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Examination Of Novel Cardiac Mechanisms Influencing Mitochondrial Proteomes During Diabetes Mellitus, Walter Baseler Jan 2012

Examination Of Novel Cardiac Mechanisms Influencing Mitochondrial Proteomes During Diabetes Mellitus, Walter Baseler

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cardiac complications, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality within diabetes mellitus. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been suggested as an underlying factor in the initiation and progression of the pathology. Cardiac mitochondria are characterized as two spatially distinct subpopulations within the myocyte including mitochondria located beneath the sarcolemma, termed subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM), and those located between myofibrils, termed interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM). Mitochondrial subpopulations have been shown to respond differently to physiological and pathological stimuli with the IFM being the most impacted in a type 1 diabetic setting. Proteomic evaluations within various models of diabetes have highlighted dynamic …

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Discrete Wavelet Transform Analysis Of Surface Electromyography For The Objective Assessment Of Neck And Shoulder Muscle Fatigue, Suman Kanti Chowdhury Jan 2012

Discrete Wavelet Transform Analysis Of Surface Electromyography For The Objective Assessment Of Neck And Shoulder Muscle Fatigue, Suman Kanti Chowdhury

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Objective assessment of neuromuscular fatigue caused by sub-maximal repetitive exertions is essential for the early detection and prevention of risks of neck and shoulder musculoskeletal disorders. In recent years, discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) of surface electromyography (SEMG) has been used to evaluate muscle fatigue, especially during dynamic contractions when the SEMG signal is non-stationary. However, its application to neck muscle fatigue assessment is not well established. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish DWT analysis as a suitable method to conduct quantitative assessment of neck muscle fatigue caused by dynamic exertions. Ten human participants performed 40 minutes of …

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Production And Evaluation Of Novel Exogenous Phytase Enzymes Using Several Testing Variables, Ashley Marie Evans Jan 2012

Production And Evaluation Of Novel Exogenous Phytase Enzymes Using Several Testing Variables, Ashley Marie Evans

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Broiler chickens reared in the United States are mainly fed corn-soybean based diets. Most of the phosphorus in these diets is bound to a molecule called phytate; this source of phosphorus is unavailable to the bird because they lack adequate amount of endogenous phytase enzyme. Since the 1990's exogenous phytase enzymes have been incorporated in broiler diets to liberate the phytate-bound phosphorus. These enzymes must be able to resist thermal denaturation associated with pelleting and maintain high efficacy in the bird. Most of the literature focuses on single aspects of phytase efficacy. More specifically, experiments evaluate phytase based on either …

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Professionalization Of Personal Trainers In The Fitness Industry, Lara M. Foster Jan 2012

Professionalization Of Personal Trainers In The Fitness Industry, Lara M. Foster

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The fitness industry is a multi-million dollar business engaged with enhancing or changing the personal appearance of an individual; that is, what Goffman (1963) called with regard to the embodied self, occupations engaged in identity tinkering trades. The muscle and fitness industry's occupations are engaged in tinkering with ones physical identities (Tan & Brignole, 2012). Personal trainers have been acknowledged in social science literature as "customer service" representatives and "emotional laborers" in the fitness industry (Maguire, 2001). This research is a two-part qualitative study: first, I examine the actions, purpose, and roles of the personal fitness trainer and secondly, I …

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Improving Iris Recognition Through Quality And Interoperability Metrics, Nathan D. Kalka Jan 2012

Improving Iris Recognition Through Quality And Interoperability Metrics, Nathan D. Kalka

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The ability to identify individuals based on their iris is known as iris recognition. Over the past decade iris recognition has garnered much attention because of its strong performance in comparison with other mainstream biometrics such as fingerprint and face recognition. Performance of iris recognition systems is driven by application scenario requirements. Standoff distance, subject cooperation, underlying optics, and illumination are a few examples of these requirements which dictate the nature of images an iris recognition system has to process. Traditional iris recognition systems, dubbed "stop and stare", operate under highly constrained conditions. This ensures that the captured image is …

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Rescue Of Inherited Retinal Degeneration Associated With Aipl1 Defects, Cristy Ann Ku Jan 2012

Rescue Of Inherited Retinal Degeneration Associated With Aipl1 Defects, Cristy Ann Ku

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Since groundbreaking clinical trials treating Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) patients with retinal pigmented epithelium-specific 65 kDa protein (Rpe65) defects, which were the most successful gene therapy studies to date, much effort has been put into finding other candidate genes associated with inherited retinal degeneration to treat. Animal models with Rpe65 defects demonstrate an unusual circumstance that greatly favors treatment, where dramatic vision loss is disproportionately greater than the ensuing slow photoreceptor degeneration. This pattern is also believed to occur in Rpe65-LCA patients, and stems from the primary defect in retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells that subsequently perturbs photoreceptors. However, a …

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Discrimination Of Temporally Remote Causal Relations By Pigeons: Effects Of Signals That Mediate The Temporal Gaps, Toshikazu Kuroda Jan 2012

Discrimination Of Temporally Remote Causal Relations By Pigeons: Effects Of Signals That Mediate The Temporal Gaps, Toshikazu Kuroda

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The discriminative effect of the response-reinforcer relation may contribute to the change in response rates that occur when reinforcement is delayed. The present study investigated this possibility using a discrete-trials conditional discrimination procedure. Each trial began with a sample component where a variable-interval schedule was assigned either to a left or right key. The key peck that ended the schedule, which served as the sample response, in different conditions initiated delays with a signal fully mediating the delay interval, delays with a signal present only during the first second of the interval, or delays with the absence of signal. The …

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Potential Inhibitors And Sources Of Error In The Measurement Of Travertine Precipitation Rates In A Karst Stream Influenced By Thermal Mineral Waters, Johnathan E. Moore Jan 2012

Potential Inhibitors And Sources Of Error In The Measurement Of Travertine Precipitation Rates In A Karst Stream Influenced By Thermal Mineral Waters, Johnathan E. Moore

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Precipitation rates for travertine have been studied in many natural settings and compared to theoretical calcite (CaCO3) precipitation rates; in most studies, the emphasis is placed on the degassing of CO 2 as the primary controlling mechanism. Little research has been done in natural settings to evaluate precipitate composition, rates of precipitation, and the role of potential inhibitors of calcite growth. This study addresses these questions in a Sweet Springs Creek, West Virginia-Virginia: a karst stream fed partly by thermal mineral waters with high CO2. For this study, travertine plates were deployed to measure the accretion of precipitates in the …

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Modeling And Analysis Of Gan/Ingan Light Emitting Diodes, Srinitya Musunuru Jan 2012

Modeling And Analysis Of Gan/Ingan Light Emitting Diodes, Srinitya Musunuru

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

GaN based optoelectronic devices have had significant impact in solid state lighting. Developing efficient light emitting diodes has been of great research interest in recent years. Electrical modeling of light emitting diodes is now gaining its importance with the development of TCAD tools to have a better understanding of the device structure and to have cost reduction associated with the material and labor.;In this thesis a TCAD model for our device has been developed with the finite element analysis TCAD tool sentaurus from synopsys. The developed model has been validated to the experimental results. The electrical characteristics of the device …

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Experimental Emissions And Fuel Economy Analysis Of A Diesel Engine Operating On Vegetable Oil, Robert F. Minehart Iii Jan 2012

Experimental Emissions And Fuel Economy Analysis Of A Diesel Engine Operating On Vegetable Oil, Robert F. Minehart Iii

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Plant based oils or vegetable oils (VO) may be an alternate fuel to diesel for heavy duty diesel applications. The object of this study was to compare the emissions and fuel economy of a diesel engine operated on both diesel fuel and VO. This was achieved by experimentally comparing the soot and gaseous exhaust emissions from a diesel engine that was operated on both VO and diesel fuel. A 1.9L GM/Vauxhall diesel engine was mounted on an Eaton 225 HP AC Engine Dynamometer. The engine's soot production output was measured using an AVL 483 Micro Soot Sensor and the gaseous …

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Soil And Slope Stability Study Of Geomorphic Landform Profiles Versus Approximate Original Contour For Valley Fill Designs, Harold Russell Jan 2012

Soil And Slope Stability Study Of Geomorphic Landform Profiles Versus Approximate Original Contour For Valley Fill Designs, Harold Russell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This report presents the findings of geotechnical testing on two material types retrieved from a surface mine site in Logan County, West Virginia, and investigates geomorphic landform design as an alternative in lieu of typical valley fill design and approximate original contour (AOC) surface mine reclamation design. Laboratory testing was carried out according to ASTM standard test methods. The scope of the testing performed involved grain size distribution analysis, hydrometer analysis, saturated shear strength testing under an insitu consolidation load, Atterberg limits including plastic and liquid limits, compaction at three predetermined compaction energies, and rigid wall permeameter hydraulic conductivity testing. …

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A Comparison Of Airway Dimensions Among Different Skeletal Craniofacial Patterns, Ronnie J. Sparks Jan 2012

A Comparison Of Airway Dimensions Among Different Skeletal Craniofacial Patterns, Ronnie J. Sparks

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background and Objectives: Much attention has been given to the association of craniofacial skeletal morphology, upper airway dimension, and respiratory function with patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnea. However, much of the information gathered on the aforementioned has been established with the use of 2-Dimensional lateral cephalometry. The objective of this study was to investigate upper airway dimensions among different skeletal patterns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: A sample of 279 patients who seught orthodontic treatment at the University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Dentistry Department of Orthodontics was included in this study. Pre-treatment multi-slice CBCT scans of …

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The Integration Of Geomorphic Design Into West Virginia Surface Mine Reclamation, Alison E. Sears Jan 2012

The Integration Of Geomorphic Design Into West Virginia Surface Mine Reclamation, Alison E. Sears

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Approximately 40% of operating mines in West Virginia are surface mines, producing around 50 million tons of coal each year. Federal regulations that have been designed to control environmental impacts associated with surface mining are becoming increasingly stringent. The West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection (WVDEP) Division of Mining and Reclamation and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently have delayed or temporarily suspended surface mining permits because of the implementation of more rigorous standards relating to reclamation and post-mining land use. As the demand for energy continues to increase, there is a need to find an alternative to …

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Evaluation Of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy And A Standard Parenting Program Within A Women's State Prison Facility, Ashley B. Tempel Jan 2012

Evaluation Of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy And A Standard Parenting Program Within A Women's State Prison Facility, Ashley B. Tempel

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A majority of inmates in state and federal prisons across the U.S. have been reported to be parents of minors (Glaze & Maruschak, 2008). It is estimated that twice as many American children (i.e., 2% or over 1.7 million) compared to children of other industrialized countries have incarcerated parents (Murray, 2007). Approximately 336, 000 households with minor children are believed to be directly affected by parental imprisonment (Mumola, 2000). Parent training provided through correctional programming has potential to impact a large number of American families that are affected by parental incarceration. However, correctional parenting programs often vary across facilities and …

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Coal Liquefaction Process Development, Christopher L. Yurchick Jan 2012

Coal Liquefaction Process Development, Christopher L. Yurchick

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The traditional method of liquefying coal operates at extreme conditions consisting of hydrogen pressures of over 2000 pounds per square inch and temperatures of over 450°C. The elevated hydrogen pressure is necessary to hydrogenate the reaction mixture and liquefy the coal molecules. As a result, the processing equipment is very expensive and safety is a major concern. The coal liquefaction process invented at West Virginia University does not use hydrogen overpressure and operates below 500 pounds per square inch. The WVU process has produced 4500 pounds of cleaned de-ashed coal extract referred to as centrate. The centrate was processed into …

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Family Relationship Analysis In Photos, Xiaolong Wang Jan 2012

Family Relationship Analysis In Photos, Xiaolong Wang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Family relationship analysis has many potential applications, ranging from homeland security through to image search and social activity analysis. In our work, we present five computational problems for family relationship analysis in face photos. Studying these challenging problems is important and useful for semantic image understanding and social context extraction. In our study, the familial traits are learned from pairs of salient local facial parts using discriminative approaches. It is motivated by human perception studies on kinship recognition and the existence of familial traits through genetic inheritance. Second, kinship verification is performed on a pair of faces by integrating the …

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A Study Of The Relationship Between Perceived School Culture And Reading Academic Achievement In The Special Education Subgroup At Selected West Virginia Middle Schools., Daton Nacha Dean Jan 2012

A Study Of The Relationship Between Perceived School Culture And Reading Academic Achievement In The Special Education Subgroup At Selected West Virginia Middle Schools., Daton Nacha Dean

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine if a relationship existed between school culture as perceived by teachers and administrators and reading academic achievement in the special education subgroup reading achievement as measured by the 2004-05, 2005-06, 2006- 07, and 2007-08 West Virginia Educational Standards Test (WESTEST) in selected West Virginia middle schools. To determine if a relationship existed, teachers and principals at participating middle schools took the School Culture Survey (SCS). One conclusion of this study was that the school culture of the four participating West Virginia middle schools as perceived by teachers and principals was primarily …

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Evaluation Of A Protocol To Diagnose Chronic Kidney Disease Using The Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiatives (Kdoqi) Guideline: Evaluation, Classification, And Stratification (Ecs)., Sandra L. Cotton Jan 2012

Evaluation Of A Protocol To Diagnose Chronic Kidney Disease Using The Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiatives (Kdoqi) Guideline: Evaluation, Classification, And Stratification (Ecs)., Sandra L. Cotton

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem in West Virginia. Primary care of CKD is suboptimal. Clinical practice guideline (CPG) usage could improve care, but CPG adoption is difficult. The Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiatives (KDOQI) outlines CKD prevention and management. The primary goal of this project was to evaluate methods to increase KDOQI CPG adoption to enhance CKD diagnosis and staging in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), the leading cause of kidney disease. Secondary goals included increasing provider knowledge and project satisfaction. Using a quasi-experimental, one group pretest/posttest design, the KDOQI CPG, an overview of CKD care, …

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The Monongalia County Court House Mural: Blanche Lazzell And The Public Works Of Art Project In Morgantown, West Virginia, Kendall Joy Martin Jan 2012

The Monongalia County Court House Mural: Blanche Lazzell And The Public Works Of Art Project In Morgantown, West Virginia, Kendall Joy Martin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Blanche Lazzell (1878-1956), a native of West Virginia and graduate of West Virginia University, was an early practitioner of Modern art in America. Lazzell was employed by the government-sponsored Public Works of Art Project (PWAP) in 1934 in Morgantown, West Virginia. During her time with the program, Lazzell completed three wood-block prints and painted Justice, a mural for the Monongalia County Courthouse. This thesis examines Lazzell’s courthouse mural and discusses Lazzell’s selection of three themes, education, religion, and industry, and why they are significant to the Morgantown area. This thesis demonstrates that although the PWAP stipulated that there was to …

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Glycan Characterization And Manipulation Using Phospholipid Additives For Capillary Electrophoresis, Stephanie A. Archer-Hartmann Jan 2012

Glycan Characterization And Manipulation Using Phospholipid Additives For Capillary Electrophoresis, Stephanie A. Archer-Hartmann

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Protein glycosylation is of interest in a number of emerging fields, and plays important functional roles in cellular biology. The analysis of these molecules is nontrivial because they exhibit great complexity in both monomer makeup and linkages of these monomers. As a result, a common challenge that analytical techniques face is the separation of linkage glycan isomers. This dissertation is based on the research leading to the development of a phospholipid-capillary electrophoresis method that allows for highly efficient separations and the non-covalent incorporation of enzymes and lectins for in-capillary interactions. Glycans were removed from glycoproteins through enzymatic means, then labeled …

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Patient Preferences For Benefits And Risks Associated With Disease Modifying Drugs In Multiple Sclerosis, Abhijeet J. Bhanegaonkar Jan 2012

Patient Preferences For Benefits And Risks Associated With Disease Modifying Drugs In Multiple Sclerosis, Abhijeet J. Bhanegaonkar

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating neurological disorder with no known cure. Disease modifying drugs (DMDs) used in the treatment of MS reduce the frequency relapses and delay the progression of the disease. Although DMD therapy is the mainstay of treatment of MS, it is associated with variety of side effects and severe adverse events. A majority of currently available DMDs are injectable, except one which is available in the pill form. Therapeutic decisions in MS are challenging due to the inconvenience of administration, frequency of administration, longer duration of therapy, side effects, and risk of adverse events …

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Multispectral Scleral Patterns For Ocular Biometric Recognition, Simona G. Crihalmeanu Jan 2012

Multispectral Scleral Patterns For Ocular Biometric Recognition, Simona G. Crihalmeanu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Biometrics is the science of recognizing people based on their physical or behavioral traits such as face, fingerprints, iris, and voice. Among the various traits studied in the literature, ocular biometrics has gained popularity due to the significant progress made in iris recognition. However, iris recognition is unfavorably influenced by the non-frontal gaze direction of the eye with respect to the acquisition device. In such scenarios, additional parts of the eye, such as the sclera (the white of the eye) may be of significance. In this dissertation, we investigate the use of the sclera texture and the vasculature patterns evident …

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Iris Indexing And Ear Classification, Ravindra B. Gadde Jan 2012

Iris Indexing And Ear Classification, Ravindra B. Gadde

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

To identify an individual using a biometric system, the input biometric data has to be typically compared against that of each and every identity in the existing database during the matching stage. The response time of the system increases with the increase in number of individuals (i.e., database size), which is not acceptable in real time monitoring or when working on large scale data. This thesis addresses the problem of reducing the number of database candidates to be considered during matching in the context of iris and ear recognition. In the case of iris, an indexing mechanism based on Burrows …

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Adolescent Autonomy Development And Problematic Eating Patterns, Kaitlyn A. Ferris Jan 2012

Adolescent Autonomy Development And Problematic Eating Patterns, Kaitlyn A. Ferris

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Adolescence is a developmental time period associated with increased autonomy from parents and more independent decision-making. Adolescents strive to control areas of their life once solely controlled by parents, and food and eating decisions are two areas over which adolescents may want to have sole control. In addition, there may be heterogeneity in adolescents' beliefs about food-related behavior as well as adolescents' actual eating patterns. The current study examined parents' and adolescents' domain beliefs about food and whether adolescents' domain beliefs about such behaviors were associated with problematic eating patterns. Participants included 102 female caregiver-adolescent dyads with children between the …

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Three Essays On The Political Economy Of Public Finance, Adam J. Hoffer Jan 2012

Three Essays On The Political Economy Of Public Finance, Adam J. Hoffer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation consists of three essays which examine the role political economy factors play in influencing state-level public finance in the United States. In Chapter 1, I introduce the economic logic explaining why political economy factors affect public finance. I then give a brief summary of the three essays presented in Chapters 2-4. Chapter 2 investigates the role tobacco special-interest groups, state ideology, and a number of public finance variables play in determining the state cigarette tax rate. Chapter 3 introduces a new methodology, using spatial econometrics, to investigate tax competition in cigarette tax rates. Chapter 4 examines the disparity …

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Foreign Christian Influence In Developing World Domestic Social Policy, William Harrison Jan 2012

Foreign Christian Influence In Developing World Domestic Social Policy, William Harrison

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

There is a debate going on in the United States today about where our culture is headed. In the United States and much of the West, society is becoming more liberal on issues such as gay rights and abortion. In countries of the developing in Africa and Latin America there has also been a debate about these issues. This is in part fueled by Christian groups coming from outside of the countries of the developing world who are attempting to export the Culture Wars of the West to the developing world. This paper theorizes that foreign Christian groups have a …

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Guided Wave Resonant Optical Structures And Led Micro Resonators For Biosensing Applications, Rohit Goswami Jan 2012

Guided Wave Resonant Optical Structures And Led Micro Resonators For Biosensing Applications, Rohit Goswami

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Integrated opto-electronic and nanophotonic devices for sensing application in the fields of medicine, microbiology, environmental, safety and defense have attracted considerable attention due to their potential for achieving greater compactness, shorter response times and higher sensitivities as compared to non-optical sensing systems. Optical cavity resonant devices such as Fabry--Perot interferometers have been extensively used in lasing applications and optical sensing has been accomplished through many similar technologies.;Fiber optic and planar waveguide based resonant devices which use evanescent waves for detection of refractive index changes are one of the most widely used approaches for photonic sensors. In this work we investigate …

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Avoidance Of Timeout From Response-Independent Schedules Of Food Or Sucrose Water With And Without A Limited Hold On Consumption, August F. Holtyn Jan 2012

Avoidance Of Timeout From Response-Independent Schedules Of Food Or Sucrose Water With And Without A Limited Hold On Consumption, August F. Holtyn

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Research on the relative aversiveness of timeout from lean and rich schedules of food delivery has yielded discrepant findings. Some research has shown that a lean schedule maintains higher avoidance response rates than a rich schedule (Thomas, 1964, 1965b; van Haaren & Anderson, 1998)---suggesting that timeout from a lean schedule is more aversive than timeout from a rich schedule---while other research has shown the opposite (D'Andrea, 1971; Richardson & Baron, 2008). The present study was based on the notion that the conflicting results may have arisen from differences in procedural details that influenced the effect of the food schedules on …

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Durability Model Of Sofc Anode Structure Under Thermo-Mechanical And Fuel Gas Contaminants Effects, Gulfam Iqbal Jan 2012

Durability Model Of Sofc Anode Structure Under Thermo-Mechanical And Fuel Gas Contaminants Effects, Gulfam Iqbal

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) operate under harsh environments, which cause the deterioration of anode material properties and reduce their service life. In addition to electrochemical performance, structural integrity of the SOFC anode is essential for successful long-term operation. Anode-supported SOFCs rely on the anode to provide mechanical strength to the positive-electrolyte-negative (PEN) structure. The stress field in the anode may arise from a variety of phenomena including thermal expansion mismatch between layers in the PEN structure, thermal/redox cycles and external mechanical loads. Moreover, some fuel contaminants such as phosphine (PH3) interact with the anode materials which lead to the …

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Temporal Patterns Of Gene Expression In The Mntb During Calyx Of Held Development, Douglas Richard Kolson Jan 2012

Temporal Patterns Of Gene Expression In The Mntb During Calyx Of Held Development, Douglas Richard Kolson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Brain development is inextricably linked to changes in gene expression. Providing insight into the mechanisms controlling these complex events is a current challenge in neuroscience. Neurons in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) receive large specialized glutamatergic nerve terminals, the calyces of Held, which grow very quickly between postnatal day 2 (P2) and P4. Through both quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and microarray analysis, we examined the gene expression over time for a select group of voltage-gated potassium channels controlling ion channel function and composition to finely tune their biophysical properties. Low threshold activated potassium channels subunits Kv1.1 (Kcna1) …

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