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Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

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Exploring Differences In Level Of Involvement, Educational Outcomes, And Satisfaction Of Resident Students And Commuter Students At A Rural Community College, Richard Wayne Layman Aug 2005

Exploring Differences In Level Of Involvement, Educational Outcomes, And Satisfaction Of Resident Students And Commuter Students At A Rural Community College, Richard Wayne Layman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Because the vast majority of community colleges were founded to serve commuter students who live within a local and regional area, student residential housing at two-year institutions has been seen as unnecessary. However, an increasing number of community colleges are opening student resident housing. In contrast to all the research available about the impact at four-year institutions of residence (resident students and commuter students), the literature review revealed there has been little research on resident students and commuter students on community college campuses (Murrell, 1998).;This study can be characterized as a preliminary investigation into whether resident students' and commuter students' …

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Factors That Influence 4-H Club Membership Retention In West Virginia, David C. Hartley Aug 2005

Factors That Influence 4-H Club Membership Retention In West Virginia, David C. Hartley

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of the study was to determine retention rates among youth enrolled in West Virginia's 4-H youth programs and to identify characteristics or trends associated with 4-H club member retention. The population of the study consisted of youth enrolled in 4-H clubs during the years 2002, 2003, and 2004. Membership records were self-reported by West Virginia County Extension Offices. This study used an ex post facto research design and the variables explored closely were: county, age, gender, grade in school, years in 4-H, and projects attempted. Findings for this study were that 30% of members were retained for the …

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Bringing Down The Mountains: The Impact Of Mountaintop Removal Surface Coal Mining On Southern West Virginia Communities, 1970--2004, Shirley L. Stewart Burns Aug 2005

Bringing Down The Mountains: The Impact Of Mountaintop Removal Surface Coal Mining On Southern West Virginia Communities, 1970--2004, Shirley L. Stewart Burns

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

While surface mining began in West Virginia during WWI, the practice did not expand until WWII. Used to fuel the war effort, surface mining would become the industry-preferred means of mining coal and gained a permanent place in West Virginia's coal mining industry. Mountaintop removal surface coal mining began on Fayette County, West Virginia's, Bullpush Mountain in 1970. An extreme version of strip mining, during mountaintop removal the tops of mountains are removed via blasting in order to reveal the coal seams below. The last thirty-four years has seen an escalation in this mining method from forty-four permits covering 9,800 …

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Essays On Excise Taxation: Cross -Border Effects, Quality Substitution, And Tax Earmarking, Todd M. Nesbit Aug 2005

Essays On Excise Taxation: Cross -Border Effects, Quality Substitution, And Tax Earmarking, Todd M. Nesbit

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation is a collection of essays examining the secondary effects of excise taxation. The first chapter discusses the history of the excise tax in the United States and provides an introduction to some of the major areas of research examining the excise tax. In addition, this chapter outlines the research agenda for the dissertation. Chapter 2 considers the effects of cross-border sales and tourism on state tax revenues from wine and liquor taxation in the state of West Virginia. The empirical results of this chapter suggest that the revenue impact of cross-border shopping and tourism is economically significant relative …

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Communication Patterns Following The Acquisition Of A Sexually Transmitted Infection, Courtney Vail Fletcher Aug 2005

Communication Patterns Following The Acquisition Of A Sexually Transmitted Infection, Courtney Vail Fletcher

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study examines the relationship between personality traits and communication patterns following the contraction of a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Participants were 148 college students (46 men, 104 women) attending a large Mid-Atlantic University. Seventy-four of the participants reported having had an STI. Participants completed the Communication Competence Scale (Wiemann, 1977), the Interpersonal Trust Scale (ITS: Rotter, 1967), the Revised Self-Disclosure Scale (Wheeless & Grotz, 1976), the conscientious factor of the NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992), the Health Locus of Control Scale (Wallston, Wallston, Kaplan, & Maides, 1976), and the interpersonal anxiety factor of the Personal Report of …

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An Exploration Of Interdisciplinary Collaboration When Serving Students With Moderate And Severe Disabilities At The Middle And High School Levels: A Current Snapshot Of Perceived Barriers And Opportunities, Sara A. Brannan Aug 2005

An Exploration Of Interdisciplinary Collaboration When Serving Students With Moderate And Severe Disabilities At The Middle And High School Levels: A Current Snapshot Of Perceived Barriers And Opportunities, Sara A. Brannan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study investigated current perceptions of the barriers and the opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration among Special Educators and Related Health Service Personnel at the middle and high school levels when serving students with moderate and severe disabilities. In order to serve individuals with moderate and severe disabilities in accordance with federal legislation and current best practice, it is important that education and related health services professionals work together collaboratively.;The design of this study combined a simple quantitative survey measure with exploratory, qualitative inquiry using a series of open-ended focus group interviews. Sampling for this research study was purposeful homogeneous sampling …

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Development Of Improved T Cell Receptor Beta Variable Gene Identification Technology And Its Application Post Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Jamie Leigh Brewer Aug 2005

Development Of Improved T Cell Receptor Beta Variable Gene Identification Technology And Its Application Post Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Jamie Leigh Brewer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Much has yet to be understood about the role of specific families of T lymphocytes in the post human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplant environment. Prior work in the field has identified T cells based upon the expression of their T cell receptor beta variable regions (TCRBV). In this investigation we developed a comprehensive panel of oligonucleotides that can be used to determine the expression of all 91 alleles of the human TCRBV regions using real time PCR technology. Application of this technology to peripheral blood samples collected weekly from allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplant patients yielded the following …

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Counseling And Clinical Psychology Doctoral Students' Perceptions Of Their Faculty's Ethical Behavior, Philip W. Cromer Aug 2005

Counseling And Clinical Psychology Doctoral Students' Perceptions Of Their Faculty's Ethical Behavior, Philip W. Cromer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of psychology doctoral students with regard to their faculty's ethical behavior. A review of the literature suggested that research on the perception of ethical behavior in academia has been narrowly focused on undergraduate students. Furthermore, many of the studies did not convey a comprehensive picture of the students' perceptions of their faculty's ethical behavior. A survey instrument was adapted from a survey used in a study of students' view of their undergraduate professors' actions (Keith-Spiegel, Tabachnick, & Allen, 1993). A randomized sample of 50 accredited counseling psychology doctoral programs and …

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Personality Factors And Other Predictors Of Academic Success In Medical Students, T. Anne Hawkins Aug 2005

Personality Factors And Other Predictors Of Academic Success In Medical Students, T. Anne Hawkins

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study examines the relationship between objectively derived personality characteristics of West Virginia University medical students and their rate of retention and attrition in medical school. Personality trait characteristics are assessed using the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF, 5 th edition). Relationships between student reported race, gender, age, undergraduate cumulative grade point average, undergraduate cumulative science grade point average, Medical School Admission Test scores, and retention and attrition rates were also examined. Graduation status and academic quartile ranking were used to measure outcome. Chi-Square and ANOVA procedures were used to test the research hypotheses.

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Correlation Between Critical Thinking Skills And Decision Making Skills In Athletic Training And The Examination Of Critical Thinking Differences Across The Curriculum, Wanda S. Swiger Aug 2005

Correlation Between Critical Thinking Skills And Decision Making Skills In Athletic Training And The Examination Of Critical Thinking Differences Across The Curriculum, Wanda S. Swiger

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Athletic trainers evaluate an athlete's injury, make decisions regarding injury management, provide first aid and treatment, establish rehabilitation protocols, and evaluate the outcomes of their decisions. To practice effectively, they must think critically and make appropriate decisions. As educators make curriculum changes to improve decision making in athletic training, instructional methods to develop critical thinking continues to be proposed as a method to achieve this goal. This idea is based on the hypothesis that there is a DM-CT link, that athletic training students think critically, and that these instructional methods affect critical thinking. Additionally, issues continue to increase regarding the …

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Influence Of A Thermal Denuder On Diesel Exhaust Particle Size Distributions, Bobby John Aug 2005

Influence Of A Thermal Denuder On Diesel Exhaust Particle Size Distributions, Bobby John

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Particle size distributions in diesel exhaust were studied using a thermal desorption technique to determine the volatile and non-volatile fractions. A thermal denuder was designed and characterized for optimal operating parameters and its influence on the exhaust chemistries studied using diesel engine exhaust. The study was conducted on a 1992 DDC Series 60 engine mounted on a heavy-duty direct current dynamometer and exercised over steady state and transient cycles. The particle size distributions were recorded upstream and downstream of the denuder maintained at different temperatures to determine the behavior of the volatile fraction. The volatilization technique was also applied to …

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Does Peripheral Concentration Of Progesterone Affect Ovulation And Lambing Rates In Barbados Blackbelly Ewes?, Ezra Devonish Aug 2005

Does Peripheral Concentration Of Progesterone Affect Ovulation And Lambing Rates In Barbados Blackbelly Ewes?, Ezra Devonish

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The hypothesis that concentration of progesterone influences number of follicles that mature during estrus, and thus ovulation rate, was tested in cycling ewes. Ewes were assigned at random to three treatments, and bred at estrus after treatment. Ewes in low (LP) and high (HP) groups received exogenous progesterone from day 4 to 14; control ewes (MP) were untreated. The LP ewes were given PGF2alpha on day 6 to regress corpora lutea (CL). Numbers of follicles and CL were observed by transrectal ultrasonography. Fewer follicles disappeared at estrus in ewes on HP than in MP or LP. Ewes on LP had …

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Dental Values As A Factor Affecting Attendance Among Patients With High Dental Fear, Suzanne M. Lawrence Aug 2005

Dental Values As A Factor Affecting Attendance Among Patients With High Dental Fear, Suzanne M. Lawrence

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to assess the degree to which oral health values affect attendance patterns in a group of West Virginia patients with high dental fear. Participants were selected from 585 patients who presented to an oral diagnosis clinic at the West Virginia University School of Dentistry for either emergency services or to be screened for regular patient status. Participants completed a battery of self-report instruments. Those who were identified as having high dental fear (i.e., were in the top 50% of a same-sex distribution on the Dental Fear Survey) were contacted by telephone approximately one year …

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Prediction Of Forage Intake And Production Of Steers In A Winter Forage System, Taryn Romanczak Aug 2005

Prediction Of Forage Intake And Production Of Steers In A Winter Forage System, Taryn Romanczak

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Currently there are no means to accurately predict intake in grazing animals. Two experiments were conducted to determine and validate the use of intake markers in grazing ruminants as well as to compare performance of steers in winter forage systems. Six Angus-Hereford steers were halter and fecal harness broke. Entities commonly found in forages and used as markers were evaluated. Experiment 1 was conducted during the summer 2004, at the West Virginia University Livestock Farm, using animals in a confined area. Steers were fed timothy or orchardgrass hay chopped to fine or coarse lengths. Experiment 2 was conducted at the …

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Staten Island Ferry Emissions Reduction, John Nuszkowski Aug 2005

Staten Island Ferry Emissions Reduction, John Nuszkowski

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Marine diesel engines are being investigated thoroughly since many engines in these vessels incorporate older technology that may not have been subjected to emissions regulations and hence produce a significant amount of pollution. The Staten Island Ferry Alice Austen was fitted with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology to reduce the emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) to offset the dredging equipment emissions from the Harbor Deepening project. Data logging showed a repeatable route of vessel operation including an idle, acceleration, cruise, and maneuvering mode combined with vessel direction. The SCR system provided 34-64% NOx reduction for a round trip with …

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Response Of Clonal Genotypes Of Juncus Effusus L. To Different Environmental Regimes, Daniel Benjamin Stover Aug 2005

Response Of Clonal Genotypes Of Juncus Effusus L. To Different Environmental Regimes, Daniel Benjamin Stover

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A genetic tradeoff is hypothesized between resource use efficiency (RUE) and resource acquisition rate (RAR) in that it is impossible for selection to maximize both traits. In low-resource environments, RUE is expected to be favored while in high-resource environments RAR will be maximized. Growth rates and allocations of reciprocally transplanted clonal genotypes of J. effusus from differing nitrogen and elevation sites were examined. High-nitrogen populations outperformed their low-nitrogen counterparts, which were more nitrogen efficient. Plants originating from high-elevation sites grew larger irrespective of transplant environment. Elevation appears to be the dominant factor on biomass, nutrient allocation and growth at high …

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The Biological Control Potential Of Cryphonectria Parasitica Strains Containing An Infectious Cdna Copy Of Hypovirus Chv1-Euro7, William R. Rittenour Aug 2005

The Biological Control Potential Of Cryphonectria Parasitica Strains Containing An Infectious Cdna Copy Of Hypovirus Chv1-Euro7, William R. Rittenour

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Transmissible hypovirulence has not become established in most areas of North America as it has in Europe where it has been associated with increased biological control of chestnut blight. Transgenic strains of Cryphonectria parasitica provide several mechanisms that may improve biological control. This study was designed to evaluate whether transgenic C. parasitica strains containing a cDNA transgene encoding the viral genome of CHV1-Euro7 show greater potential to biologically control blight than their cytoplasmically infected counterparts. Three treatments were employed that compared: transgenic hypovirulent strains (TG), cytoplasmic hypovirulent strains (CH), and virulent strains (V). Two types of cankers were initiated in …

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The Effectiveness Of Valdecoxib On Post-Endodontic Pain, Lora Beth Ford Aug 2005

The Effectiveness Of Valdecoxib On Post-Endodontic Pain, Lora Beth Ford

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Pain is often associated with teeth that need endodontic therapy. This pain results from inflammation. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs are useful in managing acute post-operative dental pain. NSAIDS specific for only blocking the COX-2 enzyme cause less stomach irritation and bleeding. The purpose of this clinical study was to determine if pre-operative administration of valdecoxib would significantly reduce post-endodontic pain, when compared to ibuprofen. Sixteen patients were evaluated. The patients consented to a random, one-time, pre-operative oral administration of either 600 mg ibuprofen or 20 mg valdecoxib. Each patient rated their pain on a visual analog scale at initial, immediately after, …

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State Policy Innovation And Transfer: The Role Of Bureaucratic Professional Communication Networks, Rebecca Tatman Klase Aug 2005

State Policy Innovation And Transfer: The Role Of Bureaucratic Professional Communication Networks, Rebecca Tatman Klase

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The central question of this research is, "what is the role of state administrative agencies in the innovation and transfer of public policy?" One of the theoretical perspectives of the study of public policy examines the "borrowing" of one nation or U.S. state's policy by another followed by adaptation to the new jurisdiction. The past focus of most of this research has been on legislative policy adoptions. This study draws upon a different perspective, bureaucratic adoptions of public policy.;A two-fold approach is employed, using both quantitative and qualitative research techniques. Information was gathered on both state agencies and their lead …

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Fmri Studies Of Amblyopia: Pediatric And Adult Perspectives, Ian Patrick Conner Aug 2005

Fmri Studies Of Amblyopia: Pediatric And Adult Perspectives, Ian Patrick Conner

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is currently the technique of choice for mapping functional neuroanatomy in humans, and over the past 15 years there has been a dramatic growth in the number of studies that provide brain-behavior correlations in normal healthy adults. More recently, a few studies have begun to make such measures in healthy children. In addition, fMRI is increasingly being applied to study brain function in subjects with neurological disease. The overall aim of these studies was to apply fMRI methods to the study of amblyopia, the most prevalent developmental vision disorder. Amblyopia develops early in life, usually …

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Views Of Health Care Providers On Low-Income Populations In West Virginia With Sexually Transmitted Disease, Genevieve R. Cox Aug 2005

Views Of Health Care Providers On Low-Income Populations In West Virginia With Sexually Transmitted Disease, Genevieve R. Cox

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis focuses on health care providers who consistently diagnose sexually transmitted disease (STDs) in low-income populations. Eighteen providers ranging from registered nurses to physicians were interviewed about their experiences dealing with low-income patients, mainly women, who were diagnosed with incurable and curable STDs for the first time. This qualitative analysis which utilized grounded theory methods reveals several interesting findings. First, that providers who consistently work with low-income populations have a high level of empathy. They believe patients undergo a negative change in self-image second to an incurable STD diagnosis. Providers have concerns about a number of issues related to …

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Developing And Testing A "Responsibility" Questionnaire For 8th Graders, Melissa S. Ward Aug 2005

Developing And Testing A "Responsibility" Questionnaire For 8th Graders, Melissa S. Ward

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to develop and test a questionnaire that could assess students' attitudes and behaviors as they related to the trait "responsibility." Content validity was obtained using the delphi process. Reliability was estimated using a test of internal consistency. The questionnaire was completed by a small group of eighth graders. The test items were based on the definition of responsibility provided by the Character Counts organization. The questionnaire included twenty Likert-type items with eleven measuring perceptions of behavior and nine measuring perceptions of attitude.;Internal consistency tests showed Cronbach's Alpha to be .834 for the entire questionnaire, …

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Prediction Of Coalbed Methane Reservoir Performance With Type Curves, Amol Bhaskar Bhavsar Aug 2005

Prediction Of Coalbed Methane Reservoir Performance With Type Curves, Amol Bhaskar Bhavsar

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study presents a set of production type curves for CBM reservoirs that would help the producers to predict the production from their CBM wells. As a consequence, the producers would be able to make better, more informed decisions regarding the CBM resources in the region. A reservoir model that incorporates the unique flow and storage characteristics of CBM reservoirs was employed in this study to develop the type curves. The type curves provide a reliable tool to predict the production performance of CBM reservoirs during dewatering phase. The application and issues concerning the production performance of CBM reservoirs are …

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Recycling Baler Material Properties For Safer Baler Operation, Tracy A. Mick Aug 2005

Recycling Baler Material Properties For Safer Baler Operation, Tracy A. Mick

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Between 1986 and 2002, there were 43 fatalities in the United States to operators of recycling industry balers. Of these fatalities, 29 involved horizontal balers that were baling paper and cardboard (Taylor, 2002). Balers often become jammed while the baling process is occurring, and the only way to remove the jam is manually. This requires an employee to place a limb of their body into the jamming area and remove the material that is causing the jam. While lockout and tagout procedures reduce the risk of hazardous energy being released, they can still be easily bypassed, ignored, or forgotten. Recent …

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Water Quality Disturbances In An Aquaculture That Utilizes Treated Mine Water, Mark Wayne Smith Aug 2005

Water Quality Disturbances In An Aquaculture That Utilizes Treated Mine Water, Mark Wayne Smith

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The objectives of this study were to compare the performance of two feed treatments on a population of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, reared in a linear raceway system, which utilized mine water from a mine water treatment facility (MWTF); to measure and compare waste outputs; to monitor the water quality of the system; and to identify the impacts, if any, of the water quality on the fish population. Toward the end of the study, a spike in the turbidity of the water source led to additional objectives. First, the water quality was characterized during the events to determine the extent …

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The Effect Of Low And High Fertility Treatments On Soil Quality, Yields, Pest Incidence And Labor Requirements Of A Post-Transitional Organic Market Garden System, Todd Bradley Childers Aug 2005

The Effect Of Low And High Fertility Treatments On Soil Quality, Yields, Pest Incidence And Labor Requirements Of A Post-Transitional Organic Market Garden System, Todd Bradley Childers

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In a two-year study, eight vegetable crops were grown as part of a certified organic four-year crop rotation. High input plots received off-farm composted cow manure and cover crops, and low input plots were managed with the use of cover crops only. High input plots produced higher yields than low input plots in all crops, except peas, which yielded higher in low input plots. Soil organic matter levels were significantly higher in the high input than the low input plots and increased from 2003 to 2004 in both treatments. Available soil phosphorus levels in the high input plots were excessive, …

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The Effects Of Contextual Factors On Dyadic Everyday Problem Solving In Adulthood, Tara L. Neely Aug 2005

The Effects Of Contextual Factors On Dyadic Everyday Problem Solving In Adulthood, Tara L. Neely

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The present study examined individual and dyadic everyday problem solving in 45 younger, middle-aged, and older adult married couples. The goal of the study was to investigate the effects of age, gender, collaboration, marital characteristics, and basic cognition on everyday problem-solving. Two research questions were addressed. First, were there group differences across three phases of problem solving? Second, what was the frequency of individual change, and which factors predicted improvement, stability, or decline? When addressing the first question, there was a significant four-way interaction, F (4, 78) = 2.83, p < .05, eta = .12, between participant age, gender, problem-solving condition, and problem-solving phase, emphasizing the multidimensionality of everyday cognition. When addressing the second question, a larger percentage of individuals who collaborated reliably improved compared to individuals who worked alone. Furthermore, basic cognitive abilities, education, and marital factors significantly accounted for individual reliable change in everyday problem solving.

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The Use Of Native Plants For Revegetation Along West Virginia Highways, Christina Venable Aug 2005

The Use Of Native Plants For Revegetation Along West Virginia Highways, Christina Venable

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The West Virginia Division of Highways is required to develop seeding mixtures comprised of native plants for revegetating highway corridors and thereby reducing the potential for introduction of non-native species along roads. The objectives of this project were to compare establishment and growth of plants in five different seed mixtures and two fertilizer treatments, to develop surface treatments to enhance the establishment of native plants along highways, and correlate native species establishment to soil physical and chemical properties. Fertilizer was not found to increase the cover of the seeded natives, but did increase total cover. The seeded natives were not …

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Risk And Resilience In Youth: An Examination Of Moderating Factors, Beverly L. Fortson Aug 2005

Risk And Resilience In Youth: An Examination Of Moderating Factors, Beverly L. Fortson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Child maltreatment (i.e., emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect) poses a significant risk for psychological difficulties to millions of children annually. Some children develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or other anxiety disorders (e.g., generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder), depressive disorders (e.g., major depressive disorder), and substance abuse/dependence as a result of maltreatment. Fortunately, many other children, who have been termed "resilient," escape such incidents relatively unscathed. This study explored the unique associations between child maltreatment and several outcome variables (e.g., substance use, sexualized behavior, depression, generalized anxiety, and social anxiety) as well as …

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Critical Issues For Predicting Worker Exposure To Gaseous Contaminants In A Wind Tunnel, Jun Li Aug 2005

Critical Issues For Predicting Worker Exposure To Gaseous Contaminants In A Wind Tunnel, Jun Li

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In this study, three dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are used to investigate the distribution and level of contaminant concentrations in the breathing zone of a worker when airborne contaminants are released within an arm's-length in front of the worker who has his back to the airflow. The main goals were to numerically evaluate the effect of different factors on the worker exposure and to recommend a turbulence model preferable for this type of simulation. These factors include the body shape, the heat flux from the body, the ventilation intensity, the free stream turbulence, and the unsteadiness. The comparison …

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