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Bacterial Adherence To Orthodontic Brackets: An In Vitro Study., Lawrence Joseph Kalaskey Iii Jan 1999

Bacterial Adherence To Orthodontic Brackets: An In Vitro Study., Lawrence Joseph Kalaskey Iii

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Different orthodontic appliances possesses distinct surface characteristics that enhance bacterial colonization therefore, increasing the risk for caries. The objectives in this study were to evaluate three bracket types by first, to optimize two bacterial indicators strain concentrations and incubation times, and, second, to determine the differences in adherence to these brackets, in vitro. 54 metallic(M), polycarbonate(PC) and ceramic(C) brackets, respectively were used with Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Lactobacilli casei (ATCC 393) as the bacteria. The indicator strains were incubated for 48-72hrs at 37C /CO2 then colony forming units(CFU’s) per ml. were counted in triplicates and measured by JSM-6400 S.E.M. …

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The Fernow Experimental Forest: An Analysis Of Historical Change., Jennifer Ann Mccullough Jan 1999

The Fernow Experimental Forest: An Analysis Of Historical Change., Jennifer Ann Mccullough

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Three sets of aerial photographs were employed to assess the historical changes within the US Forest Service (USFS) Fernow Experimental Forest in Parsons, West Virginia. The Fernow Experimental Forest was almost entirely clear-cut in the early part of the 20th century prior to its establishment in the 1930s. The USFS photographs acquired in 1956/58, 1972, and 1985 were the main source of data. The photographs were stereoscopically interpreted to identify mature forest, as well as selective cutting, clear-cutting, and areas that were regenerating following logging. The logging classes included areas of selective cutting, clear-cutting, and areas that were regenerating from …

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The Effect Of Utilizing A Third Point Of Reference On The Accuracy Of The Earbow Facebow., Henry Albert Miller Jan 1999

The Effect Of Utilizing A Third Point Of Reference On The Accuracy Of The Earbow Facebow., Henry Albert Miller

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

No abstract provided by the author.

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A Model For World Wide Web-Based Asynchronous Laboratory Learning In Engineering Education., Prashanth Kumar Salur Jan 1999

A Model For World Wide Web-Based Asynchronous Laboratory Learning In Engineering Education., Prashanth Kumar Salur

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

World Wide Web based Asynchronous Learning, a new concept in distance learning is gaining large scale acceptance among a number of universities and has become a basis for project work in various universities, colleges and even business enterprises. Asynchronous means that participants in a discussion need not engage in that discussion at the same time, a method to achieve high degree of interactivity among geographically separated learners independent of time or place. This project aims to develop such an Asynchronous Learning environment for laboratory learning containing interactive exercises with simulation experiences. Interactive exercises have been developed with multiple-choice questions and …

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The Effect Of Argon Laser Irradiation On Etched And Pumiced Human Enamel: An In Vitro Study., John Robert Schouten Jan 1999

The Effect Of Argon Laser Irradiation On Etched And Pumiced Human Enamel: An In Vitro Study., John Robert Schouten

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Decalcification around orthodontic appliances is an ongoing problem during orthodontic treatment. Argon laser irradiation has been shown to decrease the solubility of enamel. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of argon laser irradiation on the solubility of etched and pumiced enamel. Twelve human third molar teeth were sliced into six 1mm sections, one section from each tooth was randomly assigned to one of 6 groups: I. No treatment, II. Argon laser irradiation at 120 J/cm2, III. Pumiced enamel, IV Pumiced enamel and laser irradiation, V. Pumiced and etched enamel, VI. Pumiced and etched enamel plus laser …

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An Analysis Of The Trends In Energy Conservation Studies Of The Iac Program., Nithya Sundararajan Jan 1999

An Analysis Of The Trends In Energy Conservation Studies Of The Iac Program., Nithya Sundararajan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Small and medium-sized manufacturing plants (those with fewer than 500 employees) represent more than 98 percent of the more than 374,000 establishments in the U.S. manufacturing industry, 64 percent of employees in the total manufacturing labor force, and more than 42 percent of total manufacturing energy consumption. In 1976 the federal government started funding industrial energy audits for small and medium sized manufacturing firms under the auspices of the Industrial Assessment Centers (IAC) that are spread throughout the U.S. The data collected from the hundreds of energy audits that are conducted each year is collected in a database maintained by …

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Summer Transition Entry Program: A Program For High-Risk Freshmen In Higher Education., Jeffrey Clark Wertheimer Jan 1999

Summer Transition Entry Program: A Program For High-Risk Freshmen In Higher Education., Jeffrey Clark Wertheimer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

There has been a major concern for retention in higher education, and recently the college dropout rate for students before they reach their second year has reached a record high (Geraghty, 1996). To combat this trend, a university developed a Summer Transition Entry Program (STEP) for at-risk students. The program’s mission was to help bridge the gap for students who have the academic potential but not the academic credentials to be admitted. This study investigated the utility of the STEP program in regards to retention rate and psychosocial development of first-year at-risk students. Results indicated that participation in the STEP …

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Backcalculation Of Pavement Layers Moduli Using Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Explicit Finite Element Analysis., Gergis W. William Jan 1999

Backcalculation Of Pavement Layers Moduli Using Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Explicit Finite Element Analysis., Gergis W. William

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

After reviewing the existing literature on FWD testing and backcalculation algorithms, a new backcalculation approach based on Three Dimensional Finite Element Modeling (3D FEM) was developed. This approach accounts for the transient dynamic nature of FWD load, the three dimensional geometry of the pavement structure, and the friction and bonding characteristics of pavement layers interfaces. The 3D FEM backcalculation approach was used to backcalculate the layers moduli of flexible, rigid, and composite pavement sites located in West Virginia. The layers moduli of each site were also evaluated using three widely used backcalculation algorithms: MODULUS, EVERCALC, and MODCOMP. Comparison of their …

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The Familial Contexts Of Ego-Resiliency In Pre-Schoolers., Sherry J. Burchett Jan 1999

The Familial Contexts Of Ego-Resiliency In Pre-Schoolers., Sherry J. Burchett

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study explored the familial contexts of ego-resiliency. Ego-resiliency is the extent that an individual can modify his impulse expression to meet the demands of changing situations. Sixty mothers of children aged 3 to 6 years along with the children’s teachers were used. Mothers completed the Family Environment Scale and the Hollingshead Index of Social Status. Teachers completed the “Common Language” Child Q-Set to measure ego-resiliency in the child. No sex differences existed in the mean r-value for ego-resiliency. Younger children had higher ego-resiliency levels on the Cohesion, Independence, Active-Recreational Orientation, Moral Religious Emphasis, and Control subscales. Families high in …

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The Analysis Of Pipeline Leak Tests Using Degadis Model., Alexander Chamorro Jan 1999

The Analysis Of Pipeline Leak Tests Using Degadis Model., Alexander Chamorro

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Pipeline leaks are of major concern to natural gas industry. They can result in loss of revenue, potential danger to public, and environmental damage. To ensure pipeline safety and reliability, a ground surveillance program to detect leaks is conducted on annual basis. Considering the number of miles of natural gas pipeline, this method is time consuming and expensive. There has been interest in developing other methods for rapid survey of natural gas pipelines. An aerial pipeline leak detection system has been developed recently that utilizes an aircraft equipped with flame ionization hydrocarbon detector for analyzing the samples taken over the …

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Development Of Expert Systems In Heating, Ventilating And Air-Conditioning (Hvac): An Energy Approach., Raghavendra Srinivas Chillarige Jan 1999

Development Of Expert Systems In Heating, Ventilating And Air-Conditioning (Hvac): An Energy Approach., Raghavendra Srinivas Chillarige

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The recent rapid escalation of fuel costs, the instability of supplies and predicted future limitations have focussed attention on the need for a complete “re-think” on fuel and energy usage, with particular emphasis on energy conservation. Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning systems are the major energy consuming equipment in any industry after the Process equipment. The design and use of HVAC systems is therefore an important decision making step in Industry. The Evaluation of heat recovery, the estimation of heating and cooling loads form the basis for using available energy efficiently. The estimation of space loads is vital for the sizing …

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An Examination Of An Interpersonal Dominance Construct., John Griffin Cole Jan 1999

An Examination Of An Interpersonal Dominance Construct., John Griffin Cole

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study examines the validity and reliability of an interactional measure of Interpersonal Dominance. The study employed surveys from 202 college students, and examined self-report data with regards to two temperament measures (the Eysenck Personality Inventory and the Five-Factor Model of Personality), several trait communication variables (Socio-Communicative Orientation, Communication Apprehension, Self-Report of Immediacy, Shyness, and Verbal Aggression), and the interactional measure of Interpersonal Dominance as advanced by Burgoon, Johnson, and Koch (1998). The study determined that the Interpersonal Dominance measure advanced by Burgoon et al. may in fact be measuring trait communication variables, and not necessarily interaction. This study also …

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Electron Paramagnetic Resonance And Electron Nuclear Double Resonance Study Of Niobium(5+) Hole Center In Cadmium Tungstate., Catalina I. Dorin Jan 1999

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance And Electron Nuclear Double Resonance Study Of Niobium(5+) Hole Center In Cadmium Tungstate., Catalina I. Dorin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR ) and electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) techniques have been used to characterize the Nb5+ hole center in CdWO4 In this center , a hole in trapped on an oxygen ion adjacent to a Nb5+ ion substituting for a W6+ Hyperfine and nuclear quadrupole interactions associated with the niobium nucleus (100% abundant, I = 9/2) dominate the EPR spectra. The measured g matrix confirms that Nb5+hole center is indeed a holelike defect. The ENDOR results provided a direct measure of the gNβN value for the nucleus responsible for the hyperfine, and served to confirm that a …

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An Exploration Of The Relationship Of Nonverbal Aggression With Verbal Aggression, Nonverbal Immediacy Assertiveness, And Responsiveness., Jamie Leigh Geiser Jan 1999

An Exploration Of The Relationship Of Nonverbal Aggression With Verbal Aggression, Nonverbal Immediacy Assertiveness, And Responsiveness., Jamie Leigh Geiser

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A need to study the nonverbal aspect of aggression is argued because the inclusion of nonverbal aspects within the original conception of verbal aggression suggests that the role of nonverbal cues in the expression of aggression might be stronger than originally thought. To test the potential relationship of nonverbal aggression with other personality variables, a 30-item scale of nonverbal aggression was developed. A study of 179 college students is reported which sought to investigate the possibility that nonverbal aggression is related to verbal aggression, nonverbal immediacy, assertiveness, and responsiveness. Gender differences in nonverbal aggression was also investigated. The results revealed …

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The Effects Of Verbal Aggression Involving Father/Son Dyad On Compliance-Gaining And Affect., Michael Charles Germano Jan 1999

The Effects Of Verbal Aggression Involving Father/Son Dyad On Compliance-Gaining And Affect., Michael Charles Germano

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The study examined the relationship between father and son when the father employed verbally aggressive strategies. Further, this study examined the level of affect that the son would have toward their father when such strategies were employed. Finally, this study was designed to examine the compliance level of sons toward their father when verbal aggression was present in their relationship. This study included 162 participants from a large Mid-Atlantic University. The results showed that fathers will gain less compliance from their college-aged sons using verbally aggressive messages. Furthermore, sons will not have a positive affect towards their father when verbal …

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Compliance-Gaining In The Classroom: The Effects Of The Use Of Behavior Alteration Techniques And Power., Randall P. Gonyea Jan 1999

Compliance-Gaining In The Classroom: The Effects Of The Use Of Behavior Alteration Techniques And Power., Randall P. Gonyea

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study examined the relationship between teachers’ use of behavior alteration techniques and power, and students’ compliance. Participants rated their teachers’ BATs (pro-social or anti-social) and power (coercive, reward, legitimate, referent, or expert), along with their degree of compliance to specific teacher requests. After dividing the teachers into two groups (pro-social BATs and expert or referent power, or all other combinations), an ANCOVA was run to test the relationship between the two groups and student compliance. Contrary to the hypothesis, the groups were not found to differ on their compliance. This finding was mainly due to the co-variates (teacher nonverbal …

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The Effects Of Thinning Intensity On Snag And Cavity Tree Abundance In An Appalachian Hardwood Stand., Aaron T. Graves Jan 1999

The Effects Of Thinning Intensity On Snag And Cavity Tree Abundance In An Appalachian Hardwood Stand., Aaron T. Graves

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Traditional silvicultural practices focus on manipulating forest vegetation structure for commodity production. Structural features important to wildlife, such as snags, trees with decay, and cavity trees are also affected by forest management, but these effects are often not quantified. This study measured the effects of different thinning intensities (45, 60, 75% residual relative densities, and uncut controls), heartwood decay resistance (resistant, slight), and time of formation (pre or post-treatment) on the density, basal area, and volume of snags and decayed wood in an Appalachian hardwood stand. Cavity trees considered useful to local woodpecker species were also measured. Results indicated that …

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Uneven Development Of Nature: An Historical Geography Of Ohiopyle State Park., Richard James Hoch Jan 1999

Uneven Development Of Nature: An Historical Geography Of Ohiopyle State Park., Richard James Hoch

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis examines the use of nature in the uneven development of Ohiopyle State Park, located sixty miles to the southeast of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The production of this park resulted from a complex system of socio-spatial relationships that existed between Ohiopyle and Pittsburgh during the city's industrialization. The thesis has two objectives: (1) to demonstrate that the park is a space of produced nature, resulting from decades of human activity; and (2) to illustrate the various ways in which the production of this park is an extension of the production of the Pittsburgh industrial space. The thesis addresses these objectives …

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Gene Expression Of Components Of The Calpain System: M-Calpain, μ-Calpain And Calpastatin In Male And Female Broiler Skeletal Muscle., Anitha Cholayil Janardhanan Jan 1999

Gene Expression Of Components Of The Calpain System: M-Calpain, μ-Calpain And Calpastatin In Male And Female Broiler Skeletal Muscle., Anitha Cholayil Janardhanan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Muscle growth is regulated by the balance between the two opposing processes of protein synthesis and protein degradation. The calpain system consisting of two ubiquitous proteolytic enzymes m-calpain, µ-calpain and calpastatin (their endogenous inhibitor) is considered to be the major proteolytic system that catalyzes the initiation of myofibrillar protein degradation in muscle. Gene expression studies of the calpain system were carried out in male and female broiler skeletal muscle from breast (pectoralis), leg (semitendinosus) and wing (brachi) in chickens one week through six weeks of age. The RNA isolated from these tissues was used as template for reverse-transcription to synthesize …

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An Investigation Of Complex Formation By The Drosophila Circadian Clock Protein Double-Time And The Effects Of The Double-TimeS Mutation On Complex Formation., Madhavi Kalive Jan 1999

An Investigation Of Complex Formation By The Drosophila Circadian Clock Protein Double-Time And The Effects Of The Double-TimeS Mutation On Complex Formation., Madhavi Kalive

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The double-time ( dbt) gene in Drosophila encodes a protein (DBT) related to casein kinase I.This thesis examines whether DBT associates with other proteins besides PER, and whether the association of DBT might change as a function of time of day and genotype in vivo. DBT binds in vitro to several parts of PER and TIM, and to the N terminal of DBT. At all times of day in vivo, a significant fraction of DBT sediments with a molecular weight greater than that of its monomer. In dbtS flies, DBTS may associate more effectively than wild type DBT with other …

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Familial Influences On Adolescent Adjustment: The Sibling Relationship Within The Family System., Catherine Joan Massey Jan 1999

Familial Influences On Adolescent Adjustment: The Sibling Relationship Within The Family System., Catherine Joan Massey

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The first objective of the present study was to examine the associations among adolescent adjustment outcomes and several family relationships. The second objective was to investigate the sibling relationship as a potential source of support for adolescents living in high marital conflict homes. Seventy-eight (44 females, 34 males) adolescents (39 sibling pairs) completed several questionnaires regarding their behaviors, self-concept, and perceived social support from family relationships. Level of marital conflict was negatively related to adolescent self-concept and positively associated with adolescent internalizing and externalizing behaviors. The quality of the parent-adolescent and sibling relationships were positively correlated with adolescent self concept …

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The Need For Cancer Data Specific To American Indian And Alaskan Native Populations., Theda J. Mcpheron Keel Jan 1999

The Need For Cancer Data Specific To American Indian And Alaskan Native Populations., Theda J. Mcpheron Keel

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cancer among American Indian and Alaskan Native populations has become a major health concern. Data needs is an issue that Nationwide directly impact cancer among these populations. This thesis focuses on the critical need for cancer data specific to tribal populations and identifies the barriers which impede its progress A literature review provides an overview of the major National data systems in place in relationship to cancer and tribal populations. To assess tribal persons and document their perspective concerning cancer data, a cross sectional inventory survey have been completed and is included. Comparisons have been made and conclusions focused in …

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Pulmonary Response To Silica: Role Of Apoptosis., Fernando Antonio Suarez Jan 1999

Pulmonary Response To Silica: Role Of Apoptosis., Fernando Antonio Suarez

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Occupational exposure to crystalline silica has been associated with lung damage and fibrosis. Although previous studies have demonstrated that silica induces apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, its role in the pathogenesis of silicosis remains unknown. The purpose of the present study was to: 1) characterize silica-induced apoptosis in vitro; 2) establish a temporal relationship between silica exposure, the induction of apoptosis, and lung inflammation/damage; and 3) investigate the role of apoptosis in the differential susceptibilities of two mouse strains to silica. First, experiments were undertaken to characterize the apoptotic response of rat alveolar macrophages in vitro. Primary alveolar …

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Microstructure And Electron Emission Characterization Of The Initial Stages Of Diamond Growth On Silicon(100)., Vikram Lilo Tolani Jan 1999

Microstructure And Electron Emission Characterization Of The Initial Stages Of Diamond Growth On Silicon(100)., Vikram Lilo Tolani

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Atomic force and scanning tunneling microscopes have been used to characterize the microstructure and electron emission properties of diamond films grown on Si(100). In particular, we have focussed on the evolution of these film characteristics as diamond and SiC nucleate on Si(100) at 800°C by reaction with C2H4 gas under 5x10-5torr pressure. Under these conditions, there is possibly a brief period of 2-D layer-by-layer growth, but there is a tendency for the film to rapidly convert to a 3-D growth mode marked by the persistence of small primary nuclei ~400-600Å wide and ~5-6 lattice steps high. The in-air electron emission …

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The Ecg Signal Processing By Adsp-21062 Digital Signal Processor., Limin Wang Jan 1999

The Ecg Signal Processing By Adsp-21062 Digital Signal Processor., Limin Wang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

About 350,000 people die each year due to sudden cardiac death. The use of the Implantable Cardioverter / Defibrillator (ICD) makes it possible for an emergency defibrillation system to be always available to those patients that in high risk of sudden cardiac death. For this kind of technique, real-time detection and identification of arrhythmia automatically is important. Detection of arrhythmia usually involves complex algorithmic calculations, reducing the ability to provide immediate therapy. In this project, Analog Device’s ADSP-21062 digital signal processor is introduced as a candidate for the main processor of ICD. Cross-correlation, a method for detecting arrhythmias, is used …

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The Effect Of The Electrode Composition On Electron Transfer Through An Electroactive Monolayer., Kwansik Yoon Jan 1999

The Effect Of The Electrode Composition On Electron Transfer Through An Electroactive Monolayer., Kwansik Yoon

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis describes the development of methods for determining the rate constants between a single type of an electroactive self-assembled monolayer on four metals: Au, Pt, Ag, and Hg. Marcus density-of-states theory predicts that the standard rate constant is proportional to the density of states (DOS) of the metal. The DOS increases by a factor of ten for the four metals above. Tafel plots are obtained from which the standard rate constant and the reorganization energy are extracted. Within experimental uncertainty, the standard rate constant is the same on Au, Pt, and Ag. Surprisingly, the reorganization energy is half as …

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The Connection Between The Current Penetration-Based National Ambient Air Quality Standard And Dose Can Be Considered Questionable., Michael T. Berakis Jan 1999

The Connection Between The Current Penetration-Based National Ambient Air Quality Standard And Dose Can Be Considered Questionable., Michael T. Berakis

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This research examined the bias between penetration (as PM2.5) and deposition (as deposited submicrometer particulate DSP) due to the variability of ambient air particle size distributions. A size mobility particle analyzer and portable dust monitor were used to measure count and mass data at three locations in Morgantown West Virginia It was found that over 50% of the median diameters are less than 1µm. A correlation between deposition and penetration was found even though the PM 2.5 criterion is not a good indication of dose. This was due to a lack of variability in the measured distributions. Further research is …

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Acoustic Properties Of A Two-Dimensional Fracture During Formation., Erika Echavarria Jan 1999

Acoustic Properties Of A Two-Dimensional Fracture During Formation., Erika Echavarria

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Hydraulic fractures are created to increase the productivity of oil and gas wells. The extent of improvement depends on the formation permeability, fracture conductivity and the fracture geometry, specifically the fracture length. The cost of fracturing is directly proportional to the volume pumped and the rate of pumping, respectively depending on the amount of proppant and horsepower available. In the design of a well fracturing job, many critical decisions have to be made, related to the desired length, width and height of the fractures to be created. The design specifies the type of fluids pumped and the pumping rate schedule. …

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Wvu: Interactive Web-Based Distance Learning Tool., Naga Raju Bussa Jan 1999

Wvu: Interactive Web-Based Distance Learning Tool., Naga Raju Bussa

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Learning is a process of integrating the new and unfamiliar with the complex, pre-existing structure of knowledge that exists within an individual’s mind. Education, which takes place while the educator and learner are separated by time, distance, or both, is defined as Distance Education. The demand for educational software is growing exponentially with the surge of interest in educational reform, the Internet and Distance Education. The use of Internet and specifically the World Wide Web (Web) as a media for distance education is an evolving solution to the problem of increasing numbers of students in the University setting. To meet …

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Does Culture Translate: Can We Make The Words Our Own?, Kathleen C. Gallivan Jan 1999

Does Culture Translate: Can We Make The Words Our Own?, Kathleen C. Gallivan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A collaborative effort between the Departments of Theatre and Foreign Languages, the study, using ethnographic techniques, documents the process of developing cultural awareness of a young group of actors as they rehearsed a post Spanish Civil War play. Analysis of data collected over five weeks through interviews, a demographic questionnaire, and observations by both the thesis director and the researcher reveal that with motivation and a little guidance students will connect, and further, understand another culture. These findings are significant since the use of theatre in this fashion offers a means to motivate students and peak interest in target culture, …

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