Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year

Articles 31 - 60 of 98

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

A Quality Improvement Project To Increase Hepatitis A And B Vaccination In Adults With Hepatitis C In A Federally Qualified Health Center, Virginia M. Selanik Jan 2018

A Quality Improvement Project To Increase Hepatitis A And B Vaccination In Adults With Hepatitis C In A Federally Qualified Health Center, Virginia M. Selanik

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Problem Statement: Despite long-standing recommendations for vaccination against hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B (HBV) in persons with chronic liver disease and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the life-threatening complications suffered from cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer (HCC), vaccination rates for HAV and HBV in adults are suboptimal in clinical practice.;Theoretical Framework: Based upon published clinical guidelines and performance measures for optimal care of HCV-infected persons, a quality improvement project was implemented guided by Kotter's eight-step change model. Strategies adopted from the 4 Pillars(TM) Practice Transformation Program, including staff/provider education, standing orders, immunization champions, open access/walk-in vaccination during office …


Best Practices For Sepsis Patients: A Quality Improvement Project, Kevin Mark Smith Jr Jan 2018

Best Practices For Sepsis Patients: A Quality Improvement Project, Kevin Mark Smith Jr

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Sepsis is a complication caused by the overwhelming and life-threatening response of the body to an infection. Sepsis can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and death (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). Sepsis is the leading cause of death in U.S. hospitals. Mortality from sepsis increases 8% for every hour that treatment is delayed. Each year, 258,000 people die from sepsis in the U.S. As many as 80% of sepsis deaths could be prevented with rapid diagnosis and treatment (Sepsis Alliance, 2016). This project seeks to improve the ability of the transfer unit to screen patients, improve early …


Ready To Quit: A Feasibility Study For Practice Change In Smoking Cessation Readiness, Melody Lehosit Jan 2018

Ready To Quit: A Feasibility Study For Practice Change In Smoking Cessation Readiness, Melody Lehosit

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

No abstract provided.


The Effect Of Superiors' Mentoring On Subordinates' Organizational Identification And Workplace Outcomes, Molly S. Eickholt Jan 2018

The Effect Of Superiors' Mentoring On Subordinates' Organizational Identification And Workplace Outcomes, Molly S. Eickholt

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation investigated the relationships between subordinates' perceptions of the mentoring they receive from their superiors and their reports of organizational identification and workplace experiences. Specifically, the relationships between (1) career development and psychosocial mentoring functions and organizational identification, (2) organizational identification and job satisfaction, communication satisfaction, and organizational commitment, (3) and career development and psychosocial mentoring functions and job satisfaction, communication satisfaction and organizational commitment were examined. Furthermore, the indirect effect of mentoring functions on job satisfaction, communication satisfaction, and organizational commitment through organizational identification was examined. Paid, fully-employed adults completed an online survey measuring their perceptions of mentoring …


Extending The Utilization Of Real Time Data For Pressure Transient Analysis., Jummanh Eyad Aldiwan Jan 2017

Extending The Utilization Of Real Time Data For Pressure Transient Analysis., Jummanh Eyad Aldiwan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Owing to the gradual fall in prices and the constant increase in reliability of Permanent Down-hole Measurement System (PDHMS), its installation has tremendously grown in number over the recent years. The advantages of this venture, however, can only be achieved when it is improved to a source for reservoir characterization from mere surveillance and monitoring. This study evaluates workflows and systems that have been installed to change the enormous amounts of data, such as temperature, flow rate and pressure, into practicable information to enhance field performance and development. In addition to using data from real cases from intelligent fields (I-Field) …


Higher Education Marketing Through Digital Community: Understanding The Motivations Of Joining And Participating In University-Sponsored Communities And The Effect On Yield., Evan C. Moore Jan 2017

Higher Education Marketing Through Digital Community: Understanding The Motivations Of Joining And Participating In University-Sponsored Communities And The Effect On Yield., Evan C. Moore

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

As enrollment goals and student informational resources increase, universities are scrambling to be more competitive in the marketplace and implement more effective enrollment strategies. Digital closed online communities are one new method universities are using to reach students. Using an online survey, the authors investigated the motivations behind why students join these communities and how they participate in them. In addition, the research also tested how variables correlated to and predicted a student’s behavioral intention to yield, or enroll at, the university. Findings expand Situational Theory of Problem Solving literature and establish connections between certain attributes and enrolling at the …


Men Faculty Engagement In Gender Equity Work In Stem: The Radicalization Of "Doing The Right Thing", Amena Oliver Anderson Jan 2017

Men Faculty Engagement In Gender Equity Work In Stem: The Radicalization Of "Doing The Right Thing", Amena Oliver Anderson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This grounded theory study explores the sparsely examined phenomenon of men faculty engagement in gender equity work through the National Science Foundation's (NSF) ADVANCE project and one of its program innovations, Men Faculty Advocates and Allies (A & A). The A & A initiative recruits two categories of men faculty---advocates and allies---to engage in a program of work designed to heighten awareness about gender inequity and redress it through strategic efforts at the individual, departmental, and institutional level. Advocates are usually senior faculty or program administrators from within and outside of STEM fields. They assume the greater part of the …


Exploring The Anticipatory Socialization Stage Of Division I Student-Athletes: The Content, Characteristics, And Functions Of Memorable Messages, Gregory A. Cranmer Jan 2015

Exploring The Anticipatory Socialization Stage Of Division I Student-Athletes: The Content, Characteristics, And Functions Of Memorable Messages, Gregory A. Cranmer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this dissertation was to explore the socialization of Division I student-athletes prior to their arrival on campus via the framework of organizational socialization and assimilation stage models, and by specifically examining the content, characteristics, and functions of the memorable messages they receive during their anticipatory stage of socialization. Using first cycle, initial coding and second cycle, pattern coding, results indicated that the content of student-athletes' memorable messages include 10 topics that can be categorized as either addressing the characteristics or experiences of collegiate student-athletes. The results of frequency counts regarding the characteristics of memorable messages indicate that …


The Relation Of Ethnic Identity To Self-Esteem And Academic Self-Concept Of African American Students At A Predominantly White Institution, Drummond Russell Bush Jan 2015

The Relation Of Ethnic Identity To Self-Esteem And Academic Self-Concept Of African American Students At A Predominantly White Institution, Drummond Russell Bush

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Social scientists have challenged professionals and educators alike to develop a better understanding of the influences a predominantly White environment has on the academic and interpersonal experiences of African American college students. This study explored the psychosocial impact of several factors, both dispositional (e.g., ethnic identity, self-esteem, and academic self-concept) and contextual (e.g., racial composition of the institution), for 91 African American college students enrolled at a predominantly White institution in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Pearson correlations indicated the other group orientation sub-factor of ethnic identity is positively correlated with self-esteem and academic self-concept. Multiple regression analyses …


Understanding Falls Risk Screening Practices And Potential For Electronic Health Record Data-Driven Falls Risk Identification In Select West Virginia Primary Care Centers, Adam Baus Jan 2015

Understanding Falls Risk Screening Practices And Potential For Electronic Health Record Data-Driven Falls Risk Identification In Select West Virginia Primary Care Centers, Adam Baus

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Unintentional falls among older adults are a complex public health problem both nationally and in West Virginia. Nationally, nearly 40% of community-dwelling adults age 65 and older fall at least once a year, making unintentional falls the leading cause of both fatal and non-fatal injuries among this age group. This problem is especially relevant to West Virginia, which has a population ageing faster on average than the rest of the nation. Identifying falls risk in the primary care setting poses a serious challenge. Currently, the Timed Get-Up-and-Go test is the only recommended screening tool for determining risk. However, nationally this …


Spirituality, Help-Seeking Attitude, And Black Women: A Qualitative Study, Pamela Lashe Jackson Jan 2015

Spirituality, Help-Seeking Attitude, And Black Women: A Qualitative Study, Pamela Lashe Jackson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A semi-structured interview was used to survey help-seeking attitude via questions about spirituality, therapy, and the connections between the two. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to provide a framework for understanding how these factors potentially effect professional help-seeking attitudes in Black women and the role spirituality plays in developing help-seeking attitudes and the potential effect on professional psychological help. Ten interviews were conducted with Black women who lived or went to church in Akron, Ohio. Data from nine study participants were used and seven super-ordinate themes were found. The themes identified were as follows: 1) awareness and access; 2) …


Identification Of School Physical Activity Leader Competencies Using Concept Mapping, Kiel M. Illg Aug 2014

Identification Of School Physical Activity Leader Competencies Using Concept Mapping, Kiel M. Illg

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background/Purpose: Various public health and educational organizations have called for the implementation of comprehensive approaches at the state, district, and school levels to promote physical education and physical activity among children and adolescents. Proponents have argued that physical education teachers are positioned to assume the role of director of physical activity in the school setting; however many physical educators do not see directing comprehensive school physical activity programs (CSPAP) as their responsibility, nor have they been formally trained to provide this measure of leadership. Furthermore, there is limited research on CSPAPs and the associated leadership roles integral to planning, implementing, …


Why And How Organizational Members Encourage Their Peer Coworkers To Voluntarily Exit The Organization: An Investigation Of Peer-Influence Exit Tactics, Michael Sollitto Aug 2014

Why And How Organizational Members Encourage Their Peer Coworkers To Voluntarily Exit The Organization: An Investigation Of Peer-Influence Exit Tactics, Michael Sollitto

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Previous scholars have found that organizational members use various tactics to encourage their peer coworkers to voluntarily exit their organizations. These tactics are known as peer-influence exit tactics. What has been missing from the literature is clarity about the factors that influence organizational members' use of peer-influence exit tactics. This dissertation explored the construct of peer-influenced exit to develop greater clarity about the motives for encouraging peer coworkers to leave, the characteristics of the peer-influence exit tactic source and receiver, and the organizational influences on peer-influenced exit. Study 1 used an open-ended survey design to explore the motives, process, and …


An Evidence Based Web Intervention To Facilitate Nurse Practitioner Participation In The Policy Making Process Related To Scope Of Practice, Toni Dichiacchio May 2014

An Evidence Based Web Intervention To Facilitate Nurse Practitioner Participation In The Policy Making Process Related To Scope Of Practice, Toni Dichiacchio

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Historically nurses have been strongly engaged in the political process, however in recent decades the profession has moved away from the policy arena. Without political engagement, issues that are important to the nursing profession are not addressed timely, if at all. One such issue is that of full practice authority for advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs). Well over 100 studies have been completed over the past 40 years showing the safe and quality care APRNs provide independently. Numerous well-respected, non-nursing organizations support the removal of state laws that impede the ability of APRNs to practice to the full extent of …


Immunization Reminder For Caregivers Of Young Children, Jessica Scritchfield Wooten Jan 2014

Immunization Reminder For Caregivers Of Young Children, Jessica Scritchfield Wooten

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background: Vaccines are one of the most successful and easily accessible prevention tools available to clinical practitioners in the United States. Falling levels of immunity in the entire population amplify concern for increases in preventable childhood diseases, making improving vaccination rates an important goal for current clinical practitioners (Omer et al., 2009).;Purpose: The purpose of this intervention was to increase the percentage of vaccinated children 0-6 years of age by sending a reminder letter to parent/guardians of children who are unvaccinated and under-vaccinated per the CDC's current immunization recommendations at a rural health center in West Virginia.;Project: The project plan …


An Exploratory Case Study Examining Transformational Leadership And Organizational Change Within The Presidency Of A Small, Four-Year University, Daniel Matthew Filer Aug 2013

An Exploratory Case Study Examining Transformational Leadership And Organizational Change Within The Presidency Of A Small, Four-Year University, Daniel Matthew Filer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

As both internal and external threats continue to arise and challenge the traditional mold of higher education, the role of the university president is becoming more and more important. The position is being required to serve in an ever-growing number of capacities in addition to steering the direction of the institution. The purpose of the research study was to examine how presidents at a small, public four-year institution of higher education respond to organizational change. More specifically, my study attempted to discover if transformational leadership is present within the presidency during this era of great change that is affecting colleges …


Parents Living Within The Paradoxes Of Infant Death From Life-Limiting Anomaly: A Grounded Theory Study, Susan Bush Welch Dec 2012

Parents Living Within The Paradoxes Of Infant Death From Life-Limiting Anomaly: A Grounded Theory Study, Susan Bush Welch

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

BACKGROUND: Life-limiting congenital anomalies are the leading cause of death of infants in the United States. Most of these infants die in intensive care units with limited access to adequate palliative/end-of-life care. There is an extensive knowledge gap about the experience of the parent of infants who died from life-limiting anomaly. PURPOSE: The aims of the study was to explore the process a parent goes through as they experience the birth, life and ultimate death of an infant from a life-limiting explore the process a parent goes through as they experience the birth, life and ultimate death of an infant …


Factors Affecting Peer Tutoring Programs In Higher Education As Perceived By Administrators, Debbi J. Pariser May 2012

Factors Affecting Peer Tutoring Programs In Higher Education As Perceived By Administrators, Debbi J. Pariser

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study examined a) institutional factors that administrators see as facilitating peer tutoring programs and b) institutional factors that administrators see as forming barriers to peer tutoring programs. In addition, a comparison was made of administrators' perceptions based on the following institutional demographic factors: department affiliation, enrollment, highest degree awarded, and Carnegie classification. The data were collected through an electronic survey instrument, Administrative and Faculty Factors that Contribute to the Institutionalization of Peer Tutoring in Higher Education, developed specifically for this study and based on the work of Dr. Anthony Pina (2005, 2008a, 2008b), who studied the institutionalization of distance …


Restoration And Adaptive Use Of A Historic English Country Estate: A Learning History, Anna D. Phoenix May 2012

Restoration And Adaptive Use Of A Historic English Country Estate: A Learning History, Anna D. Phoenix

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Within the field of historic preservation, often a single strategy for preservation is chosen from preservation, restoration, adaptive use or reconstruction. Occasionally it is appropriate to simultaneously implement two or more of those strategies. Adopting multiple strategies requires the involvement of different organizations whose goals and philosophies may clash. Stowe House is an example where restoration and adaptive use have been applied in tandem, forming the partnership of Stowe School, Stowe House Preservation Trust and the English National Trust. In this case forming a symbiotic tripartite partnership has resulted in the long-term survival of the Stowe estate.;The purpose of this …


Between Frontier And Factory: Growth And Development In Washington, Pennsylvania, 1810--1870, Eric D. Duchess Jan 2012

Between Frontier And Factory: Growth And Development In Washington, Pennsylvania, 1810--1870, Eric D. Duchess

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation examines the small town of Washington, Pennsylvania from its post-frontier period to the eve of industrialization. Two primary areas are covered in the study: the Market Revolution's growing influence on the local economy and society, and the Civil War's local impact. This study contributed to the field of urban and town history by providing a case study from a relatively under-examined region, the Upper Ohio Valley and southwestern Pennsylvania, by studying the relationship between its economic development and its social and political characteristics.;Washington was in many ways a typical small western Pennsylvania town, surrounded by farmland and serving …


Perception Of Leadership Issues Involved In The Implementation Of Total Quality Management By Leaders Of Business And Academe In Saudi Arabia, Ali Aljodea Jan 2012

Perception Of Leadership Issues Involved In The Implementation Of Total Quality Management By Leaders Of Business And Academe In Saudi Arabia, Ali Aljodea

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The importance of implementing quality management in education and industry is of growing importance in today's world. There is a growing concern in Saudi Arabia with quality and only a few institutions have begun to implement TQM. This study examined two of the major institutions in Saudi Arabia, Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC), and King Saud University (KSU), where TQM principles had been implemented. The study sought to determine the perceptions of upper and middle managers of the two institutions concerning the implementation of TQM and the factors related to those perceptions.;Little has been done in Saudi Arabia to compare …


Examining Graduate Students' Self-Reported Research Outcomes, Affinity-Seeking Behaviors, And Perceptions Of Relational Quality With Advisors From A Lmx Perspective., Stephanie Shimotsu Jan 2012

Examining Graduate Students' Self-Reported Research Outcomes, Affinity-Seeking Behaviors, And Perceptions Of Relational Quality With Advisors From A Lmx Perspective., Stephanie Shimotsu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Using LMX theory as an overarching framework in the instructional communication context, this dissertation both investigates graduate students’ affinity-seeking behaviors (i.e., affinity-seeking competence, strategic performance, use of affinity-seeking strategies) and research outcomes (i.e., research productivity, research self-efficacy, affective commitment, career commitment) that are associated with perceived relationship quality with advisors. Three hypotheses were forwarded to address the relationships among graduate students’ affinity-seeking behaviors, research outcomes, and perceptions of relationship quality with advisors. The results of this dissertation provided some degree of support for each hypothesis. Most notably, significant positive relationships were found among graduate student affinity-seeking behaviors and perceptions of …


Evaluation Of A Protocol Change To Improve Screening Of Mineral Bone Disorders In Patients With Stage 3 Chronic Kidney Disease, Jarena Kelly May 2011

Evaluation Of A Protocol Change To Improve Screening Of Mineral Bone Disorders In Patients With Stage 3 Chronic Kidney Disease, Jarena Kelly

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing worldwide problem. Patients with CKD are at great risk for multiple health problems and ultimately face end stage renal disease (ESRD). One of the problems of concern is the loss of bone mass, termed mineral bone disorders (MBD). The literature reveals that bone mass loss can begin as early as stage 3 CKD. The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) Clinical Practice Guideline (2003), and The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO, 2009) recommend that persons identified in stage 3 CKD be screened for hypovitamintosis D, elevated intact parathyroid (iPTH) levels, and abnormal calcium and …


Identification Of Design Guidelines For A Mobile Oncology Unit, Renee Melendez Thompson May 2011

Identification Of Design Guidelines For A Mobile Oncology Unit, Renee Melendez Thompson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis will identify design considerations for future development of a mobile unit for delivery of Oncology services to those engaged directly or indirectly in cancer treatment. Mobile Oncology Units are relatively new to medical and design worlds but offer benefits as extensions of the healthcare system that provide care to those who would not normally receive it. This project targets rural communities, the elderly and those without transportation in West Virginia.


School Transformation: Reproducing Effective High School Leadership, Christina D. Chambers Jan 2011

School Transformation: Reproducing Effective High School Leadership, Christina D. Chambers

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation explores the distinctive and complex challenges that high school principals face. The demand to prepare students for college or the workplace requires a strong foundation built on relational trust, an adaptation of high school instructional practices, and an evolution of the professional development process. This study will use the characteristics of transformational leadership presented in the literature to determine if they exist in two high schools and how they manifest themselves. The high schools studied represent the very different socio economic aspects of their district. With focus on student achievement, high school principals and teachers can transform school …


Franjo Tudjman's And Slobodan Milosevic's Operational Code And Leadership Trait Analysis, Arian Spahiu Jan 2011

Franjo Tudjman's And Slobodan Milosevic's Operational Code And Leadership Trait Analysis, Arian Spahiu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Franjo Tudjman of Croatia and Slobodan Milosevic of Serbia played a prominent role in the Yugoslav politics and European politics during the 1990s, but the literature on them has advanced confusing interpretations of the two leaders whose political actions affected international politics. This dissertation is the first attempt at developing replicable measures of their psychological characteristics to inform our understanding of the role these two leaders played in Yugoslav and European politics. This dissertation examines the role of Tudjman's and Milosevic's psychological characteristics through at-a-distance analysis of their speeches, for Tudjman to the Croatian Parliament in the 1990s, and for …


Design And Development Of An Energy Efficiency Knowledge Center (Eekc), Seyed Mohammad Jalali Jan 2011

Design And Development Of An Energy Efficiency Knowledge Center (Eekc), Seyed Mohammad Jalali

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Industrial Assessment Center (IAC) at West Virginia University has worked with more than 430 manufacturing companies over 17 years to identify energy and productivity saving opportunities for small and medium sized companies. The savings, which keep adding up year after year, are appreciable but do not fully capture the potential impacts of the IAC Program. The implementation rate of the recommendations has been only about 40% on average. This rate was expected to be improved with a knowledge center.;Energy Efficiency Knowledge Center (EEKC) is a regional system which includes the development and deployment of technical resources to assist industrial …


The Use Of Assessment For Institutional Sensemaking By Top Administrative Officials, Johnston Niven Hegeman Aug 2010

The Use Of Assessment For Institutional Sensemaking By Top Administrative Officials, Johnston Niven Hegeman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study explored the relationship between the degree to which top administrators of four-year colleges and universities that have been effective in implementing and sustaining assessment view the use of assessment and seven components of institutional sensemaking at their institutions. The underlying premise is that outcomes assessment practices represent a transformational change in higher education, and institutional sensemaking has been identified as a central feature of institutional transformation efforts. Understanding how assessment results and institutional sensemaking are intertwined should be useful for professionals charged with designing or implementing assessment plans, because it may lead to new ways to connect assessment …


Pe Followed Me Home From School Today: Effects Of The Activity Challenge On Youth Summer Physical Activity, Kacey Digiacinto May 2010

Pe Followed Me Home From School Today: Effects Of The Activity Challenge On Youth Summer Physical Activity, Kacey Digiacinto

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The prevalence of overweight and obese youth in the nation is growing at an alarming pace (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008; West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources, 2007). Currently, 3.8% of elementary schools, 7.9% of middle schools, and 2.1% of high schools provide daily physical education (Jones, Axelrad, & Wattigney, 2007). That means that a majority of America's youth are not provided with the opportunity to accumulate the recommended daily amounts of physical activity. With formal physical education in mind schools should be focusing on increasing youth out-of-school physical activity. Teacher assigned, out-of-school, physical activity, self-management …


Leadership Standards: Professional Development Schools Versus Non-Professional Development Schools, David L. Lancaster Jan 2010

Leadership Standards: Professional Development Schools Versus Non-Professional Development Schools, David L. Lancaster

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study compares the perceptions of two groups of West Virginia school principals through a survey instrument built in alignment with the Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium (ISLLC) standards. The perceptions of principals affiliated with Professional Development Schools (PDS) are compared to the perceptions of principals who are not affiliated with Professional Development Schools (non-PDS). The 587 principals in the state of West Virginia with active e-mail addresses were asked to participate in an online survey. The survey instrument contained six domains with 31 items aligned with the Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium's (ISLLC) six national standards on leadership. Two …