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Assessment Of West Virginia Public Healthcare Professionals' Knowledge, Attitudes And Behaviors Regarding Of The Oral Implications Of Hpv Following An Educational Presentation, Renee Cooper-Frantz Jan 2014

Assessment Of West Virginia Public Healthcare Professionals' Knowledge, Attitudes And Behaviors Regarding Of The Oral Implications Of Hpv Following An Educational Presentation, Renee Cooper-Frantz

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Human Papillomavirus (HPV), the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States, was firmly linked to a new subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC's) in late 2007. With growing rates of West Virginians affected by HPV-related oral cancers it becomes pertinent to verify that public healthcare professionals of all disciplines are aware of this causal relationship and educating their patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge level, attitudes and behaviors of a convenience sample of West Virginia's public healthcare professionals regarding the oral implications of HPV before and after and educational presentation. A pre- …

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Advanced Doc-Dpf Model To Predict Soot Accumulation And Pressure Drop In Diesel Particulate Filters, Alessandro Cozzolini Jan 2014

Advanced Doc-Dpf Model To Predict Soot Accumulation And Pressure Drop In Diesel Particulate Filters, Alessandro Cozzolini

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) are regarded as the most effective technology to reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions from modern diesel engines. PM mass collected inside the filter needs to be periodically oxidized to clean the porous walls in order to avoid excessive backpressure that could negatively affect engine and turbocharger performances leading to higher fuel consumption. Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOCs), on the other hand, represent an effective means to reduce hydrocarbon (HC) emissions and set the proper chemical conditions at the inlet of the DPF to enhance soot oxidation during filter regeneration. Due to the impact that these devices have …

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Numerical Modeling Of Inertial Flows In Proppant-Reservoir Rock Interfaces, Abdulla Alkaabi Jan 2014

Numerical Modeling Of Inertial Flows In Proppant-Reservoir Rock Interfaces, Abdulla Alkaabi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Predicting accurate pressure drops in the reservoirs is essential for estimating the ultimate hydrocarbons recoveries and production rates. In hydraulically fractured wells, inertial flows can cause excessive pressure drops, beyond the predicted values form the Darcy equation. Therefore, predicting these excessive pressure drops through defining non-Darcy factors is of particular significance.;Excessive pressure drops in inertial flows are caused by acceleration/deceleration of fluids, which usually occur when fluids are moving from constricted areas to larger pores and vice versa. In the interface between the propped fracture and the reservoir rock, the pores in the latter are in connection with the former …

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Application Of A Spatially Explicit, Agent-Based Land Use Conversion Model To Assess Water Quality Outcomes Under Buffer Policies, Nazia N. Arbab Jan 2014

Application Of A Spatially Explicit, Agent-Based Land Use Conversion Model To Assess Water Quality Outcomes Under Buffer Policies, Nazia N. Arbab

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Land use changes within watersheds have spatially explicit dynamics and involve decision making by individuals. The role of the spatial dimension of human behavior and its impact on land use change has been analyzed using agent-based modelling approaches. Agent-based land use change has received a significant theoretical attention; however, these models lack empirical implementation and testing due to the lack of spatial modelling tools and data that can capture human land use dynamics.;This research presents a methodology for projecting land use conversions through the implementation of a spatially explicit agent-based simulation model in the Opequon Creek watershed of Berkeley County, …

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Impact Of Gas Desorption On Production Behavior Of Shale Gas, Fatemeh Belyadi Jan 2014

Impact Of Gas Desorption On Production Behavior Of Shale Gas, Fatemeh Belyadi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Ultimate recovery in an unconventional gas reservoirs is typically less than conventional gas reservoirs because the adsorbed gas is not consistently taken into consideration. As a result, it is important to study the effect of desorption on production behavior to improve the recovery of hydraulically fractured horizontal wells in shale gas reservoirs.;This dissertation summarizes the results of modeling study to evaluate the impact of gas desorption on production behavior of multi-fracture horizontal well completed in a shale formation. A numerical simulator was utilized to model a multi-layer dual porosity shale gas reservoir. The impact of the formation properties, hydraulic fracture …

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A Bayesian Approach To Electrical Conductivity Relaxation And Isotope Exchangesecondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, Joshua Blair Jan 2014

A Bayesian Approach To Electrical Conductivity Relaxation And Isotope Exchangesecondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, Joshua Blair

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In this work, data from isotope exchange - secondary ion mass spectrometry (IE-SIMS) and electrical conductivity relaxation (ECR) experiments are analyzed using a purely Bayesian approach. The new technique allows quantification of the uncertainty associated with fitting two parameters (the surface exchange coefficient, k, and the bulk diffusion coefficient, D) to a single reaction-diffusion model. The behavior and reliability of the technique is analyzed by considering an idealized data set, where the parameters of interest are pre-defined. The associated MCMC routine finds the parameter location in less than 5,000 samples, despite the starting point being 8 orders of magnitude away. …

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Evaluation Of Primary Stability In Bovine Ribs Following A Correction In Placement Depth, Matthew Bobbera Jan 2014

Evaluation Of Primary Stability In Bovine Ribs Following A Correction In Placement Depth, Matthew Bobbera

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

For an implant to be successfully loaded at the time of placement it must have a certain degree of initial stability. While many factors have been shown to influence primary stability, this study aims to examine the effect of positional change on implant stability. 18 Straumann dental implants (16 Standard plus SLA active 3.3mm RN implants, 1 Standard plus SLA 3.3 mm RN implant, and 1 SLActive 4.1 mm RC bone level implant) were placed into two bovine ribs. Implants were divided into two groups with nine in each group and were either backed out or advanced. The primary stability …

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Stray Gas Occurrences In Groundwater In Randolph County, West Virginia, Usa, Lindsey J. Bowman Jan 2014

Stray Gas Occurrences In Groundwater In Randolph County, West Virginia, Usa, Lindsey J. Bowman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Stray gas in groundwater is a rising health and safety concern and previous research has documented the enhancement of deep fluid migration to shallow aquifers by shale gas activity. However, stray gas can be generated or migrate naturally into shallow aquifers and more research is needed to establish baseline conditions prior to energy development in a region. A previous survey of groundwater in central West Virginia revealed that some high stray gas concentrations in groundwater wells could possibly be related to coal mining or oil and gas development (Mulder 2012). However, a few wells in Randolph County had high levels …

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Mechanical Stratigraphy Of The Utica Shale, Eastern New York State, John Brockman Jan 2014

Mechanical Stratigraphy Of The Utica Shale, Eastern New York State, John Brockman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The mechanical stratigraphy of the Upper Ordovician Utica Shale is characterized by studying outcrops and core located in Montgomery County, eastern New York State. Previous studies of the Utica Shale in New York State have focused on characterizing fracture orientations, distinguishing fracture generations, and establishing a relationship between fracture density and proximity to faults, but fractures in outcrops of the Utica Shale have not been studied in the context of mechanical stratigraphy. The composition, sedimentary texture, strength, and thickness of individual beds within the Flat Creek Shale and Dolgeville Formation are studied to better understand the nature of fracture propagation …

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Taxonomy Of The Allium Cernuum Complex In Appalachia, Rodney David Dever Jan 2014

Taxonomy Of The Allium Cernuum Complex In Appalachia, Rodney David Dever

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study incorporates morphological, anatomical, common garden and breeding system research to investigate whether Allium allegheniense and A. oxyphilum merit species status distinct from A. cernuum. Herbarium label information was recorded for 1,065 specimens and twelve quantitative and qualitative morphological traits were analyzed using univariate and multivariate techniques. The number and arrangement of scape vascular bundles was observed from nine populations (three from each species). Scapes were sectioned freehand, stained, and examined via light microscopy.;Forty-five plants of the Allium cernuum complex were collected in West Virginia and North Carolina for a common garden study to observe trait variation and phenology. …

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On The Optimization Of Co2-Eor Process Using Surrogate Reservoir Model, Vida Gholami Jan 2014

On The Optimization Of Co2-Eor Process Using Surrogate Reservoir Model, Vida Gholami

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

CO2-EOR projects are becoming increasingly popular. Since enhanced recovery processes are applied to the mature fields, it usually involves a large number of wells. While the large number of wells leads to a better geological model, it results in very large flow models that are hard to manage, history match, and use as an optimization base. Nevertheless, injection-production optimization remains the core of all modeling efforts in CO2-EOR projects.;The objective of this work is to investigate the feasibility of using state-of-the-art data-driven proxy models to facilitate injection-production optimization in a CO2-EOR process. The use of coupled grid-based---SRM G and well-based---SRMW …

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Mau Mau Crucible Of War: Statehood, National Identity And Politics In Postcolonial Kenya, Nicholas Kariuki Githuku Jan 2014

Mau Mau Crucible Of War: Statehood, National Identity And Politics In Postcolonial Kenya, Nicholas Kariuki Githuku

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The postcolonial African state has been the subject of extensive study and scrutiny by various scholars of great repute such as Colin Legum, Crawford Young, Robert H. Jackson and Carl G. Rosberg, Pierre Englebert and Jean-Francois Bayart to name but a few. Crawford Young's work is especially interesting because of the manner in which he treats the process of state formation. Crawford Young traces the process to the early beginning of European colonization and focuses on the legacy of the colonial state after independence. Colonial appendages of old European states were, for some metropolises, no longer economically viable or sustainable …

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A Content Analysis Of Celebrity-Endorsed Cosmetic Products In Fashion Magazines, Caroline Szwed Jan 2014

A Content Analysis Of Celebrity-Endorsed Cosmetic Products In Fashion Magazines, Caroline Szwed

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

While there have been many studies examining celebrity-endorsed advertisements, few have studied the relationship between race and ethnicity and body types found in celebrity-endorsed advertisements. A sample of 265 celebrity-endorsed advertisements was collected from both Cosmopolitan and ELLE magazine during the first quarter of the year (January, February, March) between 2008-2013. A content analysis was constructed in order to determine the race and ethnicity of each celebrity found in the advertisement as well as their body type. The results suggest that there has been a tendency to use non-minority celebrities in celebrity-endorsed advertisements than non-minority celebrities. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate …

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Immunization Reminder For Caregivers Of Young Children, Jessica Scritchfield Wooten Jan 2014

Immunization Reminder For Caregivers Of Young Children, Jessica Scritchfield Wooten

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background: Vaccines are one of the most successful and easily accessible prevention tools available to clinical practitioners in the United States. Falling levels of immunity in the entire population amplify concern for increases in preventable childhood diseases, making improving vaccination rates an important goal for current clinical practitioners (Omer et al., 2009).;Purpose: The purpose of this intervention was to increase the percentage of vaccinated children 0-6 years of age by sending a reminder letter to parent/guardians of children who are unvaccinated and under-vaccinated per the CDC's current immunization recommendations at a rural health center in West Virginia.;Project: The project plan …

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Human Recognition From Video Sequences And Off-Angle Face Images Supported By Respiration Signatures, Xue Yang Jan 2014

Human Recognition From Video Sequences And Off-Angle Face Images Supported By Respiration Signatures, Xue Yang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In this work, we study the problem of human identity recognition using human respiratory waveforms extracted from videos combined with component-based off- angle human facial images. Our proposed system is composed of (i) a physiology- based human clustering module and (ii) an identification module based on facial features (nose, mouth, etc.) fetched from face videos. In our proposed methodology we, first, manage to passively extract an important vital sign (breath), cluster human subjects into nostril motion vs. nostril non-motion groups, and, then, localize a set of facial features, before we apply feature extraction and matching.;Our novel human identity recognition system …

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Application Of Neural Network-Support Vector Technique To Forecast U.S. Unemployment Rate, Azadeh Ansari Jan 2014

Application Of Neural Network-Support Vector Technique To Forecast U.S. Unemployment Rate, Azadeh Ansari

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This research utilized five economic factors; 1) Consumer Price Index, 2) Return on Treasury Securities, 3) Total Nonfarm payroll, 4) Jobless Claims Filed, and 5) Stand & Poor 500 index to predict US unemployment rate. Historical time series data was obtained from the Economic Research web site of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis and other finance web site.;Multiple Linear Regression, Back Propagation Algorithm, and Support Vector Regression techniques were utilized to predict US unemployment rate. Based on Mean Squared Error and adjusted R2 values, the Support Vector Regression technique provided superior results for the given dataset. Future US …

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Sport Psychology "App"Lication: Ncaa Coaches' Preferences For A Mental Training Mobile App, Raymond F. Prior Jan 2014

Sport Psychology "App"Lication: Ncaa Coaches' Preferences For A Mental Training Mobile App, Raymond F. Prior

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study utilized a consumer marketing approach to investigate National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) head coaches' preferences for a mental training mobile application (mobile map) using a conjoint market analysis. Head coaches' preferences for a mental training mobile app were compared based on price, ability to track athlete use of the app, recommendation sources, the inclusion of daily functions, coaches' awareness of the app being used by other teams, and the credibility of the mobile app content creators. Price and tracking athlete use were the two most important characteristics to coaches. Considering all characteristics, coaches preferred mobile apps that cost …

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Development Of A Mechanical Vapor-Compression Distiller Incorporating Concentrated Solar Power, Garrett Tyler Rinker Jan 2014

Development Of A Mechanical Vapor-Compression Distiller Incorporating Concentrated Solar Power, Garrett Tyler Rinker

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The demand for a reliable energy supply has promoted the development of the Marcellus Shale gas industry in the past few years. However, the produced water from hydraulic fracturing (also known as fracking) poses a hazard to human and environmental health because of its dissolved solid, hydrocarbon, and heavy metal content. This research proposes to develop a portable solar power assisted water distiller which can process produced water on-site for natural gas wells.;The distillation technology developed is a small scale mechanical vapor-compression (MVC) distillation unit. The thermal energy for the evaporation of the water is provided by the solar energy, …

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Instrument Comparison For Aerosolized Titanium Dioxide, Anand Ranpara Jan 2014

Instrument Comparison For Aerosolized Titanium Dioxide, Anand Ranpara

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Recent toxicological studies have shown that the surface area of ultrafine particles (UFP i.e., particles with diameters less than 0.1 micrometer) has a stronger correlation with adverse health effects than does mass of these particles. Ultrafine titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles are widely used in industry, and their use is associated with adverse health outcomes, such as micro vascular dysfunctions and pulmonary damages.;The primary aim of this experimental study was to compare a variety of laboratory and industrial hygiene (IH) field study instruments all measuring the same aerosolized TiO2. The study also observed intra-instrument variability between measurements made by two apparently …

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The Relation Of Stress And Coping To Psychosocial Outcomes In Pediatric Burn Survivors, Paul T. Enlow Jan 2014

The Relation Of Stress And Coping To Psychosocial Outcomes In Pediatric Burn Survivors, Paul T. Enlow

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Stress and coping are important predictor of psychosocial functioning in both healthy and chronically ill populations. However, no studies have investigated the relation of stressors and coping to psychosocial functioning in pediatric burn survivors. Stress consists of major life events (e.g. death of a family member) and daily hassles (e.g. receiving a speeding ticket). Results from previous studies found that stress was related to positive and negative psychosocial functioning. Coping, on the other hand, is a response that aims to combat the stressor and promote positive adjustment. Past studies have shown that the impact of stress may be moderated by …

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Pausing Of Children During Signaled And Unsignaled Transitions, Apral P. Foreman Jan 2014

Pausing Of Children During Signaled And Unsignaled Transitions, Apral P. Foreman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

We evaluated effects of signaled and unsignaled transitions between reinforcement schedules on pausing and run rates of academic responding and rate and duration of problem behavior for four children who engaged in chronic and severe problem behavior. Children completed an academic task on a computer program to earn access to brief video clips. Lean (more responses and short videos) and rich (few responses and long videos) reinforcement schedules were alternated within each session, creating four transition types: lean-to-lean, lean-to-rich, rich-to-rich, and rich-to-lean. Pausing was measured as the latency to initiate the first response of a reinforcement schedule. Run rates were …

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Experimental Evaluation Of Non-Composite Shallow Press-Brake-Formed Steel Tub Girders, Lindsay T. Kelly Jan 2014

Experimental Evaluation Of Non-Composite Shallow Press-Brake-Formed Steel Tub Girders, Lindsay T. Kelly

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Short Span Steel Bridge Alliance (SSSBA) is a group of bridge industry leaders (including steel manufacturers, fabricators, service centers, coaters, researchers, and representatives of related associations and government organizations) who have joined together to provide educational information on the design and construction of short-span steel bridges in installations up to 140 feet in length (Michaelson, 2014). From within the SSSBA technical working group, a shallow press-brake-formed steel tub girder was developed. This new technology consists of cold-bending standard mill plate width and thicknesses to form a trapezoidal box girder. By eliminating the need to cut and weld plates together, …

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The Political Economy Of Pork-Barrel Spending, J. Zachary Klingensmith Jan 2014

The Political Economy Of Pork-Barrel Spending, J. Zachary Klingensmith

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation consists of five papers which examine the impact pork-barrel spending has on legislative decision-making. In chapter 1, I introduce the theory behind pork-barrel spending, legislative coalitions and other similar topics. In chapter 2, I determine if pork-barrel spending has any impact on state employment levels. I use both a spatial and non-spatial modeling methodology to answer the question. Chapter 3 examines the relationship between the amount of pork-barrel spending appropriated by the Senator and the amount of money the Senator is able to fundraise. Chapter 4 integrates the results from chapter 3 to develop two-stage and three-stage models …

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A Method Of Pricing European Style Equity Options, David Harris Jan 2014

A Method Of Pricing European Style Equity Options, David Harris

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The study of option pricing has a very short history, when compared with other elements of economics. Since the publication of a method to price European style equity options by Fischer Black and Myron Scholes in 1973 a vast amount of research on option pricing has occurred. Ultimately, the pricing of equity options depends upon the match of the model and reality. A new method to price option contracts is proposed. It is argued that the distributional assumptions of standard models are uncorrelated with nature. A new model is proposed as a start to a new class of models.

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An Experimental Investigation On The Effects Of Freestream Turbulence Intensity On Film Cooling Effectiveness And Heat Transfer Coefficient For An Anti-Vortex Hole, Stephen Andrew Hayes Jan 2014

An Experimental Investigation On The Effects Of Freestream Turbulence Intensity On Film Cooling Effectiveness And Heat Transfer Coefficient For An Anti-Vortex Hole, Stephen Andrew Hayes

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Film cooling is used to thermally protect combustor and turbine components by creating a layer of relatively cooler air than the freestream air to insulate the components from the hot freestream gases. This relatively cooler air is taken from upstream in the high-pressure compressor section at a loss to the engine efficiency, and therefore must be used as effectively as possible. The efficiency gained from increasing the turbine inlet temperature outweighs the loss due to extracting air from the compressor section if the cooling air is used effectively. A novel anti-vortex hole (AVH) geometry has been investigated experimentally through a …

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The Use Of Hand Bacteria As A Human Biometric Identifier, Amanda Holbert Jan 2014

The Use Of Hand Bacteria As A Human Biometric Identifier, Amanda Holbert

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Molecular and bio-molecular biometrics are an advancing field that involves the analysis of a person's unique biological markers at a molecular level to ascertain identity. Bacteria communities found on the skin of the human hand have shown to be highly diverse and to have a low percentage of similarity between individuals. The goal of this research effort is to see if a person's demographics, primarily ethnicity, share a relationship with the bacteria communities that exist on their hand. A sample collection was carried out in which the left and right inner palms of 250 individuals were swabbed to obtain a …

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Effects Of Slope Geometry Alterations On Rockfall Mitigation Along Highway Rock Cut Slopes In West Virginia, Matthew D. Idleman Jan 2014

Effects Of Slope Geometry Alterations On Rockfall Mitigation Along Highway Rock Cut Slopes In West Virginia, Matthew D. Idleman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This report presents the findings of an analysis of current highway rock cut slope design practices in West Virginia, in terms of rockfall mitigation, using the rockfall simulation computer software Colorado Rockfall Simulation Program Version 4.0. Additionally, this report presents the results of two case studies, conducted on highway rock cut slopes constructed in West Virginia, to determine the feasibility of reducing the number of geotechnical benches currently used in cut slope design and construction while still safely retaining rockfall and remaining structurally stable.;Two case studies were conducted on as-built rock cut slopes in West Virginia. The objective of the …

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Development Of A 16s Rrna Gene Sequence As A Biomarker Specific To The Gastrointestinal Tract And Feces Of Swine Based On Suppressive Subtractive Hybridization, Autumn Sayre Dec 2013

Development Of A 16s Rrna Gene Sequence As A Biomarker Specific To The Gastrointestinal Tract And Feces Of Swine Based On Suppressive Subtractive Hybridization, Autumn Sayre

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Fecal contamination of water bodies causes environmental issues and human health risks. Swine are a major contributor of fecal inputs to environmental waters due to their importance in American agriculture. Water quality currently is regulated using fecal coliforms, which have natural reservoirs in the environment and may not correlate with pathogens. In recent years there has been a shift towards microbial source tracking (MST). MST employs microbiological, genotypic, phenotypic and chemical methods to determine the source of fecal pollution in water bodies. Previous studies aimed at developing swine fecal biomarkers have had limited success. The overall objective of this research …

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Effectiveness Of Continuous Glucose Monitoring In Children, Adolescents And Young Adults With Poorly Controlled Type 1 Diabetes, Kevin R. Lewis Dec 2013

Effectiveness Of Continuous Glucose Monitoring In Children, Adolescents And Young Adults With Poorly Controlled Type 1 Diabetes, Kevin R. Lewis

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background: Type 1 diabetes is the second most common chronic illness seen in children. Children, adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes are provided care in programs with diabetes educators, nurses, nurse practitioners, physicians, dietitians, and many other specialists. Even though children, adolescents and young adults receive care from many providers, their diabetes is often not in good control. In the last 10 years a new device called a continuous glucose monitor has been developed for use with people with diabetes. This new device documents the blood sugar levels in people with diabetes between finger stick blood sugar tests.;Objectives: …

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Calibrating The Lamodel Program For Shallow Cover Multiple-Seam Mines, Morgan M. Sears Dec 2013

Calibrating The Lamodel Program For Shallow Cover Multiple-Seam Mines, Morgan M. Sears

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Stable underground mine openings are fundamental to ensuring the safety of miners and providing a safe work environment. During the past decade, approximately 40% of underground mining fatalities were caused by roof falls, rib collapses, or bumps/bursts, 19% of which occurred during retreat mining (Pappas and Mark, 2012). In addition, approximately 600 miners are non-fatally injured (often severely) every year by rock falls in coal mines (Pappas and Mark, 2012).;To help with designing stable mine pillars in deep-cover situations, a new calibration method for deep-cover pillar retreat mining was developed and implemented into the LaModel 3.0 program a few years …

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