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The Role Of Soft Money, Independent, And Coordinated Expenditures In Elections For The United States House Of Representatives., Kevin R. Spiker Jan 2003

The Role Of Soft Money, Independent, And Coordinated Expenditures In Elections For The United States House Of Representatives., Kevin R. Spiker

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the use and utility of soft money, independent, and coordinated expenditures in elections for the U.S. House of Representatives. While much is known about the effect of hard contributions on political campaigns, very little attention has been given to the role of soft money in congressional elections. Soft money contributions are donated to political parties at the federal level and these funds are ultimately transferred to state political parties to be used for “party building” activities. Given that prior to 2002, there were no limits on the amount of soft money that …

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Experimental Support For The Use Of Story Telling To Guide Behavior: The Effects Of Story Telling On Multiple And Mixed Fixed Ratio (Fr) /Differential Reinforcement Of Low Rate (Drl) Schedule Responding., Michelle Heffner Jan 2003

Experimental Support For The Use Of Story Telling To Guide Behavior: The Effects Of Story Telling On Multiple And Mixed Fixed Ratio (Fr) /Differential Reinforcement Of Low Rate (Drl) Schedule Responding., Michelle Heffner

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Story telling is universal, and the significance of stories may lie in their ability to guide behavior. An informal analysis of story telling suggests that stories provide a model of behavior, establish motivation, and stimulate the development of self-generated rules. In psychotherapy, stories illustrate points, suggest solutions, improve client insight, increase motivation, and establish rapport (Barker, 1996; Zeig, 1980). Despite the popular use of stories across theoretical orientations and treatment approaches, it is not clear if stories facilitate behavior change. Observational and correlational data suggest that stories may guide behavior, but there is no experimental support for these findings. The …

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The Effects Of Shaping And Instructing Verbal Behavior On Human Schedule Performance., Elizabethann M. O'Shields Jan 2003

The Effects Of Shaping And Instructing Verbal Behavior On Human Schedule Performance., Elizabethann M. O'Shields

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This experiment analyzed the effects of different methods of rule acquisition on sensitivity to changing contingencies of reinforcement. Subjects were asked to guess the best way to earn points on two alternating schedules of reinforcement that had produced differentiated pressing rates in a group of subjects not asked to guess. Subjects were divided into groups whose guessing was either shaped, instructed, or was provided with non-differential points for guessing. Different methods for producing guesses did not have an effect on sensitivity to changes in schedules of reinforcement, but did affect guessing across groups. Instructed guessing subjects demonstrated independence between guesses …

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Discovering August Strindberg's "The Ghost Sonata" Through The Costume Design., Nicole R. Frachiseur Jan 2003

Discovering August Strindberg's "The Ghost Sonata" Through The Costume Design., Nicole R. Frachiseur

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This document is intended to record the costume design process for West Virginia University’s 2002 production of August Strindberg’s The Ghost Sonata. The design was assigned as partial fulfillment of the requirements of a Master of Fine Arts thesis in theatrical design, specifically costumes. This document includes the process of the costume designer with visual documents of research, development, photographs, and paperwork needed to complete the design.

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Molecular Mechanisms Of G Protein-Receptor Coupling, Hongzheng Ma Jan 2003

Molecular Mechanisms Of G Protein-Receptor Coupling, Hongzheng Ma

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A variety of extracellular signals are transmitted into the cell interior by interactions with a superfamily of heptahelical cell surface receptors. Heterotrimeric G proteins mediate the signal transduction by coupling these receptors to intracellular effector proteins. The molecular mechanisms in G protein-receptor coupling processes are still not completely understood. In this project, two aspects of G protein-receptor coupling were examined: (1) the G protein-coupling properties of the five human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs); (2) a novel regulatory mechanism by a newly identified G protein signal regulator, Activator of G-protein Signaling 3 (AGS3). To study the regulation of G protein-receptor coupling, …

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Say-Do Correspondence: Effects Of Reinforcer Magnitude, Response Requirement, And Prior Experience On Choices., Stephanie P. Da Silva Jan 2003

Say-Do Correspondence: Effects Of Reinforcer Magnitude, Response Requirement, And Prior Experience On Choices., Stephanie P. Da Silva

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The effects of reinforcer magnitude, response requirement, and prior experience on choices in say-do correspondence were assessed in three experiments. In each of the experiments, correspondence was trained on red, green, and white key colors using Lattal and Doepke's (2001) homologue of correspondence. In Experiment 1, the duration of food presentations following correspondence on each key color was manipulated across conditions. As the duration of food presentation increased (e.g., from 3 s to 6 s), the number of say responses on that key color increased and, as the duration of food presentation decreased (e.g., from 3 s to 1 s), …

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A New Model For The Assessment Of Nonpoint Source Pollution Using Gis And Virtual Intelligence., Seyed Razi Gaskari Jan 2003

A New Model For The Assessment Of Nonpoint Source Pollution Using Gis And Virtual Intelligence., Seyed Razi Gaskari

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Today, nonpoint source (NPS) pollution remains as the leading cause of water quality problems in the United States (USEPA, 1996). The most common NPS pollutants are sediment (i.e. total suspended solids, TSS) and nutrients (i.e. total nitrogen, TN). These wash into water bodies from agricultural land, construction sites, and other areas of disturbance. To develop the virtual non-point source assessment system (VNPSAS) model, monitoring gauges were selected for data extraction from West Virginia and also the western part of Virginia. A geographic information system (GIS) was used as a productive environment for data extraction and spatial analysis. The information for …

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The Effects Of Science Engineering Mathematics Aerospace Academy (Semaa) Participation On Engagement Rates Of Sixth- And Seventh-Grade Students In Regular Mathematics Classes., Donna R. Carr Jan 2003

The Effects Of Science Engineering Mathematics Aerospace Academy (Semaa) Participation On Engagement Rates Of Sixth- And Seventh-Grade Students In Regular Mathematics Classes., Donna R. Carr

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of participation in a short-term, co-curricular, mathematics and science program (Science Engineering Mathematics Aerospace Academy, SEMAA) on the engagement rates of sixth and seventh grade students in public school mathematics classes. The outcome variable (engagement) was measured with the Student Record of Behavior at three time intervals. A 22.3 mixed ANOVA design was utilized to investigate three main effects (participation, grade level, and time) and their primary and secondary interactions. Results reflected no discernable impact of the SEMAA program on student engagement rates. Conclusions include alignment of ancillary programs and …

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The Effects Of Resistance Training And Oral Creatine Supplementation On Muscle Fiber Morphology, Strength And Activities Of Daily Living In Patients With Charcot -Marie -Tooth Disease., Robert David Chetlin Jan 2003

The Effects Of Resistance Training And Oral Creatine Supplementation On Muscle Fiber Morphology, Strength And Activities Of Daily Living In Patients With Charcot -Marie -Tooth Disease., Robert David Chetlin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Resistance exercise and creatine supplementation independently improve strength and function in patients with neuromuscular diseases, but the effectiveness of the two combined in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is unknown. Additionally, no study has examined gender differences in strength and activities of daily living (ADLs) in CMT patients before or after resistance training, nor has ADL performance been used for exercise prescription. Purposes. (1) To examine the effects of resistance training with and without creatine supplementation on muscle, strength and function in patients with CMT; (2) To compare effects of 12 weeks training on strength and ADLs in CMT men …

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Communication Apprehension And Accuracy Of Decoding Nonverbal Signals: A Replication And Extension Of Schroeder And Ketrow (1997)., Abigail L. Sopko Jan 2003

Communication Apprehension And Accuracy Of Decoding Nonverbal Signals: A Replication And Extension Of Schroeder And Ketrow (1997)., Abigail L. Sopko

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study was intended to be a replication and extension of Schroeder and Ketrow’s study (1997) of communication apprehension and nonverbal decoding ability, using the Interpersonal Perception Task -15 (Costanzo & Archer, 1993). This study explored specific nonverbal behaviors that are utilized by individuals who report high levels of communication apprehension when making judgments about an interaction. Moreover, the relationship between nonverbal decoding ability and interaction involvement was investigated. Results did not indicate any relationship between individuals’ scores on the IPT-15 and any other variable included in the study. Future research should attempt to develop a more reliable and valid …

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Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Study Of Gadolinium(3+) In Single Crystals Of Yttrium Vanadate., Xinghai Zhao Jan 2003

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Study Of Gadolinium(3+) In Single Crystals Of Yttrium Vanadate., Xinghai Zhao

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Electron paramagnetic resonance has been used to study Gd3+ impurities in single crystals of yttrium vanadate (YVO4). The Gd3+ ions have a 4f7 configuration and substitute for the Y3+ ions in the YVO4 lattice. Both undoped and Gd-doped YVO4 crystals have been investigated at room temperature. The angular dependence of the Gd3+ ions was measured in the c to a plane and in the a to a plane. These data were analyzed using a spin Hamiltonian with S = 7/2. The g matrix, obtained from the angular dependence, confirms that the Gd3+ ions reflect the tetragonal symmetry of the lattice. …

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A Content Analysis Of The Effects Of Media Framing Of Naming Rights On Corporate Sponsorship., Douglas Scott Lovell Jan 2003

A Content Analysis Of The Effects Of Media Framing Of Naming Rights On Corporate Sponsorship., Douglas Scott Lovell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This paper addresses the relationship between corporate sponsorship and naming rights concerning sporting venues. It is hypothesized that corporations are more positively framed in the media when granted naming rights of major sporting venues. The literature review establishes the history of corporate sponsorship (as related to sports), naming rights, reviews the effects of advertising, and cites examples of previous and current examples of this type of relationship. Manifest content analysis was utilized to examine media coverage in the Pittsburgh Post Gazette newspaper of articles concerning naming rights of Heinz Field and PNC Park. Results indicated more intense as well as …

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A Comparison Of Distraction Strategies For Venipuncture In Young Children., Jill E. Maclaren Jan 2003

A Comparison Of Distraction Strategies For Venipuncture In Young Children., Jill E. Maclaren

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Distraction has been used successfully as an intervention to decrease children’s distress during painful procedures. However, distraction protocols differ in various ways, most notably in the attention required by the participant to engage in the distraction. This study compared two empirically supported distraction strategies that differed in the degree to which they required children’s interaction (interactive toy and cartoon movie) during venipunctures. Standard treatment was used as a control condition. In addition to the examination of treatment effects, exploratory analyses evaluated relations among children’s age, engagement in distraction, and distress. Results indicated that children watching the movie were more distracted …

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The Extent To Which Sensitive Information Is Secured By Institutions That Donate Computers To Educational Settings., Ngoni Murandu Jan 2003

The Extent To Which Sensitive Information Is Secured By Institutions That Donate Computers To Educational Settings., Ngoni Murandu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The research in this study focused on the question of data security. The primary education community is the recipient of large numbers of surplus and used computers from government and Universities. This study reviewed the levels of risk associated with the procedures to sanitize disk media before computers are used by K-12 public schools. National surveys and a localized sample, provide data on the levels of awareness among academic administrations for the need to safeguard electronic data.

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Fragm: A Blasting Fragmentation Model Of Rocks., Sergey Victorovych Zagreba Jan 2003

Fragm: A Blasting Fragmentation Model Of Rocks., Sergey Victorovych Zagreba

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Fragmentation is a major concern of any blasting operation. Information on the degree and size distribution of fragments within a blasted rock mass is essential for efficient rock loading and crushing operations. Detailed literature review shows that majority of the previous researchers estimated blast fragmentation by considering four basic variables, i.e. rock properties, explosive properties, drilling pattern and bench geometry. However, when considering the effect of burden on rock fragmentation, simplified assumptions were made and its variability along the bench height was often ignored. In reality, because of the non-uniform burden along the bench height, the actual powder factor in …

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Prediction Of Treatment Dropouts From Outpatient Substance Abuse Rehabilitation: A Discriminant Analysis., Phyllis J. Harner-Neer Jan 2003

Prediction Of Treatment Dropouts From Outpatient Substance Abuse Rehabilitation: A Discriminant Analysis., Phyllis J. Harner-Neer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Significant research literature supports the need for programs better designed to meet the needs of adolescent substance treatment. There is little research, however, that addresses the identification of characteristics of those adolescents who do not complete treatment. Consequently, this study seeks to identify those characteristics of adolescents by segueing off of another study that proved successful in identifying characteristics among inpatient adult male substance abusers. This study looks at the archival data of 38 adolescents who attended outpatient substance abuse treatment at an experientially-based, substance abuse program designed for adolescents. Methodological processes included the use of demographic variables collected through …

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The Effect Of Background Music On The Mathematics Test Anxiety Of College Algebra Students., Stephanie E. Haynes Jan 2003

The Effect Of Background Music On The Mathematics Test Anxiety Of College Algebra Students., Stephanie E. Haynes

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study investigated the effect of background music, played prior to an exam, on the mathematics test anxiety and academic achievement of college algebra students. Two research questions were posed. The first question inquired if the use of background music played while students study 10 minutes prior to an exam, as opposed to the students studying in silence 10 minutes prior to an exam, reduced the level of mathematics test anxiety. The second question inquired if there would be a significant difference in the achievement scores of the students exposed to background music while studying to background music. The participants …

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Aquatic-Terrestrial Linkages In Appalachian Streams: Influence Of Riparian Inputs On Stream Habitat, Brook Trout Populations, And Trophic Dynamics., John A. Sweka Jan 2003

Aquatic-Terrestrial Linkages In Appalachian Streams: Influence Of Riparian Inputs On Stream Habitat, Brook Trout Populations, And Trophic Dynamics., John A. Sweka

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Riparian zones play a major role in the structure and function of headwater stream ecosystems. Inputs of leaf litter from riparian zones are the primary energy source for secondary production in these streams and inputs of large woody debris (LWD) help shape stream habitat. Riparian zones of Appalachian streams were degraded by past timber harvest activities. Streamside management zones (SMZs) now protect the riparian zone by limiting timber harvest activities near streams. The objective of this study was to examine aquatic-terrestrial linkages and how habitat and food resources influence brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis) populations in Appalachian streams. LWD was …

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The Use Of Cooperative Grouping In Inclusive Elementary Classrooms., Stephanie G. Pack Jan 2003

The Use Of Cooperative Grouping In Inclusive Elementary Classrooms., Stephanie G. Pack

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

With the advent of inclusion students with disabilities have been placed in settings that can maximize their opportunities to interact with their nondisabled peers. However, the inappropriate social behaviors of students with disabilities often prevented them from acceptance or classroom membership. Cooperative learning has been seen as one means of teaching all students in an inclusive classroom. Teacher support in the form of management systems and reward structures used in cooperative groupings are examined in this study. The use of qualitative research methods (observations, interviews, document analysis) in combination with a quantitative element (simple count) helped to determine the effectiveness …

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Roles Of Radicals In Cancer Research: Potential Therapeutic Agents And Probes For Studying Carcinogenesis., Jeannine Harrison Powell Jan 2003

Roles Of Radicals In Cancer Research: Potential Therapeutic Agents And Probes For Studying Carcinogenesis., Jeannine Harrison Powell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Unpaired electrons (radicals) have been implicated in numerous disease processes. They have also been proven useful in the study of intra- and intercellular processes. This work describes two approaches in the study of radicals. The first project involves the synthesis of a spin probe utilizing a stable nitroxide radical to probe DNA structures; the second includes studies of aryl radicals derived from arenediazonium ions found in common foods and other products. Formation of novel DNA structures such as triplex DNA has been associated with inhibited gene transcription and DNA replication. Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) has been used to study spin-labeled …

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Effects Of Mutations Of The Iron-Sulfur Protein On The Function And Structure Of The Cytochrome Bc(1) Complex Of Yeast Mitochondria., C Edward Ebert Jan 2003

Effects Of Mutations Of The Iron-Sulfur Protein On The Function And Structure Of The Cytochrome Bc(1) Complex Of Yeast Mitochondria., C Edward Ebert

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Mutational analysis of the Rieske iron-sulfur protein (ISP) has provided useful information on how the ubiquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex functions to transfer electrons through the complex as well as transport protons from the matrix space to the intermembrane space. Mutations of amino acid residues in the conserved hinge region of ISP have resulted a general decrease of enzymatic activity by 30–70%. Recent developments in crystallography have helped show that the aqueous head region of ISP is mobile. Characterization of the hinge region mutants combined with molecular dynamics simulations of the X-ray crystal structure show that one reason for the conservation …

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The Cycle Of Abuse: Factors That Put Survivors At Risk For Perpetration Of Child Physical And/Or Sexual Abuse., Aline E. Rabalais Jan 2003

The Cycle Of Abuse: Factors That Put Survivors At Risk For Perpetration Of Child Physical And/Or Sexual Abuse., Aline E. Rabalais

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Investigators have hypothesized that survivors of child sexual abuse may be at increased risk for becoming perpetrators of sexual abuse against children. Much of the available information about this cycle of abuse, however, is anecdotal and not based on empirical evidence. Furthermore, there has been little investigation of whether or not a history of sexual abuse may put one at risk for becoming a perpetrator of other types of child maltreatment, such as physical abuse. It is also unclear whether or not gender differences with respect to level of psychopathology and repeated exposure to traumatic events might increase the likelihood …

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The Influence Of The Monitoring Process On Special Education Services In West Virginia., Judith Hale Robertson Jan 2003

The Influence Of The Monitoring Process On Special Education Services In West Virginia., Judith Hale Robertson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the West Virginia Department of Education, Office of Special Education's monitoring system in bringing district special education programs into compliance with federal and state standards. Data for the study were obtained by surveying special education directors (22), special education teachers (848), and parents of students with exceptionalities (2,410) from 22 county school systems in West Virginia. The monitoring report for each of the 22 counties for the 1997–1998 and 1998–1999 school years and the previous monitoring report were analyzed. The 1996–1997 federal Office of Special Education Programs monitoring report …

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A Normal Accident Theory-Based Complexity Assessment Methodology For Safety-Related Embedded Computer Systems., John J. Sammarco Jan 2003

A Normal Accident Theory-Based Complexity Assessment Methodology For Safety-Related Embedded Computer Systems., John J. Sammarco

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Computer-related accidents have caused injuries and fatalities in numerous applications. Normal Accident Theory (NAT) explains that these accidents are inevitable because of system complexity. Complex systems, such as computer-based systems, are highly interconnected, highly interactive, and tightly coupled. We do not have a scientific methodology to identify and quantify these complexities; specifically, NAT has not been operationalized for computer-based systems. Our research addressed this by operationalizing NAT for the system requirements of safety-related computer systems. It was theorized that there are two types of system complexity: external and internal. External complexity was characterized by three variables: system predictability, observability, and …

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Distributional Ecology Of Bay Anchovy (Anchoa Mitchilli) In The Hudson River Estuary, United States., Ronald Clifton Tipton Jan 2003

Distributional Ecology Of Bay Anchovy (Anchoa Mitchilli) In The Hudson River Estuary, United States., Ronald Clifton Tipton

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

We used hydroacoustics to seasonally estimate regional density and combined river region total abundance of larvae, juvenile, and adult bay anchovy in the Hudson River Estuary from May 1996 through September 1998. During the fine scale power plant study, pelagic fish abundance and distribution was determined acoustically in the vicinity of Bowline and Indian Point power plants on the Hudson River, New York during July, August, and September 1996, in a study designed to determine size specific spatial and temporal fish abundance and distribution with respect to environmental classifications in the vicinity of the two power plants. August yielded the …

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Cumulative Review: Effects Of Random Alternation Of Review Items On Mathematics Problem Solving., Christine Kim Jan 2003

Cumulative Review: Effects Of Random Alternation Of Review Items On Mathematics Problem Solving., Christine Kim

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The present study evaluated the differences between three methods of reviewing basic algebra skills. Five component rules were trained: the use of four laws of exponents and a combination rule that included simplifying mathematical expressions (i.e., “order of operations”) and perfect squares. All methods used the same procedures to teach the rules and included review sessions interspersed among the training of the individual rules. The differences among methods involved the kinds of practice provided during the review sessions. The simple review group (n = 12) received extra questions on each rule learned. The nonrandom cumulative review group (n = 12) …

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The Impact Of Student Discourse And Journal Writing On The Mathematics Achievement Of Fifth-Grade Students., Lesley A. Klishis Jan 2003

The Impact Of Student Discourse And Journal Writing On The Mathematics Achievement Of Fifth-Grade Students., Lesley A. Klishis

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In its Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics, the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics called for a new vision of what is means to be mathematically literate (NCTM, 2000). A major goal of this reform movement has been to provide students with opportunities to develop "mathematical habits of the mind to not only know the signs, symbols, and terms of mathematics, but to read, write, and discuss mathematics. This study investigated the relationship between instructional strategies and student understanding in mathematics. Specifically, the study explored whether student discourse is a desirable prerequisite of journal writing, and whether the …

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Three Essays On The Estimations Of Price Elasticity Of Demand In The United States Cigarette Industry And World Crude Oil Market., Jian-Fa Li Jan 2003

Three Essays On The Estimations Of Price Elasticity Of Demand In The United States Cigarette Industry And World Crude Oil Market., Jian-Fa Li

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Essay I presents a set of more refined estimates of demand for cigarettes in the U.S. It was found that the dynamic fixed estimator (DFE) outperforms the pool mean group estimator (PMG) and the mean group estimator (MG) in the U.S. cigarette market from 1961 to 1997. The short-run price elasticity is −0.122, and the long run price elasticity is −0.716. Additionally, there is ample room for cigarette firms to raise revenue to pay for the settlement costs as long as the demand for cigarettes remains in the inelastic range. In essay II, Based on our empirical estimates, the gap …

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The Future Of Electronic Editing: Theory And Practice., Hilary M. Attfield Jan 2003

The Future Of Electronic Editing: Theory And Practice., Hilary M. Attfield

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation investigates the theory and practice of editing as it moves into the electronic era. As an example of the type of material which scholars may now be interested in working with, it centers on an edition of a lecture given by the West Virginia artist-journalist David Hunter Strother on John Brown nine years after the insurrection at Harper's Ferry. This material was chosen because it was locally available, unpublished, both locally and nationally important, and of the dimension which would have formerly placed it on the margin of paper publication. Chapter one shows how the theory of editing …

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Fictions Of Nature: Ecology, Science, And Culture In Twentieth-Century British Literature., Neal Bukeavich Jan 2003

Fictions Of Nature: Ecology, Science, And Culture In Twentieth-Century British Literature., Neal Bukeavich

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation examines twentieth-century British fiction concerned with humankind's interactions with the nonhuman world. I analyze a range of literary works, including H. G. Wells's The Food of the Gods (1903), D. H. Lawrence's The Rainbow (1915), Women in Love (1920), and Lady Chatterley's Lover (1928), John Brunner's Stand on Zanzibar (1968), Graham Swift's Waterland (1983), and J. G. Ballard's Rushing to Paradise (1994). This body of literature remains largely unexamined for its treatments of ecological issues and belongs to a national history deeply implicated in local and global environmental change. Moreover, my consideration of this literary tradition marks a …

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