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Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

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Failure Mechanisms In Impact Erosion Of Ductile Materials, Ramesh Padavala Aug 2004

Failure Mechanisms In Impact Erosion Of Ductile Materials, Ramesh Padavala

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Solid particle erosion in ductile materials is a common problem in many industrial applications. It is defined as material loss resulting from the mechanical contact between the particle and the metal surface. Many experimental studies were reported in the past to determine the loss of the material due to these ductile impacts. Conducting experiments for numerous materials at different conditions is difficult and costly. A finite element model to predict the ductile erosion loss at various conditions for different materials is more expedient.;In this thesis a finite element model was developed to predict the erosion loss for AL 6061-T0 at …

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Assessment Of A Novel Interview Technique For Improving Young Children's Forensic Reports, Rebecca G. Ryan Aug 2004

Assessment Of A Novel Interview Technique For Improving Young Children's Forensic Reports, Rebecca G. Ryan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The present study examined a novel interview technique and its effectiveness when administered to 3- to 7-year-old children. This novel interview technique isolated the effects of source-monitoring training (SMT). All of the children in the present study viewed a video of a magic show and after a one-week delay were asked both misleading and accurate questions about the magic show video. After another one-week delay the children were randomly assigned to either the SMT group or the control group. The SMT group received source-monitoring training prior to the final interview about the magic show video. The control group received no …

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Psychophysical Studies Of Binocular And Spatial Vision In Humans With Anisometropic And Strabismic Amblyopia, Ritwick Agrawal Aug 2004

Psychophysical Studies Of Binocular And Spatial Vision In Humans With Anisometropic And Strabismic Amblyopia, Ritwick Agrawal

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Amblyopia is a common developmental visual disorder. Previous studies of amblyopia have delineated spatial and binocular deficits. However debate exists about how the strabismic and anisometropic subtypes may differ. The central hypothesis is that the two subtypes differ with regard to binocular integration functions. Strabismic subjects may show severe impairments of binocular integration due to a history inter-ocular suppression, which predicts the pattern of monocular deficits. Seven anisometropic, six strabismic and seven control subjects were tested psychophysically with four monocular tests and three binocular tests. Results indicated that the degree of loss of Vernier acuity was larger than that predicted …

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Biologically Inspired Evolutionary Temporal Neural Circuits, Reza Derakhshani Aug 2004

Biologically Inspired Evolutionary Temporal Neural Circuits, Reza Derakhshani

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Biological neural networks have always motivated creation of new artificial neural networks, and in this case a new autonomous temporal neural network system. Among the more challenging problems of temporal neural networks are the design and incorporation of short and long-term memories as well as the choice of network topology and training mechanism. In general, delayed copies of network signals can form short-term memory (STM), providing a limited temporal history of events similar to FIR filters, whereas the synaptic connection strengths as well as delayed feedback loops (ER circuits) can constitute longer-term memories (LTM). This dissertation introduces a new general …

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Software Quality And Reliability Prediction Using Dempster -Shafer Theory, Lan Guo Aug 2004

Software Quality And Reliability Prediction Using Dempster -Shafer Theory, Lan Guo

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

As software systems are increasingly deployed in mission critical applications, accurate quality and reliability predictions are becoming a necessity. Most accurate prediction models require extensive testing effort, implying increased cost and slowing down the development life cycle. We developed two novel statistical models based on Dempster-Shafer theory, which provide accurate predictions from relatively small data sets of direct and indirect software reliability and quality predictors. The models are flexible enough to incorporate information generated throughout the development life-cycle to improve the prediction accuracy.;Our first contribution is an original algorithm for building Dempster-Shafer Belief Networks using prediction logic. This model has …

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Three Essays On Spatial Spillovers Of Highway Investment And Regional Growth, Samia Islam Aug 2004

Three Essays On Spatial Spillovers Of Highway Investment And Regional Growth, Samia Islam

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The impact of transportation infrastructure on regional employment can be reflected through changes in the accessibility of the region affected. A certain region may benefit from the positive externalities associated with a public works project even though the facilities are located in another region. The extent of these spillovers can be determined by using a measure of proximity to highway infrastructure in a model of employment. The first essay in this dissertation examines the distance decay in employment growth and the spatial spillovers of highway investment in the 411-county Appalachian region. Although distance decay in employment is not evident after …

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Metal -Surface Reactions In Mixed Aqueous Organic Solvents, Rafif K. Srour Aug 2004

Metal -Surface Reactions In Mixed Aqueous Organic Solvents, Rafif K. Srour

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The effect of mixed aqueous-organic solvents on exchange and adsorption reactions onto clay minerals is examined in this study while accounting for the effect of cosolvents on metal solution properties, ionic activity and complexation. In the absence of published values, a determination of the primary association constant of selected ions in solution was conducted using conductometric methods. These stability constant values were used to correct for ion-pairing in the exchange and the adsorption experiments. A spectrophotometric determination of pH was accomplished through the quantification of the conditional dissociation constants, sKI, of two indicators (methyl red and phenol red) at constant …

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Adaptive Video Segmentation, Nagamani Banda Aug 2004

Adaptive Video Segmentation, Nagamani Banda

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The efficiency of a video indexing technique depends on the efficiency of the video segmentation algorithm which is a fundamental step in video indexing. Video segmentation is a process of splitting up a video sequence into its constituent scenes. This work focuses on the problem of video segmentation. A content-based approach has been used which segments a video based on the information extracted from the video itself. The main emphasis is on using structural information in the video such as edges as they are largely invariant to illumination and motion changes. The edge-based features have been used in conjunction with …

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Particle Breakage In Sand Blasting Due To Impact On Ductile Materials, Ravi Kishore Bandaru Aug 2004

Particle Breakage In Sand Blasting Due To Impact On Ductile Materials, Ravi Kishore Bandaru

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cleaning of rust, paint or removing burrs and many other such applications are done by several processes. Sand blasting is one of them, where a stream of sand particles is forcefully projected onto a surface, with compressed air or steam. These sand particles break up into very small pieces upon impact, which are inhaled by workers to cause silicosis. While much research has been done on the surface being impacted, very little research has been done on the particle itself. Hence, proper analytical modeling of the sand blasting process from the particle perspective, validated by experimental results, is required to …

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Reduction Of Natural Gas Engine Emissions Using A Novel Aftertreatment System, Timothy S. Burlingame Aug 2004

Reduction Of Natural Gas Engine Emissions Using A Novel Aftertreatment System, Timothy S. Burlingame

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The global objective of this study was to develop an exhaust aftertreatment system to reduce gaseous and particulate matter emissions from natural gas fueled vehicles. Specific objectives of this study were to evaluate and characterize emissions from a natural gas fueled vehicle powered by a Cummins C8.3G+ engine with and without the particulate matter (PM) filter and oxidation catalyst (OC) combination, which was designed and developed by West Virginia University in collaboration with Lubrizol-ECS. Central Business District (CBD) Cycle tests were performed on West Virginia University's Transportable Emissions Testing Laboratory. A heavy-duty transportable chassis dynamometer and a dedicated "clean" dilution …

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Acoustical And Flow Characteristics Of A Cough As An Index Of Pulmonary Function In The Guinea Pig, Joshua W. Day Aug 2004

Acoustical And Flow Characteristics Of A Cough As An Index Of Pulmonary Function In The Guinea Pig, Joshua W. Day

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Human studies indicate that cough sound and flow analysis may be useful for diagnosing pulmonary abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an animal model for cough sound and flow analysis. A system was designed to expose guinea pigs to aerosols of citric acid (0.39M) and record resulting coughs at different stages of chemically induced specific airway resistance (sRAW). Coughs were divided into three categories (low sRAW, n = 113; moderate sRAW, n = 143; high sR AW, n = 93). 124 cough sound parameters were derived from the analysis of the sound pressure waves recorded during the …

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Tcp/Ip Stack Fingerprinting For Patch Detection In A Distributed Windows Environment, Balaji Ganesan Aug 2004

Tcp/Ip Stack Fingerprinting For Patch Detection In A Distributed Windows Environment, Balaji Ganesan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Patch Management has become important in every system administrator's work profile. A missing patch can be essentially considered a vulnerability as the hackers make use of the knowledge of the vulnerability from the security bulletin and attempt attacks for that vulnerability. An efficient patch management solution is necessary to counter known vulnerabilities. For this an inventory listing of the patches installed in each system called a patch audit helps the system administrators know the patch status and install only the necessary patches. An important problem in patch auditing is that there may be many systems in a network for which …

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Feature-Level Fusion In Multimodal Biometrics, Rohin K. Govindarajan Aug 2004

Feature-Level Fusion In Multimodal Biometrics, Rohin K. Govindarajan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Multimodal biometric systems utilize the evidence presented by multiple biometric modalities (e.g., face and fingerprint, multiple fingers of a user, multiple impressions of a single finger, etc.) in order to determine or verify the identity of an individual. Information from multiple sources can be consolidated in three distinct levels [1]: (i) feature set level; (ii) match score level; and (iii) decision level. While fusion at the match score and decision levels have been extensively studied in the literature, fusion at the feature level is a relatively understudied problem. A novel technique to perform fusion at the feature level by considering …

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Effects Of Artificial Neural Network Speed-Based Inputs On Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emissions Prediction, Nastaran Hashemi Aug 2004

Effects Of Artificial Neural Network Speed-Based Inputs On Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emissions Prediction, Nastaran Hashemi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The PM split study was performed in Southern California on thirty-four heavy-duty diesel vehicles using the West Virginia University Transportable Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emissions Testing Laboratories to gather emissions data of these vehicles. The data obtained from six vehicles in the 1985--2001 model year and 33,000--80,000 lb weight range exercised through three different cycles were selected in this thesis. To predict the instantaneous levels of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO), an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used. Axle speed, torque, their rates of change over different time periods and two other variables as …

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Compatible Taper And Volume Equations For Yellow-Poplar In West Virginia, Lichun Jiang Aug 2004

Compatible Taper And Volume Equations For Yellow-Poplar In West Virginia, Lichun Jiang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) is an important source of raw material for the forest products industry in West Virginia. Accurate taper and volume functions are an important component of most inventory systems for use in estimating upper stem diameter, form, and tree volume. Compatible taper and volume functions can be derived through the mathematical integration of taper functions. Non-linear regression techniques were employed to estimate the parameters in both the taper and volume functions while accounting for correlated error structures. This technique was used to simultaneously minimize the error in both the taper and volume functions. The data included 44 …

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Information Fusion Schemes For Real Time Risk Assessment In Adaptive Control Systems, Martin Mladenovski Aug 2004

Information Fusion Schemes For Real Time Risk Assessment In Adaptive Control Systems, Martin Mladenovski

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Intelligent Flight Control System (IFCS) deploys a neural network for in-flight aircraft failure accommodation. Verification and validation (V&V) of adaptive systems is a challenging research problem. Our approach to V&V relies on real-time monitoring of neural network learning. Monitors detect learning anomalies and react to different failure conditions. We investigated data fusion techniques suitable for the analysis of neural network monitors. Monitor outputs are fused into a measure of confidence, indicating the belief in the correctness of failure accommodation mechanism provided by the neural network. We investigated two data fusion techniques, one based on Dempster-Shafer theory and the other based …

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Developing The Portability Indices And The Portable Code Generator, Gregory E. Mundy Aug 2004

Developing The Portability Indices And The Portable Code Generator, Gregory E. Mundy

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Portability is recognized as a highly desirable characteristic of contemporary software design. However, research in the area has not been forthcoming in recent years and much of the work related to the field is ad hoc and speculative at best.;This study attempted to establish a framework for deriving a probabilistic measure of software portability that may be useful in aiding developers to make key design decisions that will result in some quantifiable level of portability while minimizing the cost of incorporating portable design into the software production process.;The research also explored the potential portability benefits that may be derived from …

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Smoking And Dose-Dependent Early Effects Of Nicotine On Bone Mechanical Properties And Histology, Daniel Shaw Porter Aug 2004

Smoking And Dose-Dependent Early Effects Of Nicotine On Bone Mechanical Properties And Histology, Daniel Shaw Porter

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The objective was to study the effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke on mechanical properties of cortical bone. Experiments were conducted for 5 weeks with New Zealand White Rabbits. The first experiment of 18 rabbits studied the effect of nicotine levels delivered via a nicotine patch (5.25, 10.5, 21 ng/ml), measured by different mechanical tests, porosity, and composition. There was no significant difference between the control and the treatment groups.;The second experiment of 22 rabbits studied the effects of nicotine delivered via a nicotine patch (10.5 ng/ml) and via a smoking chamber on fracture toughness and porosity. The rabbits exposed …

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Diagnosis Of Operational Changes In Microelectromechanical Systems Via Fault Detection, Scott A. Rittenhouse Aug 2004

Diagnosis Of Operational Changes In Microelectromechanical Systems Via Fault Detection, Scott A. Rittenhouse

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

As microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices migrate into progressively more critical systems, the reliability these devices have to demonstrate must increasingly improve. Current research in the reliability of MEMS has succeeded in increasing the reliability of commercialized MEMS before they are integrated into an application by focusing on fabrication processes, device materials, and packaging. In this study, the focus is on assessing the reliability of MEMS during device operation.;A fault detection approach was taken to diagnose incipient changes in the operation of MEMS devices. Model-based fault detection schemes utilizing the Kalman filter and Hinfinity filter as residual generators were investigated. Analysis …

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Effects Of Various Phytase Concentrations In Diets With Low-Phytate Corn On Broiler Chick Performance And Metabolism, Nicole J. Baker Aug 2004

Effects Of Various Phytase Concentrations In Diets With Low-Phytate Corn On Broiler Chick Performance And Metabolism, Nicole J. Baker

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Research indicates a reduction of phosphorus content in fecal excreta with the supplementation of phytase to corn-soybean meal based diets or with the use of low phytate corn (LPC) in broilers. This study examined how 0--3 wk broiler chicks are impacted by concomitant phytase supplementation with LPC (0.136% phytate phosphorus (PP) by analysis) in the diet. Various levels of phytase from either 2500 or 5000 FYT/g of Peniophora lycii phytase product were used as experimental treatments. Efficacy of treatments was determined using a response curve created with increasing levels of monocalcium phosphate. Following a 6-day pretest, 576 broiler chicks were …

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Recruitment Strategies Used By High School Agriculture Education Teachers In West Virginia, Danny R. Dewhurst Aug 2004

Recruitment Strategies Used By High School Agriculture Education Teachers In West Virginia, Danny R. Dewhurst

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Recruitment is the act of enrolling new members as well as keeping current levels of members or students. Questionnaires were sent to all agricultural education teachers in West Virginia to determine what strategies were being used to maintain and increase enrollment in agriculture education programs throughout West Virginia. The first questionnaire was sent to 97 agricultural education teachers asking them to list recruiting activities that they used to promote their programs. A second questionnaire was sent asking them to rate the effectiveness of recruitment activities they have participated in over the past four (4) years. Forty-six secondary agricultural education teachers …

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Demography And Genetic Structure Of An Allegheny Woodrat Population In Northcentral West Virginia, Mary Elizabeth Manjerovic Aug 2004

Demography And Genetic Structure Of An Allegheny Woodrat Population In Northcentral West Virginia, Mary Elizabeth Manjerovic

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) occurs throughout the Appalachian Mountains forming isolated colonies in rock outcrops, cliffs, and caves. In the past 20--30 years, populations along the northern and western peripheries of the range have experienced drastic declines. There have been suggested reasons for this decline but a lack of long-term data has prevented application of specific management actions. In recent years, there has been more insight into population structure, gene flow, and relatedness among colonies. The objectives of my study were to examine these factors at a localized level to further assist with future management decisions.;Using data collected over …

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Diet, Physical Activity, And Television Viewing In Relation To The Body Weight Status Of West Virginia Adolescents, Kimberly M. Morris Aug 2004

Diet, Physical Activity, And Television Viewing In Relation To The Body Weight Status Of West Virginia Adolescents, Kimberly M. Morris

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Context. The obesity epidemic is now threatening youth. Yet little is known regarding the factors associated with adolescent weight status.;Objective. To determine whether dietary intakes, physical activity, and hours spent viewing television are related to the body weight status of West Virginia adolescents.;Design, setting, and participants. This descriptive study included survey, diet recall, and body mass index data from 1,036, 14--20 year olds attending West Virginia high schools during the years 2002 to 2003.;Results. Overweight students consumed less kilocalories (∼378) (P < .001), less servings of total grains (P < .01) and a greater percentage of their energy from protein (P = .01). A significantly less amount of overweight students reported participating in strengthening/toning physical activities on three or more days of the week (P < .01).;Conclusion. Overweight adolescents within the state of West Virginia appear more likely to restrict their energy intake rather than exercise to lose weight. Thus, public health intervention strategies to help these students reach a healthy weight while maintaining adequate nutrition are imperative.

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Effect Of Watering Regime And Media Components On The Production Of Organic Tomato Transplants, Melissa C. Vantine Aug 2004

Effect Of Watering Regime And Media Components On The Production Of Organic Tomato Transplants, Melissa C. Vantine

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In order to find appropriate methods to produce quality organic tomato transplants, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. WV '63) seedlings were grown in four growing media containing various ratios of composted animal manure and were compared to transplants grown in a conventional peat-lite mix receiving synthetic fertilizers. These five media were watered according to eight watering regimes, including five watering levels and three watering regimes containing compost tea. Composted horse and cow manure can be used in part or instead of peat in organic potting mixes. The ratio of compost used will depend on characteristics of the compost and will also …

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Chaotic Price Dynamics Of Agricultural Commodities, Jeff B. Cromwell Aug 2004

Chaotic Price Dynamics Of Agricultural Commodities, Jeff B. Cromwell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Traditionally, commodity prices have been analyzed and modeled in the context of linear generating processes. The purpose of this dissertation is to address the adequacy of this work through examination of the critical assumption of independence in the residual process of linearly specified models. As an alternative, a test procedure is developed and utilized to demonstrate the appropriateness of applying generalized conditional heteroscedastic time series models (GARCH) to agricultural commodity prices. In addition, a distinction is made between testing for independence and testing for chaos in commodity prices. The price series of interest derive from the major international agricultural commodity …

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Effect Of Contextual Variables On Mealtime Problem Behavior In The Natural Environment, Ellen J. Mccartney Aug 2004

Effect Of Contextual Variables On Mealtime Problem Behavior In The Natural Environment, Ellen J. Mccartney

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A growing body of research suggests that contingency-based interventions are effective for decreasing mealtime problem behavior and increasing the amount and variety of food accepted. To date, two published studies have examined the effects of specific contextual variables (food type and texture or session pre-feeding) on mealtime behavior. Research with problem behavior occurring outside of mealtime suggests that problem behavior may often be under the control of contextual or contextual variables. The purpose of this study was to further evaluate the effect of contextual variables on mealtime behavior. Four children and their caregivers served as participants in both Phases 1 …

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Effectiveness Of Trek-21 Model Of Professional Development On Changes In Teacher Practices With Respect To Instructional Technology Integration, Chifundo N. Lemani Aug 2004

Effectiveness Of Trek-21 Model Of Professional Development On Changes In Teacher Practices With Respect To Instructional Technology Integration, Chifundo N. Lemani

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between key factors of Trek-21 professional development model and resulting changes in teacher practices with respect to the integration of instructional technologies into participants' classrooms. The Trek 21 professional development was a three-year project designed to bring about a deep and lasting change in educators through the integration of instructional technologies. The project was funded as an implementation grant through the U.S. Department of Education's Preparing Tomorrow's Teachers to Use Technology (PT3) grant program. The Trek-21 professional development was developed around research-based practices that enabled participants to develop IT skills …

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Teachers' Beliefs In Relation To Their Instructional Technology Practices, Deniz Palak Aug 2004

Teachers' Beliefs In Relation To Their Instructional Technology Practices, Deniz Palak

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study investigated how teachers' beliefs and factors other than teachers' beliefs relate to teachers' instructional technology practices. Teachers' beliefs were identified as teacher-centered beliefs, student-centered beliefs, and attitudes toward technology integration. Teacher confidence and comfort, technical support, general school support, and ratio of computers-to-students in the classroom were identified as factors other than teachers' beliefs.;The study employed both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. The research population of this study involved 113 technology-using P--12 teachers who worked in technology-rich schools in West Virginia. The quantitative research methods employed two surveys and computed a series of correlational and multiple regression analyses …

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Numerical Simulation Of Fine Particle Separation In Hindered -Settling Bed Separators By Computational Fluid Dynamics, Yunkai Xia Aug 2004

Numerical Simulation Of Fine Particle Separation In Hindered -Settling Bed Separators By Computational Fluid Dynamics, Yunkai Xia

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The objective of the present study was to improve the understanding of multiple phase flows in hindered-settling bed separators (HSBS). A better understanding of mineral separation in HSBS and the role of structured plates was gained through studies conducted with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis tools. An Euler-Lagrange model from CFD technique is used for this purpose.;In an Euler-Lagrange model, two dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved with the implementation of a finite volume approach over staggered grids with application of Baldwin-Lomax turbulent model. The overall accuracy of the method is second-order in both space and time. The calculation of …

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Theoretical And Experimental Analysis Of Frp Bridge Decks Under Thermal Loads, Krit Laosiriphong Aug 2004

Theoretical And Experimental Analysis Of Frp Bridge Decks Under Thermal Loads, Krit Laosiriphong

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The temperature difference between the top and bottom of a fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite deck (120°F) is nearly three times that of conventional concrete decks (40°F). The large temperature difference is attributed to low thermal conductivity of FRP material and low thermal mass due to hollow core. Thermal response studies have been conducted for FRP bridge decks under thermal fluctuations and temperature difference across the deck depth.;In this study, thermal tests were conducted on two FRP bridge deck modules (4&inches; and 8&inches; deep decks) in the laboratory by heating or cooling at the top surface of FRP deck (i.e., …

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