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Implementation Of Recommended Forest Stewardship Program Practices In West Virginia: Ten-Year Assessment., Brian M. Jennings
Implementation Of Recommended Forest Stewardship Program Practices In West Virginia: Ten-Year Assessment., Brian M. Jennings
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
One thousand six hundred and seventy-two (63% response rate) Forest Stewardship Program participants responded to a survey aimed at assessing the implementation rates of the Forest Stewardship Program’s recommended practices. Ten different recommended practices were examined using logistic regression models in order to determine what factors were related to the implementation of those practices. Thirty-nine factors were included in each of the models, including landowner demographics, participation in other private landowner assistance programs, motivation behind enrollment in the FSP, and whether or not a specific practice was recommended in a plan. Twenty-three of the thirty-nine factors revealed a relationship with …
The Influence Of Birth Order On Verbal Aggressiveness And Argumentativeness., Marissa F. Rodgers
The Influence Of Birth Order On Verbal Aggressiveness And Argumentativeness., Marissa F. Rodgers
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study examined the influence of birth order on verbal aggressiveness and argumentativeness. Participants were 207 (111 men, 94 women; M age = 19.80) students. Participants completed the Verbal Aggressiveness Scale (Infante & Wigley, 1986) and the Argumentativeness Scale (Infante & Rancer, 1982). Results indicated first-born children reported significantly more argumentativeness than did youngest children. Men reported significantly more verbal aggressiveness and argumentativeness than females. A significant difference did not exist between the verbal aggressiveness of first-born children, only-children, and laterborn children. Future research should compare siblings’ reports of verbal aggressiveness, argumentativeness, and other salient communication behaviors to assess differing …
The Effects Of Cancer On Interpersonal Relationships., Alicia M. Vandine
The Effects Of Cancer On Interpersonal Relationships., Alicia M. Vandine
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of these studies was to examine the impact of cancer on relationship satisfaction, equity, relationship maintenance strategies, and loneliness. The researcher proposed cancer would significantly impact the way individuals with cancer, and their friends/family, view their relationship. Participants in study one were 122 undergraduate students; study two participants were 18 adult pairs (36 individuals) from various Mid-Atlantic States. Results for study one and study two showed individuals in relationships affected by cancer are less satisfied and use fewer relationship maintenance strategies than individuals in relationships not affected by cancer. There was a significant inverse relationship between satisfaction, relationship …
The Role Of Parenting Stress, Difficult Child Behavior, And The Use Of Routines In Management Of Pediatric Asthma., Melissa Demore
The Role Of Parenting Stress, Difficult Child Behavior, And The Use Of Routines In Management Of Pediatric Asthma., Melissa Demore
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of child behavior problems, parenting distress, and child routines in relation to (a) family management of pediatric asthma and (b) children’s adherence to daily maintenance medication. Participants included 30 asthmatic children and their families. Assessment included questionnaires, an interview, and a medication dose-count monitor. Mean percent adherence rates obtained were comparable to the existing literature using similar methods. Scores on measures of parental distress, difficult child behavior, and child care routines were within the normal range. Although data suggested effective asthma management, no significant relations were found between this …
Communication Apprehension And Accuracy Of Decoding Nonverbal Signals: A Replication And Extension Of Schroeder And Ketrow (1997)., Abigail L. Sopko
Communication Apprehension And Accuracy Of Decoding Nonverbal Signals: A Replication And Extension Of Schroeder And Ketrow (1997)., Abigail L. Sopko
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study was intended to be a replication and extension of Schroeder and Ketrow’s study (1997) of communication apprehension and nonverbal decoding ability, using the Interpersonal Perception Task -15 (Costanzo & Archer, 1993). This study explored specific nonverbal behaviors that are utilized by individuals who report high levels of communication apprehension when making judgments about an interaction. Moreover, the relationship between nonverbal decoding ability and interaction involvement was investigated. Results did not indicate any relationship between individuals’ scores on the IPT-15 and any other variable included in the study. Future research should attempt to develop a more reliable and valid …
An Economic Analysis Of Pasture-Raised Beef Systems In Appalachia., Jason R. Evans
An Economic Analysis Of Pasture-Raised Beef Systems In Appalachia., Jason R. Evans
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Cow-calf operations are important enterprises for family farmers in Appalachia and provide significant opportunity for supplemental income. Alternatives to traditional production methods that not only offer higher income potential but also lower risk levels need to be addressed for the benefit of the region’s producers. This thesis presents an analysis of one such alternative, pasture-raised beef production. Stochastic budgeting was used to compare profit and risk levels experienced by numerous categories of grassfed and traditional producers. Results showed that risk in pasture-raised operations is primarily production-related while risk for traditional producers is price-related and is, in general, more severe than …
A Qualitative Examination Of Persuasive Messages And Ethical Responsibility In The Public Relations Industry., Ryan L. Hayes
A Qualitative Examination Of Persuasive Messages And Ethical Responsibility In The Public Relations Industry., Ryan L. Hayes
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This research is an exploration of the public relations industry and its correlation between persuasive messages and ethical responsibility. The design tested public relation firms’ websites and the content of their persuasive messages to potential clients. It applies a qualitative analysis to the top 50 Public Relations corporation’s websites homepages and systematically breaks down their persuasive messages as they apply to the industry’s code of ethics. This research shows that the ethical principle of “expertise” is a significant factor when presenting persuasive messages on most Public Relations firms’ corporate websites and that the industry as a whole is partaking in …
Physical Activity Perceptions In Adolescents: A Qualitative Analysis., Lindsey M. Parker
Physical Activity Perceptions In Adolescents: A Qualitative Analysis., Lindsey M. Parker
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this research was to investigate adolescent perceptions of overweight and physical activity. Focus groups were used to collect information. Eight age- and gender- specific focus groups consisting of 48 participants (10 middle school males, 10 middle school females, 15 high school males, and 13 high school females). Perceptions of overweight, benefits, barriers and facilitators to being physically active were gathered among the groups and compared using age and gender. Males and females were found to differ in their overweight perceptions, perceived benefits of physical activity, their activity preferences, and barriers to physical activity. High school aged adolescents …
The Effect Of Dietary Lactose On The Performance Of Turkeys., Mabel Mbone Milimu
The Effect Of Dietary Lactose On The Performance Of Turkeys., Mabel Mbone Milimu
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
An experiment was conducted involving 360 large white turkeys of mixed sex, raised in floor pens. The purpose of the experiment was to determine the effect of dietary lactose on the performance of turkeys and to determine the optimum amount of lactose inclusion in the diet. There were six diets and three replicates of each diet. The diets contained 0%, (commercial and control) 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4% lactose and were randomly assigned to 18 pens with 20 birds per pen. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) among the diets in final …
The Play Behaviors Of Hospitalized Children., Tracey M. Craddock
The Play Behaviors Of Hospitalized Children., Tracey M. Craddock
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study was aimed at identifying the play behaviors of hospitalized preschool aged children. Hospitals that had child life programs were the focus. Two hundred informational surveys and playroom observation forms were mailed throughout the United States. Surveys asked about the hours of operation of the child life program, hours of operation of the institution’s playroom, whether adults had to accompany children to the playroom, and whether a member of the child life staff was always present in the playroom. Number of child life staff at the institution and child life staff to patient ratio was also recorded. Participants were …
Evaluating Municipal Replacement Trees: Assessing Health And Survival Factors., Scott L. Kilbourn
Evaluating Municipal Replacement Trees: Assessing Health And Survival Factors., Scott L. Kilbourn
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Tree characteristics and environmental factors were evaluated to determine their effect on the health and survival of low-maturing street trees. A total of 271 trees were sampled in 13 West Virginia communities participating in the Municipal Tree Restoration Program (MTRP). Trees were assigned a crown rating on a scale of 0-7, 0 being excellent and 7 being very poor. Crown ratings were based on estimates of crown density, foliage transparency, and crown dieback percentages. Using logistic regression, a model was developed to predict the initial survival. Seven variables were found to have a significant relationship with crown rating: diameter above …
A Comparison Of Distraction Strategies For Venipuncture In Young Children., Jill E. Maclaren
A Comparison Of Distraction Strategies For Venipuncture In Young Children., Jill E. Maclaren
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Distraction has been used successfully as an intervention to decrease children’s distress during painful procedures. However, distraction protocols differ in various ways, most notably in the attention required by the participant to engage in the distraction. This study compared two empirically supported distraction strategies that differed in the degree to which they required children’s interaction (interactive toy and cartoon movie) during venipunctures. Standard treatment was used as a control condition. In addition to the examination of treatment effects, exploratory analyses evaluated relations among children’s age, engagement in distraction, and distress. Results indicated that children watching the movie were more distracted …
Forgiveness Of Interpersonal Betrayal: The Effects Of Empathy And Trauma Symptomology., Benjamin T. Parker
Forgiveness Of Interpersonal Betrayal: The Effects Of Empathy And Trauma Symptomology., Benjamin T. Parker
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study investigated the relations among forgiveness, empathy, trauma symptomology, and relationship characteristics. Participants included 116 female and 113 male undergraduates. Forgiveness was measured by the Acts of Forgiveness Scale, empathy by the Batson Empathy Scale, and trauma symptomology by the PTSD Checklist. The Relationship Rating Form and the Commitment Inventory measured relationship characteristics. Results indicated a significant positive relation between forgiveness and empathy (r = .215) and a significant inverse relation between forgiveness and trauma symptomology (r = -.307). No significant direct associations were observed between forgiveness and relationship characteristics. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that forgiveness was significantly predicted …
A Longitudinal Content Analysis Of Violence, Sex, And Drugs In Rap Music., Melina Sissum
A Longitudinal Content Analysis Of Violence, Sex, And Drugs In Rap Music., Melina Sissum
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study is a longitudinal study of violence, sexual references, and drug use in popular rap music lyrics. The top ten rap songs were gathered from 1994 through 2002 and analyzed. Results indicated that though there is violence in popular rap music it is not predominate. It was also found that when violence is present it is most often without consequences or rationale. Further, it was found that popular rap music contained more sexual references than violence. Also, when sexual references were present it was gratuitously, without reference to relationships. It was also found that there is a high correlation …
An Investigation Of Advances In Digital Cartography Through The Mapping Of West Virginia University., Brenden Duffy
An Investigation Of Advances In Digital Cartography Through The Mapping Of West Virginia University., Brenden Duffy
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The traditional map metaphor has evolved beyond two dimensions and is now accompanied by a family of new ‘map’ types. Maps now encompass two dimensional displays, multi-dimensional digital representations, and static or interactive maps in both hard and softcopy formats. This research project examines the role of cartography within the context of developing 2-dimensional (2D) static maps, interactive 2D Internet maps, and 2.5D interactive Internet maps of West Virginia University (WVU). The contributing literature includes reviews of traditional cartographic processes, GIS and cartography, Internet mapping, and virtual reality and the Internet. In the production of a traditional paper map of …
The Relationship Between Fibromyalgia And Emotional Expressivity And Its Influence On Locus Of Control, Ways Of Coping, And Quality Of Life., Avril D. Zaharoff
The Relationship Between Fibromyalgia And Emotional Expressivity And Its Influence On Locus Of Control, Ways Of Coping, And Quality Of Life., Avril D. Zaharoff
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The impact of fibromyalgia on quality of life is well documented. Quality of life issues confront individuals with fibromyalgia daily. For these individuals, coping with the challenges to obtain effective treatment, can become a daunting process. Feeling a sense of control over their condition is important to sustaining a reasonable quality of life. The purpose of this study was to test a theoretically based model describing the factors that influence quality of life in individuals with fibromyalgia. The theoretical (hypothesized) model suggested that impact of fibromyalgia, emotional expressivity, locus of control, and coping process, all influenced quality of life. A …
Dark Wilderness A Phenomenological Exploration Of The Idea Of Cave Wilderness, Patricia E. Seiser
Dark Wilderness A Phenomenological Exploration Of The Idea Of Cave Wilderness, Patricia E. Seiser
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
It has been almost forty years since the passage of the 1964 Wilderness Act and the establishment of the National Wilderness Preservation System. Forty years later, we still have not seen a wilderness that is not a surface environment. There exist neither subterranean nor marine wilderness areas. Efforts on behalf of cave wilderness have focused on the 1964 Wilderness Act legal definition of wilderness. Perhaps what is required is a different concept for the establishment of cave wilderness. This study explored the idea of cave wilderness from a human dimension perspective, via focus groups, using stakeholders from two cave regions …
The Role Of Nerve Growth Factor In Neuropeptide Up-Regulation In Trigeminal Ganglia Neurons Following Irritant Exposure., Erin R. Wilfong
The Role Of Nerve Growth Factor In Neuropeptide Up-Regulation In Trigeminal Ganglia Neurons Following Irritant Exposure., Erin R. Wilfong
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Workers exposed to occupational irritants often develop symptoms of airway inflammation by unknown mechanisms. In laboratory animals, occupational irritants activate sensory nerves located in airway walls. Sensory nerves respond by increasing neuropeptide production. The neuropeptide, substance P (SP), is produced in trigeminal ganglia (TG) cell bodies and released from nasal mucosa nerve endings. Neurogenic inflammation results from the release of neuropeptides and is characterized by vasodilation, plasma extravasation, mucous secretion and neutrophil chemotaxis. The purpose of these studies was to characterize the regulation of neuropeptides in the upper airway after irritant exposure. Nasal irritation to asphalt fumes is a commonly …
The Use Of Cooperative Grouping In Inclusive Elementary Classrooms., Stephanie G. Pack
The Use Of Cooperative Grouping In Inclusive Elementary Classrooms., Stephanie G. Pack
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
With the advent of inclusion students with disabilities have been placed in settings that can maximize their opportunities to interact with their nondisabled peers. However, the inappropriate social behaviors of students with disabilities often prevented them from acceptance or classroom membership. Cooperative learning has been seen as one means of teaching all students in an inclusive classroom. Teacher support in the form of management systems and reward structures used in cooperative groupings are examined in this study. The use of qualitative research methods (observations, interviews, document analysis) in combination with a quantitative element (simple count) helped to determine the effectiveness …
The Mechanisms Of Ethanol-Induced Damage To The Developing Cerebellum: Effects On The Cerebellar Granule Cells., Zheng Li
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Alcohol exposure causes developmental abnormality known as Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), featured with central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. The cerebellum is vulnerable to ethanol toxicity. Developmental exposure to ethanol depletes the number of cerebellar granule cells; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. A potential mechanism for ethanol-induced neuronal depletion is to reduce the pool of neuronal progenitors. The progression of the cell cycle is regulated by a family of protein kinases called cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). We hypothesize that ethanol interferes with the CDK system and disrupts the cell cycle kinetics in cerebellar granule progenitors (CGPs). Pregnant rats were fed ad …
Parent Involvement And The Beginning Teacher: The Story Of Three Elementary Educators., Willard Michael Martin
Parent Involvement And The Beginning Teacher: The Story Of Three Elementary Educators., Willard Michael Martin
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Numerous studies conclude that parent involvement in education benefits student achievement and improves the overall quality of schools. However, limited descriptive evidence exists that beginning teachers are being acculturated to parent involvement. The voice of the beginning teacher is relatively silent in the parent involvement literature. Such information could provide school leaders with deeper insight into the impact of parent involvement experiences on beginning teachers and the apparent gulf that exists between preservice training and parent involvement skills required of beginning teachers. The case study approach was used to provide a description of how three beginning, elementary classroom teachers experienced …
Fictions Of Nature: Ecology, Science, And Culture In Twentieth-Century British Literature., Neal Bukeavich
Fictions Of Nature: Ecology, Science, And Culture In Twentieth-Century British Literature., Neal Bukeavich
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This dissertation examines twentieth-century British fiction concerned with humankind's interactions with the nonhuman world. I analyze a range of literary works, including H. G. Wells's The Food of the Gods (1903), D. H. Lawrence's The Rainbow (1915), Women in Love (1920), and Lady Chatterley's Lover (1928), John Brunner's Stand on Zanzibar (1968), Graham Swift's Waterland (1983), and J. G. Ballard's Rushing to Paradise (1994). This body of literature remains largely unexamined for its treatments of ecological issues and belongs to a national history deeply implicated in local and global environmental change. Moreover, my consideration of this literary tradition marks a …
The Effects Of Resistance Training And Oral Creatine Supplementation On Muscle Fiber Morphology, Strength And Activities Of Daily Living In Patients With Charcot -Marie -Tooth Disease., Robert David Chetlin
The Effects Of Resistance Training And Oral Creatine Supplementation On Muscle Fiber Morphology, Strength And Activities Of Daily Living In Patients With Charcot -Marie -Tooth Disease., Robert David Chetlin
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Resistance exercise and creatine supplementation independently improve strength and function in patients with neuromuscular diseases, but the effectiveness of the two combined in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is unknown. Additionally, no study has examined gender differences in strength and activities of daily living (ADLs) in CMT patients before or after resistance training, nor has ADL performance been used for exercise prescription. Purposes. (1) To examine the effects of resistance training with and without creatine supplementation on muscle, strength and function in patients with CMT; (2) To compare effects of 12 weeks training on strength and ADLs in CMT men …
Say-Do Correspondence: Effects Of Reinforcer Magnitude, Response Requirement, And Prior Experience On Choices., Stephanie P. Da Silva
Say-Do Correspondence: Effects Of Reinforcer Magnitude, Response Requirement, And Prior Experience On Choices., Stephanie P. Da Silva
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The effects of reinforcer magnitude, response requirement, and prior experience on choices in say-do correspondence were assessed in three experiments. In each of the experiments, correspondence was trained on red, green, and white key colors using Lattal and Doepke's (2001) homologue of correspondence. In Experiment 1, the duration of food presentations following correspondence on each key color was manipulated across conditions. As the duration of food presentation increased (e.g., from 3 s to 6 s), the number of say responses on that key color increased and, as the duration of food presentation decreased (e.g., from 3 s to 1 s), …
The Relationship Between The Emotional Intelligence Competencies Of Principals In The Kanawha County School System In West Virginia And Their Teachers' Perceptions Of School Climate., Leonard J. Allen
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study was to determine if a significant relationship exists between teachers' perceptions of school climate and their principals' emotional intelligence competencies. The CFK Ltd. School Climate Profile was used to assess teachers' perceptions of school climate. Principals' emotional intelligence competencies were measured by the BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i). Teachers and principals were all employees of the Kanawha County School System in West Virginia. The entire population of principals (N = 68) and the entire population of school-based classroom teachers (N = 2081) were provided surveys. One hundred percent of the principals participated and 57% (N …
Reducing Pausing During Rich -To -Lean Schedule Transitions: Effects Of Reinforcer Context And Cue Accuracy., Chad Michael Galuska
Reducing Pausing During Rich -To -Lean Schedule Transitions: Effects Of Reinforcer Context And Cue Accuracy., Chad Michael Galuska
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Transitions from rich-to-lean conditions of reinforcement often produce extended pausing in operant responding and may underlie maladaptive behavior in natural settings. Reducing their disruptive effects is of basic and applied interest. Experiment 1 assessed the effects of the overall reinforcement rate on pausing. Pigeons were exposed to a multiple fixed-ratio (FR) 50 FR 100 schedule. The number of rich (FR 50) and lean (FR 100) components varied across conditions. Pausing during the rich-to-lean transition was inversely related to the overall rate of reinforcement for two of three pigeons. As the number of rich components comprising the multiple schedule increased, pausing …
A World Wide Web Broker For Specifications, Methods, And Procedures For Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete Design., Donald Edward Slater
A World Wide Web Broker For Specifications, Methods, And Procedures For Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete Design., Donald Edward Slater
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The asphalt paving industry in the United States of America (USA) has no readily available method for evaluating and tracking specifications, methods, and procedures (SMPs) related to hot mix asphalt concrete design. There is no automated or computer assisted way of knowing when specifications, methods, and procedures are changed, revised, replaced, reissued, or discontinued, and when new specifications, methods, and procedures are issued. The problem is linking a user with a specific specification, method, or procedure within a specific source. Evaluation, in the context of this research, applies to the consistency of the inter-relationships among specifications and is not related …
The Effect Of Emphysema On Adaptation Of Peripheral Skeletal Muscle To Different Loading Conditions In The Syrian Golden Hamster., Anne K. Swisher
The Effect Of Emphysema On Adaptation Of Peripheral Skeletal Muscle To Different Loading Conditions In The Syrian Golden Hamster., Anne K. Swisher
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Purpose. Severe emphysema affects peripheral skeletal muscle with only partial reversal with exercise training. The effects of mild emphysema on adaptation of peripheral skeletal muscle to different loading conditions are unknown. Methods. Male Syrian golden hamsters were instilled with saline (S, n = 6) or porcine elastase (E, n = 12) to induce mild emphysema prior to removal of the right Achilles tendon to induce overload (OV) of plantaris muscle and unloading (UL) of gastrocnemius. The left limb served as control (C). Six animals were sacrificed at 1, 3, and 5 months. Fiber type, citrate synthase activity (CS), and capillary …
Prepartum Milking Of Holstein Heifers: Prepartum Mastitis And Factors Affecting Heifers Milked Prepartum., Nancy Jean Kerr
Prepartum Milking Of Holstein Heifers: Prepartum Mastitis And Factors Affecting Heifers Milked Prepartum., Nancy Jean Kerr
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
A field study was conducted on two commercial dairy production units to determine the effects of milking Holstein heifers prepartum on prepartum mastitis, reproduction, milk production, and overall health. Holstein heifers were assigned at least 30 days prior to the expected date of parturition to one of three treatment groups: Non-Prepartum Milked Control, Postpartum Milked (C; Farm 1, n = 31; Farm 2, n = 15), Prepartum Milked (P; Farm 1, n = 68; Farm 2, n = 16); and Prepartum Milked with Mastitis (M; Farm 1, n = 27; Farm 2, n = 4). Prepartum milking consisted of twice …
Distributional Ecology Of Bay Anchovy (Anchoa Mitchilli) In The Hudson River Estuary, United States., Ronald Clifton Tipton
Distributional Ecology Of Bay Anchovy (Anchoa Mitchilli) In The Hudson River Estuary, United States., Ronald Clifton Tipton
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
We used hydroacoustics to seasonally estimate regional density and combined river region total abundance of larvae, juvenile, and adult bay anchovy in the Hudson River Estuary from May 1996 through September 1998. During the fine scale power plant study, pelagic fish abundance and distribution was determined acoustically in the vicinity of Bowline and Indian Point power plants on the Hudson River, New York during July, August, and September 1996, in a study designed to determine size specific spatial and temporal fish abundance and distribution with respect to environmental classifications in the vicinity of the two power plants. August yielded the …