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The Effects Of Shaping And Instructing Verbal Behavior On Human Schedule Performance., Elizabethann M. O'Shields
The Effects Of Shaping And Instructing Verbal Behavior On Human Schedule Performance., Elizabethann M. O'Shields
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This experiment analyzed the effects of different methods of rule acquisition on sensitivity to changing contingencies of reinforcement. Subjects were asked to guess the best way to earn points on two alternating schedules of reinforcement that had produced differentiated pressing rates in a group of subjects not asked to guess. Subjects were divided into groups whose guessing was either shaped, instructed, or was provided with non-differential points for guessing. Different methods for producing guesses did not have an effect on sensitivity to changes in schedules of reinforcement, but did affect guessing across groups. Instructed guessing subjects demonstrated independence between guesses …
Discovering August Strindberg's "The Ghost Sonata" Through The Costume Design., Nicole R. Frachiseur
Discovering August Strindberg's "The Ghost Sonata" Through The Costume Design., Nicole R. Frachiseur
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This document is intended to record the costume design process for West Virginia University’s 2002 production of August Strindberg’s The Ghost Sonata. The design was assigned as partial fulfillment of the requirements of a Master of Fine Arts thesis in theatrical design, specifically costumes. This document includes the process of the costume designer with visual documents of research, development, photographs, and paperwork needed to complete the design.
Cumulative Review: Effects Of Random Alternation Of Review Items On Mathematics Problem Solving., Christine Kim
Cumulative Review: Effects Of Random Alternation Of Review Items On Mathematics Problem Solving., Christine Kim
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The present study evaluated the differences between three methods of reviewing basic algebra skills. Five component rules were trained: the use of four laws of exponents and a combination rule that included simplifying mathematical expressions (i.e., “order of operationsâ€) and perfect squares. All methods used the same procedures to teach the rules and included review sessions interspersed among the training of the individual rules. The differences among methods involved the kinds of practice provided during the review sessions. The simple review group (n = 12) received extra questions on each rule learned. The nonrandom cumulative review group (n = 12) …
The Impact Of Student Discourse And Journal Writing On The Mathematics Achievement Of Fifth-Grade Students., Lesley A. Klishis
The Impact Of Student Discourse And Journal Writing On The Mathematics Achievement Of Fifth-Grade Students., Lesley A. Klishis
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In its Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics, the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics called for a new vision of what is means to be mathematically literate (NCTM, 2000). A major goal of this reform movement has been to provide students with opportunities to develop "mathematical habits of the mind to not only know the signs, symbols, and terms of mathematics, but to read, write, and discuss mathematics. This study investigated the relationship between instructional strategies and student understanding in mathematics. Specifically, the study explored whether student discourse is a desirable prerequisite of journal writing, and whether the …
Second Natures: Media, Masculinity And The Natural World In Twentieth-Century American Literature And Film., Jeanne E. Hamming
Second Natures: Media, Masculinity And The Natural World In Twentieth-Century American Literature And Film., Jeanne E. Hamming
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This multidisciplinary dissertation examines the cultural anxieties associated with masculine identity in relation to both technology and nature in key literary texts and contemporary films of the twentieth-century: Ray Bradbury's “The Veldt†and The Martian Chronicles, Philip K. Dick's Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, James Dickey's Deliverance , Don DeLillo's White Noise, Fight Club, American Psycho, Brazil, 12 Monkeys, and Dark City. Exploring the theoretical intersections of technoculture, ecocriticism, and gender studies, this dissertation analyzes the relationship between masculine identity and nature, as it is mediated by American technoculture. This relationship is marked by a discernible cultural malaise—a sense …
Prediction Of Treatment Dropouts From Outpatient Substance Abuse Rehabilitation: A Discriminant Analysis., Phyllis J. Harner-Neer
Prediction Of Treatment Dropouts From Outpatient Substance Abuse Rehabilitation: A Discriminant Analysis., Phyllis J. Harner-Neer
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Significant research literature supports the need for programs better designed to meet the needs of adolescent substance treatment. There is little research, however, that addresses the identification of characteristics of those adolescents who do not complete treatment. Consequently, this study seeks to identify those characteristics of adolescents by segueing off of another study that proved successful in identifying characteristics among inpatient adult male substance abusers. This study looks at the archival data of 38 adolescents who attended outpatient substance abuse treatment at an experientially-based, substance abuse program designed for adolescents. Methodological processes included the use of demographic variables collected through …
The Effect Of Background Music On The Mathematics Test Anxiety Of College Algebra Students., Stephanie E. Haynes
The Effect Of Background Music On The Mathematics Test Anxiety Of College Algebra Students., Stephanie E. Haynes
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study investigated the effect of background music, played prior to an exam, on the mathematics test anxiety and academic achievement of college algebra students. Two research questions were posed. The first question inquired if the use of background music played while students study 10 minutes prior to an exam, as opposed to the students studying in silence 10 minutes prior to an exam, reduced the level of mathematics test anxiety. The second question inquired if there would be a significant difference in the achievement scores of the students exposed to background music while studying to background music. The participants …
Dark Wilderness A Phenomenological Exploration Of The Idea Of Cave Wilderness, Patricia E. Seiser
Dark Wilderness A Phenomenological Exploration Of The Idea Of Cave Wilderness, Patricia E. Seiser
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
It has been almost forty years since the passage of the 1964 Wilderness Act and the establishment of the National Wilderness Preservation System. Forty years later, we still have not seen a wilderness that is not a surface environment. There exist neither subterranean nor marine wilderness areas. Efforts on behalf of cave wilderness have focused on the 1964 Wilderness Act legal definition of wilderness. Perhaps what is required is a different concept for the establishment of cave wilderness. This study explored the idea of cave wilderness from a human dimension perspective, via focus groups, using stakeholders from two cave regions …
Adolescent Friendship, Relationship Quality, And Delinquency: Associations With Social And Cognitive Problem-Solving Performance., Lisa Swenson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Problem-solving performance of 132 adolescents was examined to determine whether performance was affected by individual (i.e., delinquency, gender) or contextual variables (i.e., friendship, situation-specific relationship quality). A friendship nomination procedure was used to pair individuals with a same-sex friend or nonfriend. Partners discussed and generated solutions for two cognitive isolation-of-variables tasks (adapted from Azmitia & Montgomery, 1993) and four social problem vignettes (two delinquency-related and two relationship quality-related problems; adapted from Berg, 1989; Owens, 2001). Following discussion of the problems, partners were separated and completed answer sheets for each problem. Participants then completed a delinquency measure (adapted from Mak, 1993), …
Affective Factors In Second Language Acquisition: A Critical Review Of The Literature., Laura M. Yokochi
Affective Factors In Second Language Acquisition: A Critical Review Of The Literature., Laura M. Yokochi
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Learning a second language is fundamentally different from child language development as well as from the study of other academic disciplines. One reason may be that the study of a second language involves the emotions and the identity in a way other subjects do not. Schumann (1998) argues that emotion filters all learning and cognition. If this is true then the study of affective factors in second language learning is important. What research has been done in this area and what does it show? The purpose of this paper is to conduct a critical review of empirical studies on the …
A Study Of Classic Films And Their Portrayal Of The Mentally Ill., Allison Marie Plants
A Study Of Classic Films And Their Portrayal Of The Mentally Ill., Allison Marie Plants
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The media have an enormous influence on the way the public views mental illness. Their frequent and often flawed portrayals of the mentally ill cause negative feelings to develop. Media framing plays a powerful role in the portrayal of the mentally ill. The way the media portray the mentally ill directly affects how they are viewed in real life.
The Effects Of The Gifted Program Screening Process On The Self-Concept And Academic Achievement Of Students., Mark Andrew Barney
The Effects Of The Gifted Program Screening Process On The Self-Concept And Academic Achievement Of Students., Mark Andrew Barney
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Little has been written concerning the effects of student testing for participation in gifted programs. Moreover, few studies have sought to apply a sociological perspective to the understanding of student testing. This research examines the academic achievement and selfconcept of high-achieving students in two West Virginia counties who were targeted for testing for the gifted program. Three subgroups are examined; 1) students tested for gifted programs and accepted; 2) students tested for the gifted program who were not accepted; and 3) students who were not tested but meet the criteria for initial screening. This examination consists of comparing classroom academic …
Using The Internet To Collect Data On Psychological Symptoms: An Investigation Of Psychometric Properties., Beverly Lynn Fortson
Using The Internet To Collect Data On Psychological Symptoms: An Investigation Of Psychometric Properties., Beverly Lynn Fortson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The reliability and validity of internet-based questionnaires was assessed in a large sample of undergraduates (n = 411) by comparing data collected via the internet with data collected in a more traditional format, that is with paper and pencil questionnaires. Ninety percent of participants reported using the internet on a daily basis, with 22% of those participants meeting criteria for internet abuse. Number of traumatic events experienced by participants, rates of depression, and rates of PTSD were similar to rates found in other studies with college students. Statistical analyses demonstrated that the psychometric properties of internet-based questionnaires are similar to …
Modeling Direct Farm Marketing In West Virginia: A Spatial, Policy, And Profitability Analysis., Jesse Ernest Gandee
Modeling Direct Farm Marketing In West Virginia: A Spatial, Policy, And Profitability Analysis., Jesse Ernest Gandee
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This analysis uses economic modeling techniques to analyze direct farm marketing sales, profits, and public policy in West Virginia. To investigate factors that affect county direct farm marketing, the impact of consumer demographic, land, and spatial variables upon county direct farm marketing sales is tested. The results reveal that income, education, land characteristics, and adjacent metropolitan areas influence direct farm marketing sales. An Input-Output (I-O) model is used to analyze a direct farm marketing public policy in the Mountain State. The results from the model portray a disproportionate amount of West Virginia food production contributing to marketing services and a …
Cooperative Learning Versus Direct Instruction: Which Type Of Instruction Produces Greater Understanding Of Fractions With Fourth Graders?, Amy J. Shupe
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study was to determine which method of instruction, cooperative learning or direct instruction, would produce greater understanding of fractions with fourth graders. A pretest was administered to determine prior knowledge of fractions. Two thematic units were designed, one consisting of lessons using cooperative learning strategies with the other unit consisting of lessons using direct instruction methods. Each unit was presented to separate classes of fourth grade students. Upon completion of the units, a posttest was administered. The results showed a noticeable difference in the improvement of the test scores between the two groups. Students taught with …
"It's Just Comedy": Media Effects Of Ethnic Humor., Jonathan Samuel Smith
"It's Just Comedy": Media Effects Of Ethnic Humor., Jonathan Samuel Smith
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
his study is searching for the existence of any psychological effects on the attitudes or perceptions of West Virginia University students that are exposed to ethnic humor by stand-up comedians in a broadcast format. In this study a convenience sample of West Virginia University students was exposed to a fifteen-minute videotape containing multiple in-group solidarity ethnic jokes that were used by the selected comedians in their analyzed performances. The students were surveyed to quantitatively test the affects of ethnic humor. The studyís results suggest that there is a correlation between viewing ethnic humor and a change in the participantsí perceptions …
Preserving Art Music In The Mountain State: A Study Of The West Virginia Federal Music Project Orchestras, 1935-1939., Travis D. Stimeling
Preserving Art Music In The Mountain State: A Study Of The West Virginia Federal Music Project Orchestras, 1935-1939., Travis D. Stimeling
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The Federal Music Project of the Works Progress Administration (FMP) came to West Virginia in 1936 to establish orchestras in the state’s cities and to provide short-term employment for instrumentalists left destitute by the Depression and the advent of recorded sound. These ensembles were also designed to serve a subsidiary purpose: presenting free musical entertainment to the general public to alleviate temporarily the psychological burdens of the Depression. Implicit in their concerns for both displaced audiences and unemployed performers was the existence, prior to the onset of the economic crises of the 1930s, of a thriving culture for art music …
The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy Expectations And Career-Choice., Geraldine January
The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy Expectations And Career-Choice., Geraldine January
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Analysis of responses from (N = 64) undergraduate students enrolled in Learning Strategies and Orientation courses on the Career Decision Making Self-Efficacy scale and the Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale, revealed that participants who selected male-dominated careers scored higher on the goal selection subscale compared to participants in the female-dominated group. Similar results were observed for career decision-making, self-efficacy and major status. As predicted, the scores for males on the OSES indicated that males reported equally higher scores for male and female-dominated occupations, whereas females reported higher self-efficacy for female-dominated occupations compared to male-dominated occupations.
The Influence Of Psychological Separation And Maternal Attachment On Career Choice Commitment In College Seniors., Lasandra R. Ward
The Influence Of Psychological Separation And Maternal Attachment On Career Choice Commitment In College Seniors., Lasandra R. Ward
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Measures of maternal attachment, psychological separation from mother, and career choice commitment behavior (individuation markers) were taken from a sample predominantly composed of senior-level undergraduate students. Responses on the IPPA-R were used to categorize participants descriptively according to their maternal attachment style. Attachment style groups were labeled as Secure, Ambivalent, and Avoidant. Statistical procedures included MANOVA and stepwise multiple regression analyses. Differences were detected among the three maternal attachment style groups on four psychological separation variables. Some variables of psychological separation emerged as predictors of career choice commitment and tendency to foreclose. However, a large portion of the variance of …
A Qualitative Study Of A Capacity -Building Professional Development Experience., Theodora R. Cox
A Qualitative Study Of A Capacity -Building Professional Development Experience., Theodora R. Cox
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Capacity building in schools is of great interest to educators and policy makers who see an ongoing need for improvement in schools. This qualitative study investigates a professional development program provided in a school system to determine: (1) the dynamics of the experience that inspired participants to want to change practices to better facilitate student learning; (2) how selected educators exemplified that inspiration in their daily professional experience; and (3) how the training has impacted classrooms, schools, and the school system. The study took the shape of a funnel. Wiersma (1995) explains that the funnel approach begins with a general …
Say-Do Correspondence: Effects Of Reinforcer Magnitude, Response Requirement, And Prior Experience On Choices., Stephanie P. Da Silva
Say-Do Correspondence: Effects Of Reinforcer Magnitude, Response Requirement, And Prior Experience On Choices., Stephanie P. Da Silva
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The effects of reinforcer magnitude, response requirement, and prior experience on choices in say-do correspondence were assessed in three experiments. In each of the experiments, correspondence was trained on red, green, and white key colors using Lattal and Doepke's (2001) homologue of correspondence. In Experiment 1, the duration of food presentations following correspondence on each key color was manipulated across conditions. As the duration of food presentation increased (e.g., from 3 s to 6 s), the number of say responses on that key color increased and, as the duration of food presentation decreased (e.g., from 3 s to 1 s), …
Gender, Gender Role, And Gender Role-Orientation Of Exercise Task: Effects On Cardiovascular Reactivity And Confidence., Andria Leigh Doyle
Gender, Gender Role, And Gender Role-Orientation Of Exercise Task: Effects On Cardiovascular Reactivity And Confidence., Andria Leigh Doyle
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The present study was conducted to examine gender and gender role differences in cardiovascular reactivity and confidence in relation to performing gender role-oriented exercise tasks. Sixty-four participants were selected to view videos of male and female models performing two exercise tasks [baton twirling (the feminine gender role-oriented task) and martial arts (the masculine gender role-oriented task)]. Participants then completed the exercise tasks while following along with the same video models. Heart rate (HR) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were measured during experimental conditions. Participants completed questionnaires to assess their level of confidence to perform each exercise …
"The Journey Is The Destination": A Study Of The Professional Career Development Of Dr. Dorothy June Skeel, 1932-1997. An Exemplary Teacher Educator., Gale Renee Ayanru
"The Journey Is The Destination": A Study Of The Professional Career Development Of Dr. Dorothy June Skeel, 1932-1997. An Exemplary Teacher Educator., Gale Renee Ayanru
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study investigated through qualitative design Dr. Dorothy Skeel’s professional career and scholarly development within the sociocultural context and life history that helped shape her ideas and actions to identify patterns in her life which reflected the social structure in which it was imbedded. The research questions guiding this study were: (1)How were significant aspects of Dr. Dorothy Skeel’s life history and professional knowledge represented in her practice? (2)What patterns and changes occurred in Dr Dorothy Skeel’s career development (3) What meanings and possible interpretations can be understood from the patterns and themes in Dr. Dorothy Skeel’s personal and professional …
Making Instructional Decisions: What Teacher Specialists Decide About And Do For Middle School Students With Reading Difficulty., Frances Laurel Boyd
Making Instructional Decisions: What Teacher Specialists Decide About And Do For Middle School Students With Reading Difficulty., Frances Laurel Boyd
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Concern about the efficacy of American education programs in reading is noted. Amid conflicting reports of what is wrong with American schools, steps must be taken which allow for growth among reading educators, especially those who work with older students who have not yet achieved grade appropriate reading skills. However, those who provide support programs need a body of information which allows them to address real needs that teachers have. The voice of teachers is under represented in program planning, yet could provide information crucial to the development of the most beneficial training and support programs. This study investigated the …
A Comparison Of Community Members' Preferences To Viewing Two Different Approaches To Therapy., Sherry Lynn Cain
A Comparison Of Community Members' Preferences To Viewing Two Different Approaches To Therapy., Sherry Lynn Cain
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The perceptions of community members on a traditional Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) counseling approach and a multi-sensory REBT counseling approach were examined in this study. A total of 98 individuals, who were the staff and parents recruited from a community Headstart program, participated in the study. Simulated counseling sessions of the two approaches were presented to the community members through eleven minute videotapes. After watching the counseling sessions, individuals rated the sessions with the Counseling Style Preference Form and the Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire. They also were asked to write comments about each of the counseling sessions. Paired sample T-tests yielded …
The Effects Of Science Engineering Mathematics Aerospace Academy (Semaa) Participation On Engagement Rates Of Sixth- And Seventh-Grade Students In Regular Mathematics Classes., Donna R. Carr
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of participation in a short-term, co-curricular, mathematics and science program (Science Engineering Mathematics Aerospace Academy, SEMAA) on the engagement rates of sixth and seventh grade students in public school mathematics classes. The outcome variable (engagement) was measured with the Student Record of Behavior at three time intervals. A 22.3 mixed ANOVA design was utilized to investigate three main effects (participation, grade level, and time) and their primary and secondary interactions. Results reflected no discernable impact of the SEMAA program on student engagement rates. Conclusions include alignment of ancillary programs and …
A Content Analysis Of Calvin Klein Jean Advertisements In Relationship To Consumers' Purchase Intentions Through A Qualitative And Quantitative Approach., Shana Bock
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The following literature review and methods focused on understanding what effect advertisements have on consumers by demonstrating past and present methods and findings. The qualitative research aimed to seek a better understanding of the ways Calvin Klein expressed sexual and image content in his jean advertisements over an 11-year time span by analyzing and evaluating 25 jean advertisements. Each advertisement was coded for type of gaze, weight, gender, hair color, age, ethnicity, and pose (see appendix A for codebook). The quantitative research focused on a survey that was used to investigate the relationship between three types of gazes (seductive, soft/introverted, …
Cortisol Responsivity: Association With Fear And Pain Related To Root Canal Therapy., Lori L. Gochenour
Cortisol Responsivity: Association With Fear And Pain Related To Root Canal Therapy., Lori L. Gochenour
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Salivary cortisol levels were evaluated along with fear and pain ratings at three points during root canal therapy to determine whether informational videotapes could affect responsivity. Sixty-three emergency and routine root canal patients participated. Informed consent first was obtained and salivary samples collected. Individuals were then asked to rate fear and pain based on a numeric rating scale. This procedure was repeated after cleaning and shaping the root canal system and at the conclusion of treatment. Results indicated that root canal therapy increased cortisol levels regardless of the type of videotape. Pain increased during the procedure, but then declined markedly …
A Framing And Cultivation Analysis Of Sexually Provocative Material Used In "Seventeen" From 1990-2000: A Qualitative And Quantitative Approach., Brandy Ellen Keener
A Framing And Cultivation Analysis Of Sexually Provocative Material Used In "Seventeen" From 1990-2000: A Qualitative And Quantitative Approach., Brandy Ellen Keener
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study was to use a qualitative as well as quantitative approach to examining the sexual content, messages and images in Seventeen from 1990-2000, while applying the results to compare how it affects the relationship between the seductive gaze used in the advertisements in Seventeen and the self-worth of its audience. Qualitatively, 52 advertisements from the prom issues in Seventeen were analyzed. How the advertisements influenced the sexual attitudes and behaviors of female adolescents over a 10-year period was observed. Research indicated that the most predominant gaze that remained consistent in theme over time and increased in …
A Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis Of Stereotypical Representations On Television Dramas., Rachel Massanet
A Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis Of Stereotypical Representations On Television Dramas., Rachel Massanet
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The stereotyping of minorities on television and in films has been a prominent practice since the beginning of the media era. Although there has been an increase in the visibility of positive minority characters, the portrayal of some of these characters is still negatively stereotypical. The importance in this research lies in the fact that negative representation can cause viewer’s to make false assumptions about minority cultures, which in turn can negatively impact society. People from homogenous areas are introduced to these images and see them as real. The research in this paper shows that in the television drama world, …