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Articles 2311 - 2340 of 3024
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Resurgence Of Inaccurately Instructed Behavior, Carolina Aguilera
Resurgence Of Inaccurately Instructed Behavior, Carolina Aguilera
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The current experiments examined the relation between resurgence and the sensitivity of instructed behavior to contingency changes. Although previous investigations have examined resurgence with directly reinforced responses, no studies had examined situations where the responses that recurred during extinction belonged to the class of rule-governed behavior and where the specific responses had not been reinforced directly within the experiment. To address this issue, the current experiments examined the effect of a history of instructing responding at different rates without directly reinforcing these specific rates. Both resurgence and sensitivity to environmental changes were measured to determine whether the instructed responses would …
Adjustment To Relocation To An Assisted Living Facility, Lisa Whipple Drozdick
Adjustment To Relocation To An Assisted Living Facility, Lisa Whipple Drozdick
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Assisted living has become the fastest growing senior housing alternative for older adults, yet little research has been conducted with residents of assisted living. Relocation involves a major life change and is associated with health problems, poor adjustment, and increased mortality. Research on relocation into nursing homes suggests declines in health and psychological well-being frequently follow relocation and are greatest one to two months following entry into the facility. Control over the decision to relocate and control within the facility following relocation have been related to physical and mental health. Assisted living residents are similar to nursing home residents so …
Friendship Features Associated With College Students' Friendship Maintenance And Dissolution Following Problems, Rebecca A. Owens
Friendship Features Associated With College Students' Friendship Maintenance And Dissolution Following Problems, Rebecca A. Owens
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study examined the association between friendship features (i.e., support and resources, trust, similarity, common experiences, commitment, intimate communication, balance of costs and rewards, personal characteristics and behaviors, length of friendship, amount of time spent with friend, closeness of the friendship, and expected ease of finding a new friend) and friendship outcomes (maintenance vs. dissolution and overall quality) following college students' problems with their pre-college and college friends. Reported causes of college students' pre-college and college friendship problems and friendship dissolution were examined. In addition, links between experiencing problems with friends and adjustment were explored. Friendship features and problems were …
Gender Differences In Test Anxiety, Angela Marie Josephine Fiore
Gender Differences In Test Anxiety, Angela Marie Josephine Fiore
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The research regarding overall general test anxiety and sex difference is contradictory at best. There is no clear answer to the research question concerning general test anxiety and sex difference according to the literature. An experiment using the modified Suinn Test Anxiety Behavior Scale (1971) was conducted to detect differences between the sexes with regard to test anxiety. There was no overall significant difference between the genders; however, when a multivariate regression was conducted to account for variability contributed by age and class, there was a statistically significant difference. This finding can be perceived as an indication that it is …
How Do Adult Beginning Spanish Students Perceive Their Teacher's Written Feedback On Their Compositions?, Flavia Aoni Costa
How Do Adult Beginning Spanish Students Perceive Their Teacher's Written Feedback On Their Compositions?, Flavia Aoni Costa
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Most of the literature on written feedback to date has attended to feedback techniques and the effects of such approaches on students' writing skills. Little emphasis has been placed on students' perspectives on teachers' written feedback. For this reason, the present study investigated how adult beginning students react to their teacher's written feedback on their Spanish compositions. The study used qualitative methods of data collection---questionnaires for the students, interviews with teachers and students and participant observations---in order to explore their reactions and perceptions. The findings show that the general positive reaction students had in relation to their teacher's written feedback …
The Effects Of Cognitive And Relaxation Interventions On Injured Athletes' Mood, Pain, Optimism, And Adherence To Rehabilitation., Airi Naoi
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The present study assessed the effectiveness of cognitive and relaxation interventions on injured athletes' mood, pain, optimism, and adherence and compliance to rehabilitation. The total number of participants who completed this study was seven injured athletes (two females and five males) representing one NCAA Division I university (n = 6) and one NCAA Division II university (n = 1). All athletes incurred their injuries during participation in their sports and had surgery within one month prior to their season or during their competitive season. All participants needed more than 12 weeks for complete recovery after surgery, and they were recruited …
Adult Volunteers At Heritage Tourism Sites: A Study Of Characteristics And Motivations., Christine M. Babka
Adult Volunteers At Heritage Tourism Sites: A Study Of Characteristics And Motivations., Christine M. Babka
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
One hundred fifty-eight adult volunteers aged 18 and older at 17 heritage tourism sites in northern West Virginia and southwestern Pennsylvania completed a paper questionnaire during summer 2003. The data was analyzed to identify basic volunteer characteristics and motivations, benefits, constraints and facilitators, social implications, activity and place attachment and the levels of satisfaction, commitment and interest and participation in heritage information. This research produced a 27-item heritage tourism volunteer motivation model and other measurement tools that followed previous research literature methods including the Volunteer Function Inventory (VFI). Common themes for heritage tourism volunteers are altruistic, self-improvement, social, selfinterest and …
The Role Of Parenting Stress, Difficult Child Behavior, And The Use Of Routines In Management Of Pediatric Asthma., Melissa Demore
The Role Of Parenting Stress, Difficult Child Behavior, And The Use Of Routines In Management Of Pediatric Asthma., Melissa Demore
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of child behavior problems, parenting distress, and child routines in relation to (a) family management of pediatric asthma and (b) children’s adherence to daily maintenance medication. Participants included 30 asthmatic children and their families. Assessment included questionnaires, an interview, and a medication dose-count monitor. Mean percent adherence rates obtained were comparable to the existing literature using similar methods. Scores on measures of parental distress, difficult child behavior, and child care routines were within the normal range. Although data suggested effective asthma management, no significant relations were found between this …
A Qualitative Examination Of Persuasive Messages And Ethical Responsibility In The Public Relations Industry., Ryan L. Hayes
A Qualitative Examination Of Persuasive Messages And Ethical Responsibility In The Public Relations Industry., Ryan L. Hayes
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This research is an exploration of the public relations industry and its correlation between persuasive messages and ethical responsibility. The design tested public relation firms’ websites and the content of their persuasive messages to potential clients. It applies a qualitative analysis to the top 50 Public Relations corporation’s websites homepages and systematically breaks down their persuasive messages as they apply to the industry’s code of ethics. This research shows that the ethical principle of “expertise” is a significant factor when presenting persuasive messages on most Public Relations firms’ corporate websites and that the industry as a whole is partaking in …
Forgiveness Of Interpersonal Betrayal: The Effects Of Empathy And Trauma Symptomology., Benjamin T. Parker
Forgiveness Of Interpersonal Betrayal: The Effects Of Empathy And Trauma Symptomology., Benjamin T. Parker
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study investigated the relations among forgiveness, empathy, trauma symptomology, and relationship characteristics. Participants included 116 female and 113 male undergraduates. Forgiveness was measured by the Acts of Forgiveness Scale, empathy by the Batson Empathy Scale, and trauma symptomology by the PTSD Checklist. The Relationship Rating Form and the Commitment Inventory measured relationship characteristics. Results indicated a significant positive relation between forgiveness and empathy (r = .215) and a significant inverse relation between forgiveness and trauma symptomology (r = -.307). No significant direct associations were observed between forgiveness and relationship characteristics. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that forgiveness was significantly predicted …
An Investigation Of Advances In Digital Cartography Through The Mapping Of West Virginia University., Brenden Duffy
An Investigation Of Advances In Digital Cartography Through The Mapping Of West Virginia University., Brenden Duffy
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The traditional map metaphor has evolved beyond two dimensions and is now accompanied by a family of new ‘map’ types. Maps now encompass two dimensional displays, multi-dimensional digital representations, and static or interactive maps in both hard and softcopy formats. This research project examines the role of cartography within the context of developing 2-dimensional (2D) static maps, interactive 2D Internet maps, and 2.5D interactive Internet maps of West Virginia University (WVU). The contributing literature includes reviews of traditional cartographic processes, GIS and cartography, Internet mapping, and virtual reality and the Internet. In the production of a traditional paper map of …
The Relationship Between Fibromyalgia And Emotional Expressivity And Its Influence On Locus Of Control, Ways Of Coping, And Quality Of Life., Avril D. Zaharoff
The Relationship Between Fibromyalgia And Emotional Expressivity And Its Influence On Locus Of Control, Ways Of Coping, And Quality Of Life., Avril D. Zaharoff
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The impact of fibromyalgia on quality of life is well documented. Quality of life issues confront individuals with fibromyalgia daily. For these individuals, coping with the challenges to obtain effective treatment, can become a daunting process. Feeling a sense of control over their condition is important to sustaining a reasonable quality of life. The purpose of this study was to test a theoretically based model describing the factors that influence quality of life in individuals with fibromyalgia. The theoretical (hypothesized) model suggested that impact of fibromyalgia, emotional expressivity, locus of control, and coping process, all influenced quality of life. A …
The Cycle Of Abuse: Factors That Put Survivors At Risk For Perpetration Of Child Physical And/Or Sexual Abuse., Aline E. Rabalais
The Cycle Of Abuse: Factors That Put Survivors At Risk For Perpetration Of Child Physical And/Or Sexual Abuse., Aline E. Rabalais
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Investigators have hypothesized that survivors of child sexual abuse may be at increased risk for becoming perpetrators of sexual abuse against children. Much of the available information about this cycle of abuse, however, is anecdotal and not based on empirical evidence. Furthermore, there has been little investigation of whether or not a history of sexual abuse may put one at risk for becoming a perpetrator of other types of child maltreatment, such as physical abuse. It is also unclear whether or not gender differences with respect to level of psychopathology and repeated exposure to traumatic events might increase the likelihood …
An Exploratory Examination Of The Relationship Between Motivational Factors And The Degree To Which The Higher Education Faculty Integrate Computer -Mediated Communication (Cmc) Tools Into Their Courses., Francis Ndwiga Murage
An Exploratory Examination Of The Relationship Between Motivational Factors And The Degree To Which The Higher Education Faculty Integrate Computer -Mediated Communication (Cmc) Tools Into Their Courses., Francis Ndwiga Murage
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The stated research problem of this study was to examine the relationship between motivational factors and the degree to which the higher education faculty integrate CMC tools into their courses. The study population and sample involved higher education faculty teaching in science departments at one public university and three public colleges in the state of West Virginia (N = 153). A Likert-type rating scale survey was used to collect data based on the research questions. Two parts of the survey were adopted from previous studies while the other two were self-constructed. Research questions and hypothesis were analyzed using both descriptive …
The Craft And Concepts Of Interpretation: A Look At How National Park Service Interpreters Reveal And Facilitate Opportunities For Connections., Wei-Li Jasmine Chen
The Craft And Concepts Of Interpretation: A Look At How National Park Service Interpreters Reveal And Facilitate Opportunities For Connections., Wei-Li Jasmine Chen
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The Interpretive Development Program (IDP) of the National Park Service (NPS) develops and maintains the national standards for interpretation by providing professional development opportunities and administrating a peer review certification process of interpretive products. This study explores the little-understood phenomena of how opportunities for intellectual and emotional connections between the resource and the visitor are created by NPS interpreters. Analyzing the program content from forty-nine interpretive talks and writing examples submitted to the IDP for review from July to November of 2001, the researcher has identified four interpretive strategies interpreters used in developing opportunities for intellectual and emotional connections with …
The Future Of Electronic Editing: Theory And Practice., Hilary M. Attfield
The Future Of Electronic Editing: Theory And Practice., Hilary M. Attfield
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This dissertation investigates the theory and practice of editing as it moves into the electronic era. As an example of the type of material which scholars may now be interested in working with, it centers on an edition of a lecture given by the West Virginia artist-journalist David Hunter Strother on John Brown nine years after the insurrection at Harper's Ferry. This material was chosen because it was locally available, unpublished, both locally and nationally important, and of the dimension which would have formerly placed it on the margin of paper publication. Chapter one shows how the theory of editing …
The Relationship Between The Emotional Intelligence Competencies Of Principals In The Kanawha County School System In West Virginia And Their Teachers' Perceptions Of School Climate., Leonard J. Allen
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study was to determine if a significant relationship exists between teachers' perceptions of school climate and their principals' emotional intelligence competencies. The CFK Ltd. School Climate Profile was used to assess teachers' perceptions of school climate. Principals' emotional intelligence competencies were measured by the BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i). Teachers and principals were all employees of the Kanawha County School System in West Virginia. The entire population of principals (N = 68) and the entire population of school-based classroom teachers (N = 2081) were provided surveys. One hundred percent of the principals participated and 57% (N …
Reducing Pausing During Rich -To -Lean Schedule Transitions: Effects Of Reinforcer Context And Cue Accuracy., Chad Michael Galuska
Reducing Pausing During Rich -To -Lean Schedule Transitions: Effects Of Reinforcer Context And Cue Accuracy., Chad Michael Galuska
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Transitions from rich-to-lean conditions of reinforcement often produce extended pausing in operant responding and may underlie maladaptive behavior in natural settings. Reducing their disruptive effects is of basic and applied interest. Experiment 1 assessed the effects of the overall reinforcement rate on pausing. Pigeons were exposed to a multiple fixed-ratio (FR) 50 FR 100 schedule. The number of rich (FR 50) and lean (FR 100) components varied across conditions. Pausing during the rich-to-lean transition was inversely related to the overall rate of reinforcement for two of three pigeons. As the number of rich components comprising the multiple schedule increased, pausing …
The Journey From High School To College: Do Collaborative Connections Improve Student Transition?, Billie A. Unger
The Journey From High School To College: Do Collaborative Connections Improve Student Transition?, Billie A. Unger
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Each year, thousands of students enter postsecondary education unprepared for the many academic, social, and emotional challenges they will face. Collaborative programs between secondary and postsecondary institutions have therefore developed as one way to address these issues. Although numerous studies have focused on quantitative evaluation of collaborative programs, few have included qualitative analysis of the opinions and ideas of those students who were involved in the efforts. The purpose of this study was to gauge the effect of student participation in pre-college collaborative experiences on students' transition from secondary to postsecondary education. Within the context of Schlossberg's Transition Theory, the …
Social Anxiety And Peer Experiences In Middle Childhood: The Importance Of Group Acceptance And Close Dyadic Friendships., Laurie A. Greco
Social Anxiety And Peer Experiences In Middle Childhood: The Importance Of Group Acceptance And Close Dyadic Friendships., Laurie A. Greco
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Interrelations among social anxiety, peer status, and friendship variables were investigated in an elementary school-aged sample (N = 490). Sociometric procedures, child-report, and teacher-report measures were administered on a single occasion during the fall semester. Relative to other sociometric groups, peer-rejected children reported higher levels of social anxiety and depression and were perceived by teachers as exhibiting more externalizing and internalizing difficulties and less socially skilled behavior and academic competence. Peer status and friendship variables were related to child-, peer-, and teacher-reported internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors. Regarding the identity of children's best friends, results varied by informant source, with …
Beyond The Walls: A Research Study Of Eighth-Grade Students Mentored In A Hospital Setting., Aileen Grattan
Beyond The Walls: A Research Study Of Eighth-Grade Students Mentored In A Hospital Setting., Aileen Grattan
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This research study was designed to evaluate twelve eighth-grade students participating in the fourth year of a mentoring program to determine what effect the mentoring experience would have on the students' sense of a scientific community, their understanding of scientific knowledge and process skills and attitudes toward science. The mentoring program was developed through a partnership established between the researcher, an eighth-grade science teacher at a junior high school, and an administrator of a local hospital, to provide educational opportunities for students mentored by medical professionals. The research design included qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis. The qualitative instruments were …
A Case Study Of Four School Library Media Specialists' Leadership In Louisiana., Linda Jean Underwood
A Case Study Of Four School Library Media Specialists' Leadership In Louisiana., Linda Jean Underwood
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study was to understand the daily activities of effective school library media specialists in an elementary school, middle school, and high school in a Louisiana parish, non-church, public school system through qualitative research using interviews, observation field notes, and written documentation from the three schools. The importance of the study was that there is little known about the leadership role of the school library media specialist and the role of the school library media specialist. Further, the literature concerning effective schools and effective school library media specialists is separate. The study had four conclusions. First, an …
Predictors Of Physical Abuse History And Abuse Potential: An Observation Of Parenting Style In Mother-Child Dyads Referred For Child Disruptive Behavior Problems., Lisa M. Ware
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study examined the relation between parental behaviors (i.e., amount of interaction, positive behavior, aversive behavior, controlling behavior), child abuse potential (as measured by the Child Abuse Potential Inventory), documented history of child physical abuse, and demographic variables (e.g., socioeconomic status) among mothers of children with disruptive behavior problems. Results indicated that socio-economic status and child abuse potential were significant predictors of substantiated history of abuse. Further, only the presence of a documented history of abuse was significantly related to child abuse potential scores. Although the hypotheses that positive, aversive, and controlling behavior would be predictive of child abuse potential …
The Representation Of Male And Female Traits In High-Level And Low-Level Hiring In Public Relations., Juliana B. Frederick
The Representation Of Male And Female Traits In High-Level And Low-Level Hiring In Public Relations., Juliana B. Frederick
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This research is an exploration of gender role stereotyping in the advertising of jobs in public relations. The study compares the existence of male and female traits in advertisements for manager and entry level positions in the field of public relations. Gender differences in leadership styles, activities and skills listed in the job descriptions are analyzed. The samples used in the study were companies that advertised public relations jobs on the internet. The study found that employers sought male traits in advertising for managerial jobs and female traits when advertising for technician jobs. This research also shows that more companies …
E-Commerce Uses And Gratifications And Framing Study On Media Portrayal And Perspectives Of The Retail E-Commerce Web Site Industry., Margaret R. Millero
E-Commerce Uses And Gratifications And Framing Study On Media Portrayal And Perspectives Of The Retail E-Commerce Web Site Industry., Margaret R. Millero
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This project examines how media framing, uses and gratifications theory and relationship marketing have all played important roles in the way the public, as well as editors, have viewed e-commerce Web sites and the virtual market place. A framing analysis was applied to major newspaper articles with the purpose of understanding how the media framed e-commerce Web sites and if the uses and gratifications e-commerce users were represented in the stories. Sixty articles were sampled from a variety of U.S. newspapers to understand how the media portray the industry. The results found an overwhelming number of representations of users’ uses …
The Effects Of Superimposing The Same Vs. Qualitatively Different Food On Responding Maintained By A Variable-Interval Schedule Of Reinforcement., Jessie-Sue Milo
The Effects Of Superimposing The Same Vs. Qualitatively Different Food On Responding Maintained By A Variable-Interval Schedule Of Reinforcement., Jessie-Sue Milo
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study examined the effects of response-independent delivery of same vs. qualitatively different food than the reinforcer on rats' lever pressing. During baselines, a variable-interval schedule delivered either pellets or milk. A fixed-time schedule then was superimposed which delivered either response-independent pellets or milk. The order of reinforcer and responseindependent food presentation was counterbalanced across subjects, such that in four different conditions each rat was exposed to each combination of reinforcer and response-independent food presentations. Similarity of the response-independent food to the reinforcer did not differentially disrupt response rates. Response-independent milk decreased response rates more than response-independent pellets. Postreinforcement pausing …
Experimental Support For The Use Of Story Telling To Guide Behavior: The Effects Of Story Telling On Multiple And Mixed Fixed Ratio (Fr) /Differential Reinforcement Of Low Rate (Drl) Schedule Responding., Michelle Heffner
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Story telling is universal, and the significance of stories may lie in their ability to guide behavior. An informal analysis of story telling suggests that stories provide a model of behavior, establish motivation, and stimulate the development of self-generated rules. In psychotherapy, stories illustrate points, suggest solutions, improve client insight, increase motivation, and establish rapport (Barker, 1996; Zeig, 1980). Despite the popular use of stories across theoretical orientations and treatment approaches, it is not clear if stories facilitate behavior change. Observational and correlational data suggest that stories may guide behavior, but there is no experimental support for these findings. The …
Costume Designs For "Macbeth" By William Shakespeare., Virginia Bristol Johnson
Costume Designs For "Macbeth" By William Shakespeare., Virginia Bristol Johnson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This document records the costume design process for West Virginia University’s spring 2000 studio theatre production of Macbeth. The costume design was produced and completed in partial fulfillment of the Master of Fine Arts degree in Theatre Design, Costume. Contained herein are: a brief history of the play and playwright, a synopsis of the action, the conceptual approach to the design and production, text describing the final costume design, costume plot, research, working drawings, process photos and performance photos.
The Impact Of Past Dating Relationship Solidarity On Commitment, Satisfaction, Investment And Maintenance In Current Relationships., Andy J. Merolla
The Impact Of Past Dating Relationship Solidarity On Commitment, Satisfaction, Investment And Maintenance In Current Relationships., Andy J. Merolla
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study was to determine how previous romantic relationships impact subsequent romantic relationships. Specifically, this study examined if past relationship solidarity is related to current relationship commitment, satisfaction, investment, and maintenance behavior usage among individuals in dating relationships. Participants were 204 undergraduates at an Eastern university who were currently in a dating relationship. Results indicated that past relationship solidarity is significantly and negatively related to current relationship commitment and satisfaction, but not significantly related to current investment or maintenance behavior usage. Several mediating variables were also examined, including the nature and attribution of individuals’ breakups, the length …
The Impact Of Caloric Preloading On Attempts At Food- And Eating-Related Thought Suppression In Restrained And Unrestrained Eaters., Cara Frances O'Connell
The Impact Of Caloric Preloading On Attempts At Food- And Eating-Related Thought Suppression In Restrained And Unrestrained Eaters., Cara Frances O'Connell
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The current study examined the relation between dietary restraint and caloric preload in thought suppression attempts. The impact of restraint status, suppression instructions, and a high calorie preload were examined among a sample of 64 college females classified as either restrained or unrestrained eaters. Participants engaged in a 60-minute laboratory activity; half of the participants were preloaded and all participants were randomly assigned to a food- and eatingrelated thought suppression condition or an expression control group. Difficulty of suppression and frequency of foods and eating-related thoughts were examined. Restrained participants instructed to suppress demonstrated significantly more food- and eating-related thoughts. …