Digital Commons Network^™

“You Shall Not Kill” Or “You Shall Not Murder”? The Meaning Of Ratsakh In The Sixth Commandment, Jiří Moskala

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Growing In Hope, S. Joseph Kidder

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

First Approach To Coupling Of Numerical Lifting-Line Theory And Linear Covariance Analysis For Uav State Uncertainty Propagation, Cory D. Goates, Randall S. Christensen, Robert C. Leishman

Faculty Publications

Numerical lifting-line is a computationally efficient method for calculating aerodynamic forces and moments on aircraft. However, its potential has yet to be tapped for use in guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C). Linear covariance analysis is becoming a popular GN&C design tool and shows promise for pairing with numerical lifting-line. Pairing numerical lifting-line with linear covariance analysis allows for forward propagation of state uncertainty for real-time decision making. We demonstrate this for select state variables in a drone aerial recapture situation. Linear covariance analysis uses finite difference derivatives obtained from numerical lifting-line to calculate force and moment variances. These show agreement …

Army Leadership And The Profession, Donald J. Polden

Faculty Publications

ADP 6-22 establishes and describes the Army profession and the associated ethic that serve as the basis for a shared professional identity. It establishes and describes what leaders should be and do. Having a standard set of leader attributes and core leader competencies facilitates focused feedback, education, training, and development across all leadership levels. ADP 6-22 describes enduring concepts of leadership through the core competencies and attributes required of leaders of all cohorts and all organizations, regardless of mission or setting. These principles reflect decades of experience and validated scientific knowledge.

Preliminary Investigation Of A Diverse Megafossil Floral Assemblage From The Middle Miocene Of Southern Mississippi, Usa, Daniel M. Mcnair, Debra Z. Stults, Brian Axsmith, Mac H. Alford, James E. Starnes

Faculty Publications

Our understanding of Miocene floras in eastern North America is hampered by the rarity of megafossil sites. An early report from the middle Miocene Hattiesburg Formation in Mississippi included palms and Ulmus. A later report listed Taxodium, Salix, either Morus or Celtis, and monocot fragments. The floral assemblage described here was recently recovered from along the Bouie River in southern Mississippi. Ferns are represented by complete Salvinia specimens including attached sporocarps, Woodwardia, and Osmunda. Conifers are represented by branchlets of Taxodium. Angiosperms include leaves attributable to the Lauraceae. Platanus is known from leaves, stipules, and fruits. …

Scale Dependence Of Sex-Specific Movement In A Small-Bodied Stream Fish, Scott R. Clark, Brian R. Kreiser, Jacob F. Schraefer, Laura K. Stewart

Faculty Publications

1. Animal movement at localised scales is often modulated by competing pressures such as avoiding predators while acquiring resources and mates. The relative magnitude of these trade‐offs may affect males and females differently, often resulting in sex‐specific differences in movement.
2. Sex‐biases in movement have been linked to mating systems (e.g. monogamy or polygamy) in birds and mammals; however, this relationship has received less attention among fishes. Using passive integrated transponder tags and a series of stationary antennas, we evaluated the movement dynamics of a small‐bodied, sexually dimorphic stream fish Fundulus olivaceus over a 30‐day period in a fourth‐order tributary to the …

Critical Operating Stress Of Persistent Slip Bands In Cu, M. Dodaran, M. M. Khonsari, S. Shao

Faculty Publications

This work elucidates the dependence of operating stress of persistent slip bands (PSB) on the channel width and wall dislocation density. Using Cu as a model system and molecular dynamics as the main investigative tool, a new length scale effect, namely the wall dislocation spacing, is provided to enhance theoretical understanding of PSBs. It is discovered that the operation of PSB is a thermally activated event in which operating stress is inversely related to the wall dislocation spacing, strain rate and temperature. Leveraging the existing framework of confined layer slip in nanoscale metallic multilayers and classical nucleation theory, a mathematical …

Incentive Mechanisms And Impacts Of Negotiation Power And Information Availability In Multi-Relay Cooperative Wireless Networks, Nanmiao Wu, Xiangwei Zhou, Mingxuan Sun

Faculty Publications

Cooperative relaying is highly affected by the way that the source and relays are incentivized. However, the existing studies have not paid enough attention to the impacts of negotiation power and information availability of the players on the network performance. In this paper, two incentive mechanisms for cooperative relaying are first proposed to explore the influence of negotiation power, wherein the source holds either strong or weak negotiation power. In these two cases, the source posts take-it-or-leave-it offers for the relays and has to negotiate possible deals with the relays, respectively. The relay selection rules and the optimal amounts of …

The Molecular Biogeography Of The Indo-Pacific: Testing Hypotheses With Multispecies Genetic Patterns, Eric D. Crandall, Cynthia Riginos, Chris E. Bird, Libby Liggins, Eric Treml, Maria Beger, Paul H. Barber, Sean R. Connolly, Peter F. Cowman, Joseph D. Dibattista, Jeff A. Eble, Sharon F. Magnuson, John B. Horne, Marc Kochzius, Harilaos A. Lessios, Shang Yin Vanson Liu, William B. Ludt, Hawis Madduppa, John M. Pandolfi, Robert J. Toonen, Michelle R. Gaither

Faculty Publications

Aim: To test hypothesized biogeographic partitions of the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean with phylogeographic data from 56 taxa, and to evaluate the strength and nature of barriers emerging from this test.

>Location: The Indo-Pacific Ocean.

Time Period: Pliocene through the Holocene.

Major Taxa Studied: Fifty-six marine species.

Methods: We tested eight biogeographic hypotheses for partitioning of the Indo-Pacific using a novel modification to analysis of molecular variance. Putative barriers to gene flow emerging from this analysis were evaluated for pairwise Φ_ST, and these Φ_ST distributions were compared to distributions from randomized datasets and …

Masterpiece Cakeshop And The Future Of Religious Freedom, Mark L. Movsesian

Faculty Publications

Last term, the Supreme Court decided Masterpiece Cakeshop, one of several recent cases in which religious believers have sought to avoid the application of public accommodations laws that ban discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. The Court’s decision was a narrow one that turned on unique facts and did relatively little to resolve the conflict between anti-discrimination laws and religious freedom. Yet Masterpiece Cakeshop is significant, because it reflects broad cultural and political trends that drive that conflict and shape its resolution: a deepening religious polarization between the Nones and the Traditionally Religious; an expanding conception of equality that …

The Sickness Unto Death Of The First Amendment, Marc O. Degirolami

Faculty Publications

The sickness unto death, in Søren Kierkegaard’s work of the same name, is the anxiety and despair an individual experiences in recognizing that the self is separated from what is collective, extrinsic, or transcendent. Something like this condition now afflicts the First Amendment. The sickness unto death of the First Amendment is that the spectacular success of free speech and religious freedom as American constitutional rights on premises of liberal, individual autonomy has been the very cause of mounting and powerful collective anxiety. The impressive growth of these rights has rendered them fragile, if not actually unsustainable, in their current …

Considering Standards-Based Grading: Challenges For Secondary School Leaders, Matt Townsley

Faculty Publications

Rather than awarding points for a combination of worksheet completion, quiz performance, in-class participation, and essay writing, standards-based grading separates academics from non-academic factors and communicates students' nonprogress towards mastery of course or grade-level standards. Some secondary schools are moving towards standards-based grading (SBG) in an attempt to produce more consistent grading practices, however the empirical evidence resulting from this change is mixed. The purpose of this article is to describe principles of standards-based grading, empirical support of SBG, and several common challenges secondary school leaders may face when considering this philosophical shift. Future research recommendations include exploring the perspectives …

Nuclear Engineering At The Air Force Institute Of Technology: A Unique Graduate School Experience For A Unique Set Of Students, Michael B. Shattan

Faculty Publications

In August 2018, the Air University Commander formed a task force to review the Air Force’s Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) graduate education programs that are delivered and administered through the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). The study was rooted in strategies to support the 2018 National Defense Strategy, and provided the necessary technologically equipped personnel for the 21st century. The study was commonly referred to as “reimagining AFIT”. Several themes emerged from the study, which include reaching a broader community of Airmen through alternate educational modes (e.g. distance learning, short course etc.), forming strategic educational and research …

M2 Factor Of A Vector Schell-Model Beam, Milo W. Hyde Iv, Mark F. Spencer

Faculty Publications

Extending existing scalar Schell-model source work, we derive the M² factor for a general electromagnetic or vector Schell-model source to assess beam quality. In particular, we compute the M² factors for two vector Schell-model sources found in the literature. We then describe how to synthesize vector Schell-model beams in terms of specified, desired M² and present Monte Carlo simulation results to validate our analysis.

Keep 'Em Fighting: Chris-Craft's Contribution To Wwii, Geoffrey D. Reynolds

Faculty Publications

On June 6, 1944, Allied forces clamored over the sides of large troop ships into 4126 landing craft, many of those LCVPs (Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel), and prepared to storm several beaches of northern France in Operation Overlord, better known as D-Day. Preparation for this day started in the early 1942 as companies throughout the United States converted their factories from peacetime to wartime production. In Michigan, all three Chris-Craft Corporation plants quickly converted from pleasure boat building to building boats for the war effort full time. Together, the three plants would become part of the America’s arsenal of democracy …

Tuned Photomechanical Switching Of Laterally Constrained Arches, Matthew L. Smith, J Gao, A A. Skandani, N Deering, D H. Wang, A A. Sicard, M Plaver, L-S Tan, T J. White, M R. Shankar

Faculty Publications

Laterally constrained arches driven between stable states by light, represent a unique space for compliant mechanism design. Exploiting mechanical multistability can overcome limitations of functional photomechanical actuators, which include limited repeatability, actuation speed, and positioning characteristics. Here, the addition of lateral constraints to an elastic bistable arch system is proposed as a method for toggling between bifurcated states by controlling the location of actinic irradiation. This approach expands the design space for photomechanical, mutistable structures and actuators. Arch behavior as a function of system parameters is simulated, including conditions leading to multistability. An experimental demonstration and exploration of a constrained …

Genome Sequence Of The Radiation-Resistant Bacterium Deinococcus Radiophilus Atcc 27603, Claudia R. Maynard, Kyle S. Maclea

Faculty Publications

The pigmented bacterium Deinococcus radiophilus, which is highly resistant to radiation exposure, was first isolated from irradiated lizardfish. We report a genome assembly of D. radiophilus UWO 1055T (=ATCC 27603T), with a predicted genome size of 2.7 Mbp (62.66% G+C content). A number of CRISPR-associated proteins and two CRISPR arrays were identified.

The Potentiality Of Space Enterprise Force Reconstitution: Nationalizing Civilian Satellites During Kinetic Conflicts, Robert A. Bettinger, Sara Schmitt

Faculty Publications

This article will discuss the possibility of employing a policy of civilian satellite nationalization during a space war as a means of US Space Enterprise force re- constitution to ensure continued access to space capabilities necessary for the execution of the national strategy, as well as deterring potential adversaries from initiating counterspace hostilities. In terms of structure, the authors will examine the thesis by answering these questions. First, what historical precedent exists for the rapid military acquisition of civilian assets via nationalization? Second (given the unique nature of space as an operational environment), can that historical precedent be applied to …

State Constitutionalism In The Age Of Party Polarization, Neal Devins

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Territorial Reach Of Federal Courts, A. Benjamin Spencer

Faculty Publications

Federal courts exercise the sovereign authority of the United States when they assert personal jurisdiction over a defendant. As components of the national sovereign, federal courts' maximum territorial reach is determined by the Fifth Amendment's Due Process Clause, which permits jurisdiction over persons with sufficient minimum contacts with the United States and over property located therein. Why, then, are federal courts limited to the territorial reach of the states in which they sit when they exercise personal jurisdiction in most cases? There is no constitutional or statutory mandate that so constrains the federal judicial reach. Rather, it is by operation …

A Sustained Ocean Observing System In The Indian Ocean For Climate Related Scientific Knowledge And Societal Needs, J.C. Hermes, Y. Masumoto, L.M. Beal, M.K. Roxy, J. Vialard, M. Andres, H. Annamalai, S. Behera, N. D'Adamo, T. Doi, M. Feng, W. Han, N. Hardman-Mountford, H. Hendon, R. Hood, S. Kido, C. Lee, T. Lee, M. Lengaigne, J. Li, R. Lumpkin, K.N. Navaneeth, B. Milligan, M.J. Mcphaden, M. Ravichandran, T. Shinoda, A. Singh, B. Sloyan, P.G. Strutton, A.C. Subramanian, S. Thurston, T. Tozuka, C.C. Ummenhofer, A.S. Unnikrishnan, R. Venkatesan, D. Wang, J. Wiggert, L. Yu, W. Yu

Faculty Publications

The Indian Ocean is warming faster than any of the global oceans and its climate is uniquely driven by the presence of a landmass at low latitudes, which causes monsoonal winds and reversing currents. The food, water, and energy security in the Indian Ocean rim countries and islands are intrinsically tied to its climate, with marine environmental goods and services, as well as trade within the basin, underpinning their economies. Hence, there are a range of societal needs for Indian Ocean observation arising from the influence of regional phenomena and climate change on, for instance, marine ecosystems, monsoon rains, and …

Observations And Modeling Of A Hydrothermal Plume In Yellowstone Lake, Robert A. Sohn, Karen Luttrell, Emily Shroyer, Christian Stranne, Robert N. Harris, Julia E. Favorito

Faculty Publications

©2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Acoustic Doppler current profiler and conductivity-temperature-depth data acquired in Yellowstone Lake reveal the presence of a buoyant plume above the “Deep Hole” hydrothermal system, located southeast of Stevenson Island. Distributed venting in the ~200 × 200-m hydrothermal field creates a plume with vertical velocities of ~10 cm/s in the mid-water column. Salinity profiles indicate that during the period of strong summer stratification the plume rises to a neutral buoyancy horizon at ~45-m depth, corresponding to a ~70-m rise height, where it generates an anomaly of ~5% (−0.0014 psu) relative to background lake water. …

Narrow-Band Search For Gravitational Waves From Known Pulsars Using The Second Ligo Observing Run, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, G. Allen, A. Allocca, M. A. Aloy, P. A. Altin, A. Amato, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, S. V. Angelova, S. Antier, S. Appert, K. Arai, M. C. Araya, J. S. Areeda, M. Arène, N. Arnaud

Faculty Publications

Isolated spinning neutron stars, asymmetric with respect to their rotation axis, are expected to be sources of continuous gravitational waves. The most sensitive searches for these sources are based on accurate matched filtering techniques that assume the continuous wave to be phase locked with the pulsar beamed emission. While matched filtering maximizes the search sensitivity, a significant signal-to-noise ratio loss will happen in the case of a mismatch between the assumed and the true signal phase evolution. Narrow-band algorithms allow for a small mismatch in the frequency and spin-down values of the pulsar while coherently integrating the entire dataset. In …

Narrow-Band Search For Gravitational Waves From Known Pulsars Using The Second Ligo Observing Run, Tiffany Summerscales, Ligo Scientific Collaboration And The Virgo Collaboration

Faculty Publications

Isolated spinning neutron stars, asymmetric with respect to their rotation axis, are expected to be sources of continuous gravitational waves. The most sensitive searches for these sources are based on accurate matched filtering techniques that assume the continuous wave to be phase locked with the pulsar beamed emission. While matched filtering maximizes the search sensitivity, a significant signal-to-noise ratio loss will happen in the case of a mismatch between the assumed and the true signal phase evolution. Narrow-band algorithms allow for a small mismatch in the frequency and spin-down values of the pulsar while coherently integrating the entire dataset. In …

Social Class And The Stubbornness Of Family Myths: How Nonbeliever And Pagan Parents Cope With Intrusions On Parenting By Proselytizing Christian Family Members In The U.S. Bible Belt, Amy Mcclure

Faculty Publications

Family scholars have documented how powerful institutions intrude upon marginalized parents. Yet, few have examined the effect that intrusion on parenting takes on a more intimate level. Guided by insights from theories of emotion management and family inequality, I compare how two religiously marginalized groups in the Bible Belt cope with a ubiquitous experience they face as parents—unwelcomed proselytizing by Christian family members. Based on participant-observation and forty in-depth interviews, I document nonbeliever and Pagan parents’ experiences with proselytizing by Christian family members to be common, intrusive, and often perceived as potentially harmful to children. Failing to enforce desired boundaries …

An Analysis Of Esl Learner Preferences For Native Accent Retention And Reduction, K. James Hartshorn

Faculty Publications

Though most ESL learners desire a “native-like” pronunciation, researchers have observed that some may want to retain features of their L1accents as a means of maintaining identity. This raises important questions about the best ways to teach L2 pronunciation. Therefore, the aims of this study were to discover how pervasive a preference for accent retention may be and to identify possible reasons learners exhibit this preference. To accomplish this, a scale was designed to assess a preference for accent retention, and potential explanatory variables were identified. Analyses of 350 ESL learners identified varying levels of a preference for accent retention, …

Searches For Gravitational Waves From Known Pulsars At Two Harmonics In 2015–2017 Ligo Data, Tiffany Summerscales, Ligo Scientific Collaboration And The Virgo Collaboration

Faculty Publications

We present a search for gravitational waves from 222 pulsars with rotation frequencies 10 Hz. We use advanced LIGO data from its first and second observing runs spanning 2015–2017, which provides the highest-sensitivity gravitational-wave data so far obtained. In this search we target emission from both the l = m = 2 mass quadrupole mode, with a frequency at twice that of the pulsar's rotation, and the l = 2, m = 1 mode, with a frequency at the pulsar rotation frequency. The search finds no evidence for gravitational-wave emission from any pulsar at either frequency. For the l = …

Cross-Cultural Lessons On Anger And Social Connectedness, Miranda Worthen

Faculty Publications

I first started thinking about anger and its role in the experiences of people who have fought in wars when I was in Sierra Leone, about a year after the cease-fire ended the civil war. I was working as a research assistant on a study with girls who had been child soldiers and who had given birth to children during the war. We were living in a community in the west, on the border with Guinea. At first, we met only a few young women. We listened to their stories—about the war, and about what life had been like for …

Confining Cases To Their Facts, Daniel P. Rice, Jack Boeglin

Faculty Publications

Stare decisis is the mainstay of doctrinal stability. But through the little-known expedient of “confining a case to its facts,” courts can evade the pull of stare decisis by overruling everything a decision stands for except its precise result. This doctrinal workaround has enabled courts to sidestep the formal requirements that attend overruling and quietly undermine precedent without stirring public interest. But confining’s conveniences are offset by its considerable dangers: it cuts courts loose from the constraints of stare decisis; it requires judges to engage in unprincipled, fact-bound adjudication; it dilutes the integrity of the law by enshrining contradictory legal …

Beyond Static Benchmarking: Using Experimental Manipulations To Evaluate Land Model Assumptions, William R. Wieder, David M. Lawrence, Rosie A. Fisher, Gordon B. Bonan, Susan J. Cheng, Christine L. Goodale, A. Stuart Grandy, Charles D. Koven, Danica L. Lombardozzi, Keith W. Oleson, R. Quinn Thomas

Faculty Publications

Land models are often used to simulate terrestrial responses to future environmental changes, but these models are not commonly evaluated with data from experimental manipulations. Results from experimental manipulations can identify and evaluate model assumptions that are consistent with appropriate ecosystem responses to future environmental change. We conducted simulations using three coupled carbon-nitrogen versions of the Community Land Model (CLM, versions 4, 4.5, and—the newly developed—5), and compared the simulated response to nitrogen (N) and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment with meta-analyses of observations from similar experimental manipulations. In control simulations, successive versions of CLM showed a poleward increase in …