Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (244)
- Arts and Humanities (151)
- Engineering (126)
- Life Sciences (126)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (115)
-
- Education (87)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (72)
- Communication (65)
- Music (55)
- Psychology (50)
- Business (39)
- Sociology (38)
- Music Performance (35)
- Civil and Environmental Engineering (32)
- Political Science (30)
- Journalism Studies (29)
- History (26)
- Mechanical Engineering (26)
- Higher Education (24)
- Art and Design (23)
- Chemistry (23)
- Musicology (22)
- Public Health (22)
- Genetics and Genomics (20)
- Mass Communication (19)
- Microbiology (18)
- Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology (17)
- Biology (17)
- Chemical Engineering (17)
- Environmental Engineering (17)
- Keyword
-
- Mechanical engineering (82)
- Journalism (63)
- Educational technology (56)
- Petroleum engineering (50)
- Electrical engineering (46)
-
- Civil engineering (44)
- Chemical engineering (38)
- Microbiology (36)
- Computer science (34)
- Mass communication (34)
- Molecular biology (33)
- Environmental engineering (30)
- Higher education (28)
- Political science (28)
- West Virginia (28)
- Educational psychology (27)
- Fine arts (27)
- Public health (27)
- Mining engineering (26)
- Communication (25)
- Appalachia (24)
- Social psychology (24)
- Teacher education (24)
- Genetics (23)
- Agricultural education (22)
- Clinical psychology (22)
- Criminology (21)
- Cellular biology (20)
- Curriculum development (20)
- Materials science (20)
- Publication Year
- File Type
Articles 2521 - 2550 of 2809
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Effects Of Aging On Bond Between Frp And Concrete, John Dyer Barger
Effects Of Aging On Bond Between Frp And Concrete, John Dyer Barger
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites are continuing to gain prominence for structural and non-structural applications all across the world. FRP composites are being used as complete structural systems or in conjunction with conventional materials leading to hybrid structures. The study of using FRP rebars and wraps to reinforce our nation's existing bridge decks, beams and columns is proving that they are economical as well as future material of choice.;This research deals with the bond behavior of FRP composite wraps adhered/bonded to concrete surface. Focus of the study is on the bond degradation when the hybrid structure is exposed to different …
Composition Effects On Macroscopic Solidification Segregation Of Superalloys, Wei Chen
Composition Effects On Macroscopic Solidification Segregation Of Superalloys, Wei Chen
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This research work investigates primarily the composition effects on solidification macrosegregation, i.e. freckles, in superalloys. First, the freckling mechanism of superalloys is developed using the physical simulation of freckle formation in specially designed model alloys. It is found that freckles originate from dendrite irregularities at the solidification front. The freckle channels flow downward in Nb-containing alloys and upward in T-containing alloy under horizontal solidification conditions. The horizontal solidification correctly simulates the horizontal component in remelt ingot where freckling potential is the highest. Based on the result, key control parameters for freckling are identified.;Thermodynamic simulation approach is employed to study the …
Common Factors Leading To County Boards Of Education Financial Deficits, David L. Stewart
Common Factors Leading To County Boards Of Education Financial Deficits, David L. Stewart
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study reviewed and analyzed budget deficits incurred by county boards of education in West Virginia and determined why increasing numbers of county boards of education have experienced deficit spending since the enactment of Senate Bill 14.;This study utilized a descriptive research design. The West Virginia Department of Education provided deficit, enrollment, and personnel data; all fifty-five county superintendents and treasurers were surveyed to determine the frequency and cause of budget deficits. One hundred percent of both groups responded to the survey.;In conclusion, factors contributing to county boards of education experiencing financial deficit included: (1) reduction of numbers of employees …
Contrawound Toroidal Helical Antenna Modeling Using The Fdtd Method, Khaled Mohammad Elsherbini
Contrawound Toroidal Helical Antenna Modeling Using The Fdtd Method, Khaled Mohammad Elsherbini
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The contrawound toroidal helical antenna (CTHA) is a patented antenna developed at the Center for Industrial Research Applications (CIRA) of West Virginia University. In this study, a computer numerical model was built to simulate the behavior of printed circuit board versions of the CTHA. The numerical model was built upon the finite difference time domain method (FDTD). The results were compared to results from physical antennas, obtained from the CIRA anechoic chamber located in the WVU hanger, to verify the validity of the results of the numerical model. The results from both the numerical and experimental models were also used …
Monsters Under The Bed, Joelle Spencer
Monsters Under The Bed, Joelle Spencer
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The exhibition, monsters under the bed is a representation of what occurs when the bedroom lights are turned on and monsters, born from childhood fear, refuse to retreat into the shadows. Cartoon illustrations of physical and mental martyrdom point to the theme of death, as seen through the psychical dysfunction of a child. monsters under the bed, is an autobiographical exploration of adult reflection about a child's world translated into objects of theatrical mythologies.;In order to make my objects and images materialize, I incorporate a broad range of traditional and non-traditional mixed-media techniques. The methods I utilize to make the …
Manufacture And Rehabilitation Of Guard-Rail Posts Using Composites For Superior Performance, Swetha Anegunta
Manufacture And Rehabilitation Of Guard-Rail Posts Using Composites For Superior Performance, Swetha Anegunta
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The effectiveness of an external composite reinforcement in improving the strength and durability of a conventional CCA treated wood post was studied. A combination of HMR as primer and epoxy as adhesive was found to provide the best possible adhesion of a glass fibers to CCA treated wood. Wrapped samples, representing a scaled down version of the proposed posts were subjected to 6-cycle accelerated aging and freeze-thaw chemical aging (in acidic, alkaline, water and salt water solutions). The retention in mechanical properties was measured using flexure tests and DMTA. The performance in terms of modulus and rigidity was reduced the …
Seepage Through Longitudinal Drainage Trenches, Benjamin T. Staud
Seepage Through Longitudinal Drainage Trenches, Benjamin T. Staud
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The objective of this study was to determine how the longitudinal drain system works under laboratory conditions. In this study, a bench-scale model was constructed to assess the flow patterns caused by a trench drain in a slope. The experimental variables include the trench spacing (w), seepage depth (h), and slope angle (theta). In the experimental program, four values of slope angle, three values of trench spacing and three values of seepage depth were considered. Each experiment was performed twice to ensure that the measurements are reproducible. The soil type for the experimental program was selected on the basis of …
Evaluation Of The International 4-H Youth Exchange (Ifye) Program, Mary Elizabeth Williams
Evaluation Of The International 4-H Youth Exchange (Ifye) Program, Mary Elizabeth Williams
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which the International 4-H Program achieved its objectives regarding positive cross-cultural attitudes, life leadership skills, and host culture knowledge through the six-month International 4-H Youth Exchange (IFYE) Program. The population consisted of the twenty-one 1999 IFYE six-month representatives. A descriptive census survey was used to collect the data for the study. Each participant completed pre- and post-exchange evaluations while attending the program orientation and debriefing at the National 4-H Center. The major finding of this study was the representative's significant gain in host culture knowledge. The IFYE representatives' positive …
Timing Of Alveolar Cleft Bone Grafting In Maxillary Alveolar Cleft Defects, Richard Morrow Crout
Timing Of Alveolar Cleft Bone Grafting In Maxillary Alveolar Cleft Defects, Richard Morrow Crout
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Numerous methods have been attempted to identify the best time for secondary alveolar cleft bone grafting, including chronological age, skeletal age, and dental age. However, few studies have employed objective methods of assessment that would permit statistical analysis. Fifty-nine patients with clefts of the alveolus who acquired secondary alveolar cleft grafts at the Lancaster Cleft Lip and Palate Clinic were studied. A total of 74 affected areas from 15 bilateral and 44 unilateral alveolar cleft patients were available. Timing of the graft was determined utilizing root development of the involved canine, as compared to crown length, from a high quality …
Heavy Metal Redistribution In Soils Using Compost As A Soil Amendment, Jason Thomas Morrison
Heavy Metal Redistribution In Soils Using Compost As A Soil Amendment, Jason Thomas Morrison
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Organic soil amendments such as compost can reduce the availability of heavy metal contaminated soil. The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the efficiency of compost as an soil amendment within heavy metal contaminated soil; (2) to determine the hypoaccumulation of heavy metals in the stem, shoot, and root systems of white clover and wheat; (3) to identify movement of heavy metals within the soil; (4) to evaluate the differences of nodule formation in Trifolim repens. Three volumes of compost were added to a heavy metal contaminated soil (additions of zero, 10, and 40 percent compost, by volume). …
Parental Influences On High School Student Achievement And Goals, Richard K. York
Parental Influences On High School Student Achievement And Goals, Richard K. York
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The present study examined parental influences on educational and career goals of high school students. Data on educational and career goals from the Perceived Life Chances Interview were derived from 124 rural adolescents. One hundred of their mothers and 36 of their fathers completed the Inventory of Parental Influence which consists of five subscales of Parental Involvement/Help, Psychological Support, Parental Pressure, Pressure for Intellectual Development, and Time Management/Monitoring. Responses from the Perceived Life Chances Interview were qualitatively analyzed in order to derive categories that reflected the varying responses from participants. These categories served as dependent variables in a series of …
Studies Of The Respiratory Chain Of Methylococcus Capsulatus (Bath), Timothy Brian Miley
Studies Of The Respiratory Chain Of Methylococcus Capsulatus (Bath), Timothy Brian Miley
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The methanotrophic bacterium, Methylococcus capsulatus, is capable of the conversion of methane to methanol at ambient temperature and pressure. In this manuscript, we show that quinols can provide reducing equivalents to the membrane-bound form of methane monooxygenase (pMMO), substituting for NADH in whole cells and membrane fractions. Additionally, quinols are shown to be effective reductants for the detergent-solubilized enzyme, whereas NADH is ineffective. The decyl-analog of plastoquinol and duroquinol provide the greatest MMO activity in whole cells and membrane fractions, as well as detergent-solubilized samples. Lauryl maltoside is by far the best detergent for solubilization of catalytically-active methane monooxygenase. This …
Foodborne Pathogens In Poultry Production And Post-Harvest Control, Rajesh R. Nayak
Foodborne Pathogens In Poultry Production And Post-Harvest Control, Rajesh R. Nayak
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
A comprehensive ecological survey was conducted from April 1997 to June 1999 on four turkey flocks (F5-F8) to identify the preharvest sources of Salmonella colonization. Generic E. coli and total coliforms were enumerated as indicators of fecal contamination in F7 and F8. Turkey cecal and crop contents, litter, drinkers, air, feed, feeder contents, and environmental swabs were sampled and tested for Salmonella and E. coli. Salmonella was isolated from 13% of litter, 11% of turkey ceca, 10% of drinkers, and 5% of swabs. Escherichia coli and total coliforms were detected in 45 and 53% of samples, respectively. Salmonella heidelberg was …
Strawberry Growth And Fruit Characteristics In Response To Coal Bottom Ash Root Media, Donna Vae Coffindaffer Ballard
Strawberry Growth And Fruit Characteristics In Response To Coal Bottom Ash Root Media, Donna Vae Coffindaffer Ballard
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Commercial production of strawberry fruit during the off season offers greenhouse operators an alternative crop. Quality of such fruit may be influenced by production system. A series of studies evaluated various aspects of greenhouse production of strawberry fruit. In a study of commercially available strawberry seed rate of germination for cv. 'Sweetheart', was enhanced by cutting the seed coat. Total germinated after 20 days was equal for the cut, the 4x and 8x sand paper scarification treatments. For cv. 'Fresca' the germination percentage was higher in plugs with Sunshine plug mix and Grodan Orchid Greenmix when compared to rockwool (RW) …
The Law And Order Presidency., Willard Mark Oliver
The Law And Order Presidency., Willard Mark Oliver
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The theory of presidential influence over public opinion is used to predict the impact of presidential time and attention focused on crime on the public's concern for crime as the “most important problem facing the country.†The more attention presidents give to the issue of crime, the more concerned the public becomes with crime. The study addresses the assumptions of the hypothesis by first assessing the history of presidential involvement in crime control policy; second, by delineating reasons why presidents have become involved in such policies; and, finally, by articulating the means presidents have available in order to engage in …
Comparative Assessment Of Bit Geometry And Cutting Parameters., Shiv Kumar Bhuvanapalli
Comparative Assessment Of Bit Geometry And Cutting Parameters., Shiv Kumar Bhuvanapalli
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The Objectives of this research are to evaluate the performance of cutting tool, having different geometric configurations, in regards to bit – rock interaction and dust generation. When the cutting process takes place, the main objective is to cut bigger blocks of land/ridge rather than small and less fine dust. It is also important to minimize the amount of airborne dust. The ratio of bit spacing to depth of cut, angle of attack and many other bit geometrical factors contribute to the amount of settled and respirable dust production. When rock is cut and two cutting bits are placed adjacently …
The Fracture Analysis And Remaining Life Estimation Of The Avlb Sub-Components., Jeong-Hoon Choi
The Fracture Analysis And Remaining Life Estimation Of The Avlb Sub-Components., Jeong-Hoon Choi
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The Armored Vehicle Launch Bridge (AVLB) is subjected to cyclic loading during its launching as well as tank crossing. The cyclic loading causes crack to initiate in critical bridge components, and to propagate. Unless these cracks are detected and repaired before they rapidly grow to reach their critical stage of propagation, the failure of bridge components can occur. According to the Preventive Maintenance Checks and Services (PMCS) from the U.S. Army, three AVLB components, the splice doubler angle, the splice plate, and the bottom chord, are susceptible to fatigue damage. In the present study, the laboratory fatigue tests on the …
A Hermeneutics Approach To Studying Agenda-Setting: The Postwar Education Agenda (1945-1998)., Jennifer Lynn Fisher
A Hermeneutics Approach To Studying Agenda-Setting: The Postwar Education Agenda (1945-1998)., Jennifer Lynn Fisher
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The study of bill introductions can broaden our understanding of how policy alternatives are formed by and for congressional actors. This agenda setting study builds on the work of Baumgartner and Jones (1993), King (1997), Kingdon (1989), Schiller (1995), Worsham (1997), and Wilkerson, Feeley, Schiereck, and Sue (1999). Specifically, the focus will be on education policymaking—an agenda that has ascended to higher status over the last fifty years. Three basic objectives will undergird the analysis. The first is to learn what the education agenda has been in order to understand more about where it is going. Second, is to understand …
Knowledge Acquisition From Video, Video With Animated Graphics, And Laboratory Experience: Predictors For Adolescents With Mild Mental Impairments., John D. Foshay
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The movement toward assistive technology (AT) and access to the general curriculum provided by the 1997 Amendments to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) has resulted in the need to study instructional methods that employ computer-based multimedia. Although the definition of AT includes interactive multimedia (Blackhurst, 1997), there has been little research on the use of multimedia to provide access to the general education curriculum. The existing literature has provided a theoretical base and investigated the ability of multimedia presentations to improve academic skills, but has failed to identify instructional practices that promote such access through AT. This dissertation …
Effectiveness Of Traditional And Web -Based Interventions On Utilization Of Sport Psychology Services: Exploring The Stages Of Change., Samuel Joseph Zizzi
Effectiveness Of Traditional And Web -Based Interventions On Utilization Of Sport Psychology Services: Exploring The Stages Of Change., Samuel Joseph Zizzi
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The present study examined the interaction of traditional and electronic contact methods with the stages of change model in a brief intervention. The sample consisted of a total of 220 high school (n = 106) and college athletes (n = 114), including 115 in the Electronic Group (E group) and 105 in the Traditional Group (T group). Overall, 14 teams participated in a sport psychology workshop including seven women's teams (n = 124) and seven men's teams (n = 96). Teams were randomly assigned to contact the sport psychology consultant (SPQ either by traditional methods (in-person or phone) or by …
Protecting The Florida Keys: An Internet Gis/Ims Strategy For Benthic Habitat Management., Frank Crawford Martin
Protecting The Florida Keys: An Internet Gis/Ims Strategy For Benthic Habitat Management., Frank Crawford Martin
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Technological advancements in the Internet particularly in multimedia and other visualization approaches generally pose great potential for Geographic Information Science (GISci). This potential brings with it both conceptual and operational issues that require consideration and collective, long-range planning in order to effectively implement the developing technologies. The relevant issues surrounding this adoption in the area of benthic habitat management are examined. The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS), and specifically Conch Reef, are used as the case study for this work with particular attention to geographic information systems, multimedia and Internet map servers, management issues, logistical requirements, data access and …
The Impact Of Age On Political Participation In West Virginia., Beth Laine Taylor
The Impact Of Age On Political Participation In West Virginia., Beth Laine Taylor
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Political participation in the United States can take several distinct forms, reflecting numerous socioeconomic and demographic factors that determine patterns of civic engagement. Within West Virginia, the presence of a high proportion of aged citizens has led to interesting levels of involvement. Differing patterns of engagement between age groups can be explained with regard to the influence of life-cycle, generational and period (historical) effects. Analysis of survey data reveal that older individuals are more likely to participate in conventional political activities such as voting and letter writing to elected officials, but are less likely to participate in unconventional forms of …
An Introduction Into The World Of Gaming And How One Achieves The Identity Of Gamer., Mark Christopher Bordenet
An Introduction Into The World Of Gaming And How One Achieves The Identity Of Gamer., Mark Christopher Bordenet
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This research introduces the social world of gaming and looks at how one achieves the identity of gamer. The methods are a form of triangulation in order to strengthen the research, consisting of participant observation, written questionnaire, and one-to-one interviews, with an emphasis on the personal narrative. The main venues for the research were the two largest US gaming conventions, Origins and GenCon. From the data collected, elements of the world of gaming and becoming a gamer were learned and are presented. Essentially, the identity of gamer comes from the individual but is reinforced through the world of gaming.
The Correctional-Commercial Complex: An Examination Of Privatization Of The Us Prison System., Atsuko Maruono
The Correctional-Commercial Complex: An Examination Of Privatization Of The Us Prison System., Atsuko Maruono
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This thesis analyses current spatial trends in the U.S. prison system, with a focus on the process of prison privatization. This study reviews the literature on trends in the US prison system, and maps the spatial distribution of public prisons, private prisons, and the trend to prison privatization. In addition, a case study of prison privatization in Texas is conducted. U.S. penal policy makers explain the need for privately run correctional facilities as a response to the “crisis” of the prison system, in particular the impact of overcrowding. However, the research results indicate that the location of private prisons have …
Penetration, Pressure Drop, And Wickering Characteristics Of Niosh Certified P-100 And P95 Filters Under Heavy Dop Loading., Amit Sharma
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Air is known to contain a variety of airborne matter that is considered as potential health hazards. These particles if ingested/inhaled have long term effects on the health of human beings. The best technique to prevent these harmful particles from reaching the respiratory tract is physical interception. Personal protective equipment such as respiratory filters are used extensively to administer clean air of exceptional quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of commercially available respirator filters subjected to extremely heavy loading conditions. Several commercially available brands of P-100 and P-95 particulate filters were tested. The test conditions …
A Study About The "Cultural Orientation" In Chinese Avant-Garde Art., Jianxiong Mao
A Study About The "Cultural Orientation" In Chinese Avant-Garde Art., Jianxiong Mao
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Chinese avant-garde art until 1989 was an historical product of that special era. It “appropriated” Western contemporary art and endowed it with its own historical and cultural connotation. The juxtaposition of the elite appealing and the deconstructively post-modern scepticism constituted Chinese avant-gardian discourse at that time. The “Opening” political-economic context of the society virtually encouraged and now has digested the forms and concepts of Modernism which are calmly accepted today as one episode of art history, an enlightened experiment. To use the labels of Western contemporary social, cultural and artistic movements to describe Chinese Xiandai art will cause confusion, for …
A Model Combining Fluorescent Microscopy And Culture Inhibition To Evaluate Bacterial Activity Of Calcium Hydroxide Medicaments., Catherine Erwin Connor
A Model Combining Fluorescent Microscopy And Culture Inhibition To Evaluate Bacterial Activity Of Calcium Hydroxide Medicaments., Catherine Erwin Connor
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide paste and calcium hydroxide containing gutta percha ìPlusî points. Confocal scanning microscopy created a more sensitive model for assessing endodontic antimicrobial activity. The model consisted of anterior teeth with canals prepared to a #60 K Flex file. Target organisms (A) Enterococcus faecalis or a combination of (A) Enterococcus faecalis and (B) Bacteroides fragilis were inoculated into the prepared site. A Zeiss confocal scanning microscope defined living and dead organisms. Teeth were seeded with paste and with the ìPlusî points. Samples were studied by (CFU/ml) and laser …
Interactive Televised Instruction: Factors That Influence Student Evaluations Of Business Courses., Lorraine P. Anderson
Interactive Televised Instruction: Factors That Influence Student Evaluations Of Business Courses., Lorraine P. Anderson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study examined levels of student satisfaction in business courses offered at Marshall University through an interactive television delivery system to determine whether the delivery method influenced student satisfaction. Based on Clow's (1999) contention that remote-site students might bias their answers to specialized survey instruments that assess student attitudes in ITV classes, standardized student course evaluations completed at the end of the semester at traditional classroom based sites, host ITV sites and remote sites were used to measure student satisfaction. Responses to the instrument were analyzed for 3,282 students who enrolled in business courses during the Fall 1997 semester through …
Legibility: How Precedents Established In Print Impact On-Screen And Dynamic Typography, Heidi Specht
Legibility: How Precedents Established In Print Impact On-Screen And Dynamic Typography, Heidi Specht
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The printed word has been commonplace in society for over 500 years; the written word has been in existence for thousands. The primary intent of the written or printed word has historically been to be read. With that goal, rules and formats have developed over the centuries as aids to legibility. Naturally, these guidelines have been developed for the printed, or static typographic page. As our sophistication with and acceptance of technology grows, however, we increasingly turn to the computer or television screen for written information. Additionally, graphic designers and artists are questioning the role of the printed word as …
Strategic Verbal Aggression: Attacking The Self-Concept To Enhance Motivation In The Classroom., Alan D. Heisel
Strategic Verbal Aggression: Attacking The Self-Concept To Enhance Motivation In The Classroom., Alan D. Heisel
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Numerous studies have identified a variety of negative consequences associated with the use of verbal aggression. This study examines the impact of verbal aggression in the instructional context as strategic verbal aggression. A self-report survey of 552 students enrolled in basic communication courses at West Virginia University was collected. Participants received measures reflecting the teacher's immediacy, competence, character, and perceived caring, as well as indices of the participants' argumentativeness, self-esteem, verbal aggressiveness, and Machiavellianism. Each Participant received a scenario reflecting either high/low intensity verbal aggression or high/low intensity no verbal aggression. Finally, participants were asked to evaluate the appropriateness, future …