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Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

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The Politics Of The Evolution Of Global Tobacco Control: The Formation And Functioning Of The Framework Convention On Tobacco Control (Fctc), Hadii M. Mamudu Aug 2005

The Politics Of The Evolution Of Global Tobacco Control: The Formation And Functioning Of The Framework Convention On Tobacco Control (Fctc), Hadii M. Mamudu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The study investigates the politics behind the evolution of tobacco as a global issue leading to adoption of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in May 2003. The study relies on liberal-constructivist perspective to analyze the transformation of tobacco control between 1960 and 2003. The study uses a combination of elite interview and content analysis. It found that the presence of an international organization with constitutional powers in tobacco control, WHO and the diffusion and transfer of knowledge, information, and ideas about tobacco use and tobacco control contributed to the emergence of tobacco control as a global phenomenon and …

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Comparative Seed Dispersal, Seedling Establishment And Growth Of Exotic, Invasive Ailanthus Altissima (Mill.) Swingle And Native Liriodendron Tulipifera (L.), Nathan L. Kota May 2005

Comparative Seed Dispersal, Seedling Establishment And Growth Of Exotic, Invasive Ailanthus Altissima (Mill.) Swingle And Native Liriodendron Tulipifera (L.), Nathan L. Kota

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (tree of heaven) is an exotic species from China that was intentionally introduced as an urban ornamental species but has since become naturalized throughout much of the U.S. This pioneer species appears poised to invade rural areas as current rates of human-induced forest disturbance lower dispersal barriers and increase available habitat, especially in eastern forests, where it will compete with pioneer native trees such as Liriodendron tulipifera (L.) (yellow poplar). To compare the invasion potential of exotic A. altissima and native L. tulipifera, my research focused on two objectives. First, I investigated characteristics that influence dispersal …

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Functional Mri Of Rat Kidney Using Bold & Asl Techniques, Rajesh K. Garugu May 2005

Functional Mri Of Rat Kidney Using Bold & Asl Techniques, Rajesh K. Garugu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Noninvasive functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods may provide new ways to detect and track renal hemodynamic changes in-vivo. In this thesis, two fMRI methods were correlated with simultaneous invasive hemodynamic measurements. A particular goal of this thesis was to measure the relative contributions of oxygenation and perfusion changes to changes in the relaxation rate, T2*. Also, an MRI compatible motion detector was built and along with the invasive probes was interfaced to a data acquisition system for use during scanning. Drug-induced changes in renal oxygenation and blood flow were measured by BOLD- & ASL-MRI noninvasively, while a dual oxygenation/perfusion …

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Preparation Of Acoustic Emission Data For Neural Network Analysis Using Awk And C Programs, Avinash Kaza May 2005

Preparation Of Acoustic Emission Data For Neural Network Analysis Using Awk And C Programs, Avinash Kaza

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Fiber Reinforced Polymer composites are relatively new to the bridge construction industry. One of the challenges to greater usage is the lack of a real-time nondestructive method to accurately evaluate them. A Neural Network program can be used to predict the status of a structure by analyzing summarized Acoustic Emission data from the structure in real-time.;Existing methods use tools such as MS Excel to extract the Neural Network input matrix from raw data having more than 30,000 rows of Acoustic Emission data for a simple three point bending test. This manual data extraction process is very time consuming. Therefore, application …

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Periplasmic Flagella Of The Spirochetes Borrelia Burgdorferi And Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae, Melanie S. Sal May 2005

Periplasmic Flagella Of The Spirochetes Borrelia Burgdorferi And Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae, Melanie S. Sal

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Spirochetes are unique bacteria that cause a variety of diseases. Motility, provided by periplasmic flagella (PFs), is a virulence factor for spirochetes. This work focuses on PFs from Borrelia burgdorferi and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. PFs consist of three main parts: basal body, hook, and filament. Monoclonal antibodies were developed to attempt identification of individual FlaB filament proteins in B. hyodysenteriae .;The PF filament of B. burgdorferi consists of a major flagellin, FlaB, and a minor flagellin, FlaA. FlaB constitutes 10-14%, whereas FlaA contributes less than 0.5%, of total cellular protein. Although these flagellins co-precipitate, the location of FlaA on a PF …

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Identifying Critical Factors For Developing Effective Rural Community Technology Centers, Daphne Gooding May 2005

Identifying Critical Factors For Developing Effective Rural Community Technology Centers, Daphne Gooding

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this research is to inform both existing and developing community technology initiatives as to the critical factors for building effective rural community technology centers. Rural community technology centers which had been operating for at least two years were identified and contacted by telephone. Either a paid or volunteer staff person was interviewed using a semi-structured protocol of open-ended questions. Responses were taped, transcribed and coded using standard tools and procedures for qualitative investigation. Codes were grouped in 12 thematic groups. Relative occurrences of codes within each group were analyzed. Participants were asked what criteria were used to …

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How People Become Media Literate And Their Media Habits, Indira Liz Calles Giraud May 2005

How People Become Media Literate And Their Media Habits, Indira Liz Calles Giraud

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Media literacy is defined as the way people analyze and interpret messages from mass media. This project studies how people become media literate and methodologies that may be applied to make media education more effective. It is important to know and understand background information about people, exclusively their likes and dislikes about mass media and also to identify what makes these people form media literacy habits. This study discusses different theories about media education and propagation. But primarily this study compares those who have had formal exposure to media literacy with those whose exposure has been less methodical. The study …

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Effect Of Opening Size On The Effectiveness Of A Noise Enclosure On The Side Facing The Opening, Amit Damodar Hegde May 2005

Effect Of Opening Size On The Effectiveness Of A Noise Enclosure On The Side Facing The Opening, Amit Damodar Hegde

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Noise enclosures are an important tool in reducing noise exposures. Holes in enclosures are known to reduce the effectiveness of such enclosures. There are methods to predict the effects of openings, but those methods are largely untested in real enclosures. This study investigated the effects of hole size (0%, 0.024%, 0.379%, 0.675%, 1.492%,and 5.063%) at a distance of 5 feet (1.524 m) in a 96 inch (2.46 m) x 37 inch (0.94 m) x 31 inch (0.79 m), 3/4 inch plywood enclosure with a noise source centered in the box and the openings centered on one long face of the …

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Measurement And Evaluation Of The Performance Of An Integral Abutment Bridge Deck, Kenneth Mcgowan May 2005

Measurement And Evaluation Of The Performance Of An Integral Abutment Bridge Deck, Kenneth Mcgowan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis is based upon the instrumentation of an integral abutment bridge, with a reinforced concrete deck on 3-span, continuous steel girders. The bridge is located in Evansville, West Virginia, at the intersection of WV Route 92 South and US Route 50 East. An instrumentation system was developed to measure the performance of the bridge, including a system of 30 crack meters installed in the deck to detect cracks, strain gages on the girders and embedded in the deck, whose readings can be utilized to determine the degree of composite action of the deck and girders, and sister bars to …

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Multi-Resolution Dental Image Registration Based On Genetic Algorithm, Mythili Ogirala May 2005

Multi-Resolution Dental Image Registration Based On Genetic Algorithm, Mythili Ogirala

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Automated Dental Identification System (ADIS) is a Post Mortem Dental Identification System. This thesis presents dental image registration, required for the preprocessing steps of the image comparison component of ADIS. We proposed a multi resolution dental image registration based on genetic algorithms. The main objective of this research is to develop techniques for registration of extracted subject regions of interest with corresponding reference regions of interest.;We investigated and implemented registration using two multi resolution techniques namely image sub sampling and wavelet decomposition. Multi resolution techniques help in the reduction of search data since initial registration is carried at lower …

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Anatomical Measurements Of Orthodontic And Edentulous Casts To Determine The Width Of The Maxillary Anterior Teeth, Byron A. Davis May 2005

Anatomical Measurements Of Orthodontic And Edentulous Casts To Determine The Width Of The Maxillary Anterior Teeth, Byron A. Davis

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Without dental records of patients' teeth prior to extractions, the selection of maxillary anterior teeth for the edentulous patient is mostly subjective. Several techniques using anatomic landmarks have been suggested for determining the size of maxillary anterior teeth. The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy of using 3 anatomical areas of the oral cavity the "right hamular notch-incisive papilla-left hamular notch (HN-IP-HN) measurement," to calculate the width from the distal of the canine to the distal of the opposite canine. 24 post-orthodontic dentulous patients and 19 edentulous patients were evaluated for maxillary anterior tooth size using the …

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Perceptions Of Mothers Labeled Adolescent Or Adult And Their Infants, Nichole L. Elliott May 2005

Perceptions Of Mothers Labeled Adolescent Or Adult And Their Infants, Nichole L. Elliott

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The aim was to examine how adolescent and/or unmarried mothers and their infants are perceived. Negative appraisals by others of adolescent and/or unmarried mothers and their infants may contribute to the difficulties they encounter. Psychology students viewed videotapes of adult mothers labeled as adolescent or adult and as unmarried or married interacting with their infants. Participants were asked to rate the infants, the mothers and their interactions. Results show that there were cases in which those labeled adolescent and unmarried were seen less positively than those labeled adult and married. There were also instances of counterintuitive findings of lower ratings …

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Levels Of Stress And Coping In Certified Athletic Training Graduate Assistants, Darya C. Feldman May 2005

Levels Of Stress And Coping In Certified Athletic Training Graduate Assistants, Darya C. Feldman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Objective. The purposes of the study were to identify the stress levels of certified athletic training graduate assistants their coping responses. Design. First design was a prospective descriptive study on stress levels and coping strategies between gender and graduate assistant status (1st or 2nd year). The second design was a 2 x 2 factorial design of graduate assistant status and gender. The dependent variables were academic, social, financial, overall stress levels and overall stress levels now compared to last year. Participants. 1,000 certified student members of the NATA were e-mailed to participate, 207 questionnaires were returned. Interventions. The questionnaire battery …

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Channel Development On Unreclaimed Surface Mines In The Beaver Creek Watershed, Tucker County, West Virginia, Wendy Dawn Igo May 2005

Channel Development On Unreclaimed Surface Mines In The Beaver Creek Watershed, Tucker County, West Virginia, Wendy Dawn Igo

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Surface mining has impacted channels in the Beaver Creek watershed of Tucker County, West Virginia. Three streams located in areas with similar geology, topography, climate, and mining disturbances were assessed to define similarities in channel development. Soil properties, vegetation coverage, bank stability, and geomorphology were quantified to determine dominant controls on stream form and process.;Streams were unstable and readjusting as evident by inconsistent width-depth ratios, bank instabilities, variable channel gradients, knickpoints, channel incisions, and erosive channels. Dominant controls on channel form were gradient alteration, bank failures, and vegetation coverage. Six classifications of channel types were established.;Without human intervention, instabilities in …

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Mass Communication Delivery Methods Used And Possessed By Extension Agents In West Virginia, Lisa Michelle Neehouse May 2005

Mass Communication Delivery Methods Used And Possessed By Extension Agents In West Virginia, Lisa Michelle Neehouse

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of the study was to identify which mass communication methods were being utilized for delivering information to current and potential clientele by West Virginia University Extension agents. Descriptive survey research provided information regarding the frequency of use, preference of delivery method, skill rating, source of training, desire for additional training, and availability of each mass communication delivery method by West Virginia Extension agents.;The findings of the study concluded that the majority of West Virginia University Extension agents had some access to each of the mass communication delivery methods. West Virginia University Extension agents most frequently used and most …

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Changing Religious Structures And Civil Society In Latin America: The Case Of Nicaragua, John G. Poffenbarger May 2005

Changing Religious Structures And Civil Society In Latin America: The Case Of Nicaragua, John G. Poffenbarger

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Two phenomena have been ongoing in Central America over the past 30 years. The first has been a change in the dominant religious structures in the region with the growth of Evangelical Protestantism and Pentecostalism, as well as ongoing changes within the Roman Catholic Church, such as the rise and fall of Progressive Catholicism. The other major phenomenon has been the establishment of democratic regimes across the isthmus. Putnam, Inglehart, Almond & Verba, among others, assert that for a democracy to flourish a vibrant civil society must be present. These scholars, along with Huntington, Weber, and Wald et al. believe …

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Planning And Design Guidelines For Accommodating Non-Motorized Transportation In Suburban Office Parks, Keith B. Bryant May 2005

Planning And Design Guidelines For Accommodating Non-Motorized Transportation In Suburban Office Parks, Keith B. Bryant

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Recently, there have been many publications that chronicle suburban sprawl and the associated health risks, pedestrian safety concerns, economic impacts, and transportation consequences. Sprawl can be defined as dispersed, automobile-dependent development typically found along roadways outside of urban downtown areas.;Because of the problems associated with sprawl, planning and design guidelines have been developed for certain major land uses that offer guidance on more sustainable development practices. Other guidelines address the accommodation of non-motorized transportation in land uses such as residential, commercial, and retail. However, one land use for which such guidelines have not been developed is the suburban office park. …

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Feminist And Masculine Values And Their Effects On Female Managerial Positions In Nonprofit And Corporate Public Relations, Sarah E. Thomas May 2005

Feminist And Masculine Values And Their Effects On Female Managerial Positions In Nonprofit And Corporate Public Relations, Sarah E. Thomas

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study examines the rise of executive women in public relations in both the nonprofit and corporate sectors. The focus of this study was on feminist and masculine values and their effects on female executives. A survey of 121 female executives from the corporate, nonprofit, and agency settings was conducted to analyze their views on feminist and masculine values in public relations and their effects on managerial positions. Results indicated that women who place greater value on masculine traits are more likely to obtain management positions in the corporate sector. Those who place greater value on feminist values do not …

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Analysis Of Red Spruce (Picea Rubens) Regeneration In Pocahontas, Randolph, And Tucker Counties, West Virginia, Adam W. Rollins May 2005

Analysis Of Red Spruce (Picea Rubens) Regeneration In Pocahontas, Randolph, And Tucker Counties, West Virginia, Adam W. Rollins

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Three red spruce communities in the Central Appalachians of West Virginia were accessed temporally over a period of 10 to 11 years and by forest zones (i.e. hardwood, ecotone, red spruce zones). These communities experienced an increasing density of red spruce over time across all forest zones. Red spruce was successfully establishing and expanding across the ecotone into the hardwood forest zone. The greatest increase of red spruce was seen in the more disturbed and earlier successional sites, whereas the less disturbed red spruce community experienced the least change. The red spruce populations in this study were thriving and increasing …

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Fingerprint Testing Protocols For Optical Sensors, Travis W. Rosiek May 2005

Fingerprint Testing Protocols For Optical Sensors, Travis W. Rosiek

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Currently there is a variety of conflicting and contradictory testing protocols for biometric technologies. There is currently no biometrics testing standard, which allows vendors to skew their test results in their favor. The research discussed in this thesis aims to address these issues by developing and validating testing protocols for optical fingerprint sensors. Angle of rotation, translation, lighting, and device placement have been identified in this work as variables potentially affecting system performance and protocols were developed to evaluate their effects on optical fingerprint sensor performance. Testing was done by capturing raw images under different scenarios, then offline analysis of …

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Regional Characterization Of A Carbon Sequestration Pilot Site With Implications For Enhanced Oil Recovery, William O. Carpenter Jr. May 2005

Regional Characterization Of A Carbon Sequestration Pilot Site With Implications For Enhanced Oil Recovery, William O. Carpenter Jr.

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In 2001, the Department of Energy National Energy Technology Lab initiated a carbon sequestration pilot study in the West Pearl Queen field, located in Lea County, New Mexico. Two thousand and ninety tons of CO 2 were injected into the Permian Shattuck Sandstone Member of the Queen Formation, approximately 4,500 ft beneath the surface to evaluate the effectiveness of the reservoir for long-term sequestration of CO2 and to evaluate the possibility that CO2 can enhance oil recovery from this depleted reservoir interval.;The main objective of this study was to provide detailed structure maps in the regional study area and to …

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Characteristics Of Farmers' Market Vendors In West Virginia, Stacy M. Miller May 2005

Characteristics Of Farmers' Market Vendors In West Virginia, Stacy M. Miller

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of farmers' market vendors in West Virginia, including products, season extension methods, promotional strategies, and sales levels, as well as to identify the obstacles and educational needs relevant to farmers' market vendors. While the majority of products produced by vendors were vegetables, it was found that products such as processed products and live plants were used to extend marketing seasons. Meat and dairy were the least represented categories. Fewer than half of the vendors reported use of any season extension techniques.;While a slight majority of vendors appeared satisfied with current length …

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Lamb And Wool Production In An Organic Farming System, Christopher Kiptanui Ruto May 2005

Lamb And Wool Production In An Organic Farming System, Christopher Kiptanui Ruto

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A study to evaluate lamb production under organic management was carried out in 2003 and 2004 at the West Virginia University Organic Research Farm. About 0.93 ha of tall fescue-orchard grass-red clover grassland was assigned to three blocks based on soil type, slope and previous treatment. Each block was divided into two main plots and assigned the following treatments: One was fertilized with compost while the other received no fertilizer. Two groups of sheep under organic management were rotationally grazed on the plots; one group on the plots with compost (high input) and the other on the plots with no …

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Entrepreneurial Initiatives At Public Liberal Arts And General Baccalaureate Colleges, Jack R. Kirby May 2005

Entrepreneurial Initiatives At Public Liberal Arts And General Baccalaureate Colleges, Jack R. Kirby

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Until recent years, the concept of entrepreneurship has been the subject of study and application primarily in the private sector business community. However, in the wake of decreasing traditional sources of funding, higher operating costs, increasing government intervention, and institutional initiatives, entrepreneurship has gained increasing attention in public higher education (Elford & Hemstreet, 1996; Keast, 1995; Kozeracki, 1998).;This study examined the current patterns of entrepreneurial activities in public liberal arts and general baccalaureate colleges as defined by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education (The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, 2000). A survey instrument was prepared to …

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Psychology In Character, Neil M. Austin May 2005

Psychology In Character, Neil M. Austin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Does Psychology help create character? How does Psychology build an interesting person on the stage or screen? Psychology helps us understand why we act the way we do? Psychology is a great tool for actors to bridge the history of the character to his or her present actions. Through my performance of Vassily from Kolonists, Nick from The Time of Your Life and my work with Psychiatrist Dr. Don Fidler, I will explain what my actor process is and how psychology has helped me in creating these characters.

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Detecting Malingered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Using The Morel Emotional Numbing Test-Revised (Ment-R) And The Miller Forensic Assessment Of Symptoms Test (M-Fast), Julia M. Strunk Jan 2005

Detecting Malingered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Using The Morel Emotional Numbing Test-Revised (Ment-R) And The Miller Forensic Assessment Of Symptoms Test (M-Fast), Julia M. Strunk

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

From feigning psychosis to avoid prosecution to claiming an anxiety disorder to receive disability insurance, people from all socioeconomic and educational backgrounds have been suspected of or found to be malingering (Rogers, 1997). The present study investigated the utility of two assessment measures in detecting malingered PTSD: the Morel Emotional Numbing Test-Revised (MENT-R) and Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST). The Detailed Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress (DAPS) was used as the criterion variable for the following groups: clinical PTSD, subclinical PTSD, honest responders, and coached malingerers. Total scores on the MENT-R distinguished among the four groups of participants. The …

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Survey Of Athletic Training Clinical Education: Perceptions From The Field, Alan Nasypany Jr. Jan 2005

Survey Of Athletic Training Clinical Education: Perceptions From The Field, Alan Nasypany Jr.

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to identify: (1) Who are ACIs; (2) What are the perceptions of the clinical education process since the implementation of the 2001 Proficiencies, Standards, and Guidelines; (3) What factors are most and least facilitating to the clinical education process; and (4) What factors should be first addressed to improve the clinical education process. Online surveys were sent to 298 Program Directors and they were asked to distribute them to ACIs in their programs. Two weeks later, the survey was posted on the Athletic Training Education Listserve. Two hundred and twelve surveys were returned. The …

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Predicting Treatment Completion: A Study Of The Federal Bureau Of Prisons' Residential Drug Abuse Program, Y. Tami Yanez Jan 2005

Predicting Treatment Completion: A Study Of The Federal Bureau Of Prisons' Residential Drug Abuse Program, Y. Tami Yanez

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Substance abuse and criminal behavior are two commonly associated social concerns. It is not surprising that substance abuse treatment also has demonstrated a reduction not only substance abuse, as well as criminal behavior. The Federal Bureau of Prisons' Residential Drug Abuse Program (RDAP) has demonstrated wide-reaching benefits. Understanding the 33% non-completion rate of RDAP, then, is an important component of the treatment process. This study, therefore, sought to identify factors present prior to RDAP participation that may predict program completion, which may also guide efforts to reduce relapse and recidivism rates. RDAP completers were slightly more likely to have fewer …

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Investigating Treatment Windows For Effective And Environmentally Sound Herbicide Applications For Controlling Tree-Of-Heaven, William E. Eck Jan 2005

Investigating Treatment Windows For Effective And Environmentally Sound Herbicide Applications For Controlling Tree-Of-Heaven, William E. Eck

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This paper discusses three research studies, each investigating a different treatment window for controlling tree-of-heaven using effective and environmentally sound herbicide applications. In the first study, efficacy of the herbicides triclopyr and imazapyr was tested using injection and basal bark treatment methods. In the second study, efficacy of triclopyr with different levels of imazapyr was tested using the basal bark treatment method. In the third study, weekly timing of chemical controls was investigated. Our study yielded a recommendation to treat tree-of-heaven with a low volume basal spray of Garlon 4 in a non-aromatic penetrating oil when growth is maximized in …

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Pharmaceutical Performance Testing Of Commercially Available Calcium Supplements, Jianqing Liu Jan 2005

Pharmaceutical Performance Testing Of Commercially Available Calcium Supplements, Jianqing Liu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In our research, the quality of a number of calcium supplements was evaluated by their physical properties, disintegration and dissolution profiles. Physical tests and disintegration did show a pH sensitivity. Disintegration confirmed the good uniformity of the products. In the USP required dissolution test, most of the products did not achieve acceptable drug release in the specified time period. While formulation factors and the salt form of calcium supplements can to some extent affect their dissolution pattern, it was ultimately considered that the failure may be related to the poor solubility of the calcium salts.;Based on the results and the …

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