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The Whale And The World In Melville’S Moby-Dick: Early American Empire And Globalization, Zachary Michael Radford
The Whale And The World In Melville’S Moby-Dick: Early American Empire And Globalization, Zachary Michael Radford
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Reading Moby-Dick; or, the Whale (1851), this study examines literary arguments regarding Melville’s capacity to appear prophetic through his written works in his predictions of the vast empire that America would one day become and the strategies which the country would employ to do so. In my introduction I assert that Melville is not a “Prophet,” but rather, he is a keenly analytical observer of the world around him as he recognized in America patterns of imperialism: structures he charted in his global voyages as a merchant and then a whaler. In his observations, he saw that America was not …
Examination Of Scavenging Associated With Wolves, Jamie Bankaitis
Examination Of Scavenging Associated With Wolves, Jamie Bankaitis
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Forensic anthropologists often confront external influences on a body, whether they are human, animal, or environmental. One of the major and most common confounding factors for forensic anthropologists is animal scavenging and the damage this inflicts on the skeleton. The types of scavengers present vary from region to region, and in the Northwest, large carnivores such as bears, mountain lions, and canids are abundant. These types of carnivores can not only inflict incredible trauma to a skeleton, they can also disperse the remains over very large areas, making it difficult for forensic teams to recover all of the skeletal elements …
King Of Kings: Human Rights Rhetoric And Regional Security In The Shah's Iran, 1968-1978, Bennett Gabriel Sherry
King Of Kings: Human Rights Rhetoric And Regional Security In The Shah's Iran, 1968-1978, Bennett Gabriel Sherry
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
In the spring of 1968, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi’s personal rule and Iran’s domestic stability were at an all-time high. For five years, Iran had enjoyed the boons of the Shah’s White Revolution. This program of economic and social reform had placed Iran on the path to becoming one of the most populous, prosperous, and powerful nations in the Middle East. In January 1968 the United Kingdom announced it would withdraw its military from the Persian Gulf. The Shah seized upon this opportunity and that provided by the promulgation of the Nixon Doctrine in 1969 to put Iran on the …
Language Change In Spanish Heritage Speakers: The Interaction Between Lexical And Grammatical Aspect, Jackelyn Kelly Van Buren
Language Change In Spanish Heritage Speakers: The Interaction Between Lexical And Grammatical Aspect, Jackelyn Kelly Van Buren
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This thesis focuses on preterit and imperfect usage in the Spanish of Chilean-American heritage speakers. Spanish heritage speakers in the United States are second generation bilinguals who learn Spanish in the home from Spanish speaking parents and learn English from school and the community (Montrul 2002; Rothman 2007). When societal factors limit heritage language exposure, tense and aspect morphology is susceptible to change (Guijarro-Fuentes & Clibbens 2004). Findings of a study on 11 Chilean-American heritage speakers show that production of the preterit is overextending, resulting in less frequent use of the imperfect. Large-scale studies of US Spanish-English bilinguals’ use of …
Restoring The "Shining Waters": Milltown, Montana And The History Of Superfund Implementation, David James Brooks
Restoring The "Shining Waters": Milltown, Montana And The History Of Superfund Implementation, David James Brooks
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This dissertation is a case study of a dam removal and river restoration within the nation's largest Superfund site. In 1981, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency included Milltown Reservoir on its first list of Superfund sites. Superfund law capped two decades of the federal government's most aggressive environmental legislation. While tracking the national story of Superfund law, my story provides a local view of how individuals, organizations, and agencies shaped the Superfund process. After the EPA designated Milltown a national Superfund site, the environment itself, persistent work within the channels of public policy, and federally-mediated compromise helped restore some shine …
Assessing The Role Of Shame And Honor During The Alta Conflict, Michael T. Bremmer
Assessing The Role Of Shame And Honor During The Alta Conflict, Michael T. Bremmer
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
For nearly a century the Sami peoples of Norway were subject to colonial policies of assimilation and integration. According to historians of the Sami, colonial processes stigmatized Sami individuals and the Sami culture, producing feelings of shame. The concept of shame, for both individuals and groups, centers on experiencing fear, pain, and/or uneasiness, and requires a judging audience. Honor is about individuals transcending self-interest and the need for individuals and groups to acquire self-esteem for that purpose; it also requires a judging audience. Concepts of shame and honor played an important role during the Alta conflict; a watershed moment in …
Praesentia Ex Machina: The Millennial Technoculture, Liveness And Theatre, Reid J. Reimers
Praesentia Ex Machina: The Millennial Technoculture, Liveness And Theatre, Reid J. Reimers
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This work examines the modern technoculture, its component parts and the changing role of theatre in Anglo-American culture. Our contemporary society is marked by the ubiquity of digital technologies and has become reliant on their commodities. The emerging Millennial Generation has matured with many of these devices and has embraced the modern technoculture. Many changes in daily life brought on by new technologies are obvious, but fundamental shifts remain obscured by the nature of technology itself. These subtle transformations are cumulative and have caused a technological disorientation with broad reaching implications. Liveness, initially defined as that which is unrecorded, has …
Mapping A Historic Bitterroot Valley, Montana Landscape Using General Land Office Surveyors' Field Notes, Karen M. Shelly
Mapping A Historic Bitterroot Valley, Montana Landscape Using General Land Office Surveyors' Field Notes, Karen M. Shelly
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The late 1800s Bitterroot Valley, Montana, landscape and settlement patterns were summarized and mapped using the General Land Office (GLO) surveyors' field notes. Surveyors' observations of six townships from Hamilton to the Stevensville vicinity were examined in several ways. A total of 3321 points of ecological and geographic information and 422 miles of vegetation were mapped from the field notes. Surveyor information, vegetation composition, tree abundance, vegetation spatial structure and distribution of vegetation types were characterized in a multi-part historic vegetation data assemblage of point, line and polygon feature classes. Aquatic, topographic and cultural aspects of the area contributed to …
Articulating Value Of Archaeological Resources After Damage, Archaeological Crime And The Archaeological Resources Protection Act, Liv Kristina Fetterman
Articulating Value Of Archaeological Resources After Damage, Archaeological Crime And The Archaeological Resources Protection Act, Liv Kristina Fetterman
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Archaeological crime is pervasive in the United States and throughout the world. While laws in the United States do not vest national ownership rights in archaeological resources, there are stringent means to enforce federal property rights in cultural resources that exist on federal lands under the Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA) as well as the Embezzlement and Theft, and Malicious Mischief federal statutes. In order to exercise these rights, federal land managers and archaeologists must know how to proceed upon detection of an archaeological violation. Specifically, there must be a thorough understanding of how to prepare an adequate archaeological damage …
Tradewinds And Traditions: Exploring The Archaeology Of German Gulch, William Travis Norman
Tradewinds And Traditions: Exploring The Archaeology Of German Gulch, William Travis Norman
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The German Gulch Archaeological Collection, a result of archaeological investigation at German Gulch by Butte, Montana cultural resource management firm GCM and the Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest during the late 1980s and early 1990s, represents a unique opportunity to explore ethnic relationships in rural Montana mining communities during the last half of the 19th century. The German Gulch site was a location of cultural interaction, between Overseas Chinese, European, and European American communities all focused on mining the mineral resources of the gulch. The collection presents an opportunity to test assumptions about bounded ethnic relationships as well as the process of …
A Human Behavioral Ecological Assessment Of The Yellowstone Lake Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, Jordan C. Mcintyre
A Human Behavioral Ecological Assessment Of The Yellowstone Lake Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, Jordan C. Mcintyre
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The Yellowstone Lake Basin has been an important region for hunter-gatherers since the close of the Late Pleistocene that has provided an abundance and well diverse suite of subsistence resources ( i.e prey animals and edible plants). Due the diversity found within this ecosystem, the primary objective of this thesis is to demonstrate that through the tenants of human behavioral ecology, it can be argued that the subsistence and settlement strategies of mobile foragers were heavily influenced by the abundance and availability of subsistence resources. This is based on the premise that resource patches comprising of riparian and grassland habitats …
Unraveling The Population History Of The Xiongnu To Explain Molecular And Archaeological Models Of Prehistoric Mongolia, Ryan Schmidt
Unraveling The Population History Of The Xiongnu To Explain Molecular And Archaeological Models Of Prehistoric Mongolia, Ryan Schmidt
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This dissertation explores the prehistory of Mongolia during a time when nomadic tribes created the world's first steppe empire in Inner Asia. These aggregated tribes, known to Chinese historians as Xiongnu, ruled from the 3rd century BCE to the 2nd century CE. They came to define steppe polity construction later used by the Mongol Empire under the reign of Chinggis Khan. These nomads moved extensively over the eastern steppe and interacted, both in trade and intermarriage, with peoples from southern Siberia to Xinjiang. However, the Xiongnu as a people are relatively unknown to scholars since they did not possess a …
Women's Views On Conservation-Based Income Generation And Women's Empowerment In Kwandu Conservancy In Caprivi, Namibia, Kathryn Elizabeth Khumalo
Women's Views On Conservation-Based Income Generation And Women's Empowerment In Kwandu Conservancy In Caprivi, Namibia, Kathryn Elizabeth Khumalo
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
While advocates of Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) contend that this decentralized approach to natural resource management has higher potential for the distribution of conservation and social benefits throughout civil society than conventional protected area approaches, there is limited empirical research to confirm it, especially regarding goals and claims of gender empowerment. To assess the impact of CBNRM on women's empowerment, this research selected Kwandu Conservancy in Namibia's Caprivi Region for in-depth study, an area with a relatively long and nationally-praised experience with CBNRM. The research was organized around the following two questions: how do women residing in Kwandu Conservancy …
An Analysis Of Demographic And Socio-Economic Change In The Clark Fork Watershed Between 2000 And 2010, Benjamin C. Brewer
An Analysis Of Demographic And Socio-Economic Change In The Clark Fork Watershed Between 2000 And 2010, Benjamin C. Brewer
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Over the past several decades, noticeable socio-economic changes have occurred in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States, most notably with regard to rapid population growth and concurrent land development. Scholars find this to be characteristic of a transition from the Old West of resource production and extraction to a New West of landscape consumption. This thesis uses indicators of socio-economic changes associated with the New West such as rapid population growth caused by amenity migration to examine changes in the Clark Fork watershed between 2000 and 2010. Using census and economic data, several categories of demographic, economic, and …
Another Day, Another Donut: Political Economy, Agency, And Food In A Montanan Homeless Shelter, Jacqueline Devereaux Semmens
Another Day, Another Donut: Political Economy, Agency, And Food In A Montanan Homeless Shelter, Jacqueline Devereaux Semmens
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Despite widespread undernutrition among the homeless, there has been little anthropological research on the experience of food insecurity in this population. Between 20 and 40 percent of the homeless population is undernourished and one third regularly miss meals (Gelberg 1995). This thesis addresses the significant problem of food insecurity in the homeless from a political economic perspective, analyzing how larger social structures influence the individual person. Fifteen residents at a shelter in Missoula, MT were interviewed about their dietary practices and experience of social service programs. The macro-social level influences the diet of the individual in two important ways: first, …
Capitalism, Contraception And Chemicals: A Medical Anthropological Analysis Of The Premature Sexual Development Epidemic In Puerto Rican Females, Holly Lynn Horan
Capitalism, Contraception And Chemicals: A Medical Anthropological Analysis Of The Premature Sexual Development Epidemic In Puerto Rican Females, Holly Lynn Horan
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
An Investigation of Etiologies: The Biosocial Exploration of Premature Sexual Development in Puerto Rico Objective: The purpose of this study was to argue for an anthropological approach in the investigation of the world’s highest recorded prevalence of precocious puberty and premature thelarche that occurred in Puerto Rico in the late 1970s. After 30 years of biomedical research, definite etiologies of this epidemic remain unknown; prompting for a more dynamic, biosocial approach in studying this pediatric health phenomenon. Methods: This research began with a literature review of mixed-methods data. Literature sources were segmented by qualitative and quantitative methods. Each source was …
Coming To The Surface: The Environment, Health, And Culture In Butte, Montana, Stacie Lynn Barry
Coming To The Surface: The Environment, Health, And Culture In Butte, Montana, Stacie Lynn Barry
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Butte is a small town in southwest Montana that was profoundly shaped by over a century of mining and smelting activities. Today, Butte is a post-industrial city that is the focal point of America's largest Superfund site as well as the nation's largest National Historic District. There are two types of remediation occurring in Butte: environmental and cultural. Environmental remediation occurs throughout the city, most notably at the operable units of the Butte Superfund sites. This remediation does not restore the environment to its original state but instead reclaims it to a level of risk deemed acceptable by the EPA. …
Forgotten Sepulchers: The Uninscribed Tombs In The Valley Of The Kings In Luxor, Egypt, Roselyn Campbell
Forgotten Sepulchers: The Uninscribed Tombs In The Valley Of The Kings In Luxor, Egypt, Roselyn Campbell
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The elaborately decorated tombs in the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, Egypt, have captured the imagination of scholars and tourists alike for thousands of years. Yet despite the attention lavished on these tombs, they are outnumbered in the Valley of the Kings uninscribed tombs that have been largely ignored. Excavations in several of the uninscribed tombs have demonstrated that although their walls may be bare, the tombs are certainly not empty, and a variety of finds ranging from scattered funerary objects and human remains to several nearly intact burials of high officials have been uncovered. This thesis will assemble …
Geoarchaeological Assessment Of Horseshoe Cave (24rb1094, Rosebud County, Montana, Norman Bernard Smyers
Geoarchaeological Assessment Of Horseshoe Cave (24rb1094, Rosebud County, Montana, Norman Bernard Smyers
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Horseshoe Cave is located south of Ashland, Montana and at the northern end of the Powder River Basin. Its earliest documented human use and occupation dates to 2,000 years before the present. Evidence of that past use and occupation includes diagnostic bone and stone tools, hearth features and animal remains. The geoarchaeological investigation of this sandstone cave site reveals the cave host rocks to be sandstones of the Tongue River Member of the Early Tertiary Fort Union Formation. Results of the geoarchaeological inquiry demonstrate that a difference in the calcite cementation between the two host sandstone units is the leading …
Down Low Under The Big Sky, Amee Marie Schwitters
Down Low Under The Big Sky, Amee Marie Schwitters
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Often synonymous with the rural environment is a sense of a heteronormativity and pervasive homophobia. Despite stories of gay men fleeing rural, conservative areas for larger, more accepting cities, not all men have chosen to leave. Some have chosen to quietly maintain their identity, modifying their sexual schemata in response to the desire to stay within the rural cultural environment. It is known that homophobia and stigmatization of same-sex sexual acts regulate a person's ability to be open about their sexual encounters, but exactly how they influence the daily lives of down low men who have sex with men (MSM) …
The Center Of A Homesteading Community In Northwest Montana: Archaeological Investigations On The Polebridge Schoolhouse, Alexander J. Kroll
The Center Of A Homesteading Community In Northwest Montana: Archaeological Investigations On The Polebridge Schoolhouse, Alexander J. Kroll
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
In the summer of 2010, I excavated the remnants of a historic one-roomed schoolhouse near Polebridge, Montana, just outside of Glacier National Park. The schoolhouse’s recovered artifacts represent a lively community of homesteaders residing in the North Fork Valley of the Flathead River during the early 20th century. 3,704 individual artifacts in the form of metal, glass, ceramic and faunal remains, tell of life during this time period. The research goals of this thesis have three objectives: 1) the historical record often depicts schoolhouses as serving as public space for the community, the archaeological record can be used to corroborate …
Paraffin: An Economic And Ecological Alternative For Bone Conservation, Victoria E. Luksha
Paraffin: An Economic And Ecological Alternative For Bone Conservation, Victoria E. Luksha
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Fragile bone materials are ubiquitous in archaeological museum and forensic settings. Although there are many chemical and industrial options for conservation, these may adversely affect the bone objects undergoing preservative treatment. Here, paraffin is explored as a biologically friendly alternative to bone material conservation. Modern domestic pig ribs were subjected to paraffin treatment and then to isotopic analysis to quantify and investigate the chemical effects of paraffin. Although the results showed that paraffin had a limited impact, the sample size proved too small to display the definitive parameters of paraffin’s effects. The results were nevertheless compelling enough to warrant more …
Effects Of Stereotype Activation On Self-Concepts: Differences Between Native American & Caucasian College Students, Laura R. John
Effects Of Stereotype Activation On Self-Concepts: Differences Between Native American & Caucasian College Students, Laura R. John
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Prior research has shown that when individuals are exposed to stereotype activation (SA) mechanisms, such as priming, their subsequent behavior often conforms to stereotypical expectations. Previous studies have focused on measuring stereotype activation primarily with manipulations of task completion after subjects are exposed to a prime. This study intended to expand the current research by exploring the effect of SA on an individual’s self-concept. Research was conducted with Native American and Caucasian college students using an ethnicity salient questionnaire as a means of SA. Participants then completed self-report measurements associated with Native American stereotypes. It was hypothesized that priming Native …
Evaluating Repeat Photography In Documenting Natural And Cultural Landscape Changes: A Changing Crown Of The Continent Ecosystem Between 1899 And 2010, Dusty Leigh Waltner
Evaluating Repeat Photography In Documenting Natural And Cultural Landscape Changes: A Changing Crown Of The Continent Ecosystem Between 1899 And 2010, Dusty Leigh Waltner
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Photography can be an invaluable tool in human geographical research, for example, to better understand the importance of place to people. Increasingly, geographers are looking at how photography can play an active role in the construction of geographical knowledge, that is, how photographs are seen rather than what they show. This study examines the use of repeat photography as a research method by conducting a case study on landscape change in the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem. Grounded in extensive archival research on the past, present, and future uses of photography as a research method, a repeat photography survey was …
Listen To The Bones: An Analysis Of The Variation Within The Faunal Remains At The Bridge River Site, Ogden Wyatt Ward
Listen To The Bones: An Analysis Of The Variation Within The Faunal Remains At The Bridge River Site, Ogden Wyatt Ward
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Analysis of faunal material from the 2008 and 2009 excavations at the Bridge River site (EeR14) show that variation exists within the assemblages, particularly through time between the occupation phases of Bridge River 2 and Bridge River 3. The data show that reliance on anadromous salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.) remain an important food source between Bridge River (BR) 2 and Bridge River 3 occupation phases, while reliance on important secondary resources, particularly deer (odocoileus sp.) increases. A shift in the distribution of elements from deer remains suggests a change in subsistence strategies that were used to harvest theses animals. It is …
The Use Of Ct Analysis To Assess The Ages Of A Modern Human Tooth Sample: A Comparision With Dental Attrition And The Lamendin Method, Kristina Galdes
The Use Of Ct Analysis To Assess The Ages Of A Modern Human Tooth Sample: A Comparision With Dental Attrition And The Lamendin Method, Kristina Galdes
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
An analysis of 81 contemporary adult human teeth was conducted in order to determine which of three methods best determines age at death. The teeth were loaned from the University of Tennessee body farm to the University of Michigan’s Biomedical Research Laboratory and were comprised of central incisors, lateral incisors and canines. Each tooth was of known age and most were also associated with sex and ancestry. Three observers used Lovejoy’s (1985) method of dental attrition, the Lamendin et al. (1992) periodontosis method and micro computed tomography to determine how accurately each method was able to assess the ages at …
University Of Montana Forensic Case #12: Comprehensive Case Analysis, Lauren Leanne Richardson
University Of Montana Forensic Case #12: Comprehensive Case Analysis, Lauren Leanne Richardson
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The remains labeled University of Montana Forensic Case #12 (UMFC 12) were unearthed on August 30, 1983 during the construction of Cruse Avenue in Helena, Montana near the old School Administration Building on Allen Street. Construction workers, using a bulldozer accidently exposed the decomposing grave (Roesgen, 1983). It has been speculated that these remains might belong to a Chinese laborer dating back to the gold rush (Joyce, 1983). An 1884 map of Last Chance Gulch, in which the remains were discovered, indicate that a Chinese cemetery is in the area but the exact coordinates have never been determined (Joyce, 1983). …
Sex And Ancestry Estimation Using The Base Of The Cranium, David Andrew Carlisle
Sex And Ancestry Estimation Using The Base Of The Cranium, David Andrew Carlisle
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Discriminant function analysis was employed to test sexual dimorphism and ancestral differences in the basicrania of European Americans and African Americans. The data used was originally collected on crania from the Terry and Bass III Donated Collections, using a three-dimensional digitizer. The data was converted to linear data using the method of Franklin et al. (2005). The results showed that sexual dimorphism and ancestral differences do exist in the cranial base of European and African Americans and individuals can be correctly classified at rates ranging from 75% to 80.4%, depending on the analysis.
The Dwellers Between: Yup'ik Shamans And Cultural Change In Western Alaska, Ahnie Litecky
The Dwellers Between: Yup'ik Shamans And Cultural Change In Western Alaska, Ahnie Litecky
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This paper examines the history of the Yup'ik Eskimos of western Alaska and explores how their shamans shaped the response to introduced epidemic disease. As in the experiences of so many other Native American groups, disease epidemics played an important role in the history of relations between the Yup'ik Eskimos and white settlers in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. I argue here that while the Yup'ik Eskimos grappled with the devastating effects of introduced diseases, they did not repudiate their shamans and traditional faith, which sets the Yup'ik people apart from other Native Americans. Before contact with Europeans, the Yup'ik …
Cultural Landscapes In Conflict: Addressing The Interests And Landscape Perceptions Of Native Americans, The National Park Service, And The American Public In National Parks, Emily Anne Eide
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The Prayer and Fasting Project of 2010 from Glacier National Park produced startling results indicating that many areas which have cultural significance to Native American peoples have been adversely impacted by national park recreationalists. This thesis addresses the significance of these impacts along with other management issues associated with conflicting landscape perceptions of national park lands. These concerns are explored through the examination of past and present archaeological theories along with cultural resource management approaches to landscapes. The need to identify and consider different cultural perceptions of landscapes in research and management scenarios is stressed throughout this work. The inclusion …