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Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

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Searching For Evidence Of Transfer Between Drug Facilitators., Mark Aaron Miller Jan 1998

Searching For Evidence Of Transfer Between Drug Facilitators., Mark Aaron Miller

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Four experiments were conducted to test whether transfer of stimulus control could be obtained between two drug facilitators, a drug and non-drug facilitator, and two non-drug facilitators. In the first experiment, the presence of methadone signaled which of two key lights would be followed by grain. In the absence of methadone, the contingencies were reversed. Concurrently, the presence of phencyclidine (PCP) signaled which of two additional key lights would be followed by grain. In the absence PCP, the contingencies were also reversed. During transfer tests in which each conditioned stimulus (CS) was presented following administration of each drug facilitator, only …

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Perceptions Of Puerto Rican Undergraduates Of Reasons For Their Academic Success., Maria Teresa Baxter Jan 1998

Perceptions Of Puerto Rican Undergraduates Of Reasons For Their Academic Success., Maria Teresa Baxter

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to learn what might have contributed to the academic success of Puerto Rican undergraduates. The investigation centered around the perceptions of the participants about the role and significance of socio-economic status, compatibility of the home and school environments, bilingualism, encouragement, and motivation. A qualitative design was used. Ten participants of Puerto Rican origin, undergraduate students at a major university in the northeast were interviewed at their university. The data was recorded on audio cassette tapes. The answers to the questionnaire suggested that the participants had families who valued education regardless of their socio-economic status. …

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Evaluation Of The Effect Of Temporal Variations In Flow Patterns On Capacity Design For Underground Coal Mine Belt Systems., Xueming Wang Jan 1998

Evaluation Of The Effect Of Temporal Variations In Flow Patterns On Capacity Design For Underground Coal Mine Belt Systems., Xueming Wang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Belt conveyor haulage systems are critical to keep an underground-coal mine running profitably. It is not easy to design a reliable and efficient system. The issues associated with designing the capacity for a belt conveyor and a bunker are addressed in this dissertation. Several design models have been discussed, and discrete-event simulation models are recommended as the most flexible and useful tools. Most of the simulation models require the use of a step-function model to describe the loading process at each loading point. Over the years, simulation practitioners have generally employed one of the three conventional models, the peak loading …

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The Relationship Between Gender, Faculty Development, And Class Size And Sense Of Efficacy Of College Mathematics Teachers., Beth Cipoletti Jan 1998

The Relationship Between Gender, Faculty Development, And Class Size And Sense Of Efficacy Of College Mathematics Teachers., Beth Cipoletti

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between gender of the teacher, faculty development, and class size of college mathematics teachers. The population for this study were 272 randomly selected institutions nationwide granting degrees in mathematics. A survey packet with a cover letter, a copy of the Teacher Efficacy Scale (Gibson & Dembo, 1984), and a questionnaire was mailed to the mathematics departments at each of the selected institutions. The recipient of the mailing was asked to either complete the enclosed instruments or forward the packet to a fellow full-time mathematics teacher. The return rate was 46%. …

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The Relations Among Daily Minor Stressors, Solicitous Spousal Responding, And Illness Behavior In Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus., James Curtis Findley Jan 1998

The Relations Among Daily Minor Stressors, Solicitous Spousal Responding, And Illness Behavior In Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus., James Curtis Findley

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Although persons with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) report more physical symptoms than do relatively healthy persons, the relation between blood glucose (BG) and symptom reporting in persons with DM has been shown to be idiosyncratic. Even in subjects that demonstrate and significant BG/symptom relation, the effect is not stable over time (i.e., greater than eight months). Daily minor stressors and solicitous spousal responding have been shown to be related to symptom reporting in other chronic illness populations and might account for variance in symptom reporting by persons with DM. Thirty-three participants with Type II DM monitored BG, physical activity, and stress …

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Investigative Interviewing With Children: Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of A Training Program For Child Protective Service Workers., Kurt Andrew Freeman Jan 1998

Investigative Interviewing With Children: Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of A Training Program For Child Protective Service Workers., Kurt Andrew Freeman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Conducting investigative interviews with children who were allegedly sexually abused is perhaps one of the most challenging aspects of child protective service (CPS) workers' jobs. Previous research suggests that training workshops on investigative interviewing conducted with front-line workers, such as police officers and CPS workers, may result in improved knowledge about appropriate strategies to use. However, limited research has addressed whether such trainings result in improvements in actual interviewing skills. The present investigation assessed the impact of a six-hour training workshop on CPS workers' knowledge about and performance during investigative interviews. Results suggest that the training impacted participants' knowledge on …

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The Relation Between Cardiovascular Reactivity To Stress And Family History Of Hypertension: Examination Of Overt And Covert Responses To Stressors., Nicole Lynn Frazer Jan 1998

The Relation Between Cardiovascular Reactivity To Stress And Family History Of Hypertension: Examination Of Overt And Covert Responses To Stressors., Nicole Lynn Frazer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Research has suggested that cardiovascular reactivity to stress may be a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disorders (Manuck, 1994). Offspring of hypertensives have been hypothesized to be at greater risk for developing cardiovascular disorders through these exaggerated cardiovascular responses to stress, and therefore have been the focus of much research. Little empirical attention has been paid to the relation between other overt (e.g., verbal behavior) or covert (e.g., self-reported anger) responses exhibited during the laboratory session and family history status or cardiovascular reactivity to stress. The purpose of this investigation was to examine differences in overt and covert …

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States And War Coalitions: A Case Study Of The Gulf War., George Sprowls Jan 1998

States And War Coalitions: A Case Study Of The Gulf War., George Sprowls

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation discusses the theoretical and empirical differences between war coalitions and alliances. It also provides some answers to the question: "Why do some nations choose to join war coalitions while other nations, in apparently similar circumstances, choose not to join?" At the systemic level of analysis, dependence on economic aid, membership in a formal alliance with a key participant, and proximity to the conflict are correlated with the level of participation in a war coalition. At the state level, the degree of democratization, levels of regime fragmentation and vulnerability, and the presence of statutory prohibitions against using military force …

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Development Of A Tolerance Design Model In Manufacturing Assembly And Design Of Cost-Based Cusum Control Charts Using Taguchi Quality Loss Function., Jung-Dae Kim Jan 1998

Development Of A Tolerance Design Model In Manufacturing Assembly And Design Of Cost-Based Cusum Control Charts Using Taguchi Quality Loss Function., Jung-Dae Kim

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The quadratic loss function has been used in the statistical and control theory literature. Taguchi applied quadratic loss function to quality improvement. His quality loss function has been known to be effective in assessing quality loss in monetary terms, while most of the traditional quality control techniques, such as tolerance design and control chart design, use estimated cost factors. Taguchi's quality loss function concept is different from traditional methods in which all the values within the specification limits are equally acceptable. However, his idea is that for many products, parts elements and components, a target or nominal size or value …

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Take Center Stage: The Perceived Effect Of Performance-Based Teaching Methodology On Students' Understanding Of Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream"., Francene Davis Kirk Jan 1998

Take Center Stage: The Perceived Effect Of Performance-Based Teaching Methodology On Students' Understanding Of Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream"., Francene Davis Kirk

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This descriptive study was undertaken to determine if the use of performance fostered understanding of A Midsummer Night's Dream, engagement with Shakespeare's text, independence from the teacher, and a positive attitude toward the study of Shakespeare's plays among 39 ninth grade students. In a typical 90 minute period, students read scenes and participated in performance activities followed by discussion or written assignments for 15 days. The students were divided into acting companies to perform a final scene. Acting company meetings and performance activities were recorded. Students completed questionnaires concerning their attitudes toward the study of Shakespeare's plays. Students were interviewed …

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The Effects Of Knowledge Of Results Compared To Knowledge Of Results With Goal Setting Intervention On Selected Tennis Skills., Oliver Trittenwein Jan 1998

The Effects Of Knowledge Of Results Compared To Knowledge Of Results With Goal Setting Intervention On Selected Tennis Skills., Oliver Trittenwein

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of knowledge of results (KR) compared to KR-with-goal-setting on selected tennis skills with three female collegiate tennis players over the course of a competitive season. A goal-setting program was designed using the goal attainment scaling procedure (Smith, 1988), where participants generated numerical targets for their chosen components. A multiple-baseline, single-subject design across behaviors replicated across participants was employed. Data were examined by way of change in mean, level, and trend between baseline and first intervention (KR), baseline and second intervention (KR-with-goal-setting), and first and second intervention. All three participants provided …

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The Value Orientations And Perceptions Of Caring Of Ethiopian Nuers., Connie Ann Hall Jan 1998

The Value Orientations And Perceptions Of Caring Of Ethiopian Nuers., Connie Ann Hall

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to systematically describe and analyze differences in value orientations and perceptions of caring of the Ethiopian Nuer. The study addressed the meaning of caring and its most important elements to the Nuer. The study also endeavored to identify relationships between value orientations and perceptions of caring and the demographic characteristics of the sample. The demographic characteristics that were considered included: sex, generation, literacy, place of residence, and religion. The convenience sample for this study was comprised of 54 subjects. They were interviewed in order to complete a demographic questionnaire, the Caring Questionnaire, and the …

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Family History Study Units In Secondary School: Their Educational Impact., William Foster Hayes Jan 1998

Family History Study Units In Secondary School: Their Educational Impact., William Foster Hayes

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This research purports to answer the question "What results may be derived from a classroom study of family history?" From a review of literature by four score teachers, administrators, and curriculum theorists, Hayes has elicited claims of 65 specific results in eight different categories. The quoted authors perceived that the classroom study of genealogy and family history: (1) Affects in positive ways how students feel about non-family history; (2) Promotes the learning of several disciplines related to history; (3) Reveals the interconnectedness of human society, and encourages multiracial and multicultural understanding; (4) Improves scholastic skills; (5) Builds students' sense of …

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Foundations Of Object-Based Specification Design, David March Fleming Dec 1997

Foundations Of Object-Based Specification Design, David March Fleming

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

To enhance applicability and encourage its use, a component or a component-based system must have a well-designed set of interface features as well as a proper explanation of these features. The dual problem of designing a suitable set of interface features in addition to properly explaining its behavior is termed the specification design problem. This dissertation identifies observability, controllability, and a performance-motivated pragmatic criterion as essential properties of desirable formal specifications for reusable object-based software components. The pragmatic criterion guides the design of component interfaces and component libraries to a suitable set of features so that they are widely applicable, …

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A Signal Detection Analysis Of Body Image Distortion Among Women With Bulimia Nervosa., Lynda Anne Szymanski Jan 1997

A Signal Detection Analysis Of Body Image Distortion Among Women With Bulimia Nervosa., Lynda Anne Szymanski

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The clinical conceptualization of body-image distortion among persons with eating disorders typically emphasizes sensory disturbances and de-emphasizes nonsensory, environmental variables. The present study examined body-size misperceptions using a signal detection paradigm in 20 women with bulimia and 20 women without present symptomology or history of an eating disorder. First, subjects estimated their body sizes using a video distortion camera. Second, each subject judged how similar or dissimilar each of 192 distorted and undistorted images was to her actual body size using a 5-point rating scale. The second phase of the study was repeated with one-half of the subjects given instructions …

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Current College And University Serious Student Problems: A Study Of Attitudes And Perceptions Of Chief Student Affairs Officers And Student Leaders At Research I Universities., Melanie Jeanne Cook Jan 1997

Current College And University Serious Student Problems: A Study Of Attitudes And Perceptions Of Chief Student Affairs Officers And Student Leaders At Research I Universities., Melanie Jeanne Cook

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the attitudes and perceptions of chief student affairs officers and student leaders at Research I universities of serious student problems and the impact on the design and implementation of student services programs, policies, and procedures. Separate questionnaires were sent to chief student affairs officers and elected student leaders at Research I universities. These questionnaires asked the respective groups to identify current serious student problems on their campus. For comparative purposes, chief student affairs officers were also asked to identify serious student problems in the past and next five years. In addition, they …

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Implementation Of Collaborative Problem-Based Learning In The Classroom: A Focus On Group Dynamics In Relation To Self-Esteem And Skill Acquisition Through The Generation Of A Web Page., Lynn Allison Dombrowski Jan 1997

Implementation Of Collaborative Problem-Based Learning In The Classroom: A Focus On Group Dynamics In Relation To Self-Esteem And Skill Acquisition Through The Generation Of A Web Page., Lynn Allison Dombrowski

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this research was to provide information concerning group dynamics and Problem-Based Learning (PBL) to school teachers and counselors to determine if student behaviors have any influence on acquiring skills and knowledge. In addition, self-esteem was measured and crossed with group dynamics. Prior to the research study, Consent and Assent Forms had to be signed by students and one parent or guardian. Students were provided an overview of the project including a packet of handouts which consisted of a project timeline of day to day activities, daily task assignments, and instructions on learning Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML) and …

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Male Adolescent Sex Offenders: The Relationship Between Early Victimization And Subsequent Offense Patterns., Mark Steven Metz Jan 1997

Male Adolescent Sex Offenders: The Relationship Between Early Victimization And Subsequent Offense Patterns., Mark Steven Metz

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Twenty-three (23) incarcerated male adolescent sex offenders participated in structured interviews about their experiences as both victims and perpetrators of sexual assault. Data were analyzed for indications that some perpetrators use their offenses to reenact their victimization experiences in an effort to achieve mastery over their own sexual traumata. Data were also evaluated for evidence of differential victimization histories by molesters and rapists. Significant relationships were found between victimization and offense experiences, including the selection by offenders of victims who were the same race as the perpetrators against them, the recurrence in offenses of two types of sexual activity--simulated intercourse …

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Stimulus Control Of Human Punished Behavior: Testing For Generalization., Jennifer Marie O'Donnell Jan 1997

Stimulus Control Of Human Punished Behavior: Testing For Generalization., Jennifer Marie O'Donnell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Punishment may decrease the rate of unpunished behavior (i.e., punishment effects may generalize). Only a few studies with animals (e.g., Honig & Slivka, 1964) have investigated the stimulus generalization of punishment effects, or how they vary systematically with physical properties of stimuli. In a recent study with humans (O'Donnell & Crosbie, in press), each response in the presence of one horizontal line was punished, and generalization of punishment was tested in the presence of nine other lines that differed only in length. Generalization gradients were not obtained, most likely because the punisher became the discriminative stimulus for punishment conditions, thus …

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Effects Of Peer-Mediated Instructional Mnemonic Modeling Strategies On Learning Geographic Locations By Sixth-Grade Social Studies Students., Kimberly Bryan Jennings Jan 1997

Effects Of Peer-Mediated Instructional Mnemonic Modeling Strategies On Learning Geographic Locations By Sixth-Grade Social Studies Students., Kimberly Bryan Jennings

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study was designed to examine the effects of peer-mediated instructional mnemonic modeling strategies on learning geographic locations by sixth-grade social studies students. Experimental and control group scores, time-based memory retention, structural level of intervention, and experimental group attitudes were analyzed following the 10-week study. One teacher and 84 sixth-grade social studies students participated in the study. Experimental group students experienced peer-mediated mnemonic modeling activities during their regularly scheduled social studies classes while the control group received traditional geographic instruction only, which involved participation in the map outlining instructional process. Peer models were trained by the teacher as to the …

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Decentralized Estimation For Large Scale Interconnected Systems., Noureddine Bekhouche Jan 1997

Decentralized Estimation For Large Scale Interconnected Systems., Noureddine Bekhouche

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation deals with the design of decentralized estimators for large scale interconnected systems. The systems are composed of several subsystems interconnected together. At each subsystem level a filter is designed to estimate local and/or interface variables. Kalman filtering and H{dollar}\\infty{dollar} filtering tools are used to derive decentralized estimators based on two different approaches namely, direct and indirect methods. A power system application is used to illustrate the proposed algorithms. In each method the decentralized filter design requires a subsystem model (local model) and a set of measurements. In the direct method additional measurements are needed for decentralization. In the …

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Prediction Of Premature Termination From Residential Substance Abuse Rehabilitation., Frank Robert Hershberger Jan 1997

Prediction Of Premature Termination From Residential Substance Abuse Rehabilitation., Frank Robert Hershberger

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A significant proportion of clients utilizing substance abuse programs fail to successfully complete a course of treatment. High attrition rates represent a large number of clients who do not receive the full benefit of treatment. Both clients and treatment programs are adversely affected by premature termination. The present research focused on prediction of discharge status from residential substance abuse rehabilitation. A discriminant function analysis resulted in a prediction equation which incorporated nine sociodemographic variables. This equation correctly classified the discharge status of 67% of the prediction sample of 252 subjects. The equation was cross validated in a stratified random sample …

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Molecular Mechanisms Involved In The Expression And Regulation Of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase By Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids., Deborah Lynne Hodge Jan 1997

Molecular Mechanisms Involved In The Expression And Regulation Of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase By Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids., Deborah Lynne Hodge

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The goal of this work was to determine how polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) affect gene expression at the molecular level. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a member of the family of lipogenic enzymes known to be inhibited by dietary PUFAs. Addition of PUFAs to diet causes a 70-80% decrease in G6PD enzyme activity and mRNA accumulation in liver with no change in transcriptional activity of the gene, indicating that regulation occurs at a posttranscriptional step. Similarly, regulation of G6PD by starvation and refeeding results in a 12- to 15-fold increase in G6PD activity and mRNA accumulation but no change in transcriptional …

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Retrovirus Variation And Rt Template Switching During Retroviral Reverse Transcription: Development Of Novel Retroviral Vectors For Gene Therapy., John George Julias Jan 1997

Retrovirus Variation And Rt Template Switching During Retroviral Reverse Transcription: Development Of Novel Retroviral Vectors For Gene Therapy., John George Julias

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The low processivity of retroviral reverse transcriptase and the lack of exonucleolytic proofreading by retroviral reverse trascriptase contribute to the emergence of virus variants in infected hosts. A result of the low processivity of reverse transcriptase is the high frequency deletion of direct repeats in retroviral genomes and vectors. We determined that direct repeats of 383, 788, and 1333 base pairs delete at rates of 28-40, 85, and 93%, respectively, in one round of retroviral replication. Also, we demonstrated that the propensity of reverse transcriptase to switch templates could be used to reconstitute the neomycin resistance gene and delete the …

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A Modified Research Approach Teaching Style In A High School Chemistry Classroom., Krystal D. Curtis Jan 1997

A Modified Research Approach Teaching Style In A High School Chemistry Classroom., Krystal D. Curtis

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to develop a teaching style that used a modified research approach in a high school chemistry classroom. This modified research approach involved constructivist teaching practices, particularly the learning cycle. It emphasized the development of student science process skills, the mastery of science content, and a better understanding of attitudes about science in the classroom. It also promotes active learning in the classroom. The study also looks at the effectiveness of implementation of this teaching style. The methodology of the study involved designing modules which centered around nine basic chemistry concepts. These modules were guided …

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Development And Evaluation Of Automatic License Plate Reading Equipment For Transportation Planning., Lloyd James French Jan 1997

Development And Evaluation Of Automatic License Plate Reading Equipment For Transportation Planning., Lloyd James French

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Recent technological advances in computer hardware, software, and image processing have led to the development of automated license plate reading equipment. This equipment has primarily been developed for enforcement and security applications, such as monitoring parking garages or border crossings. Because license plate data are used in several transportation planning studies, automated license plate reading equipment has the potential to increase the quality and efficiency of many of the typical activities of transportation planning agencies. The existing applications of automated license plate reading equipment are significantly different than transportation planning applications. First, in existing applications, traffic is highly channelized. Transportation …

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An Exploration Of The Effect Of Attachment Style On The Conflict Dynamics Of The Long-Term Couple., Gloria Jean O'Donnell Jan 1997

An Exploration Of The Effect Of Attachment Style On The Conflict Dynamics Of The Long-Term Couple., Gloria Jean O'Donnell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Significant research literature supports the view that a couple's ability to resolve conflicts has a large impact on the stability of the relationship and the satisfaction of the members of the couple. Few studies have been conducted, however, to determine the relationships among the intrapersonal and interpersonal variables that affect the dynamics of conflict, in long-term couples. Consequently, this study explores the impact of the affective, cognitive, and behavioral correlates that accompany the internal working model, as described by attachment theory. Special attention has been given to the employment of defense mechanisms, style of conflict management, and defense-provoking behaviors. Participants …

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The Persistence Of Radiation-Induced Chromosome Aberrations In Mice., Michelle Denise Spruill Jan 1997

The Persistence Of Radiation-Induced Chromosome Aberrations In Mice., Michelle Denise Spruill

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

As translocations increase in popularity for use as a biodosimeter for prior radiation exposure, information on the possible decline of these 'stable' aberrations over time is desperately needed. This study is the first to assess the stability of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in vivo over the life span of a rodent model. C57BL/6 female mice were given an acute dose of 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 Gy {dollar}\\sp{lcub}137{rcub}{dollar}Cs of 8 weeks of age. Metaphase chromosome preparations were made from peripheral blood and bone marrow samples which were taken from 4 mice in each dose group at 1, 8, 15 and …

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Estimating Local Lending Risk And Its Effect On Bank Asset Allocation., David John Sorenson Jan 1997

Estimating Local Lending Risk And Its Effect On Bank Asset Allocation., David John Sorenson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Bank lending can have an important influence on local economic development. Banks have competing obligations, however, which compel them to look carefully at the riskiness of particular assets. This research addresses both lending risk assessment and the link between risk and lending by deriving risk measures based on industry mixes and testing whether differences in risk in local markets affect asset allocation. The research is both theoretical and empirical. The theoretical model of lending is based upon imperfect markets, risk aversion, and cost differentials. The model is extended to group banking to provide insight into the effects of diversification on …

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Physical, Chemical, And Microbial Analysis Of Domestic Wastewater Treated By Small Constructed Wetlands Designed For Individual Households., Keith R. Hench Jan 1997

Physical, Chemical, And Microbial Analysis Of Domestic Wastewater Treated By Small Constructed Wetlands Designed For Individual Households., Keith R. Hench

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Many small communities located in rural areas of the United States lack adequate domestic wastewater treatment plants. Constructed wetlands are being promoted as low-cost, low-maintenance systems for treatment of domestic wastewater in areas where standard septic tanks fail. In order to evaluate the efficacy of small constructed wetlands, 20 small-scale wetlands mesocosms (100 gal each) containing five plant treatments (no plants/control, Typha, Scirpus, and Juncus monocultures, and all three species combined) were planted into pea gravel at either 18 or 24 inches in depth. Each mesocosm received 5 gal/day of primary-treated domestic sewage. Mesocosms were monitored on a monthly basis …

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