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Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

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Habitat Use, Nest Success, And Management Recommendations For Grassland Birds Of The Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge, West Virginia, Kelly Ann Warren May 2001

Habitat Use, Nest Success, And Management Recommendations For Grassland Birds Of The Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge, West Virginia, Kelly Ann Warren

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Grassland bird populations have been declining due to increased habitat fragmentation, urbanization, and conversion of farmlands to other uses throughout the United States. However, idle hayfields and pastures in the eastern United States may provide adequate nesting habitat for grassland species displaced from their native habitat. The objectives of this study were to: (1) compare grassland bird abundance, diversity, and richness of species between 3 idle hayfields and 3 pastures and between mowed and unmowed treatments, and (2) compare grassland bird nest success between hayfields and pastures, and between mowed and unmowed treatments on the Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge, …

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Effects Of Sediment Upon Benthic Macroinvertebrates In Forested Northern Appalachian Streams, Michael Douglas Kaller May 2001

Effects Of Sediment Upon Benthic Macroinvertebrates In Forested Northern Appalachian Streams, Michael Douglas Kaller

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Excess fine sediment negatively influences the fauna of North American streams. With the current emphasis on multiple-use forests, the question is not whether fine sediment is detrimental, but what is the threshold of fine sediment that is tolerable?;To determine a threshold tolerance of fine sediment, a two-part project investigated the influence of fine sediment upon benthic macroinvertebrates. The first part encompassed two experiments in sediment manipulation in 1999 and 2000. The experiments tested benthic macroinvertebrate metric sensitivity to a range of fine sediment treatments. The second part involved four seasonal surveys of seven streams to determine the threshold amount of …

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Effects Of Type-I Collagen Fractional Composition And Pyridinium Crosslink Content On Cortical Bone Strength In The Human Femur, Michael Blair Rice May 2001

Effects Of Type-I Collagen Fractional Composition And Pyridinium Crosslink Content On Cortical Bone Strength In The Human Femur, Michael Blair Rice

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Type-I collagen's role in the formation of bone and its inherent strength have been well documented by studies in genetic diseases such as Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Type-I collagen's role in healthy bone, and the changes that occur to collagen during aging, which may eventually lead to osteoporosis, is less understood. Changes that may occur include differences in collagen production and in its processing such as differences in glycosylation and the hydroxylation of specific amino acid residues. Changes in the reducible and non-reducible crosslink content, or changes in the ratio of crosslinks to total collagen may also occur. The present study investigated …

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Pattern Recognition In Software Engineering Trend Adapting, Dapeng Chen May 2001

Pattern Recognition In Software Engineering Trend Adapting, Dapeng Chen

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Whether and when to adapt to certain software engineering trends are difficult questions to be answered by many decision-makers. The main reasons are due to the fact that evolution of software engineering trends itself is determined by various factors, many of which come from the fields outside of the software technology, thus hard to predict. So it is even harder to estimate the cost and benefit when adapting to certain trends. This paper is intended to study ways to decrease the risk involved in such decision making processes, by developing a pattern from past software engineering trends. While the pattern …

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Multimedia -Assisted Reading In Spanish And Its Relationship With The Cognitive Control Of Field Dependence And Field Independence, Laura Janes Little May 2001

Multimedia -Assisted Reading In Spanish And Its Relationship With The Cognitive Control Of Field Dependence And Field Independence, Laura Janes Little

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study examines the influence of the cognitive controls of field independence and field dependence on the use of a multimedia-assisted reading program and reading recall. The participants were 11 university students of intermediate Spanish as a second language. The participants were classified as field dependent or field independent based on GEFT scores. The participants read a passage about Mayan architecture that was converted to a multimedia-assisted format. Participants could access as many or as few of the multimedia aids as they chose. After completing the reading, a recall measure was obtained in which participants wrote everything they could recall …

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The Effectiveness Of Residential Facilities For The Treatment Of Disruptive Behavior Disorders., Michelle Colette Hainesworth Jan 2001

The Effectiveness Of Residential Facilities For The Treatment Of Disruptive Behavior Disorders., Michelle Colette Hainesworth

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBDs) consist of four categories of syndromes known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Conduct Disorder (CD), and DBD Not Otherwise Specified (NOS). They are the most prevalent disorders in children and adolescents and the most common reason for referral to residential treatment centers (RTC). However, little research exists concerning RTCs efficacy in treating disruptive behavior. The following study attempted to take a comprehensive approach in that it evaluated the effectiveness of an RTC, including the specific treatments that contributed to a positive outcome. The study also took the investigation a step further …

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Defining Environmental Theology: Content Analysis Of Associated Literature., Robert J. Jacobus Jan 2001

Defining Environmental Theology: Content Analysis Of Associated Literature., Robert J. Jacobus

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Environmental theology is a term used often by religious communities describing theological doctrines concerning the relationship of deity and ethical conduct to the environment. After an extensive literature search, an operational or declarative definition for environmental theology was not discovered. The objectives of this study were to establish an explicit and scholarly definition of environmental theology and introduce deoview as a descriptor associated with the term. People have and will continue to act according to their belief systems: this paper has value in understanding beliefs, ethics, and behavior of people and people groups.

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Still Life: A Collection Of Poems., Kelly Anne Moffett Jan 2001

Still Life: A Collection Of Poems., Kelly Anne Moffett

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The poetry manuscript Still Life: A Collection of Poems focuses on issues of domesticity, estrangement, and recognition within an estranged landscape. A critical introduction includes a discussion of the poetics of Elizabeth Bishop and Robert Frost.

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A Comparison Of The Instructional Effectiveness Of Intensive And Semester-Length Courses., Marc C. Seamon Jan 2001

A Comparison Of The Instructional Effectiveness Of Intensive And Semester-Length Courses., Marc C. Seamon

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A broad research literature base on the instructional effectiveness of intensive-format courses often finds the intensive courses equal or superior to semester-length versions, but many of the studies from which those conclusions are drawn were theoretically or methodologically flawed. This examination of student characteristics and instructional effectiveness in one matched pair of educational psychology classes found that students in the intensive version of the course performed significantly better than students in the semester-length course on posttests of content and questions tapping higher-order learning. Despite indications of better learning in the intensive-course group, the two groups of students did not differ …

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Mechanisms Of Lung Injury Caused By Residual Oil Fly Ash: Role Of Metal-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species., Anthony Brent Lewis Jan 2001

Mechanisms Of Lung Injury Caused By Residual Oil Fly Ash: Role Of Metal-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species., Anthony Brent Lewis

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Inhalation of residual oil fly ash (ROFA) has been shown to increase pulmonary morbidity in exposed workers. We examined the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ROFA-Induced lung injury. ROFA (ROFA-Total) was suspended in saline, incubated, centrifuged, and separated into soluble (ROFA-Soluble) and insoluble (ROFA-Insoluble) fractions. The generation of ROS from ROFA samples was measured by electron spin resonance (ESR). Sprague-Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with saline, ROFATotal, ROFA-Soluble, and ROFA-Insoluble (1 mg/ 100 g body wt). Lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage cells were harvested at 4, 24, and 72 hours after instillation. Chemiluminescence, lipid peroxidation, and biochemical parameters …

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A Kinetic Treatment Of A Perpendicular Gradient In Field-Aligned Flow In A Thermally Anisotropic Plasma., Robert Samuel Spangler Jan 2001

A Kinetic Treatment Of A Perpendicular Gradient In Field-Aligned Flow In A Thermally Anisotropic Plasma., Robert Samuel Spangler

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The linearized dispersion relation describing waves in a plasma having a uniform magnetic field, uniform density, and inhomogeous parallel (to the magnetic field) flow [G. Ganguli, M.J. Keskinen, H. Romero, R. Heelis, T. Moore, and C. Pollock, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 8873 (1994)] is generalized to include thermal anisotropy, a key feature existing in many space and laboratory plasmas. The effects of ion thermal anisotropy on the ion acoustic mode is examined. The growth rate of the ion acoustic mode is shown to increase with TT ii ^ P , and the real frequency at which the maximum growth rate …

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Cross-Cultural Field Experiences In Costa Rica: A Qualitative Study Of Teacher Change., Peggy A. Romeo Jan 2001

Cross-Cultural Field Experiences In Costa Rica: A Qualitative Study Of Teacher Change., Peggy A. Romeo

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In order for teachers to be able to think and teach globally, they must be involved in cross-cultural experiences; experiences that lead to change. The purpose of the present study is to provide information that may be of value in determining if the experiences of a field course designed around a trip to Costa Rica generate professional and personal change in the teachers who participate in the course. Methods for data collection included (1) in-depth, open-ended interviews of the participants before and after the field course; (2) participant observation of the field trip; (3) evaluation of participant journals; and (4) …

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Shake, Rattle And Roll: Hazard Modeling In Indonesia Using Gis., Jacqueline K. Snyder Jan 2001

Shake, Rattle And Roll: Hazard Modeling In Indonesia Using Gis., Jacqueline K. Snyder

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The islands of Indonesia are unique in that they are prone to more combined natural disasters caused by volcanoes, earthquakes and tsunami than most other countries. Indonesia is also one of the most densely populated areas in the world. As a result, Indonesia is highly vulnerable to large-scale natural disasters. The political structure, island setting and economic status of the country have prevented the creation and implementation of a comprehensive vulnerability hazard model. Such a model would be an invaluable tool in reducing both economic loss and human casualties arising from natural hazards because it would identify vulnerable areas and …

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The Economic Cost Of Fatal Occupational Injuries In The United States., Elyce Anne Biddle Jan 2001

The Economic Cost Of Fatal Occupational Injuries In The United States., Elyce Anne Biddle

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Occupational injuries claimed the lives of over 30,000 American workers from 1990-1995 as reported through the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance system. Estimates of the value of these lives have been calculated, but nearly all studies present an aggregate value, which sheds no light on the variations in costs for different case or worker characteristics. This project developed a user-friendly computer program to calculate the cost of fatal occupational for exclusive use by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The model estimates comprehensive national costs for all occupational fatal injuries reported through NTOF, nearly $30 billion …

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The Quantification Of Oscillatory Force Parameters That Affect Eccentric Contraction-Induced Injury In An In Vivo Rodent., Kenneth Bradley Geronilla Jan 2001

The Quantification Of Oscillatory Force Parameters That Affect Eccentric Contraction-Induced Injury In An In Vivo Rodent., Kenneth Bradley Geronilla

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Skeletal muscle injury is a major concern in areas of occupational health and sports medicine. To date, the mechanisms responsible for muscle injury are not clearly understood. The objective of this research was to quantify the dynamic force parameters resulting from oscillatory contractions (stretch-shortening cycles), which are associated with skeletal muscle injury. An in vivo rodent experimental model was used to study the oscillatory contraction response of the dorsiflexor muscles in male Sprague-Dawley rats. In vivo testing of anesthetized animals was accomplished via a custom designed isokinetic rat dynamometer, which allowed for continuous monitoring of muscle force output. The rats …

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The Transformation Of The Upper Ohio River Valley., Robert Thomas Anderson Jan 2001

The Transformation Of The Upper Ohio River Valley., Robert Thomas Anderson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

European and white American conquest and settlement of the Upper Ohio River Valley during the second half of the eighteenth century transformed the region from Indian cultural domination to white American domination. The region's inhabitants, Lenapes, Shawnees, Senecas, and various other Indian nations, settled the Upper Ohio Valley during the first half of the century and brought their cultures to the region. White settlers soon followed. During this often violent period of frontier contact, whites borrowed from, Indian culture to improve their frontier life, which created a hybrid, or frontier, culture. As the white population increased, they eventually displaced the …

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Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Decreases Lipopolysaccharide (Lps)-Induced Cell Death In Rat Alveolar Macrophages., William Scott Poling Jan 2001

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Decreases Lipopolysaccharide (Lps)-Induced Cell Death In Rat Alveolar Macrophages., William Scott Poling

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a potent anti-inflammatory neuropeptide that inhibits the function of activated macrophages, inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α and enhances production of the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 in lipopolysacharide (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. The present study describes the effect of VIP on cell death resulting from LPS exposure on rat alveolar macrophages in vitro. The experiments show that VIP attenuates cell death in LPS-treated alveolar macrophages. The results suggest that the anti-inflammatory action of VIP in LPS-treated lungs may be important in limiting pulmonary inflammatory responses to LPS

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Families Choosing Alternate Management Approaches., Christina Mary Lavorata Jan 2001

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Families Choosing Alternate Management Approaches., Christina Mary Lavorata

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder affects approximately two million American school children by making them distractible and impulsive, and by causing them to have a short attention span in both scholastic and social situations. These characteristics generally result in the students receiving poor marks in academic subjects, being reprimanded frequently, and being labeled as disruptive and difficult to control by both their parents and teachers. Pediatricians and psychiatrists most often prescribe psychostimulant medications to control the syndrome, and this is an effective treatment in sixty to seventy percent of cases. There are questions about the safety of long-term use of medication, …

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El Realismo Mágico En La Vida De Tita De La Garza. (Análisis Histórico De La Novela Mexicana Como Agua Para Chocolate), Hugo Garcia Jan 2001

El Realismo Mágico En La Vida De Tita De La Garza. (Análisis Histórico De La Novela Mexicana Como Agua Para Chocolate), Hugo Garcia

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This research shows that mexican novel Like Water for Chocolate by Laura Esquivel belongs to the Magical Realism due to it contains several characteristics of this Latin American current such as syncretisms, myths, legends, and social problems like femenine repression. Furthermore, it is shown that Esquivel’s work is not light and does not imitate Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s work. In chapter 1 of this work, historical aspects within the novel are be analyzed such as slavery in the United States and the participation of women soldier, soldaderas,in the Mexican Revolution. In chapter 2, aspects of magical realism like sincretisms, myths, legends, …

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Departure: A Novella And Other Stories., William Matthew Carter Jan 2001

Departure: A Novella And Other Stories., William Matthew Carter

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Departure: A Novella and Other Stories is my master’s thesis written during the fall semester of 2000. The novella and two of the stories are original works created during this time. The remaining stories were written during various fiction workshops. The stories and novella all deal with individuals coming to the precipice of a major experience in their lives. My work deals with the psychological or worldly concerns these characters must ponder in deciding whether to withdraw, act, or leap from their precipice. Some themes I explore in this work as a whole include addictions, homelessness, death, and physical, mental, …

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A Break-Even Analysis Of Trout Processing In West Virginia: A Case Study Approach., Ryan M. Fincham Jan 2001

A Break-Even Analysis Of Trout Processing In West Virginia: A Case Study Approach., Ryan M. Fincham

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The objective of this study was to determine the current status of trout processing in West Virginia and to determine break-even quantities of whole pounds of trout required for the two main processors in the state. Simulation models were developed for each firm specific to the characteristics of the plant. Scenarios were developed according to historical demand for products and product profit margins determined by the model. Results show that the smaller of the plants experiences regional prices, which are higher than what the industry acquires. If the prices decrease, the plant will have to make changes in processing techniques …

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Consonance: Creating Pots, Inviting Intimacy., Holly Winterhalter Adams Jan 2001

Consonance: Creating Pots, Inviting Intimacy., Holly Winterhalter Adams

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis documents my journey as a graduate student in ceramics. Refining my skills at the potter’s wheel and finding a clay body and glaze palette that suit my personal aesthetic have been the central focus of my graduate studies. My work is informed primarily by pots made during China’s Sung Dynasty, as well as from forms and textures I observe in the natural world. I strive to make work that celebrates the tactile qualities of clay, creates a sense of consonance between the user and the pot, and facilitates a change from our everyday, habitual awareness into a reflective …

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Mechanotransduction In Bone: Passive And Load-Induced Fluid Transport In Rat Femora., Bixia Li Jan 2001

Mechanotransduction In Bone: Passive And Load-Induced Fluid Transport In Rat Femora., Bixia Li

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The capacity of bone tissue to alter its mass and structure in response to mechanical demands has long been recognized but the mechanisms involved remained poorly understood. Load-induced interstitial fluid flow has been postulated to provide a mechanism for transduction of the mechanical signals to the cellular level to activate bone adaptation. This research is to investigate experimentally the effects of mechanical loading on fluid flow in bone by introducing stain/tracer. Rat femurs were used to test the passive diffusion and mechanical transport properties of the stain in bone. It was found that fluorescein is compatible with an animal model …

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Growth And Physiological Responses Of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus Mykiss, To Elevated Carbon Dioxide: Chronic And Acute Challenges., Melody Louisea Mae Danley Jan 2001

Growth And Physiological Responses Of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus Mykiss, To Elevated Carbon Dioxide: Chronic And Acute Challenges., Melody Louisea Mae Danley

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

West Virginia aquaculture is an expanding industry currently characterized by smallscale, widely dispersed farms. In 2000, state sales of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss reached US$611,000. To facilitate future expansion with a focus on product quality as well as production efficiency, identification of limiting factors and new or alternative management techniques are needed. Objectives of this three-month study were to identify how carbon dioxide, a common water quality problem in the region, affects the growth and physiological stress responses of intensively cultured rainbow trout. Growth (weight, specific growth rate, thermal growth coefficient, and condition factor) and physiological stress responses (hematocrit, plasma …

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The Ontogeny Of Myogenic Regulatory Factor Expression During Muscle Differentiation In The Biceps Femoris And Pectoralis Major Muscles Of The Chicken., Amy Gayle Sarver Jan 2001

The Ontogeny Of Myogenic Regulatory Factor Expression During Muscle Differentiation In The Biceps Femoris And Pectoralis Major Muscles Of The Chicken., Amy Gayle Sarver

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study was conducted to determine the temporal expression pattern of MRFs in satellite cells derived from the biceps femoris and pectoralis major muscles of the chicken. Clonal satellite cells were isolated, grown, and collected at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hours. mRNA from each timepoint was used in PCR to determine semi-quantitative levels of each MRF. mRNA levels were normalized to - actin and then analyzed by GLM procedure of SAS. MyoD and myf-5 were upregulated during proliferation (48 hours) and fusion (72 hours). Myogenin was upregulated during differentiation (96 and 120 hours). These expression patterns …

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Japan's Ise Shrine And Selected Norwegian Stave Churches: An Examination Of The Definition Of Vernacular Architecture., H. Gary Gillespie Jan 2001

Japan's Ise Shrine And Selected Norwegian Stave Churches: An Examination Of The Definition Of Vernacular Architecture., H. Gary Gillespie

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Japan’s Ise Shrine (300-600 C.E.) and Norway’s stave churches (1100-1250 C.E.) are examples of vernacular architecture. Analyses of their functions, building materials, construction techniques, structural forms, and the impact of local philosophical, mythological, and folk influences upon their forms and decorations show that the Ise Shrine and selected Norwegian stave churches reflect cultural values and idea systems common to both cultures. By definition, vernacular architecture implies a regional, provincial character wherein architectural style is perpetuated by native traditions as opposed to cross-cultural influences or universal expression. Yet, as this study demonstrates, all vernacular architecture is not so idiosyncratic and provincial, …

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An Analysis Of A Reformulated Emission Control Diesel Effects On Heavy-Duty Vehicle Diesel Exhaust Emissions., Paidamoyo Andrea Nyika Jan 2001

An Analysis Of A Reformulated Emission Control Diesel Effects On Heavy-Duty Vehicle Diesel Exhaust Emissions., Paidamoyo Andrea Nyika

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Four fleets of heavy-duty diesel engine vehicles were emissions characterized using the West Virginia University (WVU) Transportable Heavy Duty Vehicle Emissions Testing Laboratory chassis dynamometer. Diesel exhaust emissions are comprised of a mixture of gases, liquid aerosols and substances made up of trace elements. They contain complex products of combustion including; carbon (soot), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and water. With tougher laws and regulations being implemented by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to achieve cleaner air in the future, pressure has been mounting on vehicle users, factories, power …

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A Non-Invasive Technique For Monitoring Miotic Eye Responses., Ahmed M. El-Sherbeeny Jan 2001

A Non-Invasive Technique For Monitoring Miotic Eye Responses., Ahmed M. El-Sherbeeny

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The eye is a very sensitive organ of the human body, and is subject to many hazards that may cause disorders such as miosis. Thus non-costly, non-invasive, safe methods for pupil assessment and monitoring are of the essence. Proposed is a simple eye scanning mechanism that periodically reports whether the pupil has experienced miosis or dilatation due to an external illumination source. The process uses a Clanguage program to control the image-grabbing process, as well as determining the pupil constriction/dilation conditions. The program focuses on dynamically isolating the pupil by producing a threshold for it that varies with the measured …

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Trauma, Criterion A, And Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Scientific Utility And Definitional Validity., Kenneth Joseph Ruggiero Jan 2001

Trauma, Criterion A, And Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Scientific Utility And Definitional Validity., Kenneth Joseph Ruggiero

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Research examining the relation between trauma and psychopathology has contributed to the identification of individuals who, following exposure to various potentially traumatic events (e.g., domestic violence, rape), may be at high risk for post-trauma difficulties (e.g., sleep disturbance, heightened displays of hypervigilant behavior). However, the validity of the definitional characteristics of trauma has not adequately been explored. For instance, few studies have targeted the extent to which reports of perceived life threat, injury, or peritraumatic responses of “horror,” “fear,” and “helplessness” are associated with various forms of trauma-relevant responding. Yet, reports of such subjective emotional responses and event characteristics are …

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Effects Of A High Salt Diet On The Microcirculation In Normotensive Rats: The Role Of Reactive Oxygen Species., Deborah M. Lenda Jan 2001

Effects Of A High Salt Diet On The Microcirculation In Normotensive Rats: The Role Of Reactive Oxygen Species., Deborah M. Lenda

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In normotensive rats fed high salt, arteriolar responsiveness to endothelium-dependent dilators is reduced due to suppression of local nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. In the first study we evaluated the possibility that an increase in microvascular reactive oxygen species (ROS) may account for this decrease in NO activity. Arcade arterioles in the spinotrapezius muscle of Sprague-Dawley rats fed either a low (0.45%, LS) or high (7%, HS) salt diet for 4–5 weeks were examined. Arteriolar responses to acetylcholine (ACh) were significantly reduced in the HS rats but could be returned to normal in the presence of the ROS scavengers superoxide dismutase …

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