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Identification And Genetic Diversity Of Lake Sturgeon Larvae On Artificial Reefs In The Huron-Erie Corridor, Jamie Marie Marranca
Identification And Genetic Diversity Of Lake Sturgeon Larvae On Artificial Reefs In The Huron-Erie Corridor, Jamie Marie Marranca
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
There are 27 species of sturgeon worldwide and most are currently extinct, endangered or threatened. Lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, one of the oldest species on the planet, evolved about 136 million years ago, and have had little morphological change, and are endemic to the freshwater lakes and rivers created by receding glaciers of the Laurentian ice sheet. Lake sturgeon have seen immense habitat loss due to human development and industrialization has nearly decimated populations. Changes to water and habitat quality, along with overharvesting, have caused declines to nearly 1% of their original population size. The Huron-Erie Corridor (HEC), includes the …
Co2 Dissociation Using The Versatile Atmospheric Dielectric Barrier Discharge Experiment (Vader), Michael Allen Lindon
Co2 Dissociation Using The Versatile Atmospheric Dielectric Barrier Discharge Experiment (Vader), Michael Allen Lindon
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
As of 2013, the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) estimates that the world emits approximately 36 trillion metric tons of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere every year. These large emissions have been correlated to global warming trends that have many consequences across the globe, including glacial retraction, ocean acidification and increased severity of weather events. With green technologies still in the infancy stage, it can be expected that CO2 emissions will stay this way for along time to come. Approximately 41% of the emissions are due to electricity production, which pump out condensed forms of CO2. This danger …
Creative Idea Generation: How To Incorporate Plussing Into Your Creative Thinking Sessions, Whitney Godwin
Creative Idea Generation: How To Incorporate Plussing Into Your Creative Thinking Sessions, Whitney Godwin
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The goal of this master's thesis is to evaluate Disney's "plussing" as a form of idea-generation for every type of organization and business. This method was assessed through a case study of two nonprofit organizations in Morgantown, West Virginia after developing three original plussing methods. Both organizations participated in plussing sessions. Sessions were followed up with a survey of each participant. Findings suggest "plussing" has proven more beneficial to the organizations than traditional brainstorming methods. Several participants stated that plussing provides a more effective way for organizations to produce the best idea and product possible without the fear of criticism …
Impacts Of Non-Renewable Resource Extraction On Shrubland Songbird Nest Success And Abundance, Ryan Douglas Davis
Impacts Of Non-Renewable Resource Extraction On Shrubland Songbird Nest Success And Abundance, Ryan Douglas Davis
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Shrubland songbirds are a highly imperiled guild across much of North America due to wide-scale land use changes and resulting loss of shrubland habitat. Land management practices which produce early-successional habitat, namely field abandonment and clearcut timber harvests, have become increasingly uncommon in the eastern United States, and natural maintenance processes such as fires and floods are often suppressed. The Appalachian region is rich in natural resources; it has historically seen high amounts of surface mining for coal and is currently experiencing prolific development of shale gas. Both of these practices alter local habitats and the landscape, and it is …
A Hypermedia Design For Both High And Low Knowledge Readers, Jonathan Vickers
A Hypermedia Design For Both High And Low Knowledge Readers, Jonathan Vickers
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this case study is to examine possibilities for improving upon hypermedia design in regards to readers and their varied levels of prior knowledge. By creating a hypermedia website that looks at the development of rock climbing at Coopers Rock State Forest, I will explore the possibility of using prompts intended to help prepare readers with low levels of subject (rock climbing) knowledge to understand and make sense of the content. However, at the same time, it is important to allow readers with high levels of subject knowledge to bypass these prompts because of their ability to limit …
Role Of The Dietitian In Multidisciplinary Treatment Of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Wendy Thompson
Role Of The Dietitian In Multidisciplinary Treatment Of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Wendy Thompson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive endocrine disorder in females. Genetic and lifestyle factors influence the etiology and insulin resistance plays a key role in the pathogenesis of PCOS.;Objective: To investigate the current trends and future implications of multidisciplinary PCOS clinics while emphasizing the role and challenges for dietitians.;Methods: The study design was a two-phase formative investigation of PCOS focused practitioners through an anonymous, internet-based survey (Qualtrics, Provo, UT) followed by focus groups done via teleconference. Focus group data was analyzed using Braun and Clarke's method of thematic analysis.;Participants: Survey respondents included 261 health care providers, …
Effects Of Maturation, Polyploidy, And Nutrition On Growth, Composition, And Gene Expression Within Fatty Acid Metabolism In Rainbow Trout, Meghan Lynn Manor
Effects Of Maturation, Polyploidy, And Nutrition On Growth, Composition, And Gene Expression Within Fatty Acid Metabolism In Rainbow Trout, Meghan Lynn Manor
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In many cultured fish species, such as salmonids, gonadal development occurs at the expense of stored energy and nutrients, including lipids. Mobilization of intramuscular lipid during gonadal development decreases fillet quality. The aquaculture industry induces triploidy to generate sterile individuals; however, differences in lipid metabolism of female diploid (2N) and triploid (3N) trout may alter fillet quality. In addition, there is concern that genetic selection for increased growth negatively impacts fillet quality and muscle lipid content. Research in these areas would aid in the development of better management practices for efficient food-fish production that optimizes product quality.;The goal of this …
Cbct Evaluation Of Condylar Changes In Children With Unilateral Posterior Crossbites With A Functional Shift, Lance Pittman
Cbct Evaluation Of Condylar Changes In Children With Unilateral Posterior Crossbites With A Functional Shift, Lance Pittman
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Introduction: The unilateral posterior crossbite with a functional shift is one of the most common early adolescent malocclusions. It is caused by a transversely deficient maxilla, relative to the mandible, and results when the mandible shifts to one side to so the teeth can maximally interdigitate. This shift is thought to cause the contralateral condyle to move anteriorly, inferiorly, and medially within the TMJ. Much attention has been given recently to the affects of this functional shift on the condyles. An attempt is being made to determine if pathological position of the condyles can cause condylar signs or symptoms similar …
The Use Of Technology To Display Student Artwork Online, Elissa Dray
The Use Of Technology To Display Student Artwork Online, Elissa Dray
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This thesis was constructed to investigate the topic of displaying student artwork and projects in the online realm of art galleries. A research study was conducted questioning participants about their previous encounters with online art galleries and displaying student work. These participants were educators from various fields of study that created art related projects with their students. Participants were then introduced to the online art gallery, Artsonia and photographing student art. Benefits from joining Artsonia included parental contact, promotion of school art programs, possible fundraising opportunities, free lesson plan ideas, and increased student participation. Participants were also given the opportunity …
Local And Regional Controls Of Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Metapopulation Dynamics Within A Complex Appalachian Riverscape, Brock Miles Huntsman
Local And Regional Controls Of Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Metapopulation Dynamics Within A Complex Appalachian Riverscape, Brock Miles Huntsman
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Brook trout have recently become a species of conservation focus due to their unique spatial structure and restricted thermal requirements. These life history characteristics make brook trout particularly vulnerable to major biodiversity threats, such as climate change and habitat loss. For appropriate conservation actions to be taken, it is imperative to identify the scale that limits brook trout productivity. The popular view of brook trout ecology indicates that populations exist as isolated fragments within watersheds, where productivity is concentrated in small, cold tributaries. This has led to management resources being allocated towards small tributaries with a goal to enhance local …
Modeling Migration And Citizen-Science Data To Estimate Golden Eagle Abundance In Eastern North America, Andrew J. Dennhardt
Modeling Migration And Citizen-Science Data To Estimate Golden Eagle Abundance In Eastern North America, Andrew J. Dennhardt
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Understanding animal movements is fundamental to ecology and conservation, yet direct measurement of movements of birds is both challenging and costly. Raptor populations are especially difficult to monitor, but movement models can provide information toward this goal. The golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos canadensis) in eastern North America is a species of regional conservation concern, and little is known about its population ecology, movements, or behavior. Because of their rarity and role as apex predators, improving monitoring of this small population is of great importance. Similar to using movement models to help improve monitoring, developing new methods to estimate the size …
Blood Pressure And Quality Of Life In Youth Enrolled In A Culinary Skills, Family Mealtime And Physical Activity Program: Pilot Study Icook 4-H, Erin Smith
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Objective: The pilot study objective is to determine if blood pressure (BP) and perception of quality of life (QoL) in 9-10 y/o youth changes after a 12 week 6-session program focusing on culinary skills, family mealtime and physical activity. Methods: Pre-post treatment only assessments were collected at 0 and 4 months for child/adult dyads (n=49 dyads). Five states (ME, NE, SD, TN, WV) recruited and delivered 6 sessions every two weeks that focused on increasing cooking skills, family mealtime, and physical activity. During BP assessments, each child had an initial rest of 5 min with 2 min rest between measurements …
Pausing Of Children During Signaled And Unsignaled Transitions, Apral P. Foreman
Pausing Of Children During Signaled And Unsignaled Transitions, Apral P. Foreman
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
We evaluated effects of signaled and unsignaled transitions between reinforcement schedules on pausing and run rates of academic responding and rate and duration of problem behavior for four children who engaged in chronic and severe problem behavior. Children completed an academic task on a computer program to earn access to brief video clips. Lean (more responses and short videos) and rich (few responses and long videos) reinforcement schedules were alternated within each session, creating four transition types: lean-to-lean, lean-to-rich, rich-to-rich, and rich-to-lean. Pausing was measured as the latency to initiate the first response of a reinforcement schedule. Run rates were …
Evaluation Of Primary Stability In Bovine Ribs Following A Correction In Placement Depth, Matthew Bobbera
Evaluation Of Primary Stability In Bovine Ribs Following A Correction In Placement Depth, Matthew Bobbera
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
For an implant to be successfully loaded at the time of placement it must have a certain degree of initial stability. While many factors have been shown to influence primary stability, this study aims to examine the effect of positional change on implant stability. 18 Straumann dental implants (16 Standard plus SLA active 3.3mm RN implants, 1 Standard plus SLA 3.3 mm RN implant, and 1 SLActive 4.1 mm RC bone level implant) were placed into two bovine ribs. Implants were divided into two groups with nine in each group and were either backed out or advanced. The primary stability …
A Method Of Pricing European Style Equity Options, David Harris
A Method Of Pricing European Style Equity Options, David Harris
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The study of option pricing has a very short history, when compared with other elements of economics. Since the publication of a method to price European style equity options by Fischer Black and Myron Scholes in 1973 a vast amount of research on option pricing has occurred. Ultimately, the pricing of equity options depends upon the match of the model and reality. A new method to price option contracts is proposed. It is argued that the distributional assumptions of standard models are uncorrelated with nature. A new model is proposed as a start to a new class of models.
Examining Childbirth-Related Trauma And Its Effect On Maternal Self-Efficacy And Appraisal Of Infant Temperament, Teresa B. Stire
Examining Childbirth-Related Trauma And Its Effect On Maternal Self-Efficacy And Appraisal Of Infant Temperament, Teresa B. Stire
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
It is estimated that 3--9% of women will meet full diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following childbirth, with another 20 to 40% being partially symptomatic for the disorder. While precedents and associated factors leading to childbirth related PTSD have been fairly well researched, the postpartum outcomes such as the mother's perception of herself in the parenting role, and her appraisal of her infant's temperament have been far less studied. Other psychiatric disorders have been linked to lower estimations of parental self efficacy and more negative views of infant temperament. This study examined childbirth related trauma and its effect …
Inactivation By Uv-Radiation And Internalization Of Coliforms And Escherichia Coli In Aquaponically And Hydroponically Grown Lettuce, Matthew J. Moriarty
Inactivation By Uv-Radiation And Internalization Of Coliforms And Escherichia Coli In Aquaponically And Hydroponically Grown Lettuce, Matthew J. Moriarty
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Recent studies have shown that coliform bacteria, specifically Escherichia coli O157:H7, can internalize in leafy green produce. Therefore, a risk exists for lettuce being grown in systems using mixed water sources. Additionally, Ultra Violet light radiation has been shown to inactivate coliforms in water. For this reason, an experiment was conducted at West Virginia University's aquaculture facility to determine the effect of UV-radiation in water supplying an aquaponic channel with nutrients, and to assess the risk of coliform and E. coli internalization. In this experiment, the spring fed, flow-through aquaponic system was receiving runoff from cattle pastures as a source …
Effects Of Novel Feed Ingredients And Additives On Feed Quality And Broiler Performance, Ashley Marie Evans
Effects Of Novel Feed Ingredients And Additives On Feed Quality And Broiler Performance, Ashley Marie Evans
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In the poultry industry, feed and feed manufacture account for 60 to 70% of production costs. Because of this, integrators are continually seeking ways to decrease costs while maintaining pellet quality and bird performance. The research presented in this dissertation offer several novel feed ingredients that have the potential to replace costly feed ingredients, increase pellet quality, improve bird growth and performance, and improve nutrient digestibility. In Chapter 2, four experimental phytase enzymes (A -- D) were examined for thermostability during pelleting, as well as efficacy in vivo. Phytase activity post-pelleting demonstrated high variability between phytases, ranging from 120 to …
Evaluating The Inclusion Of Phytase Super-Dose In Various Broiler Diet Formulations And Novel Pellet Binders, John W. Boney
Evaluating The Inclusion Of Phytase Super-Dose In Various Broiler Diet Formulations And Novel Pellet Binders, John W. Boney
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Grains commonly used in poultry diets contain phytic acid, a known anti-nutrient that binds dietary phosphorus rendering it unavailable for absorption also decreasing the digestibility of other nutrients. Phytic acid also increases mucin production and endogenous amino acid secretions causing a gut irritant effect which may decrease performance. An abundance of phytase literatures suggests that phytase enzymes can liberate bound phosphorus enhancing phytate phosphorus utilization and bone mineralization. Recently, the use of super-doses of phytase has been suggested to, not only liberate bound phosphorus, but to alleviate the gut irritant effect associated with phytate phosphorus. Therefore, an experiment was conducted …
Choice Between Reinforcers With And Without Delayed Shock, Aaron D. Dumas
Choice Between Reinforcers With And Without Delayed Shock, Aaron D. Dumas
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Some problematic human behaviors can be conceptualized as choice of a large immediate reinforcer followed by a delayed aversive event, in lieu of a small immediate reinforcer and no delayed aversive event. For example, a night of binge drinking may result in ample social reinforcers and other fun in the short-term, but it is followed the next day by an intense hangover. Alternatively, opting for moderate alcohol consumption might not produce as intensely pleasing of an evening, but it avoids the aversive hangover. The aim of the present experiment was to develop an animal laboratory model for studying such choice …
Inhibition Of Arterial Kdr Channels By Dpo-1 And Activation Of Cloned Human Bk Channels By Bpa-Ms, Ibra S. Fancher Iv
Inhibition Of Arterial Kdr Channels By Dpo-1 And Activation Of Cloned Human Bk Channels By Bpa-Ms, Ibra S. Fancher Iv
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The following documents our attempt at answering a fundamental question in vascular smooth muscle: Which K+ channels control membrane potential, and thus, vascular tone? A number of groups have approached this question and great strides have been made; however, uncertainty remains as to which specific K+ channel(s) underlies this physiologically important current. Previous studies using nonselective pharmacological inhibitors of voltage-dependent K+ (KV) channels, particularly delayed rectifier K+ (KDR) channels, indicate membrane depolarization, Ca2+ influx, and vasoconstriction. Importantly, however, there are more than 40 genes known to encode KV channel subunits. We hypothesize that KDR channels composed of KV 1 subunits …
"Busy Mischievous Ffellows": Imperial Agency In Pennsylvania During The Seven Years' War, Benjamin G. Scharff
"Busy Mischievous Ffellows": Imperial Agency In Pennsylvania During The Seven Years' War, Benjamin G. Scharff
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This project explores British colonial interaction with imperial authority in mid-eighteenth century Pennsylvania. The goal is to show that reactions to this authority proved much more complicated than previously identified. This has been done by examining the personal interactions of Pennsylvanians with Britons in political, economic, diplomatic and inter-colonial affairs. Upon examination of these exchanges, it becomes clear that Pennsylvanians differed greatly in their support of British authority depending on their personal place in society and the particular issues they were most personally connected to. By demonstrating the variety of reactions, this research highlights the importance of studying colonial opposition …
Phosphorus Forms And Availability In Organicallymanaged Grasslands, Saraswati Poudel Acharya
Phosphorus Forms And Availability In Organicallymanaged Grasslands, Saraswati Poudel Acharya
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Phosphorus (P), an essential element for plants and animals, can be a limiting nutrient in organically-managed soils. To better understand P dynamics in organically-managed grasslands, P forms and availability in certified organic grasslands at the WVU Organic Research Farm were determined. The experimental design was a randomized complete block established in 2000 and has been maintained continuously with certified organic methods. We compared three Usage systems (Pasture, Buffer, and Hay) each at two levels of Fertility (High and Low). Phosphorus forms were determined by sequential fractionation with H2O, NaHCO3, NaOH and HCl. Extractable P was determined using several soil test …
Shedding Light On Gis: A 3d Immersive Approach To Urban Lightscape Integration Into Gis, Andrew Kaufman
Shedding Light On Gis: A 3d Immersive Approach To Urban Lightscape Integration Into Gis, Andrew Kaufman
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have the ability to map, model, and analyze real world data and phenomena, and yet visibility and lighting conditions are rarely considered or researched in Geographic Information Science (GISci). Lighting technologies have been created and implemented to overcome the darkness of night and other issues of visibility, and in no place is that more evident than urban areas. Though not researched heavily in GIS, it is now possible to model and analyze lighting of the built environment using GIS, 3D modeling and rendering software. This thesis explores the night time urban lightscape, its spatial aspects and …
Mau Mau Crucible Of War: Statehood, National Identity And Politics In Postcolonial Kenya, Nicholas Kariuki Githuku
Mau Mau Crucible Of War: Statehood, National Identity And Politics In Postcolonial Kenya, Nicholas Kariuki Githuku
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The postcolonial African state has been the subject of extensive study and scrutiny by various scholars of great repute such as Colin Legum, Crawford Young, Robert H. Jackson and Carl G. Rosberg, Pierre Englebert and Jean-Francois Bayart to name but a few. Crawford Young's work is especially interesting because of the manner in which he treats the process of state formation. Crawford Young traces the process to the early beginning of European colonization and focuses on the legacy of the colonial state after independence. Colonial appendages of old European states were, for some metropolises, no longer economically viable or sustainable …
Integrated Motor Protein Based Nanodevices For Biomolecular Transport, Yongkuk Lee
Integrated Motor Protein Based Nanodevices For Biomolecular Transport, Yongkuk Lee
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
A living cell can be considered as a miniaturized device, which carries out complicated tasks such as reproduction, energy conversion and molecule transport. Many cellular functions are highly efficient and mostly performed at nanoscale, which is pursued in fields of Micro total analysis system (&mgr;-TAS) or lab-on-a-chip. Due to unique mechanical functions performing micro/nano transport with high efficiency of the chemo-mechanical energy conversion in cells, motor proteins have been emphasized to perform laboratory functions such as delivery, assembly, detection, and micro/nano-engines. However, several issues ranging from in vitro stability of motor proteins to understanding their functionalities with inorganic materials remain …
In Vitro Recapitulation Of Functional Microvessel Using Microfluidic Platform, Xiang Li
In Vitro Recapitulation Of Functional Microvessel Using Microfluidic Platform, Xiang Li
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Microfluidic technologies have enabled in vitro studies to mimic in vivo microvessel environment with sufficient complexity. However, there are still existing knowledge gaps and lack of convincing evidence to demonstrate and quantify key features of a functional microvessel. In this dissertation, a physiologically realistic microvessel model was developed with a stable and mature endothelium for studying complex vascular phenomena, such as endothelial cell signaling and barrier functions with the microscopic resolution at individual cellular levels. With advanced micromanufacturing and microfluidic technologies, two types of cost-efficient, easy to operate and reproducible microchannel network devices were fabricated, and the fabricated microchannels mimicked …
Mothers' Adaptation To Caring For A New Baby, Darcey N. Powell
Mothers' Adaptation To Caring For A New Baby, Darcey N. Powell
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
To date, most research on parents' adjustment after adding a new baby to their family unit has focused on mothers' initial transition to parenthood. This past research has examined changes in mothers' marital satisfaction and perceived well-being across the transition, and has compared their prenatal expectations to their postnatal experiences. This project assessed first-time and experienced mothers' stress and satisfaction associated with parenting, their adjustment to competing demands, and their perceived well-being longitudinally before and after the birth of a baby. Additionally, how maternal and child-related variables influenced the trajectory of mothers' postnatal adaptation was assessed. These variables included mothers' …
Grass Component Effect On Soil Physical Properties In An Organic Crop Rotation, Emily Leslie Romano
Grass Component Effect On Soil Physical Properties In An Organic Crop Rotation, Emily Leslie Romano
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In the past few decades, organic productions systems have become increasingly popular due to rising environmental awareness. Much research has been done on crop rotations and fertilization in conventional agricultural systems, but because organic management practices are often different from those in conventional systems, much is unknown about the effect of organic management practices on soil quality. Composted manure and a temporary grass component within an organic crop rotation may be capable of improving soil quality, and may be particularly important in the absence of synthetic chemical inputs. The objective of this research was to evaluate soil quality changes in …
Elucidation Of The Early Steps Of Ergot Alkaloid Synthesis By Pathway Reconstruction In Aspergillus Nidulans, Katy Ryan
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Ergot alkaloids are pharmaceutically and agriculturally important secondary metabolites produced by several species of fungi in the Clavicipitaceae (order Hypocreales) and Trichocomaceae (order Eurotiales). Ergot alkaloid pathways vary among producers due to genetic variation within ergot alkaloid synthesizing (eas) gene clusters. However, the early steps of the pathway leading to the formation of chanoclavine-I appear to be evolutionarily conserved among producers. Chanoclavine-I synthesis occurs in at least five steps, and knockout and heterologous expression studies have demonstrated that four genes, dmaW, easF, easE, and easC, are required for pathway steps prior to chanoclavine-I formation. It was unknown whether these genes …