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Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

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Characterization Of Noise And Design Of Active Noise Control Technology In Longwall Mines, Arunkumar R. Rai Jan 2005

Characterization Of Noise And Design Of Active Noise Control Technology In Longwall Mines, Arunkumar R. Rai

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Production and safety have always been a prime issue for mining industry and mining engineers, who strive hard to achieve the critical balance between them. Hearing loss and uneasy working environment are few common ones affecting the health statistics of a underground mine. As a result, recent years there have been the focus on to develop an engineering controls to reduce the underground noise. Unique work has been done in this thesis to add additional information on the active noise control technology applied to Longwall mining operations.;Mostly, the survey results indicated that the frequency content of each noise and the …

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Quality Of Life And Clinical Outcomes In Type 2 Diabetes Patients At The Primary Care Clinics Of The West Virginia University Hospital, Murali Sundaram Jan 2005

Quality Of Life And Clinical Outcomes In Type 2 Diabetes Patients At The Primary Care Clinics Of The West Virginia University Hospital, Murali Sundaram

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study examines relationships between quality of life (QoL) and clinical outcomes, specifically A1C, in Type 2 diabetes patients. Type 2 diabetes patients at the outpatient clinics of a university hospital completed the SF-12 and the Audit of Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL), and this was merged with a retrospective collection of his/her clinical and utilization data, including A1C. Usable response rate was 44.3% (n = 385). Mean A1C of respondents was 7.2 (+1.4), mean diabetes duration was 10.2 (+9.1), and 62.1% were obese. Only ADDQoL scores showed significant correlation with A1C (r = -0.19, p < 0.000). Hierarchical regression models were used to explain the effect of A1C on QoL controlling for demographics and clinical variables. A1C was not a significant predictor in any regression model, although univariate analyses indicated significantly lower ADDQoL and SF-12 PCS in the group with A1C > 7.0. Obesity was …

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Effects Of Heating, Breathing, Hair Style, Posture, And Air Velocity On Breathing Zone Concentrations For An Anthropometrically-Correct Manikin In A Wind Tunnel, Waleed Mahmoud Elnahas Jan 2005

Effects Of Heating, Breathing, Hair Style, Posture, And Air Velocity On Breathing Zone Concentrations For An Anthropometrically-Correct Manikin In A Wind Tunnel, Waleed Mahmoud Elnahas

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Ethanol concentrations were measured on an anthropometrically correct, heated, breathing manikin holding a source in its hands at waist height while both sitting and standing in a wind tunnel. The manikin was oriented with its back to the cross draft velocity. Sampling probes were placed at the manikin's mouth, nose, forehead, neck, both collars, center chest and both lapels. Samples were taken from each probe concurrently for 15 minutes by drawing air at 0.15 L/min into separate Teflon(TM) bags using separate sampling lines. The work was divided into two studies each having factorial study designs and two replications of each …

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The Relation Of Psychopathic Characteristics And Malingering Of Ptsd, Elizabeth Ann Tyner Jan 2005

The Relation Of Psychopathic Characteristics And Malingering Of Ptsd, Elizabeth Ann Tyner

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Clinical lore suggests that psychopaths should be successful malingers, yet empirical evidence is inconclusive. To further investigate the relation of psychopathy and malingering, 56 undergraduate males were classified into three groups based on responses to one trauma screener (Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale; PDS, Foa, Cashman, Jaycox & Perry, 1997) and one psychopathy screener (Psychopathic Personality Inventory: Short Form; PPI: SF, Lilienfeld & Andrews, 1996). This multimodal simulation study examined the ability of participants high and low in psychopathic characteristics to successfully malinger PTSD. Contrary to predictions, results indicated that individuals high in psychopathic characteristics were not better at convincing raters …

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Integrated Stability Mapping System For Mines, Quanxi Wang Jan 2005

Integrated Stability Mapping System For Mines, Quanxi Wang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Integrated Stability Mapping System (ISMS) was developed as an engineering tool to quantify the geologic and geo-mechanical information of mines, and to integrate the critical stability influence factors into an overall stability index for use in mine planning and support design. It is generally understood that the inherent underground roof stability is determined by the interaction of both the given geologic characteristics and the local stress influences. Form this perspective, in this dissertation, the need for an integrated stability mapping system is established through investigating the traditional and current hazard mapping practices. In order to fulfill this need, computer …

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Predicting Adherence In Injury Rehabilitation: Utility Of A Screening Tool And Physical Therapists' Predictions., Emma Jayne Grindley Jan 2005

Predicting Adherence In Injury Rehabilitation: Utility Of A Screening Tool And Physical Therapists' Predictions., Emma Jayne Grindley

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to explore protection motivation theory's (PMT) utility in guiding research in a general orthopedic rehabilitation facility. Further questions were whether a screening incorporating the Sports Injury Rehabilitation Beliefs Scale (SIRBS), Positive and Negative Affect Scales (PANAS), and a barriers checklist, and/or physical therapists' (PTs') perceptions were valid measures that could predict patients' adherence behavior. Adherence behavior was measured using the Sports Injury Rehabilitation Adherence Scale (SIRAS) and attendance behavior groupings which were classified as drop out/no drop out, no show/non no show, and cancellation/no cancellation. This study was conducted in a community sports medicine …

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The Effects Of Explanatory Style On Bowling Performance., Paula M. Parker Jan 2005

The Effects Of Explanatory Style On Bowling Performance., Paula M. Parker

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

As positive psychology gains more attention in psychology, sport psychology consultants will likely increase the study of this branch of psychological research. Foster, Hinkelman, and Watson (2003) suggested that an area of importance for sport psychology researchers is the development of a program to teach athletes how to be more optimistic in their explanatory style (ES). Some sport related research has shown that an optimistic explanatory style better equips individuals to bounce back from failure (e.g., Martin-Krumm et al.; Seligman et al., 1990), while other research has shown that a pessimistic style may be more beneficial to sport performance (e.g., …

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Fourth Graders' Development Of Multimedia Portfolios., Veronica D. Kuminkoski-Yurt Jan 2005

Fourth Graders' Development Of Multimedia Portfolios., Veronica D. Kuminkoski-Yurt

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A review of the literature indicates there is a need for alternative assessment practices for elementary students. Seven fourth grade students in a small rural school will learn how to construct an electronic portfolio that will exhibit their progress and achievement. The contents of the portfolio must include student participation in the selection as well as provide evidence of self-reflection. This study researches a computer-based portfolio, which uses HyperStudio software. This program will allow students to create sound, video, graphics, and animation during the construction process. As students build their multimedia portfolios, they will learn how to use technology as …

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Heating Ventilation And Air Conditioning Systems Condition Assessment Methodology, Anand Chandrashekaran Jan 2005

Heating Ventilation And Air Conditioning Systems Condition Assessment Methodology, Anand Chandrashekaran

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Facilities (equipment) renewal is assigned low priority due to insufficient budgets in universities, colleges, hospitals, and industries. Insufficient funds lead to postponement of major repairs and replacements of facilities. This lack of investments combined with deterioration of facilities increases the maintenance problem. When funds become available, replacement and repair maintenance projects are carried out, at the cost of the critical ones, due to lack of information on facilities conditions and deficiencies. Thereby developing a facilities condition assessment methodology with a prioritization technique will help in utilizing the available resources effectively. This assessment identifies the physical condition and maintenance deficiencies of …

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Evaluating Real-World Idle Emissions From Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles, Abm Siddiqur Rahman Khan Jan 2005

Evaluating Real-World Idle Emissions From Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles, Abm Siddiqur Rahman Khan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Long haul trucks in the USA idle for extended periods at truck stops and at pickup and drop-off points. The idling consumes fuel, contributes to engine wear and reduces atmospheric quality, but it cannot simply be proscribed because in many cases cab heat or air-conditioning provides essential driver comfort. As an example, there are nearly 1.5 million interstate trucks that operate in California, where climate control is essential. A comprehensive tailpipe emissions database to describe idling impacts is not available at present, although studies have been conducted to quantify idle emissions and to project the advantages of idle reduction technologies …

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The Role Of Apoptosis In Muscle Remodeling, Parco Ming-Fai Siu Jan 2005

The Role Of Apoptosis In Muscle Remodeling, Parco Ming-Fai Siu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Apoptosis has been implicated in mediating the process of muscle loss during muscle disuse and with aging. However, the physiologic role of apoptosis in muscle remodeling is largely unknown. The purposes of this dissertation were to examine the role of apoptosis in different muscle remodeling conditions including muscle denervation, hindlimb suspension, muscle unloading following overload, endurance treadmill training, and muscle overload in mice, rats, or quails. Apoptotic signaling components and cellular stress markers including Bax, Bcl-2, Apaf-1, cytochrome c, caspases, Smac/DIABLO, XIAP, ARC, FLIP, AIF, p53, Id2, p21, c-Myc, PARP, HSP70, HSP27, HSP60, MnSOD, CuZnSOD, catalase, H2O2, MDA/4-HAE, nitrotyrosine or …

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White Washed: The Representation Of Hispanics In Television National News Coverage., Matthew P. Gallagher Jan 2005

White Washed: The Representation Of Hispanics In Television National News Coverage., Matthew P. Gallagher

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study analyzed Hispanics and national television news coverage. The quantitative portion of the study examined four separate weeks of television news coverage on six networks over a one year period. From the 1,106 stories examined, Hispanics were viewed in only 18 stories. And from the results it was concluded that television news networks are “white washed,” meaning that the news is based around Caucasians.

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Investigation Of The Effects Of Thermal Enrichment And Acid Mine Drainage On Sensitive Aquatic Biota In The Stony River, Grant County, West Virginia., Christopher D. Horn Jan 2005

Investigation Of The Effects Of Thermal Enrichment And Acid Mine Drainage On Sensitive Aquatic Biota In The Stony River, Grant County, West Virginia., Christopher D. Horn

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Recent surveys have indicated that populations of fishes and crayfish are small in the Stony River, Grant Co., WV. The Stony River is influenced by thermal enrichment and acid mine drainage (AMD) within a 13 km stream reach, downstream of Mt. Storm Lake. In an attempt to determine the influence of each anthropogenic disturbance on these affected taxa, studies of their distribution and survival were undertaken. A crayfish trapping survey was conducted along a gradient of thermal and AMD influences in the Stony River system. Cambarus bartonii was the only species captured, although two subspecies of C. bartonii living in …

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The Role Of Cognitive Factors In The Development Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder., Lisa B. Greene Jan 2005

The Role Of Cognitive Factors In The Development Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder., Lisa B. Greene

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The present study examined the relation between the development of PTSD and coping, posttraumatic cognitions, resilience, spirituality, and religiosity. A total of 91 participants (out of 304 screened) were divided into three groups—Control, Trauma Exposed, and PTSD. Participants completed the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS), Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WOCQ), Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI), ConnorDavidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale (SIBS), and Religiosity Measures Questionnaire (RMQ). Results indicated that the Trauma Exposed group scored the lowest on the Self-Controlling, Accepting Responsibility, and Escape-Avoidance subscales of the WOCQ while the PTSD group scored the highest. Additionally, the Trauma …

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The Hospitalized Adolescent: Fears, Stressors, And Coping Skills., Lora L. Garlitz Jan 2005

The Hospitalized Adolescent: Fears, Stressors, And Coping Skills., Lora L. Garlitz

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This paper presents the findings of an investigation to determine whether of not there is a difference in hospitalized adolescents and non-hospitalized adolescents. The participants were 60 adolescents between the ages of 12 to 18 years. Their fears, stressors, and coping skills were evaluated by using three instruments: a 35-item self-report test on coping; a 108-item self-report test on fears; and a 15-item self-report test on stress. The results revealed that on specific measures hospitalized adolescents exhibited a statistically significantly less degree of emotional upset during hospitalization than did the community sample. Implications of these results in determining procedures to …

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I. Development Of The West Virginia Dairy Quality Assurance Program, Daniel H. Poole Jan 2005

I. Development Of The West Virginia Dairy Quality Assurance Program, Daniel H. Poole

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Consumer confidence impacts agricultural markets. In response, many food industries have adopted cost-effective programs to reduce risk and offer third party verification of product quality. The purpose of this project was to implement the West Virginia Dairy Quality Assurance Program (WVDQAP) which promotes best management practices to produce high quality milk and meat products. This study surveyed dairy producers throughout the state, to establish the most effective method of program implementation. A manual was constructed and presented to producers at one of five meeting across the state. The manual focuses on the requirements a producer must follow to receive certification. …

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Russia And Chechnya: The Path To War., Jason A. Roberts Jan 2005

Russia And Chechnya: The Path To War., Jason A. Roberts

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis examines the causes of the 1994-1996 Chechen War by analyzing the policies of the Russian and Chechen governments between 1991 and 1994. The development of Chechen separatism in the late 1980s and the creation of a secessionist Chechen government in 1990-1991 are extensively examined. Through the use of Russian and Chechen government documents as well as contemporary reports in the Russian press, I present in detail the negotiation process between Moscow and Grozny in 1992-1994 and I examine why these negotiations failed to reach a peaceful settlement. Ultimately, I argue that the 1994-1996 Chechen War resulted from Moscow’s …

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Finite Element Modeling Of Cells In Response To Loading: Effect Of Cytoskeleton., Chee Wui Loke Jan 2005

Finite Element Modeling Of Cells In Response To Loading: Effect Of Cytoskeleton., Chee Wui Loke

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis marked by degeneration of the cartilage and bone in joints, which causes severe joint pain associated with daily activities. Articular cartilage is one of the major load bearing tissue that transfers load across joints and with synovial fluid provides a bearing surface for the diarthrodial joints. It is made up of highly specialized cells called chondrocytes that are responsible for its growth and maintenance. Mechanical loading and cell-matrix interactions have been shown experimentally to influence the biological behavior of chondrocytes. Biological behavior of the chondrocytes is important because they are highly associative with the …

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The Effects Of Roads And Culverts On Stream And Stream-Side Salamander Communities In Eastern West Virginia., Ryan Lee Ward Jan 2005

The Effects Of Roads And Culverts On Stream And Stream-Side Salamander Communities In Eastern West Virginia., Ryan Lee Ward

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Roads and culverts have many effects on stream salamanders. We examined 120 culvert crossings in the Shavers Fork and Dry Fork watersheds in eastern West Virginia. Complete barriers to salamander passage occurred at 55.0% of the sites visited and partial barriers at 34.2%. Analyses showed that 20.6% of the total stream length in the Dry Fork watershed and 18.4% in the Shavers Fork watershed were isolated by barriers. We conducted salamander sampling at 16 streams and used Akaikeís Information Criterion to select the best a priori models explaining salamander diversity, richness, and abundance. Roads benefited disturbance tolerant species while negatively …

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Juvenile Delinquency And The Acceptance Of Offence-Specific Neutralizations., Jared Wharram Jan 2005

Juvenile Delinquency And The Acceptance Of Offence-Specific Neutralizations., Jared Wharram

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between offense-specific neutralizations and delinquency. Analysis of data from the final wave of the Evaluation of the Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) Program in the United States (1995-1999) reveals that youth are likely to accept neutralizations for behaviors they have committed. For example, when controlling for other variables theoretically linked to delinquency, neutralization of lying was found to be significantly associated with lying, while neutralization of stealing was found to be significantly associated with stealing and neutralization of violence was found to be significantly associated with violent behavior. The …

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The Impact Of Error Propagation On Software Reliability Analysis Of Component-Based Systems., Petar Popic Jan 2005

The Impact Of Error Propagation On Software Reliability Analysis Of Component-Based Systems., Petar Popic

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Component based development is gaining popularity in the software engineering community. The reliability of components affects the reliability of the system. Different models and theories have been developed to estimate system reliability given the information about system architecture and the quality of the components. Almost always in these models, one of the key attributes of component-based systems, the error propagation between the components, is overlooked or not taken into account in reliability calculation. This thesis extends previous work on the Bayesian approach to reliability estimation and assessment of component-based systems by introducing the Error Propagation Probability into the model. The …

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Community Factors And Educational Attainment In A North Appalachian Area., Olena L. Welling Jan 2005

Community Factors And Educational Attainment In A North Appalachian Area., Olena L. Welling

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Regression analysis suggests that district-to-district differences in high school completion rates are positively related to post-high school economic and educational opportunities. High school completion rates are negatively related to the costs of schools. Dropping out of high school is the students’ attempt to rationally respond to their environment and social circumstances. Thus, dropping out can be interpreted as a rational phenomenon. Students are calculating, often unself-consciously, the costs of staying in school versus the returns to education. Students are acting rational in responding to the constraints and opportunities of their social circumstances. District-level high school completion rates were regressed on …

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Evaluation Of An Air-To-Ratio Derived Exhaust Flow Rate For In-Use Emissions Testing., Jason D. Bolyard Jan 2005

Evaluation Of An Air-To-Ratio Derived Exhaust Flow Rate For In-Use Emissions Testing., Jason D. Bolyard

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of an air-to-fuel ratio derived exhaust flow rate for emissions testing. The Mobile Emissions Measurement System (MEMS) was developed by West Virginia University to perform in-use emissions testing for several heavy-duty diesel engine manufactures. The MEMS was modified to complete this study. A review of literature describing different on-board systems and flow measurement techniques was performed to aid in the completion of this project. Most of the exhaust flow measurement techniques require the modification of the test vehicle’s exhaust system. The air-to-fuel ratio derived exhaust flow rate only requires a probe to …

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A Study Of Persuasion, Propaganda And The Effectiveness Of Messages., Kelly M. Saunders Jan 2005

A Study Of Persuasion, Propaganda And The Effectiveness Of Messages., Kelly M. Saunders

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study of persuasive and propagandistic messages explores the differences and similarities among the two, as well as elements necessary for success, using previous research in the field. In addition, this report includes an analysis of the diffusion, framing, placement within newspaper articles, and effects of news content relating to the Swift Boat Veterans for Truth disseminated during the 2004 Presidential campaign. The results of this study suggest a need for greater scrutiny among reporters regarding messages distributed by interest groups.

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Trade And Special Interest Politics, Enforcement Policy And Illegal Drugs: Three Essays., Suryadipta Roy Jan 2005

Trade And Special Interest Politics, Enforcement Policy And Illegal Drugs: Three Essays., Suryadipta Roy

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The objective of this dissertation is to investigate the implications of government policy in trade of legal goods and illegal drugs, and to comment on government policy towards illegal drugs in the United States. To this end, importance of the role of special interest groups in shaping public policy is discussed in general and for the US in particular. Chapter 2 lays out a theoretical model explaining the effect of political asymmetry in tariff setting in preferential trading agreements. Using a three-good, three-nation version of the Meade-model, endogenous tariff setting in a preferential-trading agreement (PTA) is analyzed. Using Nash bargaining …

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The Determinants Of State Work Attachment Strategy Choices And The Effects Of Work Attachment Strategies On Welfare Recipients, Former Recipients, And Poverty., Kyoung Hag Lee Jan 2005

The Determinants Of State Work Attachment Strategy Choices And The Effects Of Work Attachment Strategies On Welfare Recipients, Former Recipients, And Poverty., Kyoung Hag Lee

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study explores how national factors such as the high performance bonus, work participation rate penalty, and caseload reduction credits from federal government influence state work attachment strategy choices. In addition, this study examines the effects of state work attachment strategies, such as lifetime limits, sanctions, and work requirements, on the employment and earning outcomes for welfare recipients in various states, along with the poverty rates in those states and the employment and economic status of former welfare recipients. Using three multivariate regression methods such as OLS regression, logistic regression, and ordered logistic regression using SPSS, this study analyzes administrative …

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The Effects Of Uv-B Radiation On The Growth And Physiology Of Non-Agricultural Plant Species Under Changing Environmental Conditions., Chintamani S. Manish Jan 2005

The Effects Of Uv-B Radiation On The Growth And Physiology Of Non-Agricultural Plant Species Under Changing Environmental Conditions., Chintamani S. Manish

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

I investigated whether seedlings of non-agricultural plants exposed to varying levels of UV-B exposure had altered growth, physiological, and tissue chemistry responses under changing environmental conditions. In a field experiment, using a modulated UV-B lamp bank system, elevated UV-B did not significantly alter the total biomass of the 6 plant species that were studied, and only Quercus rubra showed a trend towards some sensitivity to UV-B. In two species—Platanus occidentalis and Setaria faberii—I found an increase in the production of UV-B absorbing compounds under elevated UV-B while two grasses—S. faberii and Elymus virginicus—had significantly decreased C:N ratios under elevated UV-B. …

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Agenda Setting And Denial In The States. Nonprofit Hospital Tax Exemptions: A North Carolina Case Study., Linda Struyk Millsaps Jan 2005

Agenda Setting And Denial In The States. Nonprofit Hospital Tax Exemptions: A North Carolina Case Study., Linda Struyk Millsaps

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This research has two objectives. First, it examines the nature of state-level agenda setting, comparing it to the prevailing federal level theories of agenda setting and agenda denial. Specifically it examines state tax exemptions for nonprofit hospitals in North Carolina to determine if this policy arena follows acknowledged theories of agenda setting and denial, or if there is something unique about tax policy that creates a different agenda setting dynamic. Areas of focus included the status of nonprofit hospital property tax exemptions on the policy agenda and how the issue came to that position. Interviews with legislators, lobbyists, hospital and …

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Political Economy Of Railway Extensions In Kenya: The Case Of The Uasin Gishu Railway 1901-1930, John Mwaniki Mwaruvie Jan 2005

Political Economy Of Railway Extensions In Kenya: The Case Of The Uasin Gishu Railway 1901-1930, John Mwaniki Mwaruvie

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The history of the construction of the Uasin Gishu railway demonstrates the complexity of formulating and implementing a colonial development project. It involved an array of actors with divergent interests. As result, the project became the most controversial railway extension in Kenya, which some critics have called a "colonial scandal." The main areas of controversy involved the altering of the original route for the Kisumu to Mumias railway, which was meant to serve the most productive African district in favor of a line starting from Nakuru via Uasin Gishu to Mumias to cater for the interests of European settlers who …

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Understanding The Coach -Athlete Dyad: The Impact Of Educational Interventions On Perceptions And Psychosocial Variables., Lindsey C. Blom Jan 2005

Understanding The Coach -Athlete Dyad: The Impact Of Educational Interventions On Perceptions And Psychosocial Variables., Lindsey C. Blom

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

With the understanding that coaches have a direct impact on the athletes with whom they work (Libman, 1998) and with the knowledge that this influence is complex (Weiss & Hayashi, 1996), it can be assumed that coaching education is of the utmost importance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the PASS IT Back program developed to help coaches address their specific players' perceptions and preferences for the coach-athlete relationship. Nine boys' high school soccer coaches and their respective teams were randomly placed in one of three categories: (1) control group, (2) feedback group receiving information about players' perceptions …

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