No. 24 for solo violin by Niccolo Paganini has been a great inspiration for many composers. This study investigates five compositions that are based on the Paganini theme: Liszt, Brahms, Rachmaninoff, Lutos?awski, and Muczynski. Although these five composers utilized the same melodic material as their compositional source, their works are stylistically much different, from a typical nineteenth century idiom used by Liszt to the jazz-inspired harmony used by Muczynski.;Each chapter includes a general background and analytical aspects of the individual work, and is followed by performance guidelines. The performance guidelines not only deal with …
Injection Drug Use Among West Virginia Medicaid Beneficiaries: An Analysis Of Health Outcomes, Service Utilization, And Cost, Michael J. Cima
Injection Drug Use Among West Virginia Medicaid Beneficiaries: An Analysis Of Health Outcomes, Service Utilization, And Cost, Michael J. Cima
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In the United States, injection drug use is a serious public health concern associated with an array of negative health outcomes and substantial financial consequences for systems of care. The purpose of this study was to characterize a statewide sample of Medicaid insured persons who inject drugs in terms of health outcomes, service utilization and cost. A cross-sectional, retrospective analysis of West Virginia Medicaid claims data between 2014 and 2016 was conducted. Between 2014 and 2016, 5,082 West Virginia Medicaid beneficiaries amassed 14,414 service visits, among which inpatient, emergency room, and mental health and substance abuse were the most common. …
"Mingled In One Common Destruction": Gender And The Household Economy In Harpers Ferry, 1859-1865, Elizabeth Conant-Lambert
"Mingled In One Common Destruction": Gender And The Household Economy In Harpers Ferry, 1859-1865, Elizabeth Conant-Lambert
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This thesis examines gender relations and the household economy of Harpers Ferry, Virginia (later West Virginia) from 1859 to 1865. Chapter One looks at how the town was organized economically and symbolically around the federal armory and arsenal, which served as the foundation for the town. Chapter Two examines the destruction of the armory and the ways that economic upheaval led to a feminization of male townspeople, who were then subordinated to occupying militaries. In the border town of Harpers Ferry, occupation became an important aspect of gender relations. Chapter Three focuses on how local women used family networks to …
Adaptation Of Simulated Annealing For Rate Of Penetration Optimization In Automated Drilling, Zachary Cox
Adaptation Of Simulated Annealing For Rate Of Penetration Optimization In Automated Drilling, Zachary Cox
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Drilling automation has focused on developing predictive controls based on existing formation and well sites for which abundant data is available. These methods are not suitable in new locations where there is little information and where drilling data has not been recorded. This study focuses on a proof-of-concept to allow drilling in locations with little or no data available by determining drilling parameters via an artificial intelligence algorithm. The methods used were tested for use in the second annual Drillbotics competition sponsored by the Drilling Systems Automation Technical Section (DSATS) of the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE).;This study addresses the …
Effects Of Volcanic Ash Deposition And The Manson Impact On Marine Paleoredox And Paleoproductivity: Geochemical Evidence From The Cretaceous Pierre Shale, Isabella Cross-Najafi
Effects Of Volcanic Ash Deposition And The Manson Impact On Marine Paleoredox And Paleoproductivity: Geochemical Evidence From The Cretaceous Pierre Shale, Isabella Cross-Najafi
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Cretaceous Period. There is limited research on organic carbon content of the Pierre Shale in South Dakota. Frequent volcanic eruptions combined with climate change resulted in an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, leading to decreases in marine oxygen content. Decreasing marine oxygen has been attributed to higher amounts of preserved organic matter in marine sediment. Impact of volcanic ash deposition in the Cretaceous Interior Seaway has not been thoroughly studied. The Pierre Shale also contains the Crow Creek Member, a 5 foot thick layer of unconsolidated sand and rip-up clasts which may indicate a high-energy depositional event. Some …
Predictors Of Treatment Attendance And Adherence Among Individuals Receiving Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Insomnia, Ruifeng Cui
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Rates of Insomnia Disorder have been found to be as high as 10% in the general population. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) is an effective treatment for insomnia. Problematically, low rates of treatment attendance and adherence are common in CBT-I and negatively impact treatment outcomes. The present study examined predictors of attendance and adherence in a sample of adults receiving CBT-I. Identifying common predictors may help researchers in designing more effective CBT-I treatments. Participants were 108 community dwelling adults aged 19-95 who met criteria for Insomnia Disorder. The sample was comprised of primarily female (71.3%) middle age ( M …
Development Of Ethics Education Guidelines For Undergraduate Athletic Training Education Programs, Kaitlynn Cullen
Development Of Ethics Education Guidelines For Undergraduate Athletic Training Education Programs, Kaitlynn Cullen
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Context: Since 2007, much of the literature has determined a need for recognition and resolution of ethical situations in the athletic training profession. Existing demographic studies suggest areas of improvement for athletic training education program (ATEP) ethics curriculum, however, little has been accomplished within the past nine years. The athletic training field has not addressed specific guidelines needed to teach ethics courses or an appropriate curriculum for the undergraduate ATEP setting. Educational guidelines should be developed for ethics education in undergraduate ATEPs. Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop guidelines for ethics education in undergraduate ATEPs. Design: This …
Evaluation Of Ultrasonic Transducers For Use With Fire Apparatus, David Cody Lee Cutright
Evaluation Of Ultrasonic Transducers For Use With Fire Apparatus, David Cody Lee Cutright
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Fire departments are tasked with the protection of life and property in dangerous situations. Currently, water consumption for fire response is typically an estimate or a guess by the pump operator.;This thesis evaluates the use and applicability of an ultrasonic Time-of-Flight flowmeter on the discharge of a fire apparatus pump. The tests showed that the Time-of-Flight flowmeter was accurate within ten percent as long as it was at least twenty-five feet from the discharge of the pump. Pump vibration noise seems to prevent accurate use near the pump itself.
The Effects Of Conjugated Linoleic Acid And Berberine Supplementation On Markers Of Allopurinol Activated Oxidative Stress In Broiler Chickens, Vincent Dartigue
The Effects Of Conjugated Linoleic Acid And Berberine Supplementation On Markers Of Allopurinol Activated Oxidative Stress In Broiler Chickens, Vincent Dartigue
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Selection for rapid growth in poultry can be linked to an exaggerated state of oxidative stress (reactive oxidative species, ROS). Reactive oxidative species are kept in balance by endogenous and exogenous antioxidants. Two compounds, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and berberine (BRB) a purified compound from plant root extract have been suggested to ameliorate antioxidant activity. A ten week study examined the effect of CLA and berberine supplementation on markers of oxidative stress in poultry. Broiler chickens (n=60) were equally divided into six groups; a control, a CLA group where half of the regular oil used in a standard was substituted …
The Analysis Of 2,5-Dimethoxy-N-(N-Methoxybenzyl) Phenethylamine (Nbome) Isomers Using Traditional And Fast Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, J. Tyler Davidson
The Analysis Of 2,5-Dimethoxy-N-(N-Methoxybenzyl) Phenethylamine (Nbome) Isomers Using Traditional And Fast Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, J. Tyler Davidson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
An alarming trend in the field of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) is the emergence of a class of synthetic phenethylamine derivatives known as NBOMes. These substances are low dosage hallucinogenic designer drugs that have become popular for recreational drug use, especially in Europe, Asia, and North America. The hallucinogenic effects of these substances are directly linked to the substitution and arrangement of the generic phenethylamine structure. An outbreak of deaths across the United States has prompted increased legislation to ban their distribution and use, but knowledge about NBOMes, and specifically the positional isomers, is lacking. In addition to identifying particular …
High-Intensity Pleasure And Self-Regulation In Adolescence, Katy L. Delong
High-Intensity Pleasure And Self-Regulation In Adolescence, Katy L. Delong
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Much research exists on the importance of high-intensity pleasure and self-regulation predicting various outcomes in adolescence. Less well understood is how these constructs interact. The present study includes 116 adolescents (Mage = 15.50, 61.7% male) and a participating parent. The present studied investigated if self-regulation moderated the association between high- intensity pleasure and adolescent outcomes including depressive symptoms, substance use, interpersonal functioning, and academic functioning. Covarying age and gender, main and moderation effects were examined with hierarchical linear regression and logistic regression analyses. More high-intensity pleasure only predicted parent-rated adolescent interpersonal functioning. Self-regulation predicted less likelihood of alcohol use in …
"Beyond The Veil": Queering Epistemologies, Imperial Anxieties, And The Quest For Forbidden Knowledge In Late-Victorian Gothic Literature, Kristen J. Davis
"Beyond The Veil": Queering Epistemologies, Imperial Anxieties, And The Quest For Forbidden Knowledge In Late-Victorian Gothic Literature, Kristen J. Davis
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This dissertation analyzes four late-Victorian imperial Gothic novels which focus on the British search for forbidden knowledge held by foreign and ancient Others. I demonstrate how the devastating outcomes of these tales illustrate the crisis of epistemology and undecidability felt by Victorians (often subconsciously) in relation to medico-legal policies like the colonial Contagious Diseases Acts and imperial campaigns such as the military intervention in 1880s Egypt to secure control of the Suez Canal. A chapter on Rider Haggard's She (1886-7) highlights the use of an (ultimately effective) Egyptian curse against the seemingly superior power of the imperialist; the ostensibly immortal …
The Effect Of Early Skin-To-Skin Contact On Breastfeeding Duration And Exclusivity: A Mixed Methods Study, Cristina Menking-Hoggatt
The Effect Of Early Skin-To-Skin Contact On Breastfeeding Duration And Exclusivity: A Mixed Methods Study, Cristina Menking-Hoggatt
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Background: Breastfeeding is beneficial to the health of both mother and infant and fosters optimal growth for the baby in the first two years of life. Evidence based guidelines followed by the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) includes Ten Steps. Step Four recommends placing the newborn skin-to-skin on the mother's chest to foster the initiation of breastfeeding in the first hour after birth.;Objectives: The first and second objective determined if skin-to-skin contact (SSC) between mother and infant in the healthy postpartum breastfeeding mother affected duration and exclusivity rates at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. The third objective described …
The Economic Benefits Of Portable Instrumentation On The Criminal Justice System: A Comprehensive Return-On-Investment Analysis, Korina Menking-Hoggatt
The Economic Benefits Of Portable Instrumentation On The Criminal Justice System: A Comprehensive Return-On-Investment Analysis, Korina Menking-Hoggatt
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Prosecuting crime is an expensive endeavor. This thesis compiles data from a variety of sources to show that, in 2015, the average cost of prosecuting a seized-drug case in the United States was about {dollar}26,000. Of that amount, crime laboratories only cost about {dollar}275 per seized-drug case, or less than ~1% of the total cost of prosecuting a drug case. We show that the criminal justice system could save millions of dollars per year by strategically investing in portable chemical instrumentation and conducting seized-drug confirmatory analyses at the scene of the crime, or at booking, instead of in the laboratory. …
Researching History And Performance Practice Regarding Improvisation And Ornamentation In Mozart's Keyboard Works, With Special Attention To Cadenzas, Josiane Merlino
Researching History And Performance Practice Regarding Improvisation And Ornamentation In Mozart's Keyboard Works, With Special Attention To Cadenzas, Josiane Merlino
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this paper is to examine the history and background of several keyboard works by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756--1791) and to consider how that research influences interpretation and shapes performance practice, with special attention to the composition of stylistically appropriate and historically informed cadenzas.;First in the paper, I talk about some aspects of performance practice including tempo, pedaling, articulation, and differences between Mozart's piano and modern pianos. Next, I discuss the importance of theoretical analysis and researching biographical events in a composer's life to know historical context of a piece. Ultimately, opportunities that are not notated in the …
Three Essays On Monetary Policy, Income Inequality, And Capital Flows, John Meszaros
Three Essays On Monetary Policy, Income Inequality, And Capital Flows, John Meszaros
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This dissertation is a collection of essays centered on monetary policy and central bank institutions and how they affect capital flows and income inequality. The first chapter concerns household debt and income inequality, which are both effected by the interest rate environment. As such, the high leverage ratio of households outside the top end of the income distribution has led many economists to assert that household debt has been an important component of the increase in income inequality in the United States. Mason and Jayadev (2014) define 3 variables that may affect household debt: an effective interest rate measure, inflation, …
The Assessment Of Fingerprint Quality For A More Effective Match Score In Minutiae-Based Matching Performers, Alyshia Meyers
The Assessment Of Fingerprint Quality For A More Effective Match Score In Minutiae-Based Matching Performers, Alyshia Meyers
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
One of the most common types of evidence recovered from a crime scene are latent fingerprints, however these impressions are often of low quality. The quality of a latent fingerprint is described as the degree to which the ridge details can be observed. If the quality of the latent fingerprint is very clear, a minutiae-based matching algorithm with automatic extraction may detect and utilize the minutiae that are truly present in the fingerprint. However, if the impression is of poor quality, the minutiae-based matching algorithm's automatic extraction may detect fewer features and could completely miss features resulting in the return …
Novel Treatment Strategies For Brain Metastases Of Breast Cancer, Afroz Shareef Mohammad
Novel Treatment Strategies For Brain Metastases Of Breast Cancer, Afroz Shareef Mohammad
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
About 20-40% of advanced breast cancer patients will develop symptomatic brain metastases. Once the patients diagnosed with metastatic brain tumors, there is 80% mortality rate within one year. The presence of blood-brain barrier makes it difficult for drugs to reach the site of action in brain-related ailments. To overcome we came up with two strategies: First, we encapsulated the chemotherapy in a liposome and thereby significantly improving the plasma pharmacokinetics of chemotherapy. We also observed that tumor drug exposure significantly improved by liposomal formulation. This improvement in plasma drug pharmacokinetics and tumor drug accumulation after administration of the liposomal formulation …