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Development Of A Micro-Dilution Tunnel System For In-Use, On-Board Heavy-Duty Vehicle Particulate Matter Emissions Measurement, Emily Deanna Cirillo Aug 2001

Development Of A Micro-Dilution Tunnel System For In-Use, On-Board Heavy-Duty Vehicle Particulate Matter Emissions Measurement, Emily Deanna Cirillo

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A novel portable particulate matter measuring system was designed, developed and qualified. The heavy-duty engine Federal Test Procedure (FTP) requires the use of a full-flow tunnel to measure particulate emissions from diesel fueled engines. However, a full-flow tunnel based constant volume sampler (CVS) system is not only expensive to build and maintain, it also requires a large work space. The portable micro-dilution system that could be used for measuring on-board, in-use emissions from heavy-duty vehicles would cost significantly less. The micro-dilution tunnel operates on the same principle as a full-flow dilution tunnel. The added advantage of the proposed design is …

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Physiological Study Of Cold Acclimation In Rhododendron Sp. With Emphasis On Role Of Dehydrins, Calin O. Marian Aug 2001

Physiological Study Of Cold Acclimation In Rhododendron Sp. With Emphasis On Role Of Dehydrins, Calin O. Marian

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In this study we established the significance of 25 kDa dehydrin accumulation during cold acclimation (CA) in a wide array of Rhododendron species. These species (24 in total) belong to two diverse subgenera, Hymenanthes and Rhododendron, native to diverse latitudes and altitudes. The dehydrin of interest is highly conserved in Rhododendron genus and was present and up-regulated during CA in all the species studied with one exception---R. brookeanum ---a species adapted to tropics. Some other dehydrins were also found to accumulate in response to cold acclimation in several species, but none of these accumulated consistently. Experimental data show that there …

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Green Tea Antioxidants Inhibition Of Oxidation And Mutation, Paul Stout Mcconnell Aug 2001

Green Tea Antioxidants Inhibition Of Oxidation And Mutation, Paul Stout Mcconnell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Green tea is a complex mixture containing several major potent antioxidants e.g., flavins and/or polyphenols. These antioxidants in green tea may react directly or indirectly with strong oxidizers e.g. peroxynitrite or its constituents (superoxide or nitric oxide). Green tea antioxidants can destroy the oxidants. Based on a simple chemical interaction of peroxynitrite (OONO-) and luminol, blue light is produced upon oxidation. It was shown that green tea and constituents have light inhibitory capabilities. In order to show the possible beneficial effects of green tea with DNA, plasmids were chosen to determine whether or not green tea was also capable of …

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Ante- And Post-Mortem Factors Affect Muscle Protein Functionality From Fish, Sitima Jittinandana Aug 2001

Ante- And Post-Mortem Factors Affect Muscle Protein Functionality From Fish, Sitima Jittinandana

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, fillets were brined in 8.7 or 17.4% (w/v) sodium chloride solution, respectively, for 30, 60, 90, or 120 min at 3°C. Increased brine concentration decreased brined pH, myosin solubility, brined and cooked moisture content, and water activity, and increased fillet weight loss after brining, cook yield, actin solubility, water-phase salt content, and shear force. Brining time linearly increased myofibrillar protein solubility, fillet weight loss after brining, water-phase salt content, and cooked ash content and linearly decreased water activity and brined and cooked moisture content. An 8.7% (w/v) brine and 90-min brining time resulted in maximum texture …

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Transport And Utilization Of Arginine And Arginine-Containing Peptides By Rat Alveolar Macrophages, Xiaodong Yang Aug 2001

Transport And Utilization Of Arginine And Arginine-Containing Peptides By Rat Alveolar Macrophages, Xiaodong Yang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Purpose. To demonstrate that alveolar macrophages (AM) from rats exhibit pepT1-like transporter for the uptake of small arginine-containing peptides (ACPs) and utilized these peptides as direct substrates for nitric oxide (NO) production.;Method. A HPLC assay was developed for quantitative measurement of Arg and ACPs in rat plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. The uptake of small peptides by rat AM was evaluated using fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC)-labeled (*) peptides (Arg-Lys*, beta-Ala-Lys*, and Gly-Sar-Lys*), HPLC analysis of potential peptide degradation, and known inhibitors on arginine (Arg) and PepT1 transport. NO production by AM through Arg and ACPs was studied with and without …

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Functional Profiles Of Growth-Related Genes During Embryogenesis And Postnatal Development Of Chicken And Mouse Skeletal Muscle, Hakan Kocamis Aug 2001

Functional Profiles Of Growth-Related Genes During Embryogenesis And Postnatal Development Of Chicken And Mouse Skeletal Muscle, Hakan Kocamis

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to measure myostatin, follistatin, activin-B gene expressions during chicken embryonic development. Strong myostatin expression was found in the early chicken embryos (E 0, E 1) and the developmental expression pattern of myostatin mRNA coincided with the periods of primary and secondary muscle fiber formation. Follistatin transcripts followed a linear expression pattern from E 0 to E 20, while activin-B had a quadratic pattern. The ontogeny of myostatin gene expression was nearly identical in satellite cells isolated from pectoralis major (PM) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles of chicken. Activin-B mRNA level in PM satellite …

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Nondestructive Testing Of Reinforced And Prestressed Concrete Structures Using Acoustic Waveguides, Komwut Wissawapaisal Aug 2001

Nondestructive Testing Of Reinforced And Prestressed Concrete Structures Using Acoustic Waveguides, Komwut Wissawapaisal

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The main objective of this research is to develop both passive and active nondestructive testing techniques for reinforced and prestressed concrete structures using acoustic waveguides. The first technique introduces a two-dimensional surface waveguide to enlarge the acoustic emission (AE) monitoring area of a reinforced concrete structure. A two-dimensional steel wire system is developed as an acoustic waveguide to study the AE behavior of a reinforced concrete floor slab. AE sensors are mounted to the end of the waveguides to detect AE signals, which are generated by pencil-lead breaks at various locations on concrete surface. Results show that the use of …

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Factors Influencing Crosslink Formation In Muscle Tissue, Maricica Pacurari Aug 2001

Factors Influencing Crosslink Formation In Muscle Tissue, Maricica Pacurari

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of the crosslink breaker ALT-711 on the concentration of soluble collagen, as well as its effectiveness on meat tenderness.;Final body weights were not affected by treatments. Muscle tenderness was higher (p < 0.05) for TB, SS, BF, ST, and LT (p < 0.10) for A-maturity animals compared to control and ALT-711 treated animals. No consistent ALT-711 effect on shear force measurements was found. Shear force increased linearly with age BF, R2 = 0.94; SM, R2 = 0.81; LL, R 2 = 0.77; SS, R2 = 0.63; LT, R2 = 0.32; TB, R2 = 0.37; ST, R2 = 0.40. Total collagen content was not different (p > 0.10) between A-maturity, control and ALT-711 treated animals. However, the concentration of soluble collagen was higher (P < 0.05) for A-maturity group. Insoluble collagen content was higher (p < 0.05) for longissimus thoracis, biceps femoris, and (p < 0.10) for supraspinatus of control animals. Muscle soluble collagen content decreased linearly as chronological age increased LT R2 = 0.98; LL R 2 = 0.92; TB R2 = 0.99; BF R2 = 0.99; ST R2 = 0.95; SM R2 = 0.99; SS R2 = 0.36. The soluble collagen percentage was higher for ALT-711 treated animals compared to control animals.;ALT-711 tended to increase muscle soluble collagen content of aged cattle. ALT-711 may be an effective age-related collagen crosslink breaker. However, ALT-711 may not be used to improve meat quality of aged cattle.

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Economic Evaluation Of Three Preventive Drug Therapies For Osteoporotic Fractures Among Women At Different Risk Levels, Xin Gao Aug 2001

Economic Evaluation Of Three Preventive Drug Therapies For Osteoporotic Fractures Among Women At Different Risk Levels, Xin Gao

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Objective. To evaluate cost-effectiveness (CE) of three drug therapies for preventing osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women from a state Medicaid Program perspective using the estimated risk distribution in the study population. The three therapies are: hormone replacement therapy (HRT), alendronate, and raloxifene. Methods. A hypothetical cohort of white women aged 45--85 years, postmenopausal, and without past incidence of osteoporotic fractures was treated with one of the three alternatives, and tracked over 3 years in a decision model. The CE ratio was defined as the treatment costs [e.g., medications, monitoring, adverse events (AE)] divided by the number of fractures averted. Treatment …

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Problem -Solving Communication Training And Behavioral Exchange For The Treatment Of Parent -Adolescent Conflict, Ethan Sage Long May 2001

Problem -Solving Communication Training And Behavioral Exchange For The Treatment Of Parent -Adolescent Conflict, Ethan Sage Long

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Elevated levels of parent-adolescent conflict have been associated with a number of adolescent problem behaviors. One treatment that appears to be effective in reducing family conflict is Problem Solving Communication Training (PSCT). Research has indicated that PSCT appears to be an effective and acceptable treatment program for reducing parent-adolescent conflict. However, researchers have suggested some possible limitations associated with PSCT treatment. Many of the identified limitations of PSCT potentially may be addressed with the inclusion of a Behavioral Exchange (BE) treatment component. Evidence supporting this hypothesis is provided by the documented success of Behavioral Marital Therapy, a treatment package that …

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Generic Pronouns And Their Influence On The Speakers' Language Awareness, Maike Engelhardt May 2001

Generic Pronouns And Their Influence On The Speakers' Language Awareness, Maike Engelhardt

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The English language is a genderless language in which nouns receive grammatical gender through natural gender assignment. The generic pronoun encoded in English is the pronoun he, which next to its secondary meaning of the generic also has the primary meaning of the third person masculine singular. Following the moderate version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, English speaking societies may therefore be considered androcentric societies, since the unmarked use of the generic he makes everyone in this society male until explicitly proven otherwise. In this thesis I explore the history of the generic pronoun in English and offer suggestions for a …

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Pretreatment And Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Lignocellulosic Materials, Wei Cheng May 2001

Pretreatment And Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Lignocellulosic Materials, Wei Cheng

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This research aims to increase the efficiency of utilizing lignocellulosic materials, which have great potential as future energy and chemical feed stocks, and may finally substitute the diminishing hydrocarbon resources. This work involved two main parts: (a) comparison of efficiency of different pretreatment methods on lignocellulosic materials; and (b) enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis in a continuous tubular membrane reactor (TMR) process.;The alkaline oxidation pretreatment method was found to be more efficient than ammonia steeping pretreatment in lignin removal and digestible cellulose enrichment for the raw substrates chosen for this study, namely, yellow poplar (hardwood) and corn cob (herbaceous crop).;A combination of …

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Pattern Recognition In Software Engineering Trend Adapting, Dapeng Chen May 2001

Pattern Recognition In Software Engineering Trend Adapting, Dapeng Chen

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Whether and when to adapt to certain software engineering trends are difficult questions to be answered by many decision-makers. The main reasons are due to the fact that evolution of software engineering trends itself is determined by various factors, many of which come from the fields outside of the software technology, thus hard to predict. So it is even harder to estimate the cost and benefit when adapting to certain trends. This paper is intended to study ways to decrease the risk involved in such decision making processes, by developing a pattern from past software engineering trends. While the pattern …

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Attitudes, Knowledge, And Implementation Of Biotechnology And Agriscience By West Virginia Agricultural Education Teachers, Jason E. Hughes May 2001

Attitudes, Knowledge, And Implementation Of Biotechnology And Agriscience By West Virginia Agricultural Education Teachers, Jason E. Hughes

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to provide information on the attitudes toward and knowledge level of biotechnology and agriscience as well as activities conducted which demonstrate implementation of biotechnology and agriscience by West Virginia Agricultural Education teachers.;Data was collected via a questionnaire. Knowledge level, teaching methods used, attitudes of the subject and teaching responsibilities, barriers to teaching, and preferred information sources of biotechnology and agriscience were the major parts. Demographics and level of science knowledge were other parts of the questionnaire.;A major finding of the study was that West Virginia agricultural education teachers possess a positive attitude towards biotechnology, …

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Effects Of Sediment Upon Benthic Macroinvertebrates In Forested Northern Appalachian Streams, Michael Douglas Kaller May 2001

Effects Of Sediment Upon Benthic Macroinvertebrates In Forested Northern Appalachian Streams, Michael Douglas Kaller

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Excess fine sediment negatively influences the fauna of North American streams. With the current emphasis on multiple-use forests, the question is not whether fine sediment is detrimental, but what is the threshold of fine sediment that is tolerable?;To determine a threshold tolerance of fine sediment, a two-part project investigated the influence of fine sediment upon benthic macroinvertebrates. The first part encompassed two experiments in sediment manipulation in 1999 and 2000. The experiments tested benthic macroinvertebrate metric sensitivity to a range of fine sediment treatments. The second part involved four seasonal surveys of seven streams to determine the threshold amount of …

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Identification, Localization And Metal-Catalyzed Induction Of Specific Metallothionein Isoforms Expressed By The Adult Human Lens, Brian Patrick Opperman May 2001

Identification, Localization And Metal-Catalyzed Induction Of Specific Metallothionein Isoforms Expressed By The Adult Human Lens, Brian Patrick Opperman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Purpose. Metallothioneins (MT s) are a large family of proteins involved in multiple protective pathways, including binding of toxic metals and oxidative stress. Previously we detected increased expression of MT IIA in age-related human cataractous lenses. As a first step towards defining the function of MTs in the lens, we sought to establish the expression patterns of those MT isoforms expressed by the adult human lens and identify those toxic heavy metal inducers of MT IIA. Conclusions. This data establishes the spectrum of MTs expressed by the human lens, defines their spatial expression patterns (mRNA and protein level) and establishes …

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Effects Of Type-I Collagen Fractional Composition And Pyridinium Crosslink Content On Cortical Bone Strength In The Human Femur, Michael Blair Rice May 2001

Effects Of Type-I Collagen Fractional Composition And Pyridinium Crosslink Content On Cortical Bone Strength In The Human Femur, Michael Blair Rice

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Type-I collagen's role in the formation of bone and its inherent strength have been well documented by studies in genetic diseases such as Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Type-I collagen's role in healthy bone, and the changes that occur to collagen during aging, which may eventually lead to osteoporosis, is less understood. Changes that may occur include differences in collagen production and in its processing such as differences in glycosylation and the hydroxylation of specific amino acid residues. Changes in the reducible and non-reducible crosslink content, or changes in the ratio of crosslinks to total collagen may also occur. The present study investigated …

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Mutagenicity Of Root Canal Sealer Rsa Roekoseal Automix In The Ames Test, Joseph Anthony Wateska May 2001

Mutagenicity Of Root Canal Sealer Rsa Roekoseal Automix In The Ames Test, Joseph Anthony Wateska

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The mutagenic activities of the root canal sealers, RSA Roekoseal Automix and AHPIus, were tested in the bacterial gene mutation assay (Ames test). Both materials were tested immediately after mixing and after setting 24 h. The Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98 and TA 100 were used to detect the induction of frame shift mutations and base pair substitutions both in the presence and absence of a metabolically active microsomal fraction from rat liver (S9 fraction). No mutagenic or toxic effects were found with DMSO eluates of freshly mixed or 24h set RSA Roekoseal Automix. However, under extreme experimental conditions, DMSO …

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Objective And Subjective Personality Characteristics Of Medical Students, Heather Anderson Meit May 2001

Objective And Subjective Personality Characteristics Of Medical Students, Heather Anderson Meit

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The present study viewed personality characteristics of medical students using both objective (i.e., a valid and reliable psychological instrument) and subjective methods (i.e., medical students' self-ratings of how they viewed themselves and how they believed others viewed them). The 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF, 5th Edition) and a researcher developed instrument, the Subjective Rating Form (SRF), were utilized in this study. Significant differences were found in 16PF scores from entry to medical school (Time 1) to exit from medical school (Time 2). Significant differences were also observed when SRF scores were compared between Self at Time 1 (retrospectively), Self at …

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Sorption Of Lead And Arsenic On Soil Components And Effectiveness Of Phosphates For Remediating Lead And Arsenic Contaminated Soils, Harjinder Sandhu May 2001

Sorption Of Lead And Arsenic On Soil Components And Effectiveness Of Phosphates For Remediating Lead And Arsenic Contaminated Soils, Harjinder Sandhu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

High concentration of trace elements such as arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) represents one of the potentially costly threats to water and soil resources as well as serious threats to humans. Clay minerals are potential binding agents for pollutants due to their high cation exchange capacity and large surface area. Laboratory investigations were undertaken to evaluate the effect of Fe and Al hydrous oxide coatings on the sorption of Pb and As. Four clay minerals attapulgite, illite, kaolinite and montmorillonite with a range of surface characteristics were selected to investigate the Pb and As sorption. The minerals were coated with …

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Genetic Evaluation Of Cytochrome P450 Expression In Smoking And Nonsmoking Women, Satya Vijayanand Vadlamuri May 2001

Genetic Evaluation Of Cytochrome P450 Expression In Smoking And Nonsmoking Women, Satya Vijayanand Vadlamuri

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

1. Regiospecific expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 in human uterus of nonsmokers. The goal of this study was to investigate the expression of these isoforms in different regions of the human uterus. Expression was determined in the endometrium, endocervix and squamous (exocervix) regions from six nonsmoking women by using RT-PCR. The transcripts encoding for CYP1A1 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the squamous (exocervix) region compared to other areas. However the expression of CYP1B1 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the endometrium. CYP1B1 expression appeared to be extremely low in a woman in the secretory stage of the menstrual phase, relative to the endometrium of the other patients who were all in the proliferative stage at hysterectomy. It appears that variability in the expression of these isoforms may be responsible for the differential susceptibility to cancer in women.;2. Influence of menstrual phase and smoking status on expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 in different regions of the uterus. The goal of this study was to investigate the expression of these isoforms in different regions of the uterus from smokers and nonsmokers. These results indicate that CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 are expressed variably in different regions of the human uterus. The expression of CYP1B1 may be susceptible both to hormonal control and cigarette smoking. The variability in the expression of these isoforms may be responsible for the differential susceptibility to cancer in some women.;3. The effect of menstrual phase on CYP3A expression in human endometrium. The CYP3A family consists of four closely related proteins. Of these, CYP3A3/4 is the most abundant P450 isoform and is responsible for metabolizing estrogen as well as a variety of therapeutic agents, whereas CYP3A7, the fetal liver form, is involved in the biosynthesis of estriol. The goal of this study was to evaluate the expression of these two major CYP3A isoforms in human uterine tissue during the proliferative (PROL) and secretory (SEC) phases of the menstrual cycle. Expression of CYP3A7 in endometrium appeared to be several fold higher (∼10-fold) in the proliferative phase compared to the secretory phase. CYP3A4 expression was comparable between the two phases of the menstrual cycle. The RTPCR results indicated differential expression of CYP3A7 in various phases of the menstrual cycle. These results indicate that CYP3A isoforms may be subject to hormonal regulation during the menstrual cycle in endometrium of premenopausal women. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

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Mitigation Of Water Quality And Ecosystem Impacts Of Roadway Construction Through Retrospective Engineering Analyses, Jaime Monique Sayre May 2001

Mitigation Of Water Quality And Ecosystem Impacts Of Roadway Construction Through Retrospective Engineering Analyses, Jaime Monique Sayre

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

During the construction of a segment of Appalachian Corridor H between Buckhannon and Elkins, West Virginia, mine spoils and land use features related to historic mining were disturbed. An assessment of the water quality, benthic macro invertebrates, and fish populations was conducted to ascertain the condition of the water and to assess the biological productivity of Laurel Run, a tributary of the Tygart Valley River which runs parallel to Corridor H. The water quality and biological impairments were attributed to the ineffective vegetation of the spoils pile, which permitted water infiltration and thus, served as a source of metals and …

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Cmos Fingerprint Sensor Electrostatic Modeling, Praveen Kumar Soora May 2001

Cmos Fingerprint Sensor Electrostatic Modeling, Praveen Kumar Soora

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The use of Biometrics in personal identification is an important emerging technology in modern electronic society. Fingerprints are one of the most popular biometric technologies, currently used in majority of biometric applications. In recent years, solid-state capacitive fingerprint sensors which image fingerprints using Silicon CMOS Technology are gaining much acceptance in the market. This research work is carried out to quantify and explore approaches for achieving improved sensitivity of the capacitive imaging process through reduction of parasitic capacitances and sensor cell scaling for future generation devices. Evaluation of sensor cell and array geometries was completed using a commercial 2-D electrostatic …

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Evaluation Of A Fall Stocking Of Adult And Intermediate Largemouth Bass (Micropterus Salmoides) Into Two Ohio River Embayments, Eric C. Janney May 2001

Evaluation Of A Fall Stocking Of Adult And Intermediate Largemouth Bass (Micropterus Salmoides) Into Two Ohio River Embayments, Eric C. Janney

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

On October 20, 1998 the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources stocked adult and intermediate size hatchery reared largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) into two Ohio River embayments in an attempt to supplement existing populations. Prior to stocking each fish was fitted with an anchor tag and a visible implant elastomer mark to help ensure recognition as a hatchery-origin fish. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this stocking event for enhancing largemouth bass populations and improving angling opportunities in Ohio River embayment areas. A multifaceted sampling approach was incorporated to: (1) evaluate the persistence and return …

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Time-Dependent Circumferential Deformation Of Cortical Bone Subjected To Internal Radial Loading, Christopher Uriah Brown May 2001

Time-Dependent Circumferential Deformation Of Cortical Bone Subjected To Internal Radial Loading, Christopher Uriah Brown

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Human cortical bone is a complex composite material that displays time-dependent deformation. The response of bone to loads in the transverse orientation is not well understood and has implications to the stability of a press-fit hip implant. Total hip arthroplasty is a surgical procedure to replace the hip joint. It involves inserting an implant into the shaft of the femur. One method of implant fixation is a press-fit of the implant into the bone canal. Press-fit fixation relies on the elastic response of the proximal femur to hold the implant in place until new bone growth occurs. The radial load …

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Mechanisms Of Chromium(Vi)-Induced Carcinogenesis: The Involvement Of Reactive Oxygen Species And Signal Transduction Pathway., Suwei Wang Jan 2001

Mechanisms Of Chromium(Vi)-Induced Carcinogenesis: The Involvement Of Reactive Oxygen Species And Signal Transduction Pathway., Suwei Wang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Although Cr(VI)-containing compounds have been widely recognized as carcinogens for over 100 years, the mechanisms of their actions are not fully understood. The overall objective of this study is to investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis, focusing on tumor suppressor protein p53 and regulatory signal transduction pathways. In the present study, the role of ROS in p53 activation was investigated and the following conclusions were obtained: (a) Cr(VI) is able to activate p53 protein; (b) ROS, especially ·OH radical, are responsible for the p53 activation induced by Cr(VI). In addition, we presented a mechanism of …

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Testing The River Continuum Concept: Exploring Ecological Processes In The Wheeling Creek Watershed., Deborah Ann Carpenter Jan 2001

Testing The River Continuum Concept: Exploring Ecological Processes In The Wheeling Creek Watershed., Deborah Ann Carpenter

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The river continuum concept (RCC) asserts that the biological community in a stream system is largely regulated by geomorphological factors (Vannote, et al., 1980, 131). The concept states that community structure in natural stream systems is structured in order to capitalize on the most efficient energy utilization throughout. The objective of this research is to test the RCC in the Wheeling Creek watershed of northern West Virginia and southwestern Pennsylvania and to compare the results with those hypothesized under the RCC. One of the strongest criticisms of the RCC is that the continuum assumes an undisturbed stream system. Anomalies found …

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Scholarly Teaching: Exploring How Diverse Faculty Investigate Course Changes To Improve Student Learning., Scott Allen Cottrell Jan 2001

Scholarly Teaching: Exploring How Diverse Faculty Investigate Course Changes To Improve Student Learning., Scott Allen Cottrell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Several compelling reports are calling for the improvement of undergraduate education. Their central concern is that colleges and universities are not learning communities, where both faculty and students are engaged in a powerful learning environment. The purpose of this study was to learn how faculty are addressing these concerns by approaching teaching as a scholarly activity. The case studies and qualitative analyses of the data revealed that diverse educational institutions and faculty from different disciplines are approaching teaching as an investigative process. The faculty are developing active learning approaches to help students realize the courses' learning outcomes. The faculty are …

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Diversity, Abundance, And The Effect Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Var. Kurstaki Berliner And Gypchekâ„¢ On Larval And Adult Symphyta In Virginia And West Virgina., Rachel Ann Braud Jan 2001

Diversity, Abundance, And The Effect Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Var. Kurstaki Berliner And Gypchekâ„¢ On Larval And Adult Symphyta In Virginia And West Virgina., Rachel Ann Braud

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Eighteen 200 ha plots were established in the Monongahela National Forest (MNF), Pocahontas County, West Virginia, and in the George Washington National Forest (GWNF), Augusta County, Virginia. From 1995-1999 Malaise traps and foliage pruning were used to collect Symphyta adults and larvae. During 1997 and 1998, six plots each were aerially treated with nucleopolyhedrosis virus (Gypchek™) and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki. The remaining six plots were left untreated. Adult Symphyta richness and abundance were studied using Malaise traps. Each plot contained two Malaise traps, located at different elevations, which were monitored from early May through mid-August of 1995 through 1999. …

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Growth And Physiological Responses Of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus Mykiss, To Elevated Carbon Dioxide: Chronic And Acute Challenges., Melody Louisea Mae Danley Jan 2001

Growth And Physiological Responses Of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus Mykiss, To Elevated Carbon Dioxide: Chronic And Acute Challenges., Melody Louisea Mae Danley

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

West Virginia aquaculture is an expanding industry currently characterized by smallscale, widely dispersed farms. In 2000, state sales of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss reached US$611,000. To facilitate future expansion with a focus on product quality as well as production efficiency, identification of limiting factors and new or alternative management techniques are needed. Objectives of this three-month study were to identify how carbon dioxide, a common water quality problem in the region, affects the growth and physiological stress responses of intensively cultured rainbow trout. Growth (weight, specific growth rate, thermal growth coefficient, and condition factor) and physiological stress responses (hematocrit, plasma …

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