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Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

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Effect Of Opening Size On The Effectiveness Of A Noise Enclosure On The Side Facing The Opening, Amit Damodar Hegde May 2005

Effect Of Opening Size On The Effectiveness Of A Noise Enclosure On The Side Facing The Opening, Amit Damodar Hegde

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Noise enclosures are an important tool in reducing noise exposures. Holes in enclosures are known to reduce the effectiveness of such enclosures. There are methods to predict the effects of openings, but those methods are largely untested in real enclosures. This study investigated the effects of hole size (0%, 0.024%, 0.379%, 0.675%, 1.492%,and 5.063%) at a distance of 5 feet (1.524 m) in a 96 inch (2.46 m) x 37 inch (0.94 m) x 31 inch (0.79 m), 3/4 inch plywood enclosure with a noise source centered in the box and the openings centered on one long face of the …

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Design, Construction And Initial Testing Of Experimental Test Package For Convective Spray Cooling In Terrestrial Gravity Conditions, Charles Andy Hunnell May 2005

Design, Construction And Initial Testing Of Experimental Test Package For Convective Spray Cooling In Terrestrial Gravity Conditions, Charles Andy Hunnell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The design and construction of an apparatus for spray cooling tests was completed to better understand the effects of spray cooling with different geometries at varied flow rates and different spray orientations. Three different geometries were studied at four different spray volumetric flow rates varying from 9.3 GPH to 4.6 GPH. At each spray flow rate the heat flux of the small heated pedestal located in the spray chamber was increased from 5 W/cm2 to 32.24 W/cm2. During these tests the spray orientation was changed from a vertical downward spray to a horizontal spray. The convective heat transfer coefficient and …

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Forced Vibration And Hygrothermal Analysis Of Composite Laminated Beams Under The Action Of Moving Loads, Praveen Kumar Kavipurapu May 2005

Forced Vibration And Hygrothermal Analysis Of Composite Laminated Beams Under The Action Of Moving Loads, Praveen Kumar Kavipurapu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The dynamic response of simply supported glass/epoxy composite beams subjected to moving loads in a hygrothermal environment is carried out using the general purpose finite element program ANSYS. The moving load model and the hygrothermal incorporation are validated separately by reproducing results available in the literature. The hygrothermal effect is introduced by using empirical relations for degrading the material stiffness properties of the matrix. The corresponding ply properties are calculated using the rule of mixtures. A parametric study is conducted by varying the fiber volume fraction and the fiber orientation of the angle plies in the laminate. The results indicate …

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Methodology To Determine Post Yield Material Mechanical Properties From Spherical Indentation, Bharath Konda May 2005

Methodology To Determine Post Yield Material Mechanical Properties From Spherical Indentation, Bharath Konda

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Conventional material testing methods, such as tensile tests require the preparation of specimens and is not applicable for small-size coupons or on-site, in-situ testing. In this research, a method of determining material stress-strain curve based on spherical indentation is studied. Spherical-indentation process is analyzed by finite element (FE) method and a systematic analysis of relationships between indentation parameters and true stress/plastic-strain (sigmat- epsilonp) curve is performed for a range of material properties. A detailed methodology based on Tabor's empirical formula and Meyer's law is developed to determine the material strain hardening properties, Young's modulus and yield strength. It is noticed …

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Measurement And Evaluation Of The Performance Of An Integral Abutment Bridge Deck, Kenneth Mcgowan May 2005

Measurement And Evaluation Of The Performance Of An Integral Abutment Bridge Deck, Kenneth Mcgowan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis is based upon the instrumentation of an integral abutment bridge, with a reinforced concrete deck on 3-span, continuous steel girders. The bridge is located in Evansville, West Virginia, at the intersection of WV Route 92 South and US Route 50 East. An instrumentation system was developed to measure the performance of the bridge, including a system of 30 crack meters installed in the deck to detect cracks, strain gages on the girders and embedded in the deck, whose readings can be utilized to determine the degree of composite action of the deck and girders, and sister bars to …

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Multi-Resolution Dental Image Registration Based On Genetic Algorithm, Mythili Ogirala May 2005

Multi-Resolution Dental Image Registration Based On Genetic Algorithm, Mythili Ogirala

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Automated Dental Identification System (ADIS) is a Post Mortem Dental Identification System. This thesis presents dental image registration, required for the preprocessing steps of the image comparison component of ADIS. We proposed a multi resolution dental image registration based on genetic algorithms. The main objective of this research is to develop techniques for registration of extracted subject regions of interest with corresponding reference regions of interest.;We investigated and implemented registration using two multi resolution techniques namely image sub sampling and wavelet decomposition. Multi resolution techniques help in the reduction of search data since initial registration is carried at lower …

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Investigation Of Fabrication Process Development For Integrated Optical Grating Structures, Divya Pisharoty May 2005

Investigation Of Fabrication Process Development For Integrated Optical Grating Structures, Divya Pisharoty

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Sub-micron optical gratings are essential integrated elements to couple light into waveguides and for optical monitoring of microfluidic channels or MEMS devices. Since the required features in the sub-micron regime are difficult to achieve by mechanical ruling and photolithography, alternate fabrication techniques are investigated. Exposure by e-beam and laser are two direct write methods which are used. These methods preclude the need of a mask, require few processing steps, and can be used to write features of sizes desired for optical gratings. In this research, we explore and develop processes to create sub-micron gratings by both these methods. A resist …

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Shared Decision-Making And Its Impact On Inclusion For Special Needs Students, Deborah E. Kuhns May 2005

Shared Decision-Making And Its Impact On Inclusion For Special Needs Students, Deborah E. Kuhns

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Shared decision-making is a style of leadership that affords ownership, empowerment, and being part of a team that can make a difference. When the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) required a committee to develop an Individualized Education Program, inclusion was considered in order to provide the least restrictive environment within which the student could make progress in a school setting.;When the regular classroom teachers feel that they help to make decisions for inclusion of children in their classrooms, does it impact their implementation of inclusion? Regular classroom teachers were interviewed for this case study to determine how shared decision-making …

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Investigation Of Relative Humidity And Induced-Vortex Effects On Aircraft Icing, Egemen O. Ogretim May 2005

Investigation Of Relative Humidity And Induced-Vortex Effects On Aircraft Icing, Egemen O. Ogretim

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Aircraft icing is an area of research that has drawn attention since the early times of powered flight at high altitudes. Since World War II, aircraft icing research has gained a great deal of momentum, and several branches of research have developed as a result. These branches include the experimental, analytical and computational methods. With the advent of high-speed computers, the computational methods are becoming the leading icing research area due to their low cost requirements. However, a significant hindrance is the lack of a complete understanding of the icing phenomena, which leads to discrepancies between the predictions and the …

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The Character Within The Actor: A Journey Through Myself To Find Manya, Carrie L. Witting May 2005

The Character Within The Actor: A Journey Through Myself To Find Manya, Carrie L. Witting

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The creation of the character Manya in Stephen Dykes' Kolonists required me to stop acting and begin living onstage. I have always perceived acting as a feat of doing or creating. I succumbed to a habit of falsely imitating reality and dwelled in the manufacturing of phony characters. Through a journey full of self discovery I find a character within the life I have already created: myself. Through the journey of my experiences in Kolonists, I am able to acknowledge these habits and personal misunderstandings, and encourage myself to stop imitating life onstage and allow myself to act as an …

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Multi-Agent Control And Operation Of Electric Power Distribution Systems, Amer Al-Hinai May 2005

Multi-Agent Control And Operation Of Electric Power Distribution Systems, Amer Al-Hinai

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation presents operation and control strategies for electric power distribution systems containing distributed generators. First, models of microturbines and fuel cells are developed. These dynamic models are incorporated in a power system analysis package. Second, operation of these generators in a distribution system is addressed and load following schemes are designed. The penetration of distributed generators (DGs) into the power distribution system stability becomes an issue and so the control of those DGs becomes necessary. A decentralized control structure based on conventional controllers is designed for distributed generators using a new developed optimization technique called Guided Particle Swarm Optimization. …

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Changing Religious Structures And Civil Society In Latin America: The Case Of Nicaragua, John G. Poffenbarger May 2005

Changing Religious Structures And Civil Society In Latin America: The Case Of Nicaragua, John G. Poffenbarger

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Two phenomena have been ongoing in Central America over the past 30 years. The first has been a change in the dominant religious structures in the region with the growth of Evangelical Protestantism and Pentecostalism, as well as ongoing changes within the Roman Catholic Church, such as the rise and fall of Progressive Catholicism. The other major phenomenon has been the establishment of democratic regimes across the isthmus. Putnam, Inglehart, Almond & Verba, among others, assert that for a democracy to flourish a vibrant civil society must be present. These scholars, along with Huntington, Weber, and Wald et al. believe …

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The Instructional Control Of Problem Solving: Emergent Relations And Blending Of Repertoires., Harold E. Lobo Jan 2005

The Instructional Control Of Problem Solving: Emergent Relations And Blending Of Repertoires., Harold E. Lobo

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study investigated the effects of strategic and tactical instructions on emergent stimulus relations. Sixteen female college students completed a linear-series baseline training with three potential equivalence classes of five members each. After successfully completing baseline training, participants completed repeated blocks of testing with probes for all possible emerging relations. Six participants performed below 70% correct on these probes. Three of these participants received subsequent training with a strategic instruction, whereas the remaining three participants were trained with tactical instructions. Afterwards, these six participants resumed repeated testing. Performance of participants who received the strategic instruction improved significantly, with correct responding …

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I. Development Of The West Virginia Dairy Quality Assurance Program, Daniel H. Poole Jan 2005

I. Development Of The West Virginia Dairy Quality Assurance Program, Daniel H. Poole

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Consumer confidence impacts agricultural markets. In response, many food industries have adopted cost-effective programs to reduce risk and offer third party verification of product quality. The purpose of this project was to implement the West Virginia Dairy Quality Assurance Program (WVDQAP) which promotes best management practices to produce high quality milk and meat products. This study surveyed dairy producers throughout the state, to establish the most effective method of program implementation. A manual was constructed and presented to producers at one of five meeting across the state. The manual focuses on the requirements a producer must follow to receive certification. …

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Art Interpretation: Constructing Meaning Through Poetic And Non-Verbal Responses., Lori A. Mcpherson Jan 2005

Art Interpretation: Constructing Meaning Through Poetic And Non-Verbal Responses., Lori A. Mcpherson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Critical inquiry and personal response models with regard to art interpretation are composed of many forms of activities and response exercises that are both poetic and non-verbal. Students have been responding to art using critical inquiry, but there has been relatively nothing written in regard to poetic expression and non-verbal responding in the teaching of art interpretation. This project will discuss how a poetic model (the use of figurative language to form ideas about constructing personal meaning in a work of art) and a non-verbal model (creating a visual response to exemplify meaning) work together in the construction of meaning. …

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Juvenile Delinquency And The Acceptance Of Offence-Specific Neutralizations., Jared Wharram Jan 2005

Juvenile Delinquency And The Acceptance Of Offence-Specific Neutralizations., Jared Wharram

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between offense-specific neutralizations and delinquency. Analysis of data from the final wave of the Evaluation of the Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) Program in the United States (1995-1999) reveals that youth are likely to accept neutralizations for behaviors they have committed. For example, when controlling for other variables theoretically linked to delinquency, neutralization of lying was found to be significantly associated with lying, while neutralization of stealing was found to be significantly associated with stealing and neutralization of violence was found to be significantly associated with violent behavior. The …

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An Attack-Resistant Approach To Vulnerability Scanner Design., David Phillip Shaver Jan 2005

An Attack-Resistant Approach To Vulnerability Scanner Design., David Phillip Shaver

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Vulnerability scanners are used to scan and detect known vulnerabilities in computer systems. An attacker can exploit these vulnerabilities to compromise the security of a system and potentially cause harm. Thus, it is vital to detect and repair any vulnerabilities that exist. Vulnerability scanners, however, are themselves susceptible to attack. If an attacker were to compromise a scanner, they could force it ignore the vulnerabilities of other systems. They could then compromise these other computers by exploiting the undetected vulnerabilities. Due to the importance of preventing such false positives in scan results, this research proposes a new approach to vulnerability …

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Manure From Grazing Cattle: Effects On Soil Microbial Communities And Soil Quality In Northern West Virginia Pastures., Yovita Sutanto Jan 2005

Manure From Grazing Cattle: Effects On Soil Microbial Communities And Soil Quality In Northern West Virginia Pastures., Yovita Sutanto

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Upland pastures in West Virginia receive low-input management. The effect of manure addition to upland pasture soils was measured with a variety of biological indicators such as soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), hot water extractable carbon (HWC), potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) and soil CO2 efflux. The effect of manure was found to be short-lived and most profound in soil surface Microbial diversity of pasture soil was examined using community level physiological profiles (CLPP) and molecular characterization of 16S ribosomal RNA genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Culture-independent and culture-dependent methods for molecular characterization of …

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Social Anxiety In College Students: The Interaction Of Parental Control And Proximity., Jennifer A. Chrystan Jan 2005

Social Anxiety In College Students: The Interaction Of Parental Control And Proximity., Jennifer A. Chrystan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between parental control and parental proximity as they influence social anxiety in young adults. Previous research has consistently demonstrated the positive relationship between parental control and social anxiety. However, studies that have examined the desirability of continued parental attachment (proximity) have resulted in a contradictory body of literature. It was hypothesized that two interaction terms, mother protection by mother proximity and father protection by father proximity, would significantly predict participants’ self-reported level of social anxiety after controlling for mother and father parenting variables. Specifically, it was hypothesized that among …

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Crisis Management: The Effective Use Of Image Restoration Strategies When An Organization/Individual Is Faced With A Crisis., Anthony Lewis Martin Jan 2005

Crisis Management: The Effective Use Of Image Restoration Strategies When An Organization/Individual Is Faced With A Crisis., Anthony Lewis Martin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This paper examines strategies and ethics in the field of public relations for establishing a reputation with key stakeholders of an organization. This paper also explores how a properly maintained reputation helps when a crisis erupts and what strategies are used when dealing with a crisis. The second half of this paper is a qualitative content analysis. The pilot study examines an entire year of New York newspaper coverage of The American Red Cross and controversies concerning funds they collected after the events that took place on September 11, 2001. The greater research examines evening television news coverage dealing with …

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Evaluation Of Quality Control Parameters For Superpave Hot Mix Asphalt, Thomas W. Adams Jan 2005

Evaluation Of Quality Control Parameters For Superpave Hot Mix Asphalt, Thomas W. Adams

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Quality control of Superpave hot mix asphalt has profound consequences for both the West Virginia Department of Highways (WVDOH) and the constructor who has placed the asphalt. The quality control procedure includes taking samples from the job site, and performing various tests so that certain volumetric parameters can be evaluated against a standard set of tolerances. WVDOH currently uses a statistically based quality control - quality assurance method, QC/QA.;The current QC/QA requirements used by the WVDOH for Superpave projects have not been statistically evaluated to establish the risk to the agency and constructor for either accepting an unsatisfactory material or …

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Analysis Of Aging Effects And Effectiveness Of Dewatering Treatment Methods On Acid Mine Drainage Sludge, Phanindra Kumar V. Kunderu Jan 2005

Analysis Of Aging Effects And Effectiveness Of Dewatering Treatment Methods On Acid Mine Drainage Sludge, Phanindra Kumar V. Kunderu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is produced when sulfide minerals in overburden are subjected to oxygen and water, and generally contains low pH, high acidity and high dissolved metal concentrations. Typically, active treatment of AMD involves the addition of a neutralizing reagent to raise the pH and precipitate the metals as their respective insoluble metal hydroxides. As a by-product of the active treatment of AMD, a large amount of sludge is generated. A site, established in Monongalia County, WV for the active treatment of AMD using ammonia and hydrogen peroxide, generated sludge consisting mainly of water with a total solids concentration …

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Amending Subsoil With Composted Poultry Litter: Effects On Soil Physical And Chemical Properties, Turfgrass Establishment And Weed Pressure, Mili Mandal Jan 2005

Amending Subsoil With Composted Poultry Litter: Effects On Soil Physical And Chemical Properties, Turfgrass Establishment And Weed Pressure, Mili Mandal

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Experiments were established in fall 2003 at West Virginia University to evaluate the effects of incorporation of composted poultry litter (CPL) on subsoil physical and chemical properties, Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa Pratensis L.) establishment, root depth, and weed pressure. Twenty cm of topsoil was removed and CPL was incorporated to a depth of 12.7 cm at 10%, 20%, and 40% v/v prior to seeding or sodding. Composted plots were compared to N-fertilized (454 Kg ha-1) and control plots. Positive linear increases in total water content (thetaT), organic matter, pH, and CEC were observed following compost incorporation with a decrease in …

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Effects Of Transitive Stimulus Generalization On Within -Sets Generalization And Between -Sets Generalization, Dana S. Siira Jan 2005

Effects Of Transitive Stimulus Generalization On Within -Sets Generalization And Between -Sets Generalization, Dana S. Siira

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of the study was to examine whether or not within-sets generalization (WSG) and between-sets generalization (BSG) are dependent on transitive stimulus generalization (TSG). A match-to-sample training procedure was used to train four typically developing five-year-old children to select stimuli from set A (fractions in ratio form) in the presence of stimuli from either set B or set C (fractions in picture form). The emergence of TSG, WSG, and BSG then was examined through presentations of stimuli involved in training and stimuli not involved in training.;Participants then were trained on the certain combinations of stimuli that were used to …

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Gallium Nitride Growth By Rf-Plasma Assisted Molecular Bean Epitaxy: Determination Of Surface Stoichiometry By Rheed-Traxs, Annealing Of Gallium Nitride:Beryllium And The Effects Of Active Nitrogen Species, Surface Polarity, And Excess Gallium-Overpressure On High Temperature Limits., Brenda Vanmil Jan 2005

Gallium Nitride Growth By Rf-Plasma Assisted Molecular Bean Epitaxy: Determination Of Surface Stoichiometry By Rheed-Traxs, Annealing Of Gallium Nitride:Beryllium And The Effects Of Active Nitrogen Species, Surface Polarity, And Excess Gallium-Overpressure On High Temperature Limits., Brenda Vanmil

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Growth of GaN by molecular beam epitaxy is ultimately limited by thermal decomposition. Factors influencing thermal decomposition are growth species (atomic versus metastable molecular nitrogen), surface polarity (N- vs. Ga-polar), the presence of atomic hydrogen and varying Ga-overpressure. Surface polarity and growth species are the predominant influence determining the onset of thermal decomposition. Decomposition for Ga-stable Ga-polar and N-polar growth both have the same activation energy as that observed for thermal decomposition of GaN in vacuum even though N-polar growth exhibits a significant decrease in thermal decomposition rate. Decomposition may be rate-limited by desorption of surface-adsorbed Ga. Improvement in electrical …

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Three Essays On The Impacts Of Land -Use Regulations And Land Development, Gi-Don An Jan 2005

Three Essays On The Impacts Of Land -Use Regulations And Land Development, Gi-Don An

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation is a collection of essays examining the effects of land-use regulations and redevelopment. The first chapter describes an overview of the Korean housing market.;Chapter 2 employs the stock-flow model in order to incorporate land-use regulation into the analysis. Future land supply can not only constrain housing construction but also affect the people's expectation. Land-use regulations can be incorporated into demand for housing as well as housing construction.;Chapter 3 investigates the impact of land-use regulations on housing market in the case of South Korea. The South Korean rapid income and population growth have produced a sharp increase in housing …

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Heating Ventilation And Air Conditioning Systems Condition Assessment Methodology, Anand Chandrashekaran Jan 2005

Heating Ventilation And Air Conditioning Systems Condition Assessment Methodology, Anand Chandrashekaran

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Facilities (equipment) renewal is assigned low priority due to insufficient budgets in universities, colleges, hospitals, and industries. Insufficient funds lead to postponement of major repairs and replacements of facilities. This lack of investments combined with deterioration of facilities increases the maintenance problem. When funds become available, replacement and repair maintenance projects are carried out, at the cost of the critical ones, due to lack of information on facilities conditions and deficiencies. Thereby developing a facilities condition assessment methodology with a prioritization technique will help in utilizing the available resources effectively. This assessment identifies the physical condition and maintenance deficiencies of …

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Integrating Visible, Near Infrared And Short Wave Infrared Hyperspectral And Multispectral Thermal Imagery For Geological Mapping At Cuprite, Nevada, Xianfeng Chen Jan 2005

Integrating Visible, Near Infrared And Short Wave Infrared Hyperspectral And Multispectral Thermal Imagery For Geological Mapping At Cuprite, Nevada, Xianfeng Chen

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Visible, near infrared (VNIR), and short wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral and thermal infrared (TIR) multispectral remote sensing have become potential tool for geological mapping. In this dissertation, a series of studies were carried out to investigate the potential impact of combining VNIR/SWIR hyperspectral and TIR multispectral data for surface geological mapping. First, a series of simulated data sets based on the characteristics of hyperspectral AVIRIS and multispectral TIR MASTER sensors was created from surface reflectance and emissivity library spectra. Five common used classification methods including minimum distance, maximum likelihood, spectral angle mapper (SAM), spectral feature fitting (SFF), and binary encoding …

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Child Abuse And Crime: Testing In The "Cycle Of Violence" Theory, Melanie A. Cox Jan 2005

Child Abuse And Crime: Testing In The "Cycle Of Violence" Theory, Melanie A. Cox

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study of Child Abuse and Neglect: Testing in the "Cycle of Violence" Theory, is a demonstration of Applied Social Research in partial fulfillment of a master's degree in Sociology. It examines the Cycle of Violence theory by looking at two groups of children: an abuse/neglect group and a control group. It tests the likelihood of the abuse/neglect group to commit a crime in adulthood i.e., property crime, person crime, or public morality; while controlling for race, sex and type of abuse. Also, the odds of gender and race of the children in the abuse/neglect group, becoming a criminal offender …

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Development Of A Transparent Indenter Measurement System And Indentation Analysis For Material Mechanical Property Evaluation, Chuanyu Feng Jan 2005

Development Of A Transparent Indenter Measurement System And Indentation Analysis For Material Mechanical Property Evaluation, Chuanyu Feng

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Since Tabor showed the application of the spherical indentation approach to obtain material post-yielding true stress-strain curves, the indentation technique has been investigated to determine mechanical properties besides hardness measurement. With the development of various thin film materials, depth-sensing indentation is often applied to evaluate mechanical properties of thin film materials. However, indentation testing is a complicated mechanical process and analytical solutions are difficult to obtain. As a result, much of the understanding of the indentation process has been acquired through experiments and finite element simulations. Thus accurate measurement of indentation parameters is critical in the determination of surface mechanical …

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