Digital Commons Network^™

Concurrent Planning: The Influence Of Bypass And Poor Prognosis Indicators On Child Welfare Outcomes, Amy D'Andrade, P. Choice, M. Martin, J.D. Berrick, M. Austin

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Characteristics Of Driven Polymer Surfaces: Growth And Roughness, Grace M. Foo, Ras B. Pandey

Faculty Publications

Using a Monte Carlo simulation, the growth and roughness characteristics of polymer surfaces are studied in 2 + 1 dimensions. Kink-jump and reptation dynamics are used to move polymer chains under a driving field where they deposit onto an impenetrable attractive wall. Effects of field (E) chain length (L_c) and the substrate size (L) on the growing surfaces are studied. In low field, the interface width (W) shows a crossover from one power-law growth in time (W∼t^β₁) to another (W∼t^{β_{2 …}}

Numerical Aspects Of Discrete And Continuum Hybrid Models In Cell Biology, J. C. Dallon

Faculty Publications

In this paper we introduce a method of modeling which mixes continuum and discrete variables, and explain two models in cell biology that use this method. The first application deals with wound healing, more specifically the collagen alignment in scar tissue formation and the second models early aggregation in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. We solve these models using numerical techniques similar to the particle-in-cell method which requires that the discrete and continuum variables are interpolated one to the other. The implementational and numerical details are discussed in an informal and practical manner with particular attention given to the …

Responses Of Phytoplankton And Pfiesteria-Like Dinoflagellate Zoospores To Nutrient Enrichment In The Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, Usa, James L. Pinckney, Hans W. Paerl, Elin Haugen, Patricia A. Tester

Faculty Publications

The recently described toxic dinoflagellate Pfiestena piscicida and morphologically similar Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates have become a major water quality issue with possible fish mortality and reported human health implications. The linkages between accelerated nutrient loading, eutrophication, and the proliferation of this group of dinoflagellates, however, are not well established for natural Systems. Phytoplankton pnmary production may provide a key link between nutrient inputs and potential outbreaks of Pfiesteria-like biflagellated zoospores in the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina. The impacts of nutrient (NO₃^- -nitrogen and PO₄^3- -phosphorus) supply rates, sediment-water column exchange, water column mixing, and phytoplankton prey …

Comparison Of Tovs-Derived Land Surface Variables With Ground Observations, Venkataraman Lakshmi, Joel Susskind

Faculty Publications

The Tiros Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) Pathfinder Path A retrieved surface skin temperature, surface air temperatures, and surface specific humidity are compared with data obtained from three large-scale field campaigns: the First ISLSCP (International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project) Field Experiment (FIFE), the Hydrologic Atmospheric Pilot Experiment (HAPEX) in the Sahel, and the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS). The long-term estimates of surface skin temperatures, surface air temperatures, and surface vapor pressure were unbiased, and the standard deviations of the errors were about 4°C, 3.5°C, and 3.5 mbar, respectively. The monthly mean variables obtained from the TOVS data at four times …

Survival And Causes Of Mortality Of Relocated And Resident Northern Bobwhites In East Texas, Xiangwen Liu, R. Montague Whiting Jr., Brad S. Mueller, D. Scott Parsons, Donald R. Dietz

Faculty Publications

We estimated survival of 3 groups of northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) on a 563-ha intensively managed study area in eastern Texas. During the 3-year study, 155 bobwhites from South Texas and 136 bobwhites from East Texas were captured, radio-marked, and relocated to the study area; 139 bobwhites that were resident on the study area were also captured, radio-marked, and released at the point of capture. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in survival among the 3 groups of bobwhites. However, survival of bobwhites from South Texas were consistently lower than those of the other 2 groups during each year; both …

A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study Of The Infection Of Water Oak (Quercus Nigra) By Taphrina Caerulescens, Josephine Taylor, Dale O. Birdwell

Faculty Publications

The fungal pathogen Taphrina caerulescens was isolated from leaves of water oak (Quercus nigra) exhibiting symptoms of oak leaf blister. Healthy leaves were inoculated with a suspension of cells from pure culture in order to examine the infection process. Scanning electron microscopy was used to monitor budding of T. caerulescens cells, formation of germ tubes, and indirect penetration of leaf tissue through stomata, which occurred within 48 h post-inoculation. Direct penetration was not observed.

Home Ranges Of Rat Snakes (Colubridae: Elaphe) In Different Habitats, Stephen J. Mullin, William H. N. Gutzke, Gary D. Zenitsky, Robert J. Cooper

Faculty Publications

Based on our findings, we suggest that rat snakes represent not only a major predator of kites, but also of other canopy and mid-story nesting species in the southeastern United States. For example, rat snakes are the most dominant snake nest predator of bird nests throughout the Southeast (DeGregorio et al. 2014) and are skilled tree climbers that often occupy arboreal habitats (Jackson 1976, Keller and Heske 2000, Sperry et al. 2009), particularly in bottomland forests (Mullin et al. 2000, Carfagno and Weatherhead 2009). Thus, the role of rat snakes as predators of nests above the understory is likely underappreciated …

The Constitutional Implications Of Human Cloning, Elizabeth Price Foley

Faculty Publications

Given the theoretical inevitability of human cloning, this Article attempts to fill a current intellectual void by providing an analysis of the most significant legal implications of cloning human beings. Part II sets forth the basic science behind cloning and how cloning differs from other, non-traditional forms of procreation such as in vitro fertilization and artificial insemination. Part III discusses the most commonly feared “science fiction” abuses associated with human cloning and current laws that may prevent such abuses from occurring. Part IV discusses the possible constitutional impediments to banning human cloning, including the First Amendment, the procreational liberty interest …

Financial Returns On Timberlands In Mississippi Between 1977 And 1999, Andrew J. Hartsell, Steven H. Bullard

Faculty Publications

The objective of this study is to compute the real annual rates of return from mature, undisturbed timberlands in Mississippi during a 17-year period (1977-1994). This was done using Southern Research Station, Forest Inventory and Analysis data on timber volumes and Timber Mart-South data on timber prices. Simple and adjusted financial maturity models were used to estimate rates of return. Average annual rates of change in value were computed and compared for four forest types across Mississippi. The average annual rate of change in volume was also computed for these stands and compared to the financial rates of return. Three …

Life In A Pine Cone, David L. Kulhavy

Faculty Publications

This exercise focuses on a little-known microhabitat -- the pine cone. A pine cone's primary function is, of course, reproduction ... housing the seeds of the next generation of conifer trees. However, pine cones are also the basis of a food web that provides both resources and living space for a wide variety of small arthropod species. The procedure outlined below is designed to examine this microhabitat and compare its community diversity among different species of conifers and habitats.

The exercise is based on a 1985 paper, Life in a Pine Cone, by David L. Kulhavy, Robert S. Baldridge and …

Food Plot Use By Juvenile Northern Bobwhites In East Texas, D. Scott Parsons, R. Montague Whiting Jr., Xiangwen Liu, Donald R. Dietz

Faculty Publications

We examined use of spring-summer (i.e., warm-season) food plots by northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) with broods using radio telemetry on a 563-ha study area in Trinity County, eastern Texas, where habitat was modified to enhance it for these birds. Bobwhites from South Texas and disjunct areas of East Texas were introduced to supplement a small, resident population. All relocated and most resident bobwhites were fitted with necklace-style transmitters. Bobwhites which produced chicks were intensively radiotracked (≥3 times/day) for ≥4 weeks or until the radio-marked parent was lost. Nine hens moved their broods to food plots within an average of 2.1 …

Reproduction Of Relocated And Resident Northern Bobwhites In East Texas, D. Scott Parsons, R. Montague Whiting Jr., Xiangwen Liu, Brad S. Mueller, Stanley L. Cook

Faculty Publications

We examined reproduction by relocated and resident northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) on an intensively managed 563-ha study area in Trinity County, eastern Texas. During the late winters of 1990-1992, 155 South Texas (84 hens, 71 cocks) and 136 East Texas (64 hens, 72 cocks) bobwhites were captured, radio-tagged, and relocated to the study area; 139 resident birds (73 hens, 66 cocks) were also captured, radio-tagged, and released at the point of capture. For the 3 years combined, the 33 South Texas, 33 East Texas, and 39 resident hens alive at the beginning of the breeding season produced 6, 13, and …

The Cartagena Protocol And Biological Diversity; Biosafe Or Bio-Sorry, Jonathan H. Adler

Faculty Publications

In January 2000, delegates from over 100 nations completed negotiations on an international treaty for the regulation of biotechnology, the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. The stated purpose of this protocol is to enhance the protection of biological diversity. Despite its good intentions, there is a mismatch between the protocol's substantive provisions and present threats to biological diversity. The protocol endorses "precautionary" regulation of transboundary shipments of genetically engineered organisms, including crops, so as to reduce the environmental risks that such organisms may pose. The greatest threat to biological diversity is habitat loss, largely driven by the conversion of land for …

Ohio’S Dna Databank Statute, Paul C. Giannelli

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Beneficial And Unusual Punishment: An Argument In Support Of Prisoner Participation In Clinical Trials, Sharona Hoffman

Faculty Publications

Currently, approximately 1.8 million people are incarcerated in the United States at any given time. A disproportionately large percentage of the prisoner population has serious illnesses, such as AIDS and tuberculosis. Prisoners most often, however, are barred from participation in clinical trials, even when conventional therapy has failed, and experimental treatment might provide them with their only hope of survival.

Much of the reluctance to include prisoners in biomedical research is based on history. In the past, prisoners have been severely abused and even tortured in medical studies conducted in the Nazi death camps, Japanese prisoner camps, and correctional facilities …

Functional Microanatomy Of The Feather-Bearing Integument: Implications For The Evolution Of Birds And Avian Flight, Dominique G. Homberger, Kumudini N.D.E. Silva

Faculty Publications

A selective regime favoring a streamlining of body contours and surfaces is proposed as having been instrumental in driving the morphological and functional transformations of an unfeathered reptilian integument into a featherbearing avian one. This hypothesis is consistent with a new, structurally and functionally coherent analysis of the microanatomy of the avian feather-bearing integument as a complex, integrated organ system that includes an intricate, hydraulic skeleto-muscular apparatus of the feathers, a dermo-subcutaneous muscle system of the integument, and a subcutaneous hydraulic skeletal system formed by fat bodies. Key elements of the evidence supporting the new hypothesis are (1) the presence …

Positive Selection And Propeptide Repeats Promote Rapid Interspecific Divergence Of A Gastropod Sperm Protein, Michael E. Hellberg, Gary W. Moy, Victor D. Vacquier

Faculty Publications

Male-specific proteins have increasingly been reported as targets of positive selection and are of special interest because of the role they may play in the evolution of reproductive isolation. We report the rapid interspecific divergence of cDNA encoding a major acrosomal protein of unknown function (TMAP) of sperm from five species of teguline gastropods. A mitochondrial DNA clock (calibrated by congeneric species divided by the Isthmus of Panama) estimates that these five species diverged 2-10 MYA. Inferred amino acid sequences reveal a propeptide that has diverged rapidly between species. The mature protein has diverged faster still due to high nonsynonymous …

Global Change And Biodiversity Linkages Across The Sediment-Water Interface, C. R. Smith, M. C. Austen, G. Boucher, C. Heip, P. A. Hutchings, G. M. King, I. Koike, P. J.D. Lambshead, P. Snelgrove

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Linking Biodiversity Above And Below The Marine Sediment-Water Interface, P. V.R. Snelgrove, M. C. Austen, G. Boucher, C. Heip, P. A. Hutchings, G. M. King, I. Koike, P. J.D. Lambshead, C. R. Smith

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Cd8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses To Lytic Proteins Of Human Herpes Virus 8 In Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected And -Uninfected Individuals, Qiong J. Wang, Frank J. Jenkins, Lisa P. Jacobson, Yuan Xiang Meng, Philip E. Pellett, Lawrence A. Kingsley, Konstantin G. Kousoulas, Abolghasem Baghian, Charles R. Rinaldo

Faculty Publications

T cell immunity to lytic proteins of herpesviruses is important in host control of infection. We have characterized the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to 5 human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) homologues of lytic proteins in HHV-8-seropositive individuals. HLA class I-restricted, CD8+ CTL responses to ≥1 HHV-8 lytic protein were detected in all 14 HHV-8-seropositive study subjects tested, with or without human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but not in any of 5 HHV-8-seronegative individuals. Seven of these study subjects with both HHV-8 and HIV-1 infection had greater anti-CTL reactivity to glycoprotein H (open-reading frame 22) than did the 7 …

Safety Of Brucella Abortus Strain Rb51 In Bull Elk, Walter E. Cook, Elizabeth S. Williams, E. Tom Thorne, Terry J. Kreeger, Glenn W. Stout, Gerhardt Schurig, Lesley A. Colby, Fred Enright, Philip H. Elzer

Faculty Publications

Some of the elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) of the Greater Yellowstone Area (Wyoming, Idaho, Montana; USA) are infected with Brucella abortus, the bacterium that causes bovine brucellosis. Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine is being considered as a means to control B. abortus induced abortions in cow elk. However, the most probable vaccination strategies for use in free-ranging elk might also result in some bull elk being inoculated, thus, it is important to insure that the vaccine is safe in these animals. In the winter of 1995, 10 free-ranging bull elk calves were captured, tested for B. abortus antibodies, and intramuscularly …

Coronavirus And Pasteurella Infections In Bovine Shipping Fever Pneumonia And Evans' Criteria For Causation, J. Storz, X. Lin, C. W. Purdy, V. N. Chouljenko, K. G. Kousoulas, F. M. Enright, W. C. Gilmore, R. E. Briggs, R. W. Loan

Faculty Publications

Respiratory tract infections with viruses and Pasteurella spp. were determined sequentially among 26 cattle that died during two severe epizootics of shipping fever pneumonia. Nasal swab and serum samples were collected prior to onset of the epizootics, during disease progression, and after death, when necropsies were performed and lung samples were collected. Eighteen normal control cattle also were sampled at the beginning of the epizootics as well as at weekly intervals for 4 weeks. Respiratory bovine coronaviruses (RBCV) were isolated from nasal secretions of 21 and 25 cattle before and after transport. Two and 17 cattle nasally shed Pasteurella spp. …

Safety Of Brucella Abortus Strain Rb51 In Bull Elk, Walter E. Cook, Elizabeth S. Williams, E. Tom Thorne, Terry J. Kreeger, Glenn W. Stout, Gerhardt Schurig, Lesley A. Colby, Fred Enright, Philip H. Elzer

Faculty Publications

Some of the elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) of the Greater Yellowstone Area (Wyoming, Idaho, Montana; USA) are infected with Brucella abortus, the bacterium that causes bovine brucellosis. Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine is being considered as a means to control B. abortus induced abortions in cow elk. However, the most probable vaccination strategies for use in free-ranging elk might also result in some bull elk being inoculated, thus, it is important to insure that the vaccine is safe in these animals. In the winter of 1995, 10 free-ranging bull elk calves were captured, tested for B. abortus antibodies, and intramuscularly …

Safety And Efficacy Of Brucella Abortus Strain Rb51 Vaccine In Captive Pregnant Elk, Terry J. Kreeger, Michael W. Miller, Margaret A. Wild, Philip H. Elzer, Steven C. Olsen

Faculty Publications

Brucella abortus strain RB51 is a laboratory-derived rough mutant of virulent B. abortus strain 2308 used as a vaccine because it induces antibodies that do not react on standard brucellosis serologic tests. Strain RB51 vaccine was evaluated in pregnant captive elk (Cervus elaphus) to determine (1) if it induced abortion and (2) if it protected against abortion following subsequent challenge. The time period of this study (February-June, 1998) was similar to field conditions where elk are vaccinated and possibly exposed to B. abortus. Fourteen elk were randomly and equally divided into vaccinated and control groups. The vaccinated group was vaccinated …

The Distribution Of Human Genetic Diversity: A Comparison Of Mitochondrial, Autosomal, And Y-Chromosome Data, Lynn B. Jorde, W. S. Watkins, M. J. Bamshad, M. E. Dixon, C. E. Ricker, M. T. Seielstad, M. A. Batzer

Faculty Publications

We report a comparison of worldwide genetic variation among 255 individuals by using autosomal, mitochondrial, and Y-chromosome polymorphisms. Variation is assessed by use of 30 autosomal restriction-site polymorphisms (RSPs), 60 autosomal short-tandem-repeat polymorphisms (STRPs), 13 Alu-insertion polymorphisms and one LINE-1 element, 611 bp of mitochondrial control-region sequence, and 10 Y-chromosome polymorphisms. Analysis of these data reveals substantial congruity among this diverse array of genetic systems. With the exception of the autosomal RSPs, in which an ascertainment bias exists, all systems show greater gene diversity in Africans than in either Europeans or Asians. Africans also have the largest total number of …

Validation Of The Fluorescence Polarization Assay And Comparison To Other Serological Assays For The Detection Of Serum Antibodies To Brucella Abortus In Bison, D. Gall, K. Nielsen, L. Forbes, D. Davis, P. Elzer, S. Olsen, S. Balsevicius, L. Kelly, P. Smith, S. Tan, D. Joly

Faculty Publications

A number of serological tests were compared for the detection of antibodies to Brucella abortus in bison (Bison bison). The performance of the fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) in both the preliminary evaluation and a subsequent blind validation indicated that this test was the most suitable for serological diagnosis of brucellosis in bison. The sensitivity and specificity in the preliminary evaluation were 92.1% and 99.4%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity in a subsequent blind study were 96.3% and 97.6%, respectively. In a double blind study conducted on bison vaccinated with B. abortus strain 19, the data suggests that the FPA can …

A Multiplex Approach To Molecular Detection Of Brucella Abortus And/Or Mycobacterium Boris Infection In Cattle, Srinand Sreevatsan, Jack B. Bookout, Fidel Ringpis, Veera S. Perumaalla, Thomas A. Ficht, L. Garry Adams, Sue D. Hagius, Philip H. Elzer, Betsy J. Bricker, Girish K. Kumar, M. Rajasekhar, Srikrishna Isloor, Raj R. Barathur

Faculty Publications

A multiplex amplification and detection platform for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis and Brucella abortus infection simultaneously in bovine milk and nasal secretions was developed. This system (designated the bovine pathogen detection assay [BPDA]-PCR) consists of duplex amplification of species-specific targets (a region of the BCSP31K gene of B. abortus and a repeat-sequence region in the hsp65 gene of M. bovis, respectively). This is followed by a solid-phase probe capture hybridization of amplicons for detection. On the basis of spiking experiments with normal milk, the analytical sensitivity of the assay was 800 CFU equivalents/ml of milk for B. abortus and …

Statutory Rape Law And Enforcement In The Wake Of Welfare Reform, Rigel C. Oliveri

Faculty Publications

The recent national efforts at reforming the welfare system and new research on the connection between teen pregnancy and statutory rape have led many states to enact stricter laws against statutory rape and to increase the enforcement of existing laws. Punitive statutory rape laws are being viewed more and more as a mechanism for shrinking the welfare rolls by reducing teen pregnancy. Rigel Oliveri documents the resurgence of statutory rape law and enforcement and explores the ramifications it will have on teen parents. In particular, Oliveri approaches the issue from several analytical frameworks, discussing arguments for consent-based standards, the privacy …

Measuring Geologic Time On Mars, Peter T. Doran, Steven L. Forman, Neil C. Sturchio, Stephen M. Clifford, Dimitri A. Papanastassiou

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.